AN2011-01 Ingest pre-processing.pdf

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COPYRIGHT©2011 AXON DIGITAL DESIGN B.V. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED NO PART OF THIS DOCUMENT MAY BE REPRODUCED IN ANY FORM WITHOUT THE PERMISSION OF AXON DIGITAL DESIGN B.V.

EMBEDDED INGEST PRE-PROCESSING AUDIO PROCESSING

Introduction The majority of programme and interstitial material broadcast worldwide is played from video server systems. However a great deal of media is delivered to broadcasters or resides within archives in the form of video tapes and this material needs to be transferred (Ingested) to video servers prior to transmission.

By processing video and audio content and automatically making adjustments or correcting errors prior to the capture by a video server time and labour is saved through reduced secondary processing or re-ingest and there is a reduction in the amount of computer hardware required reducing power consumption and heat generation.

The Ingest process is commonly fully automated and the material is reviewed after Ingest by playing the file back from the server, as a result there is no checking of levels or signal format prior to the creation of the file. Any errors would, subsequently, need to be corrected by reprocessing of the file based media or by re-ingesting the original with corrections made manually. This second stage of processing adds to the ingest workflow time and also the amount of computer processing power required, a further consequence of undertaking processing on file based media is that another decode and recode cycle may be necessary, to allow the media to be processed by linear devices, which may result in reduced video quality.

All of the cards shown in this example together consume less than 90W, a 75% saving when compared to an industry standard IT server which would be require to undertake the reprocessing of the file based media.

Axon produce a (growing) range of modular products which can automatically correct signal formatting, level and alignment errors in the baseband domain whilst the ingest process is taking place.

Examples of these corrections include: ▪▪ audio loudness ▪▪ video luminance and illegal colors ▪▪ SD signals requiring conversion to HD (or HD to SD) ▪▪ surround sound audio requiring conversion from Dolby-E to discrete channels (or discrete to Dolby-E) ▪▪ Dolby-E framing to match the video frame boundaries

Video Legalisation and Audio Loudness Solution The GDL/HDL200 is a dual-standard legaliser for digital signals, automatically detecting HD or SD input and utilising the correct colour space standard.

It legalises 3Gb/s, HD and SD SDI streams in the RGB domain within 709 colour space (601 for SD).

It also has a preview output with a highlight function that indicates the areas that are being processed.

This card is also equipped with the Quad Speed Audio bus which enables you to build a complete video and audio legalisation platform with the

addition of a card from the DLA series such as the DLA44.

All cards in the DLA series utilise industry tried and tested algorithms to adjust incoming audio levels to produce a consistent audio loudness across all ingested material, protecting viewers from loudness shifts and the “loud commercial issue”. The DLA 42 can process 4 PCM audio pairs similtanously and the DLA43/44 can be configured to process 3 PCM pairs grouped for 5.1 surround sound and a fourth PCM pair used for a stereo mix.

EMBEDDED INGEST PRE-PROCESSING AUDIO PROCESSING

Surround Sound Processing Cards within the DLA series can additionally (depending on exact card type) switch from 5.1 to stereo or automatically provide an upmix of a stereo source to Dolby 5.1 and thereby ensuring that all ingested audio meets the station’s audio specification automatically.

Axon offer a range of other Dolby processing cards designed to ensure that the ingested file has the correct configuration of audio tracks, an example of this is the GEP/HEP100 which automatically detects the presence of Dolby-E and decodes it to three pairs of PCM audio for loudness processing by the DLA series card, or if no Dolby-E is present will allow the original PCM audio to pass through to the processor.

If the station’s standard is to ingest 5.1 surround sound as a Dolby-E data-stream on a single AES pair alongside a PCM stereo mix on another AES

pair the DBE08 Dolby-E encoder card and be used in conjunction with a GEB/HEB900 audio embedder.

The embedder also provides the video delay necessary to retain lip-sync following the Dolby-e encoding process.

An integrate element of Dolby-E is the correct generation and processing of metadata, such as DailNorm, at each stage in the process metadata is extracted by Synapse cards, modified as necessary and passed to the next processing stage.

It is important that any Dolby-E encoded audio is correctly aligned with the video it is being embedded into; the HES20 card automatically adjusts any errors in the timing relationship between video and Dolby-E audio packets to ensure that the Dolby-E guard-band coincides with the video frame boundary, essential to prevent audible clicks during video transitions.

Format conversion Material intended for transmission can arrive from a number of sources and in a wide range of formats, the use of a flexible format converts, such as the GXG/HXH010 which automatically detect the input format and converts it to the required output format, ensures that no matter what the format of the delivery the media will always be ingested correctly.

