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Test Bank for Human Development A Life Span View 7th Edition by Kail Sample Chapter 13 1. Fifty-year-old Esmeralda has been a heavy smoker since her youth. In addition, she lives in a sunny climate and always has a deep tan. You would expect that she has ____ than most other people her age. a. more gray hair b. a larger middle-aged bulge c. more wrinkles d. less hair ANSWER: c REFERENCES: 13.1 Physical Changes and Health Physical Changes and Health LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KAIL.HDEV.16.13.1.1 – How does appearance change in middle age?

KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Apply 2. The metabolic slowdown common to individuals in their early 30s and mid-50s will lead to ____ in many males. a. gray hair b. a middle-aged bulge c. wrinkles d. hair loss ANSWER: b REFERENCES: 13.1 Physical Changes and Health LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KAIL.HDEV.16.13.1.1 – How does appearance change in middle age?

KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Understand 3. Osteoporosis is best thought of as involving a loss of bone a. brittleness. b. porousness. c. hormones. d. mass.

ANSWER: d REFERENCES: 13.1 Physical Changes and Health LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KAIL.HDEV.16.13.1.2 – What changes occur in bones and joints?

KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Understand

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4. As Dr. Benton is looking at an X-ray of bones in your leg, his comment, ____, would indicate that you may have osteoporosis. a. “I see less mass than normal” b. “I see excessive encapsulation” c. “I see a significant increase in density” d. “I see very little plaque” ANSWER: a REFERENCES: 13.1 Physical Changes and Health LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KAIL.HDEV.16.13.1.2 – What changes occur in bones and joints?

KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Apply 5. Who is at the greatest risk of currently experiencing osteoporosis? a. Martha, who is a 20-year-old female b. George, who is a 30-year-old male c. Mary, who is a 60-year-old female d. Abe, who is a 70-year-old male ANSWER: c REFERENCES: 13.1 Physical Changes and Health LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KAIL.HDEV.16.13.1.2 – What changes occur in bones and joints?

KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Apply 6. ____ is the leading cause of broken bones in older women. a. Osteoarthritis b. Rheumatoid arthritis c. Osteoporosis d. Car accidents ANSWER: c REFERENCES: 13.1 Physical Changes and Health LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KAIL.HDEV.16.13.1.2 – What changes occur in bones and joints?

KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Understand 7. Forty-five-year-old Marilyn, who is very concerned about osteoporosis, seeks medical advice from her physician. Which advice would her physician be least likely to give? a. “Let’s try increasing your alcohol consumption.” b. “Let’s try increasing your estrogen level.” c. “Let’s try increasing your exercise rate.” d. “Let’s try increasing your calcium consumption.”

ANSWER: a REFERENCES: 13.1 Physical Changes and Health LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KAIL.HDEV.16.13.1.2 – What changes occur in bones and joints?

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KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Apply 8. The rate of osteoporosis is directly affected by the metabolism rate of vitamin a. A. b. B. c. C. d. D. ANSWER: d REFERENCES: 13.1 Physical Changes and Health LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KAIL.HDEV.16.13.1.2 – What changes occur in bones and joints?

KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Understand 9. Connie is a knowledgeable individual so when her physician tells her that she will be put on a biophosphonate, Connie realizes that she most likely has a. menopause. b. high blood pressure. c. cancer. d. osteoporosis.

ANSWER: d REFERENCES: 13.1 Physical Changes and Health LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KAIL.HDEV.16.13.1.2 – What changes occur in bones and joints?

KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Apply 10. Which is best characterized as a “wear-and-tear” disease? a. Osteoporosis b. Osteoarthritis c. Rheumatoid arthritis d. Menopause ANSWER: b REFERENCES: 13.1 Physical Changes and Health LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KAIL.HDEV.16.13.1.2 – What changes occur in bones and joints?

KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Thinking Critically 11. Sixty-year-old Wendell is being examined by his physician. Wendell’s symptoms include joint pain that has gradually increased. When his doctor says, “Your pain is due to the damage to your cartilage caused by severe use over your lifetime,” you should correctly conclude that Wendell will be diagnosed with a. the climacteric. b. rheumatoid arthritis. c. osteoporosis. d. osteoarthritis.

ANSWER: d REFERENCES: 13.1 Physical Changes and Health

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LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KAIL.HDEV.16.13.1.2 – What changes occur in bones and joints?

KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Apply 12. Misha often experiences severe swelling and joint pain in her fingers and wrists each morning. This pattern of symptoms is most likely due to a. rheumatoid arthritis. b. osteoarthritis. c. the climacteric. d. osteoporosis.

ANSWER: a REFERENCES: 13.1 Physical Changes and Health LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KAIL.HDEV.16.13.1.2 – What changes occur in bones and joints?

KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Apply 13. Rheumatoid arthritis ____ osteoarthritis. a. is another name for b. impacts different joints than c. always precedes d. is a noninflammatory version of ANSWER: b REFERENCES: 13.1 Physical Changes and Health LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KAIL.HDEV.16.13.1.2 – What changes occur in bones and joints?

KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Thinking 14. One difference between osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis is that a. osteoarthritis is not painful. b. osteoarthritis typically occurs in adolescence. c. there is more swelling of the joints in rheumatoid arthritis. d. women are more likely to be affected by rheumatoid arthritis.

ANSWER: c REFERENCES: 13.1 Physical Changes and Health LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KAIL.HDEV.16.13.1.2 – What changes occur in bones and joints?

KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Thinking 15. Which statement concerning rheumatoid arthritis is true? a. Individuals with rheumatoid arthritis need to avoid aspirin. b. Rheumatoid arthritis is inherited. c. Symptoms of rheumatoid arthritis come and go. d. Rheumatoid arthritis affects large joints (e.g., hips) but not small joints (e.g., fingers).

ANSWER: c REFERENCES: 13.1 Physical Changes and Health

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LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KAIL.HDEV.16.13.1.2 – What changes occur in bones and joints?

KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Understand 16. The defining element of “the climacteric” involves the loss of a. the natural ability to produce children. b. cancer-fighting agents. c. emotional stability. d. blood flow through the circulatory system.

ANSWER: a REFERENCES: 13.1 Physical Changes and Health LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KAIL.HDEV.16.13.1.3 – What reproductive changes occur in men and women in middle age?

KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Understand 17. While at a checkup, 40-year-old Betty listens as her physician, Dr. White, describes Betty’s current health. Which of Dr. White’s statements would suggest that Betty is experiencing the climacteric? a. “Do genetic disorders run in your family?” b. “I hope that you have all the children you want.” c. “The loss of memory will be slow but significant.” d. “Some of your blood cells have begun to alter their shape.”

ANSWER: b REFERENCES: 13.1 Physical Changes and Health LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KAIL.HDEV.16.13.1.3 – What reproductive changes occur in men and women in middle age?

KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Apply 18. Fifty-five-year-old Claire stopped menstruating some time ago. She is disappointed because she really wanted to have more children. What would a competent physician tell her? a. “Sorry, your childbearing days are now behind you.” b. “Just stop taking hormones and you could get pregnant again.” c. “It may be possible for you to have more children via in vitro fertilization.” d. “If you do HRT, you have a good chance of getting pregnant.”

ANSWER: a REFERENCES: 13.1 Physical Changes and Health LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KAIL.HDEV.16.13.1.3 – What reproductive changes occur in men and women in middle age?

KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Apply 19. As women reach the climacteric, their menstruation cycles a. continue regularly for the remainder of their lives. b. become irregular and gradually stop altogether. c. become more and more irregular, but they never completely stop. d. stop all at once.

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ANSWER: b REFERENCES: 13.1 Physical Changes and Health LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KAIL.HDEV.16.13.1.3 – What reproductive changes occur in men and women in middle age?

KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Understand 20. How are menopause and the climacteric related? a. Menopause typically ends right before the climacteric. b. The climacteric typically ends right before menopause. c. Menopause occurs during the climacteric. d. Menopause and the climacteric are unrelated.

ANSWER: c REFERENCES: 13.1 Physical Changes and Health LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KAIL.HDEV.16.13.1.3 – What reproductive changes occur in men and women in middle age?

KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Thinking Critically 21. Shelly is a 46-year-old woman whose menstrual cycle has changed and is now more irregular and infrequent. Which term best describes Shelly’s condition? a. Menopause b. Midlife crisis c. Perimenopause d. Encapsulated ANSWER: c REFERENCES: 13.1 Physical Changes and Health LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KAIL.HDEV.16.13.1.3 – What reproductive changes occur in men and women in middle age?

KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Apply 22. Which of the following are hormonal-related symptoms of menopause? a. Poor respiration and hot flashes b. Hot flashes and vaginal dryness c. Vaginal dryness and joint stiffness d. Joint stiffness and poor respiration ANSWER: b REFERENCES: 13.1 Physical Changes and Health LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KAIL.HDEV.16.13.1.3 – What reproductive changes occur in men and women in middle age?

KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Understand 23. Perimenopause is accompanied by decreases in ____ and ____ levels. a. estrogen; progesterone b. estrogen;testosterone c. progesterone; cortisol d. cortisol; testosterone ANSWER: a

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REFERENCES: 13.1 Physical Changes and Health LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KAIL.HDEV.16.13.1.3 – What reproductive changes occur in men and women in middle age?

KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Understand 24. For Beth, menopause just ended. Which change should she expect? a. Enlarged vaginal walls b. Enlarged external genitalia c. Reduced vaginal lubrication d. Reduced possibility of painful intercourse ANSWER: c REFERENCES: 13.1 Physical Changes and Health LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KAIL.HDEV.16.13.1.3 – What reproductive changes occur in men and women in middle age?

KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Apply 25. The primary reason that elderly women show a decline in sexual activity involves a. a normal physiological lack of interest. b. failure to achieve orgasm. c. the lack of a willing or appropriate partner. d. pain associated with vaginal changes.

ANSWER: c REFERENCES: 13.1 Physical Changes and Health LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KAIL.HDEV.16.13.1.3 – What reproductive changes occur in men and women in middle age?

KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Understand 26. Serina is looking forward to menopause and aging. Based on this information, what is Serina’s ethnic background? a. Asian b. Middle Eastern c. European American d. Mayan ANSWER: d REFERENCES: 13.1 Physical Changes and Health LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KAIL.HDEV.16.13.1.3 – What reproductive changes occur in men and women in middle age?

KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Understand 27. Declining levels of estrogen typically do not increase the risk of a. osteoporosis. b. memory loss. c. weight loss. d. cardiovascular disease.

ANSWER: c

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REFERENCES: 13.1 Physical Changes and Health LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KAIL.HDEV.16.13.1.3 – What reproductive changes occur in men and women in middle age?

KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Understand 28. Albine’s physician has just informed her that she will need to begin hormone replacement therapy. In addition to estrogen, what hormone should Albine expect to be replaced? a. Dopamine b. Testosterone c. Serotonin d. Progesterone ANSWER: d REFERENCES: 13.1 Physical Changes and Health LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KAIL.HDEV.16.13.1.3 – What reproductive changes occur in men and women in middle age?

KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Apply 29. Results from the Women’s Health Initiative study begun in 1991 revealed that the risk for ____ decreased in those taking estrogen plus progestin. a. hip fractures b. blood clots c. breast cancer d. heart attack ANSWER: a REFERENCES: 13.1 Physical Changes and Health LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KAIL.HDEV.16.13.1.3 – What reproductive changes occur in men and women in middle age?

KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Understand 30. Yasmin is told that she will be taking selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs). What medical condition is most likely being treated? a. High blood pressure b. Menopause c. Breast cancer d. Rheumatoid arthritis ANSWER: b REFERENCES: 13.1 Physical Changes and Health LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KAIL.HDEV.16.13.1.3 – What reproductive changes occur in men and women in middle age?

KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Apply 31. At what age is women’s risk of cardiovascular disease equal to that of men’s? a. 50 b. 40 c. 60

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d. 30 ANSWER: c REFERENCES: 13.1 Physical Changes and Health LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KAIL.HDEV.16.13.1.3 – What reproductive changes occur in men and women in middle age?

KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Understand 32. Tom has always wanted to be a father but has not yet found an acceptable partner. He is now 35 years old, healthy, and beginning to be concerned about how much longer he will remain fertile. When he asks his doctor about this, his doctor tells him that he will probably be capable of fathering a child a. until he is about 45 years old. b. until he is about 65 years old. c. until he is about 85 years old. d. for the rest of his life.

ANSWER: d REFERENCES: 13.1 Physical Changes and Health LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KAIL.HDEV.16.13.1.3 – What reproductive changes occur in men and women in middle age?

KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Apply 33. Some males experience an age-related decline in ____ resulting in menopauselike symptoms. a. testosterone b. dopamine c. estrogen d. progestin ANSWER: a REFERENCES: 13.1 Physical Changes and Health LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KAIL.HDEV.16.13.1.3 – What reproductive changes occur in men and women in middle age?

KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Understand 34. As a typical middle-aged male, Rasheed will most likely experience a. a brief increase in sperm production. b. a shorter resolution phase. c. a prostate gland that becomes enlarged. d. more perceived demand to ejaculate.

ANSWER: c REFERENCES: 13.1 Physical Changes and Health LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KAIL.HDEV.16.13.1.3 – What reproductive changes occur in men and women in middle age?

KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Apply 35. The loss of an available partner in older age a. is a factor in the decrease in sexual intercourse for both men and women.

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b. is a factor in the decrease in sexual intercourse for men but not for women. c. is a factor in the decrease in sexual intercourse for women but not for men. d. is not a factor in the decrease in sexual intercourse for men or women.

ANSWER: a REFERENCES: 13.1 Physical Changes and Health LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KAIL.HDEV.16.13.1.3 – What reproductive changes occur in men and women in middle age?

KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Understand 36. Who is likely to experience the most job-related stress? a. Tina, who has complete control over her job b. Lena, who has moderate control over her job c. Katrina, who has some control over her job d. Deena, who has no control over her job ANSWER: d REFERENCES: 13.1 Physical Changes and Health LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KAIL.HDEV.16.13.1.4 – What is stress? How does it affect physical and psychological health?

KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Apply 37. For which occupation would you expect the least stress-related health problems? a. Social worker b. CEO of a computer company c. Truck driver d. Waiter ANSWER: b REFERENCES: 13.1 Physical Changes and Health KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Apply 38. Compared to the average middle-aged man, the average middle-aged woman tends to rate stressful experiences a. less negatively and to report more stress in family areas. b. experiences more negatively and to report more stress in family areas. c. experiences less negatively and to report more stress in financial areas. d. experiences more negatively and to report more stress in financial areas.

ANSWER: b REFERENCES: 13.1 Physical Changes and Health LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KAIL.HDEV.16.13.1.3 – What reproductive changes occur in men and women in middle age?

KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Understand 39. The stress and coping paradigm focuses on the interactive relationship between a. person and environment. b. mind and body. c. hormones and neurotransmitters.

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d. family and work.

ANSWER: a REFERENCES: 13.1 Physical Changes and Health LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KAIL.HDEV.16.13.1.4 – What is stress? How does it affect physical and psychological health?

KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Understand 40. Analyzing how a person thinks about her job and how that job situation ends up affecting the individual both psychologically and physically would be an example of an application of the a. encapsulation pattern. b. Type A behavior pattern. c. stress and coping paradigm. d. generativity versus stagnation paradigm.

ANSWER: c REFERENCES: 13.1 Physical Changes and Health LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KAIL.HDEV.16.13.1.4 – What is stress? How does it affect physical and psychological health?

KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Thinking Critically 41. Joy reads a note on her desk that says, “Joy, come to my office immediately.

Signed, The Boss.” Joy immediately interprets this message as a threat to her job and her livelihood and is not sure she can deal with it. Joy’s interpretation of this note exemplifies a. coping. b. an appraisal. c. stagnation. d. filial obligation.

ANSWER: b REFERENCES: 13.1 Physical Changes and Health LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KAIL.HDEV.16.13.1.4 – What is stress? How does it affect physical and psychological health?

KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Apply 42. Coping is defined as any a. attempt to deal with stress. b. attempt to deal with stress that is repeated on at least two occasions. c. rational attempt to deal with stress. d. successful attempt to deal with stress.

ANSWER: a REFERENCES: 13.1 Physical Changes and Health LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KAIL.HDEV.16.13.1.4 – What is stress? How does it affect physical and psychological health?

KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Understand 43. Heather is experiencing a great deal of stress. She has tried relaxation training,

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thinking about life events in a different way, and even talking to her friends. All of these strategies are best classified as attempts at a. repression. b. coping. c. stagnation. d. appraisal.

ANSWER: b REFERENCES: 13.1 Physical Changes and Health LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KAIL.HDEV.16.13.1.4 – What is stress? How does it affect physical and psychological health?

KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Apply 44. Stress has been shown to decrease a. angina. b. risk for irritable bowel syndrome. c. cholesterol levels. d. estrogen levels.

ANSWER: d REFERENCES: 13.1 Physical Changes and Health LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KAIL.HDEV.16.13.1.4 – What is stress? How does it affect physical and psychological health?

KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Understand 45. _____ is the process by which we categorize events into three groups based on the significance they have on our well-being: irrelevant, positive, or stressful. a. Secondary appraisal b. Menopause c. Primary appraisal d. Rappraisal ANSWER: c REFERENCES: 13.1 Physical Changes and Health LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KAIL.HDEV.16.13.1.4 – What is stress? How does it affect physical and psychological health?

KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Thinking Critically 46. Tabitha just had a conversation with her boss in which he told her that there would be some future layoffs due to budget cuts. Tabitha feels an increase in stress due to the conversation with her boss. She would be best described as experiencing a. primary appraisal. b. secondary appraisal. c. reappraisal. d. post-appraisal.

ANSWER: a REFERENCES: 13.1 Physical Changes and Health LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KAIL.HDEV.16.13.1.4 – What is stress? How does it affect

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physical and psychological health?

KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Apply 47. What is the name for the process we experience when we evaluate our ability to cope with a challenge? a. Post-appraisal b. Secondary appraisal c. Primary appraisal d. Reappraisal ANSWER: b REFERENCES: 13.1 Physical Changes and Health LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KAIL.HDEV.16.13.1.4 – What is stress? How does it affect physical and psychological health?

KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Understand 48. Stacy has lost her wallet with all of her cash, credit cards, and identification in it.

She asks herself, “What can I do about this?” Stacy is in the ____ process. a. reappraisal b. secondary appraisal c. post-appraisal d. primary appraisal ANSWER: b REFERENCES: 13.1 Physical Changes and Health LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KAIL.HDEV.16.13.1.4 – What is stress? How does it affect physical and psychological health?

KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Apply 49. Jen has heard that Ben is cheating on her, but does not believe it. However, after being shown pictures of Ben interacting romantically with another woman, Jen believes him to be cheating and feels more stress. Jen is experiencing a. reappraisal. b. post-appraisal. c. primary appraisal. d. secondary appraisal.

ANSWER: a REFERENCES: 13.1 Physical Changes and Health LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KAIL.HDEV.16.13.1.4 – What is stress? How does it affect physical and psychological health?

KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Thinking Critically 50. Sylvester is extremely anxious about an upcoming physics exam. He cancels his plans with his friends and stays home to study an extra day. Sylvester is practicing a. emotion-focused coping. b. appraisal. c. mindfulness-based stress reduction. d. problem-focused coping.

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ANSWER: d REFERENCES: 13.1 Physical Changes and Health LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KAIL.HDEV.16.13.1.4 – What is stress? How does it affect physical and psychological health?

KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Apply 51. Yoga and meditation are examples of a. aerobic exercise. b. primary appraisal. c. mindfulness-based stress reduction. d. secondary appraisal.

ANSWER: c REFERENCES: 13.1 Physical Changes and Health LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KAIL.HDEV.16.13.1.4 – What is stress? How does it affect physical and psychological health?

KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Thinking Critically 52. After being robbed at gunpoint at night, Chelsea is anxious and is afraid to leave her house after dark. Chelsea is experiencing symptoms of a. depression. b. post-traumatic stress disorder. c. stress reduction. d. cardiovascular disease.

