ARC15_MAN.pdf

ARC15

High-end bi-directional manual controlled aspect ratio converter, with digital and analog outputs.

_________________________________________

TECHNICAL MANUAL ARC15 High-end bi-directional manual controlled aspect ratio converter, with digital and analog outputs.

Lange Wagenstraat 55 NL-5126 BB Gilze The Netherlands Phone: +31 161 850 450 Fax: +31 161 850 499 E-mail: Info@axon.tv Web: www.axon.tv

WARNING: TO REDUCE THE RISK OF FIRE OR ELECTRICAL SHOCK, DO NOT EXPOSE THIS APPLIANCE TO RAIN OR MOISTURE ● ALWAYS disconnect your entire system from the AC mains before cleaning any component. The product frame (SFR18 or SFR04) must be terminated with three-conductor AC mains power cord that includes an earth ground connection. To prevent shock hazard, all three connections must always be used. ● NEVER use flammable or combustible chemicals for cleaning components. ● NEVER operate this product if any cover is removed. ● NEVER wet the inside of this product with any liquid. ● NEVER pour or spill liquids directly onto this unit. ● NEVER block airflow through ventilation slots. ● NEVER bypass any fuse. ● NEVER replace any fuse with a value or type other than those specified. ● NEVER attempt to repair this product. If a problem occurs, contact your local Axon distributor. ● NEVER expose this product to extremely high or low temperatures. ● NEVER operate this product in an explosive atmosphere.

Warranty: Axon warrants their products according to the warranty policy as described in the general terms.

That means that Axon Digital Design BV can only warrant the products as long as the serial numbers are not removed.

Copyright © 2001 – 2008 AXON Digital Design B.V. Date created: 09-06-2008 Date last revised: 16-06-2008 Axon, the Axon logo and Synapse are trademarks of Axon Digital Design B.V. This product complies with the requirements of the product family standards for audio, video, audio-visual entertainment lighting control apparatus for professional use as mentioned below.

EN60950 EN55103-1: 1996 EN55103-2: 1996

Axon Digital Design

ARC15

Tested To Comply With FCC Standards

Safety Emission Immunity

This device complies with part 15 of the FCC Rules Operation is subject to the following two conditions: (1) This device may cause harmful interference, and (2) This device must accept any interference received, including interference that may cause undesired operation.

FOR HOME OR OFFICE USE

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Table of Contents Chapter 1

Introduction to Synapse An introduction to Synapse Local Control Panel Remote Control Capabilities

Chapter 2

Unpacking and Placement Unpacking Locating the card

Chapter 3

A Quick Start When powering-up Default settings Changing settings and parameters Front Panel Control Example of changing parameter using Front Panel control Synapse SetUp Software Menu Structure Example

Chapter 4

The ARC15 card Introduction

Chapter 5

Settings Menu

Chapter 6

Status Menu

Chapter 7

Events Menu

Chapter 8

LED Indication

Chapter 9

Block Schematic

Chapter 10

Connector panel

Chapter 11

Specifications Appendix One

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1 Introduction to Synapse An Introduction to Synapse is a modular system designed for the broadcast industry.

Synapse High density, intuitive operation and high quality processing are key features of this system. Synapse offers a full range of converters and processing modules. Please visit the AXON Digital Design Website at www.axon.tv to obtain the latest information on our new products and updates.

Local Control Panel The local control panel gives access to all adjustable parameters and provides status information for any of the cards in the Synapse frame, including the Synapse rack controller. The local control panel is also used to back-up and restore card settings. Please refer to the RRC18, RRC10 and RRC04 manuals for a detailed description of the local control panel, the way to set-up remote control over IP and for frame related settings and status information.

Remote Control The remote control options are explained in the rack controller Capabilities (RRC18/RRC10/RRC04/RRS18/RRS04) manual. The method of connection to a computer using Ethernet is described in the rack controller manual.

!

CHECK-OUT: “CORTEX� SOFTWARE WILL INCREASE SYSTEM FLEXIBILITY OF ONE OR MORE SYNAPSE FRAMES

Although not required to use Cortex with a Synapse frame, you are strongly advised to use a remote personal computer or laptop PC with Cortex installed as this increases the ease of use and understanding of the modules.

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2 Unpacking and Placement Unpacking The Axon Synapse card must be unpacked in an anti-static environment. Care must be taken NOT to touch components on the card – always handle the card carefully by the edges. The card must be stored and shipped in anti-static packaging. Ensuring that these precautions are followed will prevent premature failure from components mounted on the board.