The HXH010 card is capable for converting to and/or from a wide range of line standards and

frame rates including: 552SD, 625SD, 720p/30, 1080p/29.97, 1080i/50 and 1080i/59.95. Any output format can be selected and the card will automatically detect the input format and instigate the necessary conversion.

The G in the card title indicates that it is able to process video at 3Gb/s making it capable of converting to and/or from 1080p/59.94 or 1080p/50.

The GXG/HXH010 will add the correct WSS and VI information to the signal, as the colour coding of HD and SD are different the card will also perform the correct colour space conversion.

EMBEDDED INGEST PRE-PROCESSING AUDIO PROCESSING

System Configuration The diagram below shows a system configured with all of the elements mentioned previously, the core of the system is the GDL/HDL200 video legaliser and DLA44 audio loudness control, other cards are then added to these depending on the exact ingest specifications and the range of video standards in which the media is supplied.

The system shown would be capable of accepting video in any worldwide standard format and converting it into the station’s standard, detect if Dolby-E was present and decode it to 5.1 surround sound carrier on 3 PCM audio pair. The core of the system would legalise video levels and correct for audio loudness variations, the resultant audio would encoded to Dolby-E with the correct metadata and the alignment of the Dolby-E data packets would be verified and corrected if necessary.

SOURCE VTR

VIDEO + EMBEDDED AUDIO / DOLBY-E

With all options installed an additional video delay of 8-frames would be introduced into the signal path, most Ingest systems have a configuration setting that will account for this and maintain frame-accuracy of the ingested file.

By use of the Quad-Speed Multiplex Audio Bus and the Synapse Bus within the Synapse frame the majority of the audio connections, which would traditionally require external cables, are handled internally. The system shown above would require only 7 short BNC to BNC cables (not including those from the VTR and to the Ingest system) and Dolby-E metadata cable.

VIDEO STANDARD AND FRAME-RATE CONVERSION OPTION

CORE VIDEO LEGALISATION AND AUDIO LOUDNESS CONTROL

DOLBY ALIGNMENT OPTION

FORMAT CONVERSION

VIDEO LEGALISATION

DOLBY-E FRAMING

GXG/HXH010

GDL/HDL200

HES20

DE-EMBEDDED AUDIO TO /FROM LOUDNESS CORRECTION (AND DOLBY-E PROCESSING) VIA QUAD SPEED BUS

DOLBY-E BITSTREAM DECODED TO 3 X PCM AUDIO

DOLBY-E DECODER

DOLBY DECODER OPTION

DBD18

DOLBY ENCODER OPTION AUDIO LOUDNESS CORRECTION

DOLBY-E ENCODER

DLA44

DBE08

3 X AES AUDIO + DOLBY METADATA

INGEST SYSTEM

DOLBY-E ENCODED AUDIO

EMBEDDED INGEST PRE-PROCESSING AUDIO PROCESSING

Synapse External Control and Monitoring A number of Synapse cards can store multiple configurations in on-board presets which can be recalled by either GPI or via Ethernet commands.

By employing this functionality the configuration of the pro-processing system could be dynamically controlled by the Ingest/MAM system. This could be used to change the target video format/frame rate or if the surround sound audio was to encoded using Dolby-E for instance.

All cards in the Synapse range provide comprehensive status monitoring information to

the user using the Cortex application which is freely available from the Axon website www.axon.tv and follow the links to the software download page.

There is a chargeable option for Cortex to add a customised user interfaces, which could be used to give the Ingest operator a tailor-made screen showing all of the essential information about signal status together with only those controls which are thought necessary.

Video Legalisation and Audio Loudness Control The example on the next page shows the combination of a GDL200 and a DLA44 with an optional DBD18 card providing detection of Dolby-E presence and substitution of PCM audio if Dolby-E is not present. The card GDL200 card detects the video standard and selects the appropriate legaliser standard, manual adjustment of video and color levels is available.

The de-embedded audio from the GDL200 is placed on (up to) the first 16-channels of the Quad Speed Multiplexing Audio Bus. By positioning the DLA44 card (and DBD18 if required) in the succeeding numbered slots (N+1 etc.) it is possible to configure the cards to select the audio input from the Quad Speed Bus, process it as required and return it to the Bus for other cards to utilise.

The diagram shows the de-embedded Dolby-E stream being placed on the Quad Speed Bus,

the DBD18 is configured to route the appropriate signals from the bus through its Dolby-E decoder and then place the 6 decoded audio channels back into the same bus for the DLA44 card make use of.

