portfolio
aime vailes - macarie
A V HARVARD
1 GRADUATE SCHOOL
OF DESIGN
[RETHINKING HAUSSMANN] FALL 2017
As citizens, we can blame developers of building housing for maximum profit and our governments for investing too little on
building affordable housing. But is housing in the 21st century not also an architectural problem? Just what is it that should make living in today’s apartment block so different, so appealing? The studio addresses this question using London as its
site of investigation. The studio adopts an optimistic position that the degree of change in the way Londoners cohab-
it the city today compared to the last century is an opportunity for a radically different approach to the architecture of the multistory residential building. It will draw inspiration from an earlier high-density ‘continental’ model developed by Georges-Eugène Haussmann, as well as architecture’s potential to embody diversity, inclusivity, and social mobility.
M HARVARD
2 GRADUATE SCHOOL
OF DESIGN
[MANILA FUTURE HABITATIONS] SPRING 2018
threat of submersion of several communities. 12,000 Families are estimated to live in BASECO, only one-third are legal
citizens and hold government issued land deeds. Moreover, the city authorities are reclaiming land from the sea,
infilling areas along the coast to establish new communities. This process enhances flooding in the neighborhoods behind
newly created land masses. Bold plans aspire to increase the expansion of the business center here, too, increasing contrasts with the current situation in the core. The vision of a rich neighborhood in contrast to the present poverty-ridden
spontaneous settlements seems unrealistic – paradoxical fantasy. What’s the future of Manila’s core and the extent of its inhabitants?
GSD Manila : Future Habitations
click link
GSD Work in Progress (WiP)
click link
American Institute of Architects (ASLA) Student Award of Excellence
click link
HARVARD
3 GRADUATE SCHOOL
OF DESIGN
[ARCHITECTURES OF WASTE] FALL 2018
With global resource depletion reaching ever greater heights, will architecture continue to base itself on materials and tectonics that have extractive implications, are not renewable, and do not enter manageable waste streams, or will it begin to hypothesize about future building cultures that produce architecture from waste?
Can architecture building culture pivot
now so that tomorrow’s material realities come not as a sudden and catastrophic shock, but as a predicted and well-managed shift? This studio investigates the ineffeciences of municpal waste streams and proposes an architecture that transitions them out of waste and into product.
CYCLO: Architectures of Waste Caroline O’Donnell + Dillon Pranger Routledge
///
to be published Spring 2020
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
With the increase in sea level, the neighborhoods of Metro Manila are confronted by a volatile edge condition and the
A V HARVARD
4 GRADUATE SCHOOL
[EXTREME URBANISM]
OF DESIGN
SPRING 2019
In Spring 2019, a studio at the Harvard Graduate School of Design proposed the rethinking of sanitation infrastructure as an instrument to integrate otherwise marginalized populations into mainstream society. The studio focused on an indigenous fishing community, known as the Kolis, who are the original inhabitants of Mumbai. The students explored ways in which sanitation
infrastructure could be reimagined to engage with systemic and ecological thinking while expanding the definition of
what sanitation might encompass. They were encouraged to produce sanitation infrastructure that was multi-functional with economic, ecological, and socio-cultural dimensions.
EXTREME Urbanism VI
to be published Spring 2020
M Rahul Mehrotra
SAMUEL
5 NAGEOTTE
+ JEAN NOUVEL
[INTERNSHIP]SUMMER 2018
With the increase in sea level, the neighborhoods of Metro Manila are confronted by a volatile edge condition and the threat of submersion of several communities. 12,000 Families are estimated to live in BASECO, only one-third are legal
citizens and hold government issued land deeds. Moreover, the city authorities are reclaiming land from the sea,
infilling areas along the coast to establish new communities. This process enhances flooding in the neighborhoods behind
newly created land masses. Bold plans aspire to increase the expansion of the business center here, too, increasing contrasts with the current situation in the core. The vision of a rich neighborhood in contrast to the present poverty-ridden
spontaneous settlements seems unrealistic – paradoxical fantasy. What’s the future of Manila’s core and the extent of its inhabitants?
RMA
6 ARCHITECTS +
HARVARD GSD
[CHICAGO BIENNALE] SUMMER 2019
2019
Mixed-media installation
Commissioned by the 2019 Chicago Architecture Biennial
dezeen
click link
H A U S S M A N N :
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T H E F U N C T I O N O F A 2 1 S T C E N T U RY M U LT I - S TO RY R E S I D E N T I A L B U I L D I N G
This projects seeks to offer residents all the amenities of a healthy and vibrant community without making social
HARVARD GSD - FALL 2017
R E T H I N K I N G
engagement compulsory. To often, projects at the neighborhood scale seek to bind the residents together around the idea of community without ensuring that people’s individual and family needs can be met privately. This project makes the assertion that true communities, bearing in mind the positive and productive social
organizations they can facilitate, can
only arise as a result of people choosing to engage in them, and not as an obligatory duty. By analyzing the different patterns of coming and going, time spent at home and time spent outside the home within a multiplicity of 21st century lifestyles, the project deploys a Haussmann block strategy of differing floor heights and plot sizes to accommodate needs seen and unseen, and allow for the organic cultivation of community based on similar patterns in lifestyle. Residents whose schedules align, whose spatial requirements are similar, and whose work-home relationships are comparable can naturally form social networks as opposed to being bound together by same unit size, same family size, or same entry as we see in conventional models.
///
D AY T I M E
MOTHER 1 (SPOUSE OF BROTHER 1)
6 7 8 9 10 11 12 1 2
3 4 5
6 7 8 9 10 11 12 1 2
3 4 5 6
6 7 8 9 10 11 12 1 2
3 4 5
6 7 8 9 10 11 12 1 2
3 4 5 6
01
LAWYER
2 SIBLINGS + FAMILY X-LARGE UNIT, TWO LEVELS
CHILD 1 (DAUGHTER OF BROTHER 1)
I AT HOME DURING THE EARLY MORNING
02
KINDERGARTNER
a
OUTCOMES
6 7 8 9 10 11 12 1 2
3 4 5
6 7 8 9 10 11 12 1 2
3 4 5 6
6 7 8 9 10 11 12 1 2
3 4 5
6 7 8 9 10 11 12 1 2
3 4 5 6
6 7 8 9 10 11 12 1 2
3 4 5
6 7 8 9 10 11 12 1 2
3 4 5 6
6 7 8 9 10 11 12 1 2
3 4 5
6 7 8 9 10 11 12 1 2
3 4 5 6
a 03 b 02 c 02, c 03 d 01 f 02, f 03, f 04
BROTHER 1
03
APP DEVELOPER
BROTHER 2
04
MANAGEMENT CONSULTANT
CHILD 2 (SON OF BROTHER 2)