Locating the card The Synapse card can be placed vertically in an SFR18 frame or horizontally in an SFR04 or SFR08 frame. Locate the two guide slots to be used, slide in the mounted circuit board, and push it firmly to locate the connectors.

Correct insertion of card is essential as a card that is not located properly may show valid indicators, but does not function correctly.

NOTE: On power up all LED’s will light for a few seconds, this is the time it takes to initialise the card.

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3 A Quick Start When Powering-up On powering up the Synapse frame, the card set will use basic data and default initialisation settings. All LED’s will light during this process. After initialisation, several LED’s will remain lit – the exact number and configuration is dependant upon the number of inputs connected and the status of the inputs.

Default settings In its default condition, the ARC15 will act as an aspect ratio converter set to pass through the input signal without a change in aspect ratio.

Changing settings The front panel controls or Cortex can be used to change settings. and parameters An overview of the settings can be found in chapter 5, 6 and 7 of this manual.

Front Panel Control Front Panel Display and Cursor [No Alarms]

Settings are displayed and changed as follows; Use the cursor ‘arrows’ on the front panel to select the menu and parameter to be displayed and/or changed.

Press ► Press ◄ Press ▲ Press ▼

To go forward through the menu structure.

To go back through the menu structure.

To move up within a menu or increase the value of a parameter.

To move down through a menu or decrease the value of a parameter.

NOTE: Whilst editing a setting, pressing ► twice will reset the value to its default.

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Example of With the display as shown below changing parameters using RRC18 [Select Card] front panel control >S01=SFS10

Pressing the ► selects the SFS10 in frame slot 01.

The display changes to indicate that the ARC15 has been selected.

In this example the Settings menu item is indicated.

SFS10[Select Menu] >Settings Pressing the ► selects the menu item shown, in this example Settings.

(Pressing ▲ or ▼ will change to a different menu eg Status, Events).

The display changes to indicate that the SFS10 Settings menu item SDI-Format has been selected and shows that it current setting is Auto.

SFS10 [Settings] >SDI-Format=Auto Pressing the ► selects the settings item shown, in this example SDI-Format.

(Pressing ▲ or ▼ will change to a different setting, eg Mode, H-Delay).

The display changes to indicate that the SFS10 Edit Setting menu item SDI-Format has been selected.

SFS10[Edit Setting] SDI-Format>Auto To edit the setting of the menu item press ▲ or ▼.

All menu items can be monitored and/or changed in this way.

Changing a setting has an immediate effect.

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Cortex Software Cortex can be used to change the settings of Synapse modules from a PC, either locally or remotely. The software enables communication based on TCP/IP between the setup PC and Synapse frames/modules.

Each Synapse frame is addressed through its rack controller’s unique IP address, giving access to each module, its menus and adjustment items.Cortex has access to data contained within the Synapse module and displays it on a GUI. The software has an intuitive structure following that of the module that it is controlling.

For more information about how to operate cards using cortex, please refer to the help files of cortex (press F1)

Menu Structure Example

Slot Module ▲ ▲ S02 ▲ S0 1 ▼ S00

Item

SFS10 ► RRC18

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Identity ▲ Setting s ▼ Status ▼ Events

Parameter

►

SDIFormat ▼ Mode ▼ Ref-Input ▼ H-Delay ▼ ▼

Setting

►

Auto ▼ 625 ▼ 525

4 The ARC15 Card Introduction The ARC15 is a manual controlled quality Aspect Ratio

Converter. It features optimized conversion between different aspect ratios such as 4:3, 13:9,14:9, 15:9, 16:9 and 21:9 with full 10-bit resolution (20-bit internal). High quality vertical filtering is reached by using a temporal (3 field), 12-taps FIR filter. The aspect ratios can be switched manual by Cortex or the SCP08.

Input and outputs are SDI, 10-bit serial digital video (270 Mb). No genlock reference is needed because the total delay of the ARC15 is fixed. An analog preview monitoring output is provided with several comprehensive functions, including a scaling cage. For transmission applications where WSS or VI control is needed the ARC20 is the solution

Aspect Ratio The ARC15 can convert between a wide range of aspect ratios, handling form 4:3 to 21:9. The aspect ratios can be switched by manual control.