All audio channels are corrected for normalised dialog level by the DLA44 card which can also produce a 5.1 upmix from a source of stereo audio if the native 5.1 is not available.

The output of the DLA44 is also placed on a second Quad Speed Multiplexing Audio Bus which returns the outputs of the “Add-on� cards back to the GDL200 where it can be re-embedded into the legalised video stream.

All processing latencies can be accounted for in this combination and the appropriate amount of video delay is adjusted in the GDL200 for absolute lipsync.

EMBEDDED INGEST PRE-PROCESSING AUDIO PROCESSING GDL200 and DLA44 with an optional DBD18 card GDL200 – HDL200

3Gb/s, HD, SD IN 1

MANUAL OR AUTOMATIC

EQ DEEMBED

3Gb/s, HD, SD IN 2

INPUT SELECTION

EQ

3Gb/s, HD, SD OUT 1

FRAME SYNC & OFFSET DELAY

COLOR CORR.

RGB (709 AND 601) LEGALIZER

DEEMBED

3Gb/s, HD, SD OUT 2

EMB

3Gb/s, HD, SD OUT 3

PREVIEW WITH HIGHLIGHT

PREVIEW OUT

GPI IN

QUAD SPEED MODE

CHANNEL SWAP

TDM MUX

PLL

TDM DE-MUX

32CH OUT TO ADD-ON

REFERENCE INPUTS 1

FROM ADD-ON

QUAD SPEED MULTIPLEXING AUDIO BUS 2

ΜP [LINUX]

4CH 4CH 4CH 4CH IN IN IN IN

32CH IN

OR

RACK CONTROLLER 1

2

3

4

INTERNAL SYNAPSE BUS

DBD18

AES/EBU IN 1/2 AES/EBU IN 3/4 AES/EBU IN 5/6 AES/EBU IN 7/8

[QUAD SPEED AUDIO BUS]

SRC SRC SRC SRC 32 CHANNEL

Deembedded audio from G/HDL200 video legaliser card

Stereo 24x10 INPUT MUX

GAIN & PHASE

DELAY

GAIN & PHASE

DELAY

GAIN & PHASE

DELAY

GAIN & PHASE

DELAY

GAIN & PHASE

DELAY

GAIN & PHASE

DELAY

GAIN & PHASE

DELAY

GAIN & PHASE

DELAY

AES/EBU OUT 1/2 AES/EBU OUT 3/4 AES/EBU OUT 5/6 AES/EBU OUT 7/8

Loudness corrected audio looped through DBD18 card ADD-ON EMBED MULTIPLEXING 8 X 2-CHANNELS INTO 32