- With most users leaving in the morning, special consideration must be given to users who stay in during the morning so they are not disturbed - Most widespread age distribution
05
MIDDLESCHOOLER
MOTHER 2 (SPOUSE OF BROTHER 2)
06
DANCE-INSTRUCTUR / YOGA INSTRUCTOR
6 7 8 9 10 11 12 1 2
3 4 5
6 7 8 9 10 11 12 1 2
3 4 5 6
6 7 8 9 10 11 12 1 2
3 4 5
6 7 8 9 10 11 12 1 2
3 4 5 6
HUSBAND (HANDICAPPED)
ELDERLY COUPLE (HANDICAPPED) SMALL UNIT, ONE LEVEL
WIFE
6 7 8 9 10 11 12 1 2
3 4 5
6 7 8 9 10 11 12 1 2
3 4 5 6
6 7 8 9 10 11 12 1 2
3 4 5
6 7 8 9 10 11 12 1 2
3 4 5 6
MOTHER (BREADWINNER)
DAUGHTER 5 Y/O CHILD
MEDIUM UNIT
c
6 7 8 9 10 11 12 1 2
3 4 5
6 7 8 9 10 11 12 1 2
3 4 5 6
FATHER (STAY-AT-HOME DAD)
STUDIO FARSHID MOUSSAVI
6 7 8 9 10 11 12 1 2
3 4 5
6 7 8 9 10 11 12 1 2
3 4 5 6
6 7 8 9 10 11 12 1 2
3 4 5
6 7 8 9 10 11 12 1 2
3 4 5 6
6 7 8 9 10 11 12 1 2
3 4 5
6 7 8 9 10 11 12 1 2
3 4 5 6
FATHER 1 (STAY-AT-HOME DAD)
GAY COUPLE (TWO ADOPTEES)
d
FATHER 2
02
6 7 8 9 10 11 12 1 2
3 4 5
6 7 8 9 10 11 12 1 2
3 4 5 6
6 7 8 9 10 11 12 1 2
3 4 5
6 7 8 9 10 11 12 1 2
3 4 5 6
6 7 8 9 10 11 12 1 2
3 4 5
6 7 8 9 10 11 12 1 2
3 4 5 6
STUDENT VIDEOGRAPHER WHEN NOT IN CLASS, SPENDS MOST DAYS AT HOME. COMES HOME FOR LUNCH BETWEEN CLASSES
6 7 8 9 10 11 12 1 2
3 4 5
6 7 8 9 10 11 12 1 2
3 4 5
6 7 8 9 10 11 12 1 2
YOUNG MOTHER
6 7 8 9 10 11 12 1 2
3 4 5
6 7 8 9 10 11 12 1 2
3 4 5 6
6 7 8 9 10 11 12 1 2
3 4 5
6 7 8 9 10 11 12 1 2
3 4 5 6
6 7 8 9 10 11 12 1 2
3 4 5
6 7 8 9 10 11 12 1 2
3 4 5 6
GRANDMOTHER (MOTHER OF MILLENIAL CHILD)
V 04
6 7 8 9 10 11 12 1 2
3 4 5
6 7 8 9 10 11 12 1 2
3 4 5 6
SINGLE-FATHER
g
- entrance visually and audbily separate from rest of unit
03
6 Y/O BOY W/ SPECIAL NEEDS
SMALL - MICRO UNIT
or
02
GRANDCHILD (SON OF MILLENIAL MOTHER
SINGLE DAD (NIGHTSHIFT WORKER)
- Second entrance optimal for quiet re-entry during late night and early morning
01
GRANDFATHER (FATHER OF MILLENIAL CHILD
WORKS THE NIGHT SHIFT IN 24/HR DINER, PICKS DAUGHTER UP FROM SCHOOL BEFORE HEADING TO WORK
d 01, d 02 e 03 g 01
3 4 5 6
WORKS IN NON-PROFIT SECTOR
SPENDS MOST DAYS AT HOME, PROVIDES CHILDCARE SERVICES FOR GRANDAUGHTER
ACTIVE AT NIGHT
04 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 1 2
f
IV
3 4 5 6
TEACHES 4TH GRADE
RETIRED PRINTMAKER, WORKS PART-TIME IN LOCAL BOOKSTORE
d 02 e 03 f 03, f 04 g 01
03
TEACHER
MEDIUM - LARGE UNIT
AT HOME DURING THE EVENING
02
FULL-TIME ARTIST USES ROOM AS STUDIO, USUALLY SPENDS NIGHTS AT BOYFRIEND’S PLACE
MILLENIAL W/ CHILD + RETIRED PARENTS
III
01
BUSINESSMAN
e
- Should be placed strategically in clusters of units where other users spend less time at home for uniform distribution of daytime activity throught project
03
WORKS REGULAR BUSINESS HOURS
LARGE UNIT
or
TWIN ADOPTEES 4 Y/O TWIN GIRLS
YOUNG PROFESSIONSALS
- Of all users, these users spend most of their time within the units. Homebodies - Possibility for adjacent living based on common lifestyle trends
02
01
POLITICAL AID
MEDIUM UNIT
b 01 d 01 e 02, e 03 g 01
03
HOMESCHOOL’S DAUGHTER IN APARTMENT W/ OCCASIONAL OUTINGS
AT HOME DURING THE DAY, DOGWALKER. UBER DRIVER IN EVENIGNS, WORKS LATE NIGHTS
AT HOME DURING THE EARLY EARLY AFTERNOON
01
INTERIOR-DESIGNER
YOUNG FAMILY (STAY-AT-HOME DAD)
II
02
RETIRED POET, PART-TIME LIBRARIAN
b
01
01 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 1 2
3 4 5
DAUGHTER
6 7 8 9 10 11 12 1 2
3 4 5 6
02
6 Y/O GIRL
D AY T I M E
LIVE-WORK
a 03 c 03 e 02, e 03 - Need quiet / calm work environment - Flexible space (easily changeable from bedroom or lounge to work enivornment) - Possible second entry for business purposes - Occasionally require larger, more diverse space for meetings or exhibitions
Hours of occupancy in the home were calculated for seven different lifestyle types based on personal and found testimonies. Lifestlye types ranged from large families with relatives spanning multiple generations to small nuclear families, to various co-living and cohabitation situations. An effort was made to include alternative and unique lifestyle types. The results were plotted in an effort to understand invisible similarities or patterns amongst groups that might seem disparate at first glance.
1
///
LIMITED MOBILITY ATTENDED TO BY CARETAKER FROM 8:30AM - 6:30PM DAILY
D AY T I M E OUTCOMES MOTHER 1 (SPOUSE OF BROTHER 1) LAWYER
2 SIBLINGS + FAMILY X-LARGE UNIT, TWO LEVELS
CHILD 1 (DAUGHTER OF BROTHER 1) KINDERGARTNER
a
6 7 8 9 10 11 12 1 2
3 4 5
6 7 8 9 10 11 12 1 2
3 4 5 6
in
out
6 7 8 9 10 11 12 1 2
3 4 5
6 7 8 9 10 11 12 1 2
3 4 5 6
6 7 8 9 10 11 12 1 2
3 4 5
6 7 8 9 10 11 12 1 2
6 7 8 9 10 11 12 1 2
3 4 5
6 7 8 9 10 11 12 1 2
a 01, a 02
6 7 8 9 10 11 12 1 2
3 4 5
6 7 8 9 10 11 12 1 2
3 4 5
6 7 8 9 10 11 12 1 2
03
in
out
SYNCHRONOUS COMING AND GOING
3 4 5 6
BROTHER 1 APP DEVELOPER
I
02
in
out
01
3 4 5 6
BROTHER 2 MANAGEMENT CONSULTANT
CHILD 2 (SON OF BROTHER 2) MIDDLESCHOOLER
in
out
05
in
out
6 7 8 9 10 11 12 1 2
3 4 5 6
MOTHER 2 (SPOUSE OF BROTHER 2) DANCE-INSTRUCTUR / YOGA INSTRUCTOR
HUSBAND (HANDICAPPED) LIMITED MOBILITY ATTENDED TO BY CARETAKER FROM 8:30AM - 6:30PM DAILY
ELDERLY COUPLE (HANDICAPPED) SMALL UNIT, ONE LEVEL
out
3 4 5
in
6 7 8 9 10 11 12 1 2
6 7 8 9 10 11 12 1 2
out
in
3 4 5
6 7 8 9 10 11 12 1 2
b
out
3 4 5 6
6 7 8 9 10 11 12 1 2
3 4 5
6 7 8 9 10 11 12 1 2
6 7 8 9 10 11 12 1 2
3 4 5
6 7 8 9 10 11 12 1 2
3 4 5
6 7 8 9 10 11 12 1 2
in
DAUGHTER
c
out
5 Y/O CHILD
out
3 4 5 6
FATHER (STAY-AT-HOME DAD)
6 7 8 9 10 11 12 1 2
3 4 5
02
III SYNCHRONOUS COMING AND GOING
03
in
out
HOMESCHOOL’S DAUGHTER IN APARTMENT W/ OCCASIONAL OUTINGS
01
3 4 5 6
in
6 7 8 9 10 11 12 1 2
MEDIUM UNIT
01
3 4 5 6
MOTHER (BREADWINNER)
YOUNG FAMILY (STAY-AT-HOME DAD)
a 04, a 06 b 01, b 02 c 01
02
in
INTERIOR-DESIGNER
SYNCHRONOUS COMING AND GOING
3 4 5 6
WIFE RETIRED POET, PART-TIME LIBRARIAN
II
06
in
out
6 7 8 9 10 11 12 1 2
04
3 4 5 6
6 7 8 9 10 11 12 1 2
3 4 5 6
6 7 8 9 10 11 12 1 2
3 4 5 6
c 02, c 03
FATHER 1 (STAY-AT-HOME DAD)
GAY COUPLE (TWO ADOPTEES)
in
3 4 5
out
in
6 7 8 9 10 11 12 1 2
3 4 5
6 7 8 9 10 11 12 1 2
3 4 5 6
4 Y/O TWIN GIRLS
out
/// e
SYNCHRONOUS COMING AND GOING
02
d 01, d 02
03
in
6 7 8 9 10 11 12 1 2
3 4 5
6 7 8 9 10 11 12 1 2
6 7 8 9 10 11 12 1 2
3 4 5
6 7 8 9 10 11 12 1 2
3 4 5 6
BUSINESSMAN
LARGE UNIT
IV
TWIN ADOPTEES
in
WORKS REGULAR BUSINESS HOURS
YOUNG PROFESSIONSALS
01
FATHER 2 POLITICAL AID
MEDIUM UNIT
d
out
6 7 8 9 10 11 12 1 2
STUDENT VIDEOGRAPHER WHEN NOT IN CLASS, SPENDS MOST DAYS AT HOME. COMES HOME FOR LUNCH BETWEEN CLASSES
in
6 7 8 9 10 11 12 1 2
FULL-TIME ARTIST USES ROOM AS STUDIO, USUALLY SPENDS NIGHTS AT BOYFRIEND’S PLACE
out
in
3 4 5
in
3 4 5
out
6 7 8 9 10 11 12 1 2
out
6 7 8 9 10 11 12 1 2
out
3 4 5 6 in
6 7 8 9 10 11 12 1 2
out
3 4 5 6
TEACHER TEACHES 4TH GRADE
6 7 8 9 10 11 12 1 2
3 4 5
6 7 8 9 10 11 12 1 2
V SYNCHRONOUS COMING AND GOING
02
e 01, e 02
03 04
in
out
01
3 4 5 6
VI SYNCHRONOUS COMING AND GOING
3 4 5 6
e 04 f
YOUNG MOTHER WORKS IN NON-PROFIT SECTOR
in
out
6 7 8 9 10 11 12 1 2 MILLENIAL W/ CHILD + RETIRED PARENTS MEDIUM - LARGE UNIT
f