SDI interfaces Input and outputs are SDI, 10-bit serial digital video (270 Mb). No genlock reference is needed because the total delay of the ARC15 is fixed.

Analog Monitoring An analog preview monitoring output is provided with several comprehensive functions.

Transparent ANC Any data (like embedded audio) in the horizontal and vertical handling blanking periods is reinserted on the output with the correct delay.

Also included is full EDH processing.

Fixed Propagation The total delay is 1 frame default but can be adjusted up to 7 lines Delay less than one frame.

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Aspect ratio Widescreen Signalling (WSS) and Video Index (VI) are used to standards transport aspect ratio information in the video signal. VI is only

used by other broadcasting equipment which all act differently.

WSS data is used by Modern 16:9 consumer televisions to switch to different types of aspect ratio displays. The following table shows example screens of how different WSS signals are displayed on a modern Pioneer TV. Keep in mind that various consumer TVs act differently to the WSS data as shown here.

Most used settings are marked green. With most TVs the display type for 1_vid is user defined.

WSS setting

Aspect ratio

Picture placement

Active lines

1_vid

4:3

Full

576

2_vid

14:9

Letterbox Centre

504

3_vid

14:9

Letterbox Top

504

4_vid

16:9

Letterbox Centre

430

5_vid

16:9

Letterbox Top

430

6_vid

>16:9

Letterbox deeper than 16:9

7_vid

14:9

Full 4:3, framed to be "14:9-safe"

576

8_vid

16:9

Full-height 16:9 (anamorphic)

576

Result on 16:9 Result on 16:9 Result on 16:9 screen with screens with screens with letterboxed 16:9 full 4:3 source full 16:9 source source

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5 Settings Menu Introduction The settings menu displays the current state of each setting within the ARC15 and enables the item to be changed or adjusted.

Settings can be changed using the front panel of the Synapse frame (SFR18, SFR08 or SFR04) or Cortex software.

Please refer to chapter 3 for information on the Synapse front panel control and Synapse Cortex software.

SDI-Format The SDI-format menu item selects the input video standard, 525, 625 and Auto can be selected.

The default setting is 625.

Inp-Format The menu item Inp-Format selects the aspect ratio of the input signal. The aspect ratio settings are as follows; Setting

Aspect Ratio

12F12

4:3 Full Field

13L12

13:9 picture displayed Letterbox in 4:3 environment

14L12

14:9 picture displayed Letterbox in 4:3 environment

15L12

15:9 picture displayed Letterbox in 4:3 environment

16L12

16:9 picture displayed Letterbox in 4:3 environment

21L12

21:9 picture displayed Letterbox in 4:3 environment

12P16

4:3 picture displayed Pillarbox in a 16:9 environment

13P16

13:9 picture displayed Pillarbox in a 16:9 environment

14P16

14:9 picture displayed Pillarbox in a 16:9 environment

15P16

15:9 picture displayed Pillarbox in a 16:9 environment

16F16

16:9 Full Field

21L16

21:9 picture displayed Letterbox in 16:9 environment

21F21

21:9 Full Field

The default setting of Inp-Format is 12F12.

Out-Format The menu item Out-Format selects the aspect ratio of the output signal. The aspect ratio settings are as follows; Setting

Aspect Ratio

12F12

4:3 Full Field

13L12

13:9 picture displayed Letterbox in 4:3 environment

14L12

14:9 picture displayed Letterbox in 4:3 environment

15L12

15:9 picture displayed Letterbox in 4:3 environment

16L12

16:9 picture displayed Letterbox in 4:3 environment

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21L12

21:9 picture displayed Letterbox in 4:3 environment

12P16

4:3 picture displayed Pillarbox in a 16:9 environment

13P16

13:9 picture displayed Pillarbox in a 16:9 environment

14P16

14:9 picture displayed Pillarbox in a 16:9 environment

15P16

15:9 picture displayed Pillarbox in a 16:9 environment

16F16

16:9 Full Field

21L16

21:9 picture displayed Letterbox in 16:9 environment

21F21

21:9 Full Field

V113

Vertical stretch mode with factor 1.13 (no horizontal scaling)

V115

Vertical stretch mode with factor 1.15 (no horizontal scaling)

The default setting of Out-Format is 12F12.

Pan This item sets the horizontal position of the picture. The value range is from -180.00px to 180.00px (pixels). . The increment is 1 pixel steps.