OPTIONAL REINSERTING OF PROCESSED AUDIO

MUX

32CH OUT

TO NEXT ADD-ON

FROM MASTER

32CH IN

ΜP

32CH IN TO MASTER

LOSS OF ‘E’ FAIL SWITCH

FROM NEXT ADD-ON

DECODER

METADATA

METADATA

QUAD SPEED MULTIPLEXING AUDIO BUS

Optional DBD18 Card provides Dolby-E Detection and Decoding

RACK CONTROLLER

INTERNAL SYNAPSE BUS

DLA44 – DLA43 – DLA41

AES/EBU IN 1/2 LfRf

SRC

GAIN PHASE & DELAY

SRC

GAIN PHASE & DELAY

5.1 AES/EBU IN 3/4 C/LFE

AEROMAX 5.1 PARAM. EQ

MUX

AES/EBU IN 7/8

LOUDNESS CONTROL

AUTOMAX-II (AUTO SWITCH) UPMIXING

DLA44 DLA43

DLA44 DLA41

GAIN PHASE & DELAY

SRC

OUTPUT MUX AES/EBU OUT 5/6 LsRs

GAIN PHASE & DELAY

SRC

5.1 AES/EBU OUT 3/4 C/LFE

c PAR EQ

Lt/Rt Downmix

AEROMAX 2.0

AES/EBU OUT 7/8 Lt/Rt

LOUDNESS CONTROL

METADATA INPUT

METADATA OUTPUT

REFERENCE INPUTS

1

2

MUX

32CH OUT

ADD-ON MULTIPLEXING 8 CHANNELS INTO 32

32CH IN

32CH OUT TO MASTER

32CH IN

FROM NEXT ADD-ON

PLL

OPTIONAL REINSERTING OF PROCESSED AUDIO

TO NEXT ADD-ON

ADD-ON DE-EMBED SELECTOR 8 CHANNELS OUT OF 32

GPI INPUT

FROM MASTER

Decoded audio from DBD18 Dolby-E card

AES/EBU IN 5/6 LsRs

AES/EBU OUT 1/2 LfRf

UPMIX SOURCE SELECT

INTERNAL SYNAPSE BUS

QUAD SPEED MULTIPLEXING AUDIO BUS

ΜP

RACK CONTROLLER

Loudness corrected audio

EMBEDDED INGEST PRE-PROCESSING AUDIO PROCESSING

GDL200, DBD18 and DLA44 Configuration Examples The following tables and Cortex screen-grabs give examples of the configuration options required to successfully legalize the video, de-embed and Dolby-E decode the audio, correct for audio loudness, provide an upmix if required and re-embed the resultant audio into the original SDI stream. Please note that the cards have considerably more settings than shown here and these should be set to match the user’s individual requirements.

GDL200 settings 1. Frame Delay = 3 Frames, the card is configured to compensate for the total audio delay through the processing stages.

2. Delay Status = On, enables the delay processing.

3. Control = Manual, the card can either be configured with a setup that is manually changed as required (Manual) or it can be configured to change predefined presets depending on the detected input video format (Auto-Format).

The card is configured to embedded Quad Speed Add-On Buss channels 1 to 4 into SDI Group 1 and channels 5 to 8 into Group 2. The audio on these channels originated from the DLA44Audio Loudness Control card via the Quad Speed (Add-On) Bus.

EMBEDDED INGEST PRE-PROCESSING AUDIO PROCESSING DBD18 settings 1. Dolby E Input = Master, Dolby E Input Channel = 1/2. This way the card is configured such that channels 1 and 2 from the Quad Speed bus, originating from the GDL200 Legalizer card are used as the source of 5.1 surround audio.Dolby PCM Backup Input = Master, Backup Channel = 3/4. Now Channels 3 and 4, which are PCM stereo, will be used by the card if no Dolby-E signal is detected on channels 1 and 2.

2. Delay Status = 2.

Card has be set to over-ride slots 25 to 32 on the Input Quad Speed Bus with audio present on its internal channels 9 to 16 (the output of the Dolby-E decoder). This audio will be passed to the next card (DLA44 Loudness control) for processing.

3. The card has been configured to use the reference signals from the GDL200 MasterCard.

1. The card’s internal channels 9 to 14 have been configured to use outputs 1 to 6 from the Dolby-E decoder, these will be passed to the DLA44 card via the Quad Speed Bus. 2. Internal channels 15 and 16 are passing on the PCM stereo from the GDL200MasterCard to the Quad Speed Bus. 3. Channels 15 and 16 are delayed by 140mS to compensate for the delay through the Dolby-E decoder.

EMBEDDED INGEST PRE-PROCESSING AUDIO PROCESSING DLA44 settings 1. The card has been configured to use channels 25 to 32 from the Quad Speed Bus as the source to the 5.1 loudness and control (internal channels 1 to 6) and upmixer (internal channels 7 to 8). Quad Speed Bus channels 25 to 32 originate from the DBD18 card (see settings above).

2. The card is referenced to the GDL200 MasterCard via the Quad Speed Bus.

The DLA44 input configuration is achieved by selecting the Master button, the drop down dialogue box changes to a list of the 32-channels available on the Quad Speed Master Bus. Highlight the relevant channel from the list for each of the 8 processing channels.

Channels 1-6 can grouped surround sound processing.

for

5.1

Note: It is necessary to individually select the audio source for each leg of a PCM audio pair.

The Upmixer Input is configured to use Internal Channels 7 and 8, the configuration above has determined that these are being fed from the Quad Speed Bus. Up Mix Mode configures which algorithm to use to produce surround sound from a stereo source.

5.1 -> PCM Speed and PCM -> 5.1 Speed selects how quick upmix processing is enabled in event of no 5.1 being detected and how fast the card will revert to 5.1 input when it becomes available.

EMBEDDED INGEST PRE-PROCESSING AUDIO PROCESSING

Dolby Encoding Option - Details This example shows the combination of a DLA44, a DBE08 and a DBD18.