3 4 5
6 7 8 9 10 11 12 1 2
3 4 5
6 7 8 9 10 11 12 1 2
3 4 5 6
GRANDFATHER (FATHER OF MILLENIAL CHILD
in
out
RETIRED PRINTMAKER, WORKS PART-TIME IN LOCAL BOOKSTORE
6 7 8 9 10 11 12 1 2
3 4 5 6
01
GRANDMOTHER (MOTHER OF MILLENIAL CHILD) SPENDS MOST DAYS AT HOME, PROVIDES CHILDCARE SERVICES FOR GRANDAUGHTER
out
in
6 7 8 9 10 11 12 1 2
3 4 5
6 7 8 9 10 11 12 1 2
3 4 5 6
03
6 7 8 9 10 11 12 1 2
3 4 5
04
6 7 8 9 10 11 12 1 2
3 4 5 6
6 7 8 9 10 11 12 1 2
3 4 5 6
SINGLE-FATHER WORKS THE NIGHT SHIFT IN 24/HR DINER, PICKS DAUGHTER UP FROM SCHOOL BEFORE HEADING TO WORK
out
in
6 7 8 9 10 11 12 1 2
3 4 5
VI SYNCHRONOUS COMING AND GOING
in
out
6 Y/O BOY W/ SPECIAL NEEDS
01
a 03 c 03 e 02, e 03
DAUGHTER 6 Y/O GIRL
out
in
SMALL - MICRO UNIT
g
01
02
GRANDCHILD (SON OF MILLENIAL MOTHER
SINGLE DAD (NIGHTSHIFT WORKER)
HARVARD GSD - FALL 2017
AT HOME DURING THE DAY, DOGWALKER. UBER DRIVER IN EVENIGNS, WORKS LATE NIGHTS
02
D AY T I M E
The same process was repeated here with a new focus on comings and goings. Interestingly enough the groups formed by looking at patterns of occupancy did not correspond exactly to the groups that emerged as a result of analyzing comings and goings. This provided a second criteria for determining unseen patterns and groups that would ultimately result the variations and layout of units.
2
I
FLOOR HEIGHT VARIATION
II
COURTYARD DIVISION
III
///
STUDIO FARSHID MOUSSAVI
PLOT + PARCEL VARIATION
ANALYSIS OF VARIETY PRODUCED BY COMPARING FLOOR HEIGHT AND PARCEL TYPE IN HAUSSMANN BLOCK
S H O RT E S T
M A N S A R D
S H O RT E S T
U P P E R
L E V E L
M E D I U M
4 T H
F L O O R
M E D I U M
3 R D
F L O O R
TA L L E S T
S H O RT E S T
C O M M E R C I A L H E I G H T
P I A N O
N O B I L E
M E Z Z A N I N E E N T R E S O L
M E R C H A N T S H O P S
ANALYSIS OF FLOOR HEIGHT AND TRADITIONAL PROGRAM IN HAUSSMANN BLOCK
/
UNIT TYPES 3 + 4 UNIT TYPE 6 UNIT TYPE 1 UNIT TYPE 2 UNIT TYPE 5 SPACES OF EXCHANGE FOR RESIDENTS A
SPACES OF EXCHANGE W/ PUBLIC
A
A A A
A
A
BU
RG E
A
SS
PA R
K
A
BU
RG E
SS
A
PA R
FINAL MASSING + SECTIONAL AXONOMETRIC TO SHOW UNIT VARIATION
K
HARVARD GSD - FALL 2017
///
///
STUDIO FARSHID MOUSSAVI
Based on unit size, dimensions, layout, location within massing and internal flexibility , many different unit types can be produced from a small pool of variability. The factorization of units as a result of all options available allows for very unique and specific homes to be cultivated by residents, while still allowing for an organically generated community based on the different unseen patterns that exist between residents and families. In addition to providing for many different family types, this process allows for a great deal of variety within live-work and live-lease arrangements.
01
DETAIL MODEL
02
DETAIL MODEL
03
DETAIL MODEL
04
DETAIL MODEL
05
DETAIL MODEL
06
DETAIL MODEL
07
DETAIL MODEL
08
DETAIL MODEL
09
///
HARVARD GSD - FALL 2017
DETAIL MODEL
A physical model was produced to asses the different qualities of light in the scheme. As the model shows, there are essentially two open/semi-open spaces behind the facade which offer residents various degrees of privacy and different qualities of light. Glass (shown in plastic in the model) panels are operable so that residents can have some flexibility in determining which internal spaces are lit more acutely or dimly throughout the day. The operable facade adds another degree of customization so that residents have the maximum amount of flexibility and uniqueness between units.
B A S E C O C O M P O U N D I N F O R M A L S E T T L E M E N T
A N
///
STUDIO DAVID RUBIN, ROK OMAN, SPELA VIDECNIK
M A N I L A F U T U R E H A B I TAT I O N S :
The BASECO community in Metro Manila is one of the most economically and environmentally challenged urban
areas in the world. Originally used as a dumping site for the waste products of Manila’s public works projects, this neglected territory is now called home by more than 60,000 informal settlers originating from various rural parts of the Philippines. While the government has made an acknowledgment of this community and has attempted to provide some services, it is clear from new urban development plans that seek to construct a luxury center for Manila’s wealthiest elites in Manila Bay just beyond BASECO, that BASECO will not receive the large outside investment that could be critical to it’s improvement. If it is clear that BASECO will not receive resources or support from the outside, it becomes paramount that it successfully mobilizes the resources and assets it already possesses that go unused.
Our proposal seeks to provide
economic stability, environmental resilience, and social coherence in BASECO by efficiently managing the organic and inorganic waste that currently typifies the landscape of the territory. By deploying architectural and ecological interventions that facilitate energy production from human waste, provide safe and reliable building materials from recycled solid waste, and create local and dependable food sources by composting organic food waste, BASECO can not only become self-sufficient, it can become a prototypical solution for engaging the ever-expanding challenge of addressing urban slums in the developing world. levels
The of
short
term
efficiency
strategy through
focuses
on
comprehensive
creating waste
economic management
stability while
in the
BASECO longterm
by
promoting
strategy
puts
high an
emphasis on cultivating and endowing the residents of BASECO with the knowledge and skill set to venture out into other urban slums and perform the same transformative operations that allowed them to ameliorate their own community.
HARVARD GSD - SPRING 2018
///
01
SEMI - CONCRETE STRUCTURE
02
CONCRETE BLOCK STRUCTURE
03
SEMI - CONCRETE STRUCTURE
04
CONCRETE BLOCK STRUCTURE
05
SEMI - CONCRETE STRUCTURE
06
///
STUDIO DAVID RUBIN, ROK OMAN, SPELA VIDECNIK
CONCRETE BLOCK STRUCTURE
An analysis of housing typology based on materiality and dimensions of living space provided an inventory of available building resources and typical living arrangements as references to consider while transforming and upgrading these structures. The Filipino government is unable or unwilling to bear the full financial burden of upgrading these dwellings, so this inventory became a useful guide in determining what work could be done by the residents themselves and what work would require government intervention. In addition, this guide helped uncover what residents had greater means than others and helped identify ways in which residents with greater means could be forces for good within the larger community.
HARVARD GSD - SPRING 2018
/// 01
MAKESHIFT STRUCTURE
MAKESHIFT STRUCTURE
02
MAKESHIFT STRUCTURE
This typology belongs to those residents with the fewest means and resources who are also, perhaps unsurprisingly, the most numerous in the compound. Nearly two-thirds of the entire housing stock on the peninsula is composed of this typology.