The default value is 0

Tilt This item sets the vertical position of the picture. The value range is from -180ln to 180ln (lines). The increment is 1ln.

The default value is 0

H_blank The menu item H_Blank set the amount by which the picture is blanked horizontally. H_Blank has an adjustment range of 0 px (pixels) to 190 px.

The default setting is 0 px (pixels).

V_blank The menu item V_Blank set the amount by which the picture is blanked vertically. V_Blank has an adjustment range of 0 ln (TV lines) to 130 ln.

The default setting is 0 ln

(TV lines)

Filter This menu item selects the filter mode for Video, Film, Mixed, Film_Eff and Field. Filter modes have an effect when the vertical filtering is active.

Video mode is the default setting and is normally used. This filter mode processes video fields. In order to improve the vertical resolution of the video being processed, three video fields are used.

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Film mode is used for video material that has been scanned from a film source. The ARC takes advantage of the fact that there is no motion between fields. Two fields are interlaced in advance of the vertical filter to give a non interlaced frame, this improves vertical resolution.

Mixed mode utilizes a combination of filter coefficients from ‘Film’ mode and ‘video’ mode to reduce ghosting artefacts that result from ‘post production effects’ and aspect ratio changes.

Film_Eff (Film Effect) mode used to give a ‘film scanned’ look to video material. In this mode the vertical filter coefficients change with the same sequence as in film-mode.

Field mode can be used to process fast moving images. A single field is used to process the output. Therefore ghosting can be prevented, however because only one field is used, the quality of a slower moving picture is not as good when using Video mode.

REMARK: For a complete description of the different filter modes please refer to Appendix One.

VI-Insert The Video Index insertion menu enables the generation of Video Index (VI) information. Video Index is used to trigger cascaded equipment that process wide screen manipulation, aspect ratio converters for example. VI-Insert can be set to 4:3_0 to 4:3_7, 16:9_0 to 16:9_7 and Off. The default setting is 4:3_0.

WSS-Insert The WSS insertion menu selects the WSS mode. Off, Standard, Extended and Blank can be set. The WSS extended is a special mode that uses the physical structure of WSS but with a VI like data settings.

The default setting is Off.

WSS-Std-Ins WSS-Std-Ins is activated if Standard is selected in the setting menu item WSS-Insert.

The WSS standard has 16 settings 8 for video and 8 for film.

Selection is made between 1_vid to 8_vid, or 1_flm to 8_flm and NA. The default setting is 1_vid.

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WSS-Ext-Ins WSS-Ext-Ins is activated if Extended is selected in the setting menu item WSS-Insert.

WSS-Ext-Ins sets the WSS extended format. The setting can be within the range 4:3_0, 4:3_1, 4:3_2, etc., to 16:9_0, 16:9_1, 16:9_2 etc. and Off. The default setting is 4:3_0.

WSS-GPI-Ins WSS-GPI-Ins is activated if Extended is selected in the setting menu item WSS-Insert.

The WSS-GPI-Ins setting sets the programmable GPIs that are supported by WSS. selection of 4 GPI can be made: ____, ___4, 1__4. 12_4 etc to1234.

The default setting is ____.

Prvw_Config Prvw_Config determines the configuration of the preview output connectors.

Cv_Y_C:

Composite Video, and separate Y/C

G_B_R:

Component GBR

Y_Cb_Cr:

Component YCbCr

The default setting is Cv_Y_C.

Prvw_Signal The settings menu item Prvw_Signal allows selection between the Input and the Processed signal fro the preview output.

The default setting is Input.

Prvw_Marker The settings menu item Prvw_Marker sets the condition of the preview marker. The setting of Prvw_Marker are On or Off and movement speeds S1 to S7.

The default setting is On.

EDH-Gen The EDH generator inserts EDH into the output signal. This setting allows the user to switch the built in EDH generator On or Off. The default setting is On.

EDH-Det This setting allows the user to choose between Active-Picture (Active-P), Full-Field (Full-F) EDH detection. Can also be set to off. The default setting is Active-P. 13

Proc-Delay Proc-Delay enables the delay of the ARC15 to be adjusted between one Frame and one Frame-7ln in steps of 1 line.

The default delay of the ARC15 is 1 Frame.

Blank-ANC The Blank-ANC setting determines the ancillary blanking mode.

Off, H, V or H+V are the available settings. The Blank-ANC setting blanks the ancillary data in the horizontal and/or vertical blanking interval.