DLA44 – DLA43 – DLA41

AES/EBU IN 1/2 LfRf

SRC

GAIN PHASE & DELAY

SRC

GAIN PHASE & DELAY

5.1 AES/EBU IN 3/4 C/LFE

AEROMAX 5.1 PARAM. EQ

LOUDNESS CONTROL

AUTOMAX-II (AUTO SWITCH) UPMIXING

DLA44 DLA43

DLA44 DLA41

MUX

AES/EBU IN 5/6 LsRs

AES/EBU IN 7/8

GAIN PHASE & DELAY

SRC

5.1 AES/EBU OUT 3/4 C/LFE

OUTPUT MUX AES/EBU OUT 5/6 LsRs

Alternative route for Dolby-E encoded audio if DBD18 card not installed

c

GAIN PHASE & DELAY

SRC

AES/EBU OUT 1/2 LfRf

UPMIX SOURCE SELECT

PAR EQ

Lt/Rt Downmix

AEROMAX 2.0

AES/EBU OUT 7/8 Lt/Rt

LOUDNESS CONTROL

METADATA INPUT

METADATA OUTPUT OPTIONAL REINSERTING OF PROCESSED AUDIO

PLL

MUX

2

1

32CH OUT

TO NEXT ADD-ON

REFERENCE INPUTS

FROM MASTER

32CH IN

ADD-ON MULTIPLEXING 8 CHANNELS INTO 32

32CH IN

ΜP

32CH OUT TO MASTER

GPI INPUT

FROM NEXT ADD-ON

ADD-ON DE-EMBED SELECTOR 8 CHANNELS OUT OF 32

QUAD SPEED MULTIPLEXING AUDIO BUS

RACK CONTROLLER

INTERNAL SYNAPSE BUS

DBE08 MAIN OUTPUT SELECTION AES 1/2

AES 3/4

SRC

DELAY

SRC

DELAY

SRC

DELAY

SRC

DELAY

CHANNEL SWAP

AES/EBU FORMAT

DOLBY E OUTPUT

AES/EBU FORMAT

AUX OUT

ENCODER

GAIN CONTROL

AES 5/6

AES 7/8

GENERATOR

DARS GENERATOR

CHANNEL 3/4 [AUX] SELECTION

BY-PASS DELAY + GPI METADATA

PLL

µP

Audio in/outputs To/from Synapse bus 1

Rack controller

2

1

2

3

4

3

2

1

INTERNAL SYNAPSE BUS

DBD18

SRC SRC 32 CHANNEL

Stereo 24x10 INPUT MUX

DELAY

GAIN & PHASE

DELAY

GAIN & PHASE

DELAY

GAIN & PHASE

DELAY

GAIN & PHASE

DELAY

GAIN & PHASE

DELAY

GAIN & PHASE

DELAY

AES/EBU OUT 1/2 AES/EBU OUT 3/4 AES/EBU OUT 5/6 AES/EBU OUT 7/8

ADD-ON EMBED MULTIPLEXING 8 X 2-CHANNELS INTO 32

DECODER

LOSS OF ‘E’ FAIL SWITCH 32CH IN

METADATA

OPTIONAL REINSERTING OF PROCESSED AUDIO

MUX

32CH OUT

ΜP

32CH IN FROM NEXT ADD-ON

AES/EBU IN 7/8

SRC

DELAY

GAIN & PHASE

TO MASTER

AES/EBU IN 5/6

GAIN & PHASE

TO NEXT ADD-ON

AES/EBU IN 3/4

SRC

FROM MASTER

AES/EBU IN 1/2

[QUAD SPEED AUDIO BUS]

INTERNAL SYNAPSE BUS

QUAD SPEED MULTIPLEXING AUDIO BUS

RACK CONTROLLER

METADATA

OR

EMBEDDED INGEST PRE-PROCESSING AUDIO PROCESSING In the previous example the discrete 5.1 surround sound, loudness processed, audio from the DLA44 card is to be encoded into a Dolby-E stream and embedded into the video. In this scenario there is no MasterCard for the DBE08 to be referenced to and therefore its Lock Mode is set to one of the frame’s distributed reference buses, Ref1.

3 PCM audio pairs and newly generated metadata originates from the DLA44 card, the DBE08 encodes this along with the metadata, the output being connected to un-used inputs on the DBD18 Dolby-E decoder which passes the audio to the Quad Speed Bus and then to the GDL200 where it is embedded.

DBE08 and DBD18 Configuration Examples The following tables give examples of the configuration options required to successfully encode and embed Dolby-E into a SDI stream, please note that the cards have considerably more settings than shown here and these should be set to match the user’s individual requirements.

DBE08 settings The default configuration of the DBE08 would provide suitable settings for its use in this situation.

The Program Config and MetaData Set Selection may need adjusting to suit the user specific requirements.

DBD18 settings To re-insert the Dolby-E encoded audio, the output of the DBE08 card is fed into the DBD18 (if fitted). The cards internal channels 1 and 2 are shown here configured to take in the cards local inputs 1 and 2. By default these are inserted into the output Quad Speed Add-On bus and passed to the GDL200 for re-embedding.