03
01
SUPER - STRUCTURE
02
///
STUDIO DAVID RUBIN, ROK OMAN, SPELA VIDECNIK
EXISTING CONDITION
PARTITIONS
03
CLADDING
04
SCREENING
05
SECTION SHOWING WATER FILTRATION
06
An analysis of housing typology based on materiality and dimensions of living space provided an inventory of available building resources and typical living arrangements as references to consider while transforming and upgrading these structures. The Filipino government is unable or unwilling to bear the full financial burden of upgrading these dwellings, so this inventory became a useful guide in determining what work could be done by the residents themselves and what work would require government intervention. In addition, this guide helped uncover what residents had greater means than others and helped identify ways in which residents with greater means could be forces for good within the larger community.
EXISTING CONDITION
01
NEW SUPER - STRUCTURE
02
03
PARTITIONS
04
SCREENING
05
SECTION SHOWING WATER FILTRATION
06
An analysis of housing typology based on materiality and dimensions of living space provided an inventory of available building resources and typical living arrangements as references to consider while transforming and upgrading these structures. The Filipino government is unable or unwilling to bear the full financial burden of upgrading these dwellings, so this inventory became a useful guide in determining what work could be done by the residents themselves and what work would require government intervention. In addition, this guide helped uncover what residents had greater means than others and helped identify ways in which residents with greater means could be forces for good within the larger community.
HARVARD GSD - SPRING 2018
/// FLOOR + ROOF
CONCEPT FOR A NEW BASECO + SPATIAL STANDARDS FOR UPGRADING HOUSING
///
STUDIO DAVID RUBIN, ROK OMAN, SPELA VIDECNIK
Two strategies were developed; the first seeks to sequentially repair, improve, and upgrade the existing urban fabric with the help of a trained artisanal guild present on the peninsula. Plumbing and structure are controlled elements of the design, while the partitions are let to the residents to design and construct themselves without the help of skilled laborers.
EXISTING CONDITION
PHASE I
DELIVERY OF PREFAB SHOWER + BATHROOM + WATER COLLECTION UNIT
PHASE II
PHASE III
AUTO-CONSTRUCTION OF PARTITIONS BY BASECO RESIDENTS
PHASE IV
CULTIVATION OF COMMUNITY GARDENS FOR FOOD PRODUCTION
PHASE V
///
HARVARD GSD - SPRING 2018
CONSTRUCTION OF NEW ROOF + SUPERSTRUCTURE BY ESCUELA TAILLER
01
DETAIL MODEL
03
DETAIL MODEL
01
DETAIL MODEL
03
05
DETAIL MODEL
06
///
STUDIO DAVID RUBIN, ROK OMAN, SPELA VIDECNIK
DETAIL MODEL
DETAIL MODEL
04
DETAIL MODEL
The second strategy requires that the housing be totally redone in a way that complies with current building and life safety codes. The benefit of this scheme is that the cost is lower, the housing is less idiosyncratic and it allows for future growth. It can also be achieved in a sequential manner with a series of different phases, some of which the government must be responsible for.
A R C H I T E C T U R E
O F
WA S T E
///
Between 3.8 - 5.8 billion prescription pill containers were produced in the US alone in 2018 NEED CITATION.
These capsules are produced from thermoplastics that use the familiar amber pigmentation to counter UV degradation and have high resistance to heat. The design of the cylindrical form has excellent structural capacity and, in combination with safety features embedded in the cap design, is intended to be used intuitively while guarding against abuse or misuse by children or the uninformed. Despite this sophistication, the containers are typically used once, and discarded. Most often they are disposed of in the trash, rarely being recycled or reused, despite their ability to be reused almost indefinitely.
PillCyclo addresses this prodigious waste. Using design to champion reuse on an industrial level, PillCyclo attempts to disturb our complacency with disposable culture while simultaneously highlighting the merits of reuse over recycling. Through partnership with initiatives to safely and appropriately recover unused drugs, PillCyclo proposes using the dispersal of elegantly designed receptacles to properly discard one’s prescription medication and recover the prescription pill containers. Receptacles are made of a steel mesh into which the emptied-out pill container is inserted, after medication has been safely disposed of.
To promote awareness and education, the panels of the receptacles are removed and transformed into pavilions allowing the inherent qualities of the pill bottle to be augmented through light and materiality while providing an opportunity to foster a dialog about this ugly phenomenon of over prescribing medication and disposal.
As a final ambition, PillCyclo attempts to serve as a provocation to manufacturers, posing a question on the lack of conversation about industrial-level reuse in the US, especially considering that abundant examples exist in the Global South where people have been driven to reuse by less lofty motivations than climate change, resource depletion, and ecological responsibility. Ultimately, recycling is simply not a robust enough course of action to guard against the inexorable, destabilizing force that climate change and resource depletion will embody in the near future and new systems of exchange and reuse need to be invented.
STUDIO CAROLINE O'DONNELL
R E C Y C L O _ P I L L
Mixed Freight
Misc. Manufactured Goods
Printed Products
Agricultural (Non-Animal) Products Articles of Base Metals
Gasoline/Aviation NULL (MISC) 52,269,321,059lbs
(22,843,554 tons) 2%
18
Non-Metallic Mineral Products 6,484,309,426lbs
(22,843,554 tons) 1.8%
19
Basic Chemicals 6 , 3 2 9 , 1 4 7 , 0 11 l b s
(22,843,554 tons) 1.8%
20
6,122,499,992lbs
(22,843,554 tons) 1.7%
21
5,736,400,379lbs
(22,843,554 tons)
7,163,713,815lbs
1.6%
22
(22,843,554 tons) 1.6%
23
Transportation Equipment 5,002,638,902lbs
(22,843,554 tons) 1.4%
24
Wood Products 4,143,081,206lbs
(22,843,554 tons) 1.1%
Waste & Scrap Metals 3,619,592,374lbs
(22,843,554 tons) 0.9%
5,627,522,144lbs
Other Non-Metallic Mineral Products 389,227,555lbs
(22,843,554 tons) 0.08%
Cereal Grains Animal & Fish (Live) 281,216,829lbs
(22,843,554 tons) (22,843,554 tons) 0.08%
(22,843,554 tons) (22,843,554 tons) 0.05%
(22,843,554 tons) (22,843,554 tons) 0.04%
Natural Sands 173,518,906lbs
SCTG SURPRESSED 153,273,127lbs 2 11 , 8 6 4 , 3 1 3 l b s
Grave & Crushed Stone Fertilizers 138,415,084lbs
Monumental Stone Metallic Ores & Concentrates 99,866,626lbs
(22,843,554 tons) (22,843,554 tons) 0.03%
62,650,303lbs
Logs & Woods in the Rough 4,203,552lbs
(22,843,554 tons) 0.001%
11 7 , 4 3 0 , 1 4 5 l b s
(26,134,660 tons)
Milled Grain Products 3,172,788,335lbs
(22,843,554 tons)
Paper Products 2,907,081,103lbs
(22,843,554 tons)
+
15%
Pulp & Newsprint 2,563,431,927lbs
(22,843,554 tons)
Tobacco Products 1,541,586,108lbs
(22,843,554 tons) 0.4%
Animal Feed & Products (Honey, Eggs...) 1,231,975,073lbs
(22,843,554 tons) 0.09% 0.9%
0.8%
0.7%
0.08%
0.04%
0.03%
0.02%
+ SP R I N G
+ 26 5
6
Pharmaceutical Products 45,687,108,030lbs