The default setting is Off.

CC_525 When used with 525 line signals, the setting menu item CC_525 enables the closed captioning lines L21 or L21+L22 and the corresponding lines in field two to pass transparently through the ARC15. These lines are not scaled or filtered.

The default setting of CC_525 is Off.

Soften_edges When this setting is On, the left and right edges of the picture are smoothened in Pillarbox output formats or when blanking is enabled. Turned Off the edges remain unsmoothed.

By default, this setting is set to On.

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6 Status Menu Introduction The status menu indicates the current status of each item listed below.

SDI-Input This status item indicates the presence of a valid Serial video signal at the SDI input. SDI-Input indicates if an input signal is NA (not available) or Present.

Format-Det 625 Lines and 525 Lines standards can be detected as the valid input signal format, 625/50 and 525/60 are recognised as valid inputs.

EDH-Stat EDH-Stat, indicates the status of the EDH within the incoming SDI signal.

OK is indicated if the status of the detected EDH does not indicate errors.

UES is shown if an EDH data block is not present.

EDA is displayed if an EDH error has previously been detected by another card in the SDI chain.

EDH is displayed if a previously undetected EDH error is detected by this device.

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7 Events Menu Introduction An event is a special message that is generated on the card asynchronously. This means that it is not the response to a request to the card, but a spontaneous message.

What is the Goal of The goal of events is to inform the environment about a changing an event? condition on the card. A message may be broadcast to mark the change in status. The message is volatile and cannot be retrieved from the system after it has been broadcast. There are several means by which the message can be filtered.

ARC15 Events The events reported by the ARC15 are as follows; Announcements Announcements is not an event. This item is only used for switching the announcement of status changes on/off. 0=off, other =on

Input Input can be selected between 0 .. 255. 0= no event, 1..255 is the priority setting.

EDH status EDH status can be selected between 0 .. 255. 0= no event, 1..255 is the priority setting.

What information is The message consists of the following items; available in an 1) A message string to show what has happened in text, for event? example: “INP_LOSS”, “REF_LOSS”, “INP_RETURN”.

2) A tag that also shows what happens, but with a predefined number: e.g. 1 (= loss of input), 2 (= loss of reference), 129(= 1+128 = return of input). For a list of these predefined tags see the table on the next page.

3) A priority that marks the importance of an event. This value is defined by the user and can have any value between 1 and 255, or 0 when disabled.

4) A slot number of the source of this event.

The Message String The message string is defined in the card and is therefore fixed. It may be used in controlling software like Synapse Set-up to show the event.

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The Tag The tag is also defined in the card. The tag has a fixed meaning.

When controlling or monitoring software should make decisions based on events, it is easier to use the tag instead of interpreting a string. The first implementation is the tag controlled switch in the GPI16.

In cases where the event marks a change to fault status (e.g. 1 for Loss of Input) the complement is marked by the tag increased by 128 (80hex) (e.g. 129 (81hex) for Return of Input).

Defining Tags The tags defined for the ARC15 are: Event Menu Item Announcements

Tag 0 or NA

0 or NA

Input

01hex=INP_LOSS

81hex=INP_RETURN

EDH-Status

03hex=EDH_ERROR 83hex=EDH_OK

Description Announcing of report and control values primary input lost or returned EDH error occurred

The Priority The priority is a user-defined value. The higher the priority of the alarm, the higher this value. Setting the priority to Zero disables the announcement of this alarm. Alarms with priorities equal or higher than the Error Threshold setting of the RRC will cause the error LED on the Synapse rack front panel to light.

The Address Together with the message string or the tag, the slot number or address of the card is relevant to be able to assign the event to a certain card.

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8 LED Indication Error LED The error LED indicates an error if the internal logic of the ARC15 card is not configured correctly or has a hardware failure.

Input LED This LED indicated the presence of a valid SDI video signal on the input.

Reference LED Indicated the presence of a valid reference signal on the selected reference input connector (ref-1 or ref-2).

ANC Data LED Indicates the presence of embedded audio within the SDI input signal.

Data Error LED This LED indicate two different types of error: -

ANC (embedded audio) checksum error.

-

EDH error

Connection LED This LED illuminates after the card has initialised. The LED lights for 0.5 seconds every time a connection is made to the card.

