2 STANDARDS OF MEASUREMENT As described in chapter one for every kind of quantity to be measured there must be a unit to express the result of measurement and a standard to permit making the measurement by maintaining the'uniformity through dut the world. A standard is defined as something that is set up and established by authority as a rule for the measurement of quantity, weight, extent, value or quality etc. Any system of measurement must be related to a known standard otherwise the measurement has no meaning. Industry, commerce, international trade and in fact modern civilization itself would be impossible" without a good system of standards. The role of standards is to support the system which makes uniform measurement throughout the world and helps to maintain interchangeability in mass production. Systems of Measurement A measuring system is based on few fundamental units, e.g., length, mass, time, temperature, etc. All the physical quantities can be expressed in terms of these fundamental units. The following systems of measurement are in use in different countries. (a) F.P.S. System: In this system unit of length is yard, unit of mass, weight or force is pound, unit of time is seconds and unit of temperature is degree Fahrenheit. This system being inconvenient is steadily loosing its popularity. (6) Metric System : Metric system is the predominant system in the world. It is a decimal system of weight and measure. It is based on metre as a unit of length, kilogram as the unit of mass and kilogram force (kgf) as the unit of weight or force, unit of temperature is degree centigrade. This system is simple for calculation purposes than F.P.S. system. (c) S.I. System : This system is extension and refinement of the metric system. It is more convenient and superior to other systems. This S.I. (System International) like traditional metric system is based on decimal arithmetic. It provides only one basic unit for each physical quantity. It is comprehensive, because its seven basic units cover all disciplines. These seven basic units are as follows: (29) Derived S.I. Units Units that are a combination of two or more quantities and which usually requires a compound word to name them are called compound or derived units. Some of the derived units are as given below :
S.I. system of units is now being adopted throughout the world. This