(22,843,554 tons) 13%
2
Electronics 37,757,569,277lbs
(18,878,784 tons) 10%
3
Machinery 24,502,948,410lbs
(22,843,554 tons) 7%
4
22,975,668,350lbs
(22,843,554 tons)
3
6.5%
5
Textiles 20,916,212,282lbs
(22,843,554 tons) 6%
6
Motorized Vehicles 1 5 , 11 8 , 2 6 2 , 5 0 4 l b s
(22,843,554 tons) 4.3%
7
Precision Instruments 14,730,443,703lbs
(22,843,554 tons) 4.2%
Prepared Foodstuffs 13,554,745,196lbs
(22,843,554 tons) 3.9%
9
Meat, Poultry, Fish... 13,188,699,663lbs
(22,843,554 tons) 3.7%
10
Chemical Products 13,093,535,578lbs
(22,843,554 tons) 3.7%
11
Fuel & Oils 1 0 , 5 4 5 , 1 0 4 , 6 11 l b s
(22,843,554 tons) 3%
12
Plastics & Rubbers 9,465,595,898lbs
(22,843,554 tons) 2.7%
13
Base Metals 9,079,283,376lbs
(22,843,554 tons) 2.6%
14
Furniture & Mattresses 8,575,574,420lbs
(22,843,554 tons) 2.4%
15
Newsprint 8,575,574,420lbs
(22,843,554 tons) 2.4%
16
8,014,018,039lbs
(22,843,554 tons) 2.3%
17
25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41
+
S U MME R
+
17
28
13 14 18
10 21
9
39 19 25
30
38
33
32 37
4
12 20 22 11 2
+
+
PAPER & CARDBOARD
1
27 31
15 16 23 24
+
6
2
5
3
4
CONSTRUCTION & DEMOLITION
7
35
WINTER 13,484,531,069LBS IN
4
36
1
REFUSE & LANDFILL
N/A
1,098,926,877LBS OUT
METALS, GLASS & PLASTICS 52,303,853,813LBS IN
1
TEXTILES
3
8
E - WASTE
34
2
ORGANICS
1 11,332,622,355LBS IN
5
8%
767,423,719LBS OUT
1.5%
20,916,212,282LBS IN
2%
411,309,375LBS OUT
37,482,572,572LBS IN
3.5%
8
1,347,752,544LBS OUT
52,488,012,980LBS IN
>1%
23,170,714LBS OUT
2.5%
POTENTIALLY LANDFILLED MATERIALS
A mapping of New York City’s urban metabolism revealed that pharmaceutical products are one of the biggest imports in terms of shear volume. Without a clear corresponding category in terms of recyclable waste streams, the packaging of pharmaceutical imports in NYC end up mostly in landfills. As the diagram below illustrates, without intervention most pharmaceutical packaging plastics typically go unrecyled, despite the lasting integrity of the materials. INSTITUTIONAL RECYCLING COLLECTED BY DEPARTMENT OF SANITATION NY
(997tons)
(997tons)
(997tons) (1056tons) (917tons)
(997tons)
(997tons) (1056tons) (917tons)
(997tons) (1056tons)
(997tons) (1056tons) (917tons)
(997tons) (1056tons) (917tons)
(997tons) (1056tons)
(997tons)
(997tons) (1056tons) (917tons)
14,784,000lbs 12,838,000lbs 1,139,000lbs
PA P E R M,G & P ORGANIC
(81tons)
(917tons)
(1056tons)
(997tons)
(81tons)
(1056tons)
REFUSE
(917tons) 1,139,000lbs 13,664,440lbs
ORGANIC
14,784,000lbs
(997tons)
(81tons)
12,838,000lbs
PA P E R
(997tons) (1056tons) (917tons) (81tons)
M,G & P
1,139,000lbs 13,664,440lbs
13,664,440lbs 14,784,000lbs
REFUSE
12,838,000lbs ORGANIC
M,G & P
ORGANIC REFUSE
1,139,000lbs
M,G & P
PA P E R
14,784,000lbs 12,838,000lbs
PA P E R
(81tons)
(917tons)
(1056tons)
1,139,000lbs 13,664,440lbs
REFUSE
13,664,440lbs
ORGANIC
14,784,000lbs
REFUSE
(997tons) (1056tons) (917tons) (81tons)
12,838,000lbs
ORGANIC
PA P E R
1,139,000lbs
M,G & P
M,G & P
14,784,000lbs 12,838,000lbs
PA P E R
(81tons)
(917tons) 1,139,000lbs 13,664,440lbs
14,784,000lbs
REFUSE
12,838,000lbs ORGANIC
M,G & P
PA P E R
(997tons)
(81tons)
(917tons)
(1056tons)
1,139,000lbs 13,664,440lbs
REFUSE
13,664,440lbs
ORGANIC
14,784,000lbs
REFUSE
(997tons) (1056tons) (917tons) (81tons)
12,838,000lbs
ORGANIC
PA P E R
1,139,000lbs
M,G & P
M,G & P
14,784,000lbs 12,838,000lbs
PA P E R
(81tons)
(1056tons)
REFUSE
(917tons) 1,139,000lbs 13,664,440lbs
ORGANIC
14,784,000lbs
(997tons)
(81tons)
(917tons)
(1056tons)
(997tons)
(81tons)
(917tons)
(1056tons)
(997tons)
(81tons)
12,838,000lbs
PA P E R
(997tons) (1056tons) (917tons) (81tons)
M,G & P
1,139,000lbs 13,664,440lbs
13,664,440lbs 14,784,000lbs
REFUSE
12,838,000lbs ORGANIC
M,G & P
ORGANIC REFUSE
1,139,000lbs
M,G & P
PA P E R
14,784,000lbs 12,838,000lbs
PA P E R
1,139,000lbs 13,664,440lbs
13,664,440lbs 14,784,000lbs
REFUSE
12,838,000lbs ORGANIC
PA P E R
ORGANIC
M,G & P
1,139,000lbs
M,G & P
REFUSE
14,784,000lbs 12,838,000lbs
PA P E R
(81tons)
(1056tons)
REFUSE
(917tons) 1,139,000lbs 13,664,440lbs
ORGANIC
14,784,000lbs
(997tons)
(81tons)
12,838,000lbs
PA P E R
(997tons) (1056tons) (917tons) (81tons)
M,G & P
1,139,000lbs 13,664,440lbs
13,664,440lbs 14,784,000lbs
REFUSE
12,838,000lbs ORGANIC
M,G & P
ORGANIC REFUSE
1,139,000lbs
M,G & P
PA P E R
14,784,000lbs 12,838,000lbs
PA P E R
(81tons)
(917tons) 1,139,000lbs 13,664,440lbs
13,664,440lbs 14,784,000lbs
REFUSE
12,838,000lbs
REFUSE
(997tons) (1056tons) (917tons) (81tons)
ORGANIC
ORGANIC
PA P E R
1,139,000lbs
M,G & P
M,G & P
14,784,000lbs 12,838,000lbs
PA P E R
(81tons)
(1056tons)
REFUSE
(917tons) 1,139,000lbs 13,664,440lbs
ORGANIC
14,784,000lbs
(997tons)
(81tons)
12,838,000lbs
PA P E R
(997tons) (1056tons) (917tons) (81tons)
M,G & P
1,139,000lbs 13,664,440lbs
13,664,440lbs 14,784,000lbs
REFUSE
12,838,000lbs ORGANIC
M,G & P
ORGANIC REFUSE
1,139,000lbs
M,G & P
PA P E R
14,784,000lbs 12,838,000lbs
PA P E R
(81tons)
(917tons)
(1056tons)
1,139,000lbs 13,664,440lbs
REFUSE
13,664,440lbs
ORGANIC
14,784,000lbs
REFUSE
(997tons) (1056tons) (917tons) (81tons)
12,838,000lbs
ORGANIC
PA P E R
1,139,000lbs
M,G & P
M,G & P
14,784,000lbs 12,838,000lbs
PA P E R
(81tons)
(1056tons)
REFUSE
(917tons) 1,139,000lbs 13,664,440lbs
ORGANIC
14,784,000lbs
(997tons)
(81tons)
12,838,000lbs
PA P E R
(997tons) (1056tons) (917tons) (81tons)
M,G & P
1,139,000lbs 13,664,440lbs
13,664,440lbs 14,784,000lbs
REFUSE
12,838,000lbs ORGANIC
M,G & P
ORGANIC REFUSE
1,139,000lbs
M,G & P
PA P E R
14,784,000lbs 12,838,000lbs
PA P E R
(81tons)
(917tons)
(1056tons)
1,139,000lbs 13,664,440lbs
REFUSE
13,664,440lbs
ORGANIC
14,784,000lbs
REFUSE
(997tons) (1056tons) (917tons) (81tons)
12,838,000lbs
ORGANIC
PA P E R
1,139,000lbs
M,G & P
(997tons) (1056tons) (917tons) (81tons)
M,G & P
14,784,000lbs 12,838,000lbs
PA P E R
1,139,000lbs 13,664,440lbs
14,784,000lbs 12,838,000lbs
REFUSE
M,G & P ORGANIC
PA P E R
(81tons)
(917tons)
(1056tons)
1,139,000lbs 13,664,440lbs
REFUSE
13,664,440lbs
ORGANIC
3
RESIDENTIAL RECYCLING COLLECTED BY DEPARTMENT OF SANITATION NY
(997tons) (1056tons) (917tons) (81tons)
14,784,000lbs
REFUSE
(997tons) (1056tons) (917tons) (81tons)
12,838,000lbs
ORGANIC
(997tons) (1056tons) (917tons) (81tons)
PA P E R
1,139,000lbs
M,G & P
(997tons) (1056tons) (917tons) (81tons)
M,G & P
14,784,000lbs 12,838,000lbs
PA P E R
1,139,000lbs 13,664,440lbs
14,784,000lbs 12,838,000lbs
M,G & P
REFUSE
PA P E R
ORGANIC
1,139,000lbs 13,664,440lbs
13,664,440lbs
REFUSE
14,784,000lbs
ORGANIC
12,838,000lbs
ORGANIC
M,G & P
M,G & P
REFUSE
1,139,000lbs
PA P E R
PA P E R
13,664,440lbs 14,784,000lbs 12,838,000lbs
REFUSE
WE E K LY O U T G O IN G
2
///
I N C OM I N G >>
1
POTENTIALLY USED MATERIALS
STUDIO CAROLINE O'DONNELL
0 4
281,711,735LBS OUT
40
1
7
OTHER
NEW YORK CITY URBAN METABOLISM MAPPING
HARVARD GSD - FALL 2018
/// NYC WASTE CHARACTERIZATION
01
NYC WASTE PRODUCTION PER DAY
02
Further analysis of NYC’s waste production and streams show varying degrees of efficiency in plastic recycling rates across the city, with districts closest to waste transfer station or dumps performing more poorly than districts far removed from them. Additionally, the correlation between high rates of trash production and high rates of recycling is made clear.