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9 Block Schematic

ARC15

SDI IN+ EMBEDDED AUDIO

+ ANC DELAY

Eq

+

EDH processing VI/WSS

3-FIELD STORE

+

-

SDI OUT PROCESSED SDI OUT PROCESSED

VERTICAL HORIZONTAL SCALER R/Pr/Y

G/Y/CVBS

ENCODER 3/2 DETECT

SDI OUT RECLOCKED

FIELD SEQUENCER B/Pb/C

PREVIEW CAGE INSERT

μP

Rack controller INTERNAL SYNAPSE BUS

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10 Connector Panel The ARC15 can be used with the following backplane: BPL01, BPX01 or BPX03.

BPL01 SDI IN (OPTIONAL FIBER INPUT) SDI RECLOCKED OUT SDI PROCESSED OUT 1 SDI PROCESSED OUT 2 (OPTIONAL FIBER OUTPUT) G/Y/CVBS B/Pb/Y R/Pr/C

NC

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BPX01

BPX03

Appendix One Filter Modes There are four different filter-modes1. The two main modes are “VIDEO” and “FILM”. For normal video sources (camera, VCR etc.) the “VIDEO” filter mode is used.

The “FILM” mode is especially made for video-material scanned from a film. There is no motion between two fields because they are both scanned from one frame. To adapt the vertical scaling for the film sources, the vertical resolution is improved substantially.

The other two modes “Mixed” and “Film-Eff” are: a mix between video/film and a film effect filter.

1

These filter-modes works only temporally and therefore have no effect on horizontal scaling.

Video mode The “VIDEO” mode is the default and most used filter mode.

This filter mode uses three fields for the calculations of the processed field and is explained by the following picture.

field n-1 Field n

Field n

Field n+1

Field n+1

Field n+2

3 fields are used to improve the vertical resolution. For the calculation of the output field n, the three fields n-1, n and n+1 are used. The fields n-1 and n+1 are only used for improvement so the main influence is from field n.

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Film mode The “FILM” mode is especially made for video-material scanned from a film.

The ARC15 takes advantage of the fact that there is no motion between two fields because they are both scanned from the same frame. Before the vertical filter the two interlaced fields are combined to a non-interlaced frame. This improves the vertical resolution substantially.

Film usually is recorded at 24 Frames Per Second (FPS).

When transferring to 625 lines / 50 fields per second video standard (625/50) the film is played back 4% faster and each film-frame is mapped into 2 video fields

24 – 25 FPS transfer Film Frame =

Video = 25FPS ARC Input

Frame A

Frame B

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Used fields

ARC Output

field Ao

Field Ao

Field Ae

Field Ae

Field Bo

Field Bo

Field Be

Field Be

When transferring to 525 lines / 60 fields per second video standard (525/60) the 3/2 pulldown is used.

3/2 PULLDOWN SEQUENCE Film Frame =

Video = 30FPS ARC Input

Frame A

Frame B

Frame C

Used fields

ARC Output

Field Ao

Field Ao

Field Ae

Field Ae

Field Ao

Field Ao

Field Be

Field Be

Field Bo

Field Bo

Field Ce

Field Ce

Field Co

Field Co

Field Ce

Field Ce

The ARC15 automatically detects this 3/2 pulldown sequence

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Mixed mode The 3 field filtering of video mode implicates that at a sudden change in picture contents (a cut or scene change) can cause a little bit of “ghosting artefacts”. For just converting live signals or complete tapes this is no problem. If you have to edit the material after aspect ratio conversion the “ghosting artefacts” can cause a “ghost” from a field which have to be cut out and causes a intolerable fault.

The mixed mode uses the same sequence as in “Film”-625/50 mode and uses the filter coefficients of the video mode.

field Ao

Field Ao

Field Ae

Field Ae

Field Bo

Field Bo

Field Be

Field Be

For the calculation of field Ao, only the field Ae is used for improvement and the main influence is from field Ao. Editing after aspect ratio conversion on a frame-by-frame basis there are no “ghosting artefacts”. Care must be taken when the editing is on a field by field basis.

Film-effect mode The film-effect mode is made for a normal video source that, after conversion, it looks like that the material is scanned from a film. In this mode the vertical filter coefficients change with the same sequence as in film-mode.

Field mode

The field mode is made for fast moving pictures. When there is a lot of movement, this mode will process the output without ghosting.

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Appendix two

Some in- and output modes visualised

Inp_format

Out_format

25

Inp_format

Out_format

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