01
CLOSED + FULL
03
OPEN + FULL
02
///
STUDIO CAROLINE O'DONNELL
CLOSED + EMPTY
OPEN + EMPTY
04
FRONT TORQUED
02
03
BACK TORQUED
04
///
01
BACK DEFAULT
In response to New York’s less than stellar plastic recycling rates, and the knowledge that pharmaceutical products comprise the bulk of imports into New York City, the project sought to develop a container for the recollection of pill capsules in pharmacies. These containers can be disassembled into architectural components that can be reconfigured into a pavilion to celebrate National Drug Take-back Day. Rather than creating a new market or a new behavior, it makes use of a per-existing market and behavioral tendency. These drawings show how the container might be disassembled into architectural panels that have enough flex to be torqued into unique shapes.
HARVARD GSD - FALL 2018
FRONT DEFAULT
///
STUDIO CAROLINE O'DONNELL TEMPORARY PAVILION AXO
Ultimately what results is a malleable and flexible temporary pavilion that grows in proportion to the number of pill capsules collected per cycle . As an added feature, the temporary pavilion also provides information on alternative treatment options for certain ailments. As an example, because of their UV resistance and particular color, the pill capsules can be used in a form of light therapy that can be used to treat Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD). Using the same mechanisms through which SAD lights treat the disorder, the light therapy at the temporary pavilion becomes a healing feature of the project while also simultaneously promoting strategies that counteract both the over-prescription of drugs and the waste of the associated plastic materials that accompany those prescriptions. In terms of structure, the pavilion is composed of what are essentially four torqued cones, two with their larger base on the ground and two with their larger base in the air, The cones are bound together using a series of clamps and their bases and sets of sables on between, This creates two larger spaces for general information concerning alternative healing and treatment options for diseases and disorders treatable without prescription drugs. In addition, two smaller spaces are created for the purpose of more focused and individual light therapies. On average, 20 min, sessions of light therapy are sufficient to treat SAD in many of its sufferers.
01
DETAIL MODEL
02
DETAIL MODEL
03
DETAIL MODEL
04
DETAIL MODEL
05
DETAIL MODEL
///
HARVARD GSD - FALL 2018
DETAIL MODEL
06
DETAIL MODEL
07
Here, a detail model shows the scale and atmosphere of one the smaller spaces intended for light therapy. Panels produced using flexible 3D prints are bound together using piano wire to create a conical shape that gives stability and structure.
02
01
DETAIL MODEL
03
05
DETAIL MODEL
06
///
STUDIO CAROLINE O'DONNELL
DETAIL MODEL
DETAIL MODEL
DETAIL MODEL
04
DETAIL MODEL
Another detail model shows the actual fabrication and operation of a panel meant to be used to recollect pill capsules. 1/8’ steel wire was cut and welded to produce a custom grid sized to hold prescription pill capsules of three different lengths but equal diameters. These panels are held in place by two threaded rods that screw into a base plate at the ground level.
A C A S E F O R T H E E M T R A D I T I O N A L K N O W L C O M M U N I T I E S I N T H E C L I M AT E C H
TO
P O W E R M E N T O F E D G E - B A S E D F I G H T A G A I N S T A N G E
By inserting productive ecological systems into existing mega infrastructure, this project seeks to address a series of urban issues that the city of Mumbai is facing, while simultaneously offering economic opportunity and upward social mobility to the Koliwada communities. Its objectives are many, but chief concerns and considerations include environmental repair and stewardship that prepare Mumbai for the more extreme effects of climate change, sanitation infrastructure(s) that adapt to different scales, increased and equitable public access to some of Mumbai’s waterfront spaces, and the re-branding of Mumbai’s Koliwada communities through a transformation of their livelihoods and activities. To achieve these goals, infrastructure must be multi-functional, ecological systems must be productive and protective, and the Koliwada communities must be repositioned as an asset to the city instead of a relic of its pre-colonial past.
As a second motivation, this project attempts to highlight the positive potential energy of leveraging the traditional knowledge (TK) of indigenous groups, whose enduring engagement and experience with their environs make them overwhelmingly well-suited allies in the fight to save those environs from the adverse effects of climate change. A willingness to deploy innovative technologies according to strategies co-developed using leading climate change research and the traditional knowledge bases of communities with high degrees of familiarity with natural systems, allows for a new approach to sustainable design. In this case, knowledge of fish species, their habitats, associated flora and the ecosystems to which they are attached, and economic models that respect the ecological ceiling determined by this particular region, are all knowledge bases already developed by the Mahim Koliwada fishermen and their counterparts. Leveraging these knowledge bases is a core concept of the project.
STUDIO RAHUL MEHROTRA
///
F R O M P R O T E C T E D P R O T E C TO R
ANALYSIS OF MAHIM AND WORLI KOL
LL
///
STUDIO RAHUL MEHROTRA
SMA
COMPOSITE PROFILE OF FISHING ECONOMY
Due in part to over fishing by commercial trawlers, and acute environmental degradation as a result of poor and in some cases missing waste management, the fishing economy of the Koliwadas and the Mahim has become severely impaired. In order to best understand how to buoy theSTU economy AIMEKoliwada VAILES in- particular MACARIE 1504: Extreme Urba while simultaneously laying the foundation for new waste management infrastructure, a composite profile of several of the fishing villages fishing and non-fishing economies was constructed. Here we see that fishing activity ends during the reign of the monsoon. We also see that each species of ship has its own associated equipment requirements, technical specifications and value in the fishing economy,. This information, taken alongside information concerning the ability of this region to produce these fish, provides a partial blueprint for how to restructure the functioning of the Koliwadas in such a way where livelihood and environmental well-being
ILE
IT
IN
VE
RKS
HO
SHO P ALS MAT ERI
P
ON CTI GE NE RA LS TO RE
NST RU CO
5
L ICA
D
ME
80%
10
c
11
WINE
12
21 AI EP
14
IUM NS
E
SER VICE
S
SER VIC DRY
S
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&L
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TR
ING
S
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OR
SE
UD
MA
AS
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MUSICIA
G SCHO
STRA /
TAI L
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DO
OF
CL
P
EN
HC
UTY
BEA
ALT
16
HE
15
DRIVIN
17 NOTARY & LEGAL WORKS
///
18 ORCHE
19
G
SHO
EN
PR
IN
O OT
/
TO R
PH
R
AT V
TU
13
20
ME
SHOP
FUTURE CUSTOMS OFFICE (GOV)
A
WORKSHOPS
A
COMPOSITE PROFILE OF NON - FISHING ECONOMY
In addition to a robust fishing economy, the Mahim and Worli Koliwadas boast 5 economic sectors outside of fishing with a possibility of 33 different livelihood-generating activities. 80% of the community is engaged in on or more U 1504: ExtremeofUrbanism 6 05 . 07 . 2019 these 5 sectors meaning even those villagers who are engaged in fishing, also seek to generate a livelihood outside of the fishing economy. This is tremendously encouraging. These 33 alternative livelihood practices highlight domains that could be crucial in the transitioning process that will inevitably occur as these fishing communities continue to modernize and urbanize. Alternative livelihoods could prove invaluable as a means of lessening the economic pressure on fishing as the site, its inhabitants, and their activities change in order to introduce high tech waste management infrastructure . Based on this information, the project began position Mahim Bay, the bay upon which these two fishing villages sit, as an urban aquaculture and agriculture farm.
HARVARD GSD - SPRING 2019
19%
17% R
CA
GARMENT
b
RO
E BL
9
33 ALTERNATIVE LIVELIHOODS
22
T NE
ELECTRONICS SHOP
8
of community engaged in these activities
d
R
TORE
LL JEWE
7
5 ECONOMIC SECTORS
AIR EP
E
R STO
ERY S
14%
AX ED T
T
ICK
YT ER
6
23
VICE I SER
EC
SPICE SHO
36%
24
Y USTR
S NIC
S ET
TT
a
14%
P
HO
LO
27
25
FOO
EL
4
26
ERVICE D TIFFIN S
R SHA
3
e
AKING
STATUE MAKING
SM
2
29
OR
P
1
30
T
28
ENT M
SC ALL-
IS
ND
G
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IND ALE
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RU
ND
AUT OM
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OR
33
32
31
SCRAP MART SHOP
EN
ICE JU
ET
AN
FL
TALL
ON
RE
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UT S
V OD FO
M LE
ST
TA B
NDOR BAKER ITEMS VE
EET
S/
GE
S P RO
STR
AA CH
VE
TRADING
HIM AND WORLI KOLIWADAS ECONOMIES
ANALYSIS ANALYSIS OF OFMAHIM MAHIM BAY BAYSURFACE SURFACE WATER WATER CURRENTS CURRENTSAND AND BATHYMETRY BATHYMETRY
01
BATHEMETRY JUNE 2018
02
Integrated Multi-Trophic Aquaponics (IMTA)were chosen as a process through which to clean Mahim Bay as well as to bolster the AIME AIME VAILES VAILES -- MACARIE MACARIE STU STU 1504: 1504: Extreme Extreme Urbanism Urbanism 66 05 05 .. 07 07 for .. 2019 2019 local economy. IMTA relies on the use of water currents to move outputs from one stage of the system to become inputs A VISION FOR MAHIM BAY another part of the system. To better plan the site, a bathymetrical study of the bay was completed, looking at shifts in water current patterns locally and over extended periods of time.
///
STUDIO RAHUL MEHROTRA
BATHEMETRY 2000 -2018
MAHIM BAY MASTER-PLANNING STRATEGY AIME VAILES - MACARIE
STU 1504: Extreme Urbanism 6
05 . 07 . 2019
The master-plan for the bay is composed of several parts; (1) a water treatment plant at the base of the Mithri River, (2) a public park + mangrove nursery above the water treatment plant, (3) a series of closed-system aquaponic units that attach to an existing infrastructure [the sea link], (4) two smaller ovular plots for closed-system aquaponics of different species, (5) a series of ferry posts to ease the process of travel through the bay and to alleviate pressure and congestion on the sea link. Underpinning the design of the master-plan is the motivation to promote better integration of the formal city , its infrastructure and communities, with the Koli lands, their people and their way of life. The master-plan attempts to blend two worlds, formal and informal, modern and traditional, natural and constructed.
IMTA AQUAPONIC FARM CONNECTION TO SEA LINK
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CONNECTION TO EXISTING MEGA INFRASTRUCTURE STU 1504: Extreme 6 Koliwada fishermen arrive by boat to these 05 . floating 07 . 2019 Here an example of the (3) closed-system aquaponic units is Urbanism shown. units where fish waste is used to grow vegetables and legumes that require more highly regulated growing conditions. A NEW PUBLIC WATERFRONT FOR THE CITY OF MUMBAI These units also have seasonal gardens with rotating offerings, an example of the different but rhythmic growing cycles present .
AIME VAILES - MACARIE
AIME VAILES - MACARIE
STU 1504: Extreme Urbanism 6
05 . 07 . 2019
A water treatment plant is embedded within a public amenity - a mangrove nursery + park. The water treatment plant occupies a series of pools that clean water as it moves from the river through the bay to the open ocean. The pools are framed from above by a series of walkways that become the ordering system for the park. Gradually, the water treatment plant gives way to a cluster of closed-system aquaponic units that make use of the newly purified water. The public park above transcends boundaries, extending over both the water treatment plant and the cluster of aquaponic units.. This allows for the bonus feature of the park - it works as an explanatory instrument, explaining the ecological processes at work to a larger public. This bonus feature works to advance a shift in identity and perception between the Koliwada fishermen and the residents of Mumbai.
HARVARD GSD - SPRING 2019
/// WATER TREATMENT PLANT + PUBLIC PARK + MANGROVE NURSERY
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STUDIO RAHUL MEHROTRA
A NETWORK OF WESTERN COASTAL KOLIWADAS
A CITY - WIDE NETWORK OF KOLIWADA FISHING VILLAGES ILES - MACARIE STU 1504: Extreme Urbanism 6
As a final aspiration, it was intended that the project be conceptualized as a prototypical solution for the Koliwada Fishing communities throughout Mumbai, not simply in Mahim and Worli. To achieve this vision, a plan to network several different Koliwadas with varying levels of success across the Wester coast of Mumbai was initiated, with the Mahim Bay site serving as a central node. The Koliwadas have found substantial political power as a bloc, being able to unite their voices to form a large enough political unit not to be ignored. The ambition to link them commercially was developed following the premise that where political unity had brought greater agency, so too might commercial unity. In addition, being that part of the prototype involves repair of the environment for the gain of the fishermen and Mumbai as a whole, rolling the prototype out over a larger swath of Koliwada territory also meant increasing the volume of degraded environment repaired . A boon for the Koliwadas as a whole and the resiliency of the city of Mumbai. This plan shows how the Koliwadas might unify commercially using existing plans to bolster infrastructure in Mumbai. By preparing in advance for the expansion of the existing transportation infrastructure, the Koliwadas can develop a sophisticated commercial network without incurring tremendous cost. By planning to grow alongside the expansions of the subway, the development of water transportation and the extension of the sea link, the Koliwadas can highlight the potential multi-functionality of these presently mono-functional infrastructures. As a last ecological consideration, this map shows current land use patterns that deviate dramatically from historical records. As part of the prototype also involves the re-cultivation of mangrove forests to strengthen shorelines, deploying the prototype across many of the Koliwadas has the added benefit of restoring the natural ecology to a much larger portion of Mumbai’s shoreline. Over time, this feature can help gradually return land use patterns to more environmentally considerate levels.
05 . 07
DETAIL MODEL
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DETAIL MODEL
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DETAIL MODEL
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DETAIL MODEL
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DETAIL MODEL
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This detail model shows the design of the timber framing for the closed-system aquaponic units. The IMTA unit is represented by the circular mechanism at the front of the model. These are the elements whose placement is highly dependent on the directionality and force of the various water currents within the bay. Interior photographs show a split level, with greenhouse functions located on the top level and closed-system aquaponics occurring on the lower level.
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DETAIL MODEL
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DETAIL MODEL
Here, photographs of the detail model show how it connects to and engages with the surrounding context. Docked along the Sea Link’s piers, these units float while also being additionally anchored to the sea floor at the base of the bay. Again, details of the timber connections are shown to demonstrate how they might be assembled and disassembled - a key feature contributing to their flexibility.
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SAMUEL NAGEOTTE + JEAN NOUVEL
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S A M U E L N A G E O T T E J E A N N O U V E L
AXONOMETRY
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SAMUEL NAGEOTTE + JEAN NOUVEL
PARIS, FRANCE - SUMMER 2018
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AXONOMETRY
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AXO SOUS - SOL AVEC UN CONCERT
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SAMUEL NAGEOTTE + JEAN NOUVEL
AXO SOUS - SOL AVEC DES VOITURES
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PARIS, FRANCE - SUMMER 2018
AXO REZ DE CHAUSEE
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SAMUEL NAGEOTTE + JEAN NOUVEL
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B I E N N A L E
S A N I TAT I O N A N D E Q U I T Y R M A A R C H I T E C T S
Public health will continue to be one of the biggest global challenges of the coming decades. While politicians and engineers are addressing this issue with grand visions, designers have been largely absent from the debates. Here, the engagement of architecture can go way beyond buildings to more systemic thinking about how the design of infrastructure and policy can ensure access to potable water, waste disposal and sanitation as central provisions of effective health systems. What is normally a site-specific engineering function can be expanded through social, cultural and economic lenses to address issues of gross inequity. It is the inclusive, broad-based design thinking of architecture and urban design that can bring these solutions to bear.
RMA Architects realizes projects for government and non-government agencies, corporations, private individuals and institutions, with a commitment to advocacy in the city of Mumbai, India. Sanitation and Equity is an ongoing research project consisting of: a mapping of the landscape of sanitation issues in Mumbai and globally; exploration of social, technical and cultural challenges surrounding sanitation infrastructure; and potential design and planning solutions. Complementing this research is the work of a spring of 2019 design studio at Harvard Graduate School of Design which looked at the specific needs of a fishing community in Mumbai.
This exhibition is an attempt to represent the crisis of sanitation both globally and within India and Mumbai with the intent of propelling a rethinking of the issue. The problem of sanitation is broader than a need for more toilets; it includes diverse social, cultural, technological, economic and environmental factors. The exhibition situates this ecology through four parts: Sanitation Inequity in the World, The Ecology of Sanitation, Sanitation Inequity in India and Mumbai and Sanitation in Film.
CHICAGO BIENNALE EXHIBITION
C H I C A G O
SANITATION IN AN UNEQUAL WORLD 80 E 100 E 120 E 140 E 160 E 180 E
180 W 160 W 140 W 120 W 100 W
80 W 60 W
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80 E 100 E 120 E 140 E 160 E 180 E ARCTIC OCEAN
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INDIAN OCEAN
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80 E 100 E 120 E 140 E 160 E 180 E
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SOUTHERN OCEAN
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INDIAN OCEAN
SOUTH PACIFIC OCEAN
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SOUTHERN OCEAN
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SOUTH ATLANTIC OCEAN
20 S
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Lp
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BAY OF BENGAL
EQUATOR
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SOUTH PACIFIC OCEAN
180 W 160 W 140 W 120 W 100 W
20 N
PHILIPPINE SEA
BAY OF BENGAL
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Ki
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20 N
ARABIAN SEA
ARABIAN SEA
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SOUTH ATLANTIC OCEAN
40 N
GULF OF MEXICO
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EQUATOR
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RMA ARCHITECTS
60 E
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40 E
NORTH ATLANTIC OCEAN
NORTH PACIFIC OCEAN
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Te Pa
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LABRADOR SEA
GULF OF ALASKA
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GULF OF MEXICO
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60 N
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NORTH ATLANTIC OCEAN
PHILIPPINE SEA
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ARCTIC OCEAN
LABRADOR SEA
GULF OF ALASKA
NORTH PACIFIC OCEAN
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BEAUFORT SEA
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180 W 160 W 140 W 120 W 100 W
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Cholera Outbreaks and Importations
WORLD’S LARGEST CONTIGUOUS SLUMS
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4.0 2.5 1.5 1.0 0.6
CHOLERA ENDEMICS AND IMPORTATIONS Areas Reporting Cholera Outbreak
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Areas Reporting Imported Cases of Cholera
(population in millions)
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ARCTIC OCEAN
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ARABIAN SEA
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INDIAN OCEAN
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Non Endemic or no ongoing Malaria Transmission
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Tokyo $2500B
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3000 - 9999 (relatively sufficient)
more than 10,000 (plentiful)
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no data
80 E 100 E 120 E 140 E 160 E 180 E ARCTIC OCEAN
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60 N LABRADOR SEA
GULF OF ALASKA
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ARABIAN SEA
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NORTH ATLANTIC OCEAN
NORTH PACIFIC OCEAN
40 N
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GULF OF MEXICO
Shanghai $2000B
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PHILIPPINE SEA ARABIAN SEA
Hong Kong $1300B
BAY OF BENGAL
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Mumbai $955B
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fewer than 1000 (water scarcity)
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Beijing $2200B
SOUTH ATLANTIC OCEAN
1000 - 1699 (water stress)
1700 - 2999 (insufficient water)
BEAUFORT SEA
Paris $860B
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WATER STRESS 04 80 E 100 E 120 E 140 E 160 E 180 E
ARCTIC OCEAN
Frankfurt $912B
New York $3000B
GULF OF MEXICO
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NORTH ATLANTIC OCEAN
Los Angeles $1400B
PHILIPPINE SEA
Insufficient Data to assess trends
80 E 100 E 120 E 140 E 160 E 180 E
London $2700B
Toronto $944B
GULF OF ALASKA
NORTH PACIFIC OCEAN
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Increase in Incidence since 2000
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Annual Renewable Water Sources. Cubic Meters per Capita
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SF - Bay Area $2300B
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PROJECTED MALARIA RATES Less than 50% change in incidence projected for 2015
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Malaria Incidence Rates by Country, 2000 - 2015
On track for 50%-75% decrease in incidence by 2015
INDIAN OCEAN
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20 N BAY OF BENGAL
EQUATOR
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PHILIPPINE SEA
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Chicago $988B
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ARABIAN SEA
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BAY OF BENGAL
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PHILIPPINE SEA
On track for >75% decrease in incidence by 2015
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GULF OF MEXICO
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Cases reduced to 0 since 2000
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LABRADOR SEA
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GULF OF MEXICO
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GULF OF ALASKA
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LABRADOR SEA
GULF OF ALASKA
NORTH PACIFIC OCEAN
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BEAUFORT SEA
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BEAUFORT SEA
EQUATOR
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BAY OF BENGAL
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Singapore $1000B
INDIAN OCEAN
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SOUTH ATLANTIC OCEAN
20 S
INDIAN OCEAN
20 S
Sydney $1000B
40 S
SOUTH PACIFIC OCEAN
40 S
SOUTHERN OCEAN
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80 S 180 W 160 W 140 W 120 W 100 W
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60 S
80 E 100 E 120 E 140 E 160 E 180 E
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USD 5000 USD 25,000
less than USD 5000
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Percentage of Five Year-Old Children who are Underweight for their Age
PUBLIC / PRIVATE WEALTH USD 25,000 USD 100,000
60 S
80 S
Wealth per Adult in USD
more than USD 100,000
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SOUTHERN OCEAN
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Wealthiest Cities by Private Wealth Held
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MALNUTRITION IN CHILDREN UNDER AGE 5 more than 40%
30% - 39%
20% - 29%
10% - 19%
fewer than 10%
problems with food supply or access
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This map compiles regions facing water stress, malnutrition, outbreaks of cholera and malaria, and the locations of the world’s largest contiguous slums. When the different domains of global public health crises are overlaid their correlation reinforces the inequity that exists between the majority world - where 18% of the world’s economy and 84% percent of the population resides - and minority world. More devastating than the correlations they show are the relationships they do not. In many of the cases above, the severity of certain domains is exacerbated by the presence of another domain. As an example, areas where children under age 5 are battling with malnutrition are also, unsurprisingly, dealing with water stress. This shows that water stress and malnutrition are somewhat linked, however it doesn’t establish how. In regions battling water stress, hygienic practices like hand-washing, bathing... are typically abandoned to save precious water. This helps set the stage for malnutrition while also opening up the same community to a variety of potential public health crises.
CHICAGO, ILLINOIS SEPT 2019 - JANUARY 2020
Sanitation is not a single domain, rather an ecology of interdependencies.
If a woman in the majority world does not have access to clean water piped into her home... ...she walks an average of 3.7 miles to get water. ...she spends more time fetching water than on her education. ...her children are uneducated. ...the probability that her children will die before reaching age 5 increases. If she and her children face malnutrition as a result of lack of access to clean, safe water and waste management, she and her children... ...face a greater susceptibility to disease. ...are not able to perform in school or in employment. ...will not likely ever escape the extreme poverty into which they were born. ...will be without the means to secure access to clean water and waste management services for themselves and their families. This woman is representative of the majority of the 736 million people living in extreme poverty throughout the world today. How does the lens of sanitation change how we engage with the issue of equity?
SANITATION ECOLOGY
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To better elucidate the myriad relationships that occur across domains, this diagram and statement were conceived. Together , they unpack some of the complex relationships that exist between the domains classically thought of as pertaining to sanitation, as well as some others that are not typically thought to belong. For example, there are some striking patterns that emerge once gender, cultural / religious practice and economy are brought into conversation. In places where clean and safe water is not pumped into households, women usually constitute the human infrastructure that fills the gap. When they do so, their educations are typically compromised. Women who are educated typically have fewer children than those who are not, meaning that women who spend less time on their educations usually have more children. In these extreme circumstances, more children can mean a greater demand on resources that are already scarce,. This in turn means that those children will have to travel greater distances to secure the resources their livelihoods demand. Ultimately, it becomes unlikely that they will attain greater education than their mother, and in this way the cycle of poverty and poor health is renewed.
RMA ARCHITECTS THE STATE OF SANITATION IN INDIA (MALNUTRITION, OPEN DEFECATION, AND SOLID WASTE)
MAHARASHTRA
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UTTAR PRADESH 02
CHICAGO, ILLINOIS SEPT 2019 - JANUARY 2020
THE STATE OF SANITATION IN INDIA (CHOLERA, WATER STRESS, AND ACCESS TO IMPROVED SANITATION)
MAHARASHTRA
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UTTAR PRADESH 02
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EXHIBIT PHOTO
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RMA ARCHITECTS
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Visitors to the exhibit are encouraged to view the material as evidence that growing global inequity produces potential public health crises that lie in wait like ticking time bombs. Rather than further fortify the wealthy part of the world from the ills of the poor world, addressing inequities at their source can not only improve the quality of life where life is hard, but also help maintain peace where life is easy.
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Ultimately, the exhibit demands that architecture and the design professions end their disproportionate focus on luxury items, boutiques, market-rate housing, museums... and begin to focus their creative energy and innovative spirit on sanitation infrastructures and other less glamorous civil infrastructures that are in tremendous and immediate need of fresh thinking and guided re-imagination.
CHICAGO, ILLINOIS SEPT 2019 - JANUARY 2020
EXHIBIT PHOTO