ANSWER: b REFERENCES: 13.1 Physical Changes and Health LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KAIL.HDEV.16.13.1.4 – What is stress? How does it affect physical and psychological health?

KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Understand 53. Exercise a. is not related to physical health. b. can significantly slow the aging process. c. is beneficial to health but does not affect the aging process. d. should be avoided by people over 50 years old.

ANSWER: b REFERENCES: 13.1 Physical Changes and Health LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KAIL.HDEV.16.13.1.5 – What benefits are there to exercise?

KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Understand 54. Aerobic exercise is defined as a pulse rate between ____ percent of a person’s maximum rate. a. 40-70 b. 50-80 c. 60-90 d. 70-100 ANSWER: c

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REFERENCES: 13.1 Physical Changes and Health LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KAIL.HDEV.16.13.1.5 – What benefits are there to exercise?

KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Understand 55. Which runner is engaging in aerobic exercise? a. John, a 20-year-old whose heart rate is 210 b. Denver, a 40-year-old whose heart rate is 100 c. Sean, a 50-year-old whose heart rate is 130 d. Austin, a 90 years old whose heart rate is 50 ANSWER: c REFERENCES: 13.1 Physical Changes and Health LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KAIL.HDEV.16.13.1.5 – What benefits are there to exercise?

KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Apply 56. A person’s maximum heart rate is calculated by subtracting his or her age from a. 100. b. 160. c. 220. d. 280.

ANSWER: c REFERENCES: 13.1 Physical Changes and Health LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KAIL.HDEV.16.13.1.5 – What benefits are there to exercise?

KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Understand 57. Max engages in regular aerobic exercise. Relative to those who do not exercise, Max is likely to a. be more depressed. b. function better cognitively. c. show inhibited oxygen consumption. d. have higher blood pressure.

ANSWER: b REFERENCES: 13.1 Physical Changes and Health LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KAIL.HDEV.16.13.1.5 – What benefits are there to exercise?

KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Apply 58. ____ intelligence is defined as involving the skills and knowledge necessary for adapting to one’s physical and social environment. a. Fluid b. Traditional c. Practical d. Unexercised ANSWER: c REFERENCES: 13.2 Cognitive Development LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KAIL.HDEV.16.13.2.1 – How does practical intelligence develop in adulthood?

KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Understand

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59. Though Elsa does not score particularly high on traditional intelligence tests, she is very good at understanding income tax forms, can deal well with all different kinds of people, and is a good troubleshooter around the home and office. Elsa exhibits a. concrete thinking. b. fluid intelligence. c. high unexercised ability. d. practical intelligence.

ANSWER: d REFERENCES: 13.2 Cognitive Development LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KAIL.HDEV.16.13.2.1 – How does practical intelligence develop in adulthood?

KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Apply 60. Dr. Zorba is giving 44-year-old Annette an intelligence test. Annette finds that she really likes answering the questions because they seem to be based on her life experiences. Dr. Zorba is most likely attempting to assess Annette’s a. practical intelligence. b. generativity. c. ego resilience. d. fluid intelligence.

ANSWER: a REFERENCES: 13.2 Cognitive Development LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KAIL.HDEV.16.13.2.1 – How does practical intelligence develop in adulthood?

KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Apply 61. Which is the best example of a measure of practical intelligence? a. The MMPI b. The Stanford-Binet c. Knowing how to balance a checkbook d. Knowing the square root of every number less than 100 ANSWER: c REFERENCES: 13.2 Cognitive Development LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KAIL.HDEV.16.13.2.1 – How does practical intelligence develop in adulthood?

KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Thinking Critically 62. Which of the following is true about real-life problems? a. People are not motivated to solve them. b. Personal experience is irrelevant. c. They have more than one correct answer. d. They are very similar to traditional tests of intelligence.

ANSWER: c REFERENCES: 13.2 Cognitive Development

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LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KAIL.HDEV.16.13.2.1 – How does practical intelligence develop in adulthood?

KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Understand 63. Dharma is upset with the lack of manners her husband Greg displays while eating, so she looks away or leaves the table each time her husband behaves this way. Dharma’s response is best classified as a. a cognitive analysis. b. passive-dependent. c. avoidant thinking. d. problem-focused action.

ANSWER: b REFERENCES: 13.2 Cognitive Development LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KAIL.HDEV.16.13.2.1 – How does practical intelligence develop in adulthood?

KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Apply 64. When confronted with a problem in his relationships with his wife, Frank scoffs it off, saying “Ahhh, that’s not really an issue…it will work itself out.” This is probably best classified as a. cognitive analysis. b. avoidant thinking. c. passive-dependent behavior. d. problem-focused action.

ANSWER: b REFERENCES: 13.2 Cognitive Development LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KAIL.HDEV.16.13.2.1 – How does practical intelligence develop in adulthood?

KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Apply 65. McGuyver is trapped in a room with seemingly no way out. While contemplating his escape, he thinks about how part of the bed in the room could be used to make a helicopter. This practical thought is best classified as a. problem-focused action. b. cognitive analysis. c. avoidant thinking. d. denial.

ANSWER: b REFERENCES: 13.2 Cognitive Development LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KAIL.HDEV.16.13.2.1 – How does practical intelligence develop in adulthood?

KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Apply 66. What would best be classified as an instrumental task? a. Taking an IQ test b. Teaching at a college

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c. Climbing Mount Everest d. Driving to work ANSWER: d REFERENCES: 13.2 Cognitive Development LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KAIL.HDEV.16.13.2.1 – How does practical intelligence develop in adulthood?

KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Apply 67. According to research by Blanchard-Fields (2007), ____ of an middle-aged adult would most likely to be dealt with via avoidance-denial. a. death of a spouse b. buying groceries c. mowing the lawn d. writing a thank you note ANSWER: a REFERENCES: 13.2 Cognitive Development LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KAIL.HDEV.16.13.2.1 – How does practical intelligence develop in adulthood?

KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Thinking Critically 68. Who is most likely to deal with an instrumental problem using a problemfocused strategy? a. 10-year-old Buddy b. 20-year-old Holly c. 30-year-old Ray d. 40-year-old Charles ANSWER: d REFERENCES: 13.2 Cognitive Development LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KAIL.HDEV.16.13.2.1 – How does practical intelligence develop in adulthood?

KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Apply 69. Based on research, which of the following statements best summarizes how middle-aged adults solve problems? a. Middle-aged adults solve all problems with a problem-focused approach. b. Middle-aged adults solve all problems with a passive-dependent approach. c. Middle-aged adults solve problems similarly regardless of the emotional issues involved. d. Middle-aged adults solve problems differently depending on the type of problem.

ANSWER: d REFERENCES: 13.2 Cognitive Development LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KAIL.HDEV.16.13.2.1 – How does practical intelligence develop in adulthood?

KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Apply 70. What description does not accurately describe the skills that people with high

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practical intelligence have? a. People with higher practical intelligence come up with more efficient ways to solve problems in daily life. b. People with higher practical intelligence are able to deal with change more quickly. c. People with higher practical intelligence are able to persuade people to change the way they do things. d. People with higher practical intelligence plan more effectively to prevent problems.

ANSWER: d REFERENCES: 13.2 Cognitive Development LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KAIL.HDEV.16.13.2.1 – How does practical intelligence develop in adulthood?

KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Thinking Critically 71. The mechanics of intelligence best fits with which description? a. Experienced-based b. Neurophysiological c. Content-rich d. Culturally dependent ANSWER: b REFERENCES: 13.2 Cognitive Development LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KAIL.HDEV.16.13.2.1 – How does practical intelligence develop in adulthood?

KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Thinking Critically 72. The ____ of intelligence is most likely to be affected by the culture in which you were raised. a. process of thinking b. mechanics c. information processing d. pragmatics ANSWER: d REFERENCES: 13.2 Cognitive Development LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KAIL.HDEV.16.13.2.1 – How does practical intelligence develop in adulthood?

KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Thinking Critically 73. Mechanics of intelligence is to pragmatics of intelligence as a. thoughts are to hormones. b. battery is to automobile. c. fluid is to crystallized. d. real life is to theoretical ANSWER: c REFERENCES: 13.2 Cognitive Development

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LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KAIL.HDEV.16.13.2.1 – How does practical intelligence develop in adulthood?

KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Thinking Critically 74. The “biological process of thinking” would be best associated with a. neuroticism. b. the mechanics of intelligence. c. cultural influences. d. the pragmatics of intelligence.

ANSWER: b REFERENCES: 13.2 Cognitive Development LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KAIL.HDEV.16.13.2.1 – How does practical intelligence develop in adulthood?

KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Thinking Critically 75. Which term does not belong with the rest? a. Pragmatics of intelligence b. Mechanics of intelligence c. Psychological force impact on intelligence d. Sociocultural force impact on intelligence ANSWER: b REFERENCES: 13.2 Cognitive Development LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KAIL.HDEV.16.13.2.1 – How does practical intelligence develop in adulthood?

KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Thinking Critically 76. Which best exemplifies a sociocultural impact on intelligence? a. Learning how to drive by practicing driving b. Americans who fear those from the Middle East following the 9/11 attacks c. An increase in synaptic connections that results in a higher test score d. Learning to cook by reading a cookbook ANSWER: b REFERENCES: 13.2 Cognitive Development LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KAIL.HDEV.16.13.2.1 – How does practical intelligence develop in adulthood?

KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Apply 77. Which describes the normal pattern of pragmatics and mechanics intelligence development between ages 25 and 70? a. Both pragmatics and mechanics increase with age. b. Both pragmatics and mechanics decrease with age. c. Pragmatics remains constant while mechanics decreases. d. Mechanics remains constant while pragmatics decreases.

ANSWER: c REFERENCES: 13.2 Cognitive Development LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KAIL.HDEV.16.13.2.1 – How does practical intelligence

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develop in adulthood?

KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Understand 78. Paula is an expert on the history of rock music while Donald is a novice. This means that Paula ____ than Donald. a. is less curious about rock music b. is more intelligent c. uses more steps in the thinking process when coming up with answers about rock music d. is more effective at determining correct solutions concerning rock music ANSWER: d REFERENCES: 13.2 Cognitive Development LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KAIL.HDEV.16.13.2.2 – How does a person become an expert?

KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Apply 79. How is expert problem-solving different from problem-solving by a novice? a. Novices are more curious b. Experts come to solutions faster c. Novices follow fewer rules d. Experts demonstrate less flexibility in thought ANSWER: b REFERENCES: 13.2 Cognitive Development LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KAIL.HDEV.16.13.2.2 – How does a person become an expert?

KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Understand 80. Which of the following is one of the outcomes of expertise? a. An increase in the ability to explain how one arrives at a particular answer b. Less flexible thinking c. Less focused thinking d. A decrease in the ability to explain how one arrives at a particular answer ANSWER: d REFERENCES: 13.2 Cognitive Development LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KAIL.HDEV.16.13.2.2 – How does a person become an expert?

KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Understand 81. Which of the following is true about expertise? a. It is inefficient. b. It is inflexible. c. It is selective. d. It cannot be learned.

ANSWER: c REFERENCES: 13.2 Cognitive Development LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KAIL.HDEV.16.13.2.2 – How does a person become an

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expert?

KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Apply 82. One negative effect of expertise is the a. inability to solve practical problems. b. loss of the ability to explain why you came to a correct solution. c. increase in the time that is takes to solve a task. d. loss of other knowledge in the same area.

ANSWER: b REFERENCES: 13.2 Cognitive Development LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KAIL.HDEV.16.13.2.2 – How does a person become an expert?

KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Thinking Critically 83. Expert performance tends to peak in ____ and drop off ____. a. young adulthood; significantly thereafter b. young adulthood; slightly thereafter c. middle adulthood; significantly thereafter d. middle adulthood; slightly thereafter ANSWER: d REFERENCES: 13.2 Cognitive Development LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KAIL.HDEV.16.13.2.2 – How does a person become an expert?

KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Understand 84. What is an example of an internal motivator for adults to learn something new? a. Job promotion b. Family time c. Personal satisfaction d. Pay raise ANSWER: c REFERENCES: 13.2 Cognitive Development LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KAIL.HDEV.16.13.2.3 – What is meant by lifelong learning?

What differences are there between adults and young people in how they learn?

KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Understand 85. Darejeh and Singh (2014) concluded that self-learning is improved by taking ____ differences into account. a. instructor b. learner c. generativity d. external motivators ANSWER: b REFERENCES: 13.2 Cognitive Development LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KAIL.HDEV.16.13.2.3 – What is meant by lifelong learning?

What differences are there between adults and young people in how they learn?

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KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Understand 86. Which statement between adult learners and their younger counterparts is true? a. Adults are more willing to learn about abstract problems. b. Adults tend to be more motivated by internal factors. c. Younger learners tend to have a larger variety of experiences on which they can build. d. Younger learners have a higher need to know why they should learn something.

ANSWER: b REFERENCES: 13.2 Cognitive Development LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KAIL.HDEV.16.13.2.3 – What is meant by lifelong learning?

What differences are there between adults and young people in how they learn?

KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Thinking Critically 87. At which age is the debate of personality stability versus change most heated? a. The teen years b. Young adulthood c. Middle age d. Old age ANSWER: c REFERENCES: 13.3 Personality LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KAIL.HDEV.16.13.3.1 – What is the five-factor model? What evidence is there for stability in personality traits?

KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Understand 88. Costa and McCrae’s model of personality, which includes dimensions like conscientiousness, neuroticism, and openness to experience, is commonly referred to as the ____ model. a. humanistic b. centrality c. five-factor d. psychodynamic ANSWER: c REFERENCES: 13.3 Personality LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KAIL.HDEV.16.13.3.1 – What is the five-factor model? What evidence is there for stability in personality traits?

KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Understand 89. What are the five factors in the five-factor model? a. Types of intelligence b. Abilities c. Stress and coping processes d. Dimensions/traits ANSWER: d REFERENCES: 13.3 Personality LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KAIL.HDEV.16.13.3.1 – What is the five-factor model? What

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evidence is there for stability in personality traits?

KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Thinking Critically 90. An individual low on the ____ characteristic would likely be described as eventempered and comfortable. a. neuroticism b. openness to experience c. conscientiousness d. agreeableness ANSWER: a REFERENCES: 13.3 Personality LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KAIL.HDEV.16.13.3.1 – What is the five-factor model? What evidence is there for stability in personality traits?

KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Thinking Critically 91. Regis is asked to describe what it is like to work with Kathy Lee. In response, he says, “She is mean, anxious, and really self-conscious.” This description best matches a person scoring high on Costa and McCrae’s ____ personality dimension. a. neuroticism b. openness to experience c. extroversion d. agreeableness ANSWER: a REFERENCES: 13.3 Personality LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KAIL.HDEV.16.13.3.1 – What is the five-factor model? What evidence is there for stability in personality traits?

KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Apply 92. If Barney is accurately described as being very even-tempered and unemotional, he would likely score very low on a test of a. openness to new experience. b. agreeableness. c. encapsulation. d. neuroticism.

ANSWER: d REFERENCES: 13.3 Personality LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KAIL.HDEV.16.13.3.1 – What is the five-factor model? What evidence is there for stability in personality traits?

KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Apply 93. Newt is known for being very opinionated, extremely sociable, and loving a challenge. According to the Five-Factor model, Newt is best thought of as being a. neurotic. b. introverted. c. extroverted. d. agreeable.

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ANSWER: c REFERENCES: 13.3 Personality LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KAIL.HDEV.16.13.3.1 – What is the five-factor model? What evidence is there for stability in personality traits?

KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Apply 94. Since she has what Costa and McCrae would classify as a “highly extroverted” personality, you would expect that Samantha would be described by others as a. “a psychopath.” b. “nice as you could imagine.” c. “lazy and disorganized.” d. “loving the spotlight.”

ANSWER: d REFERENCES: 13.3 Personality LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KAIL.HDEV.16.13.3.1 – What is the five-factor model? What evidence is there for stability in personality traits?

KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Apply 95. Kevin is described by friends as having a great imagination and being willing to try anything once. Given this description, Kevin would most likely score very high on a scale of a. agreeableness. b. openness to experience. c. neuroticism. d. conscientiousness.

ANSWER: b REFERENCES: 13.3 Personality LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KAIL.HDEV.16.13.3.1 – What is the five-factor model? What evidence is there for stability in personality traits?

KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Apply 96. Which trait fits someone who scores low on an openness to experience assessment? a. Risk-taking b. Antagonistic c. Ambitious d. Uncurious ANSWER: d REFERENCES: 13.3 Personality LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KAIL.HDEV.16.13.3.1 – What is the five-factor model? What evidence is there for stability in personality traits?

KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Thinking Critically 97. Because she has what Costa and McCrae would classify as an “agreeable” personality, you would expect that Marcy would be described by others as a a. “wallflower.”

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b. “party animal.” c. “meanie.” d. “joy to be around.”

ANSWER: d REFERENCES: 13.3 Personality LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KAIL.HDEV.16.13.3.1 – What is the five-factor model? What evidence is there for stability in personality traits?

KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Apply 98. A low score on the ____ personality dimension has been associated with having a Type A personality. a. agreeableness b. openness to experience c. neuroticism d. extroversion ANSWER: a REFERENCES: 13.3 Personality LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KAIL.HDEV.16.13.3.1 – What is the five-factor model? What evidence is there for stability in personality traits?

KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Thinking Critically 99. On which personality dimension would someone who is stingy, critical, and suspicious score the lowest? a. Neuroticism b. Extraversion c. Agreeableness d. Conscientiousness ANSWER: c REFERENCES: 13.3 Personality LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KAIL.HDEV.16.13.3.1 – What is the five-factor model? What evidence is there for stability in personality traits?

KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Thinking Critically 100. Ruth is determined to become president of the corporation. She works more than 10 hours per day, is meticulous in her work, and sticks with the most difficult projects until they are completed. Ruth would most likely score highly on a scale that measured a. conscientiousness. b. agreeableness. c. extroversion. d. openness to experience.

ANSWER: a REFERENCES: 13.3 Personality LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KAIL.HDEV.16.13.3.1 – What is the five-factor model? What evidence is there for stability in personality traits?

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KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Apply 101. Ahmed is in charge of hiring new employees for his company. He wants to hire people who are very organized, responsible, and will work hard for the company. In which trait is Ahmed most interested? a. Agreeableness b. Extroversion c. Conscientiousness d. Openness to experience ANSWER: c REFERENCES: 13.3 Personality LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KAIL.HDEV.16.13.3.1 – What is the five-factor model? What evidence is there for stability in personality traits?

KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Thinking Critically 102. Which person is most likely to experience difficulty getting along with others? a. Reuben, who is low on conscientiousness b. Tabitha, who is low on neuroticism c. Juan, who is low on extroversion d. Marina, who is low on agreeableness ANSWER: d REFERENCES: 13.3 Personality LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KAIL.HDEV.16.13.3.1 – What is the five-factor model? What evidence is there for stability in personality traits?

KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Thinking Critically 103. Which statement best describes the findings from most longitudinal studies of personality stability? a. Personality traits are fairly stable across adulthood. b. Individuals become more psychopathic with age. c. Personality traits at age 20 predict virtually nothing at age 60. d. Individuals become more extroverted and open to experience with age.

ANSWER: a REFERENCES: 13.3 Personality LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KAIL.HDEV.16.13.3.1 – What is the five-factor model? What evidence is there for stability in personality traits?

KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Thinking Critically 104. Harvey is 32 years old, extroverted, very conscientious, and not open to experience. Based on the longitudinal research of Costa and McCrae’s personality dimensions, what will Harvey be like when he is 62 years old? a. Extroverted, conscientious, and open to experience b. Not extroverted, conscientious, and not open to experience c. Extroverted, conscientious, and not open to experience d. Extroverted, not conscientious, and not open to experience ANSWER: c

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REFERENCES: 13.3 Personality LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KAIL.HDEV.16.13.3.1 – What is the five-factor model? What evidence is there for stability in personality traits?

KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Apply 105. Research suggests that during middle age, personality as reported by a. both self-report and by a spouse changes dramatically. b. self-report changes dramatically and by a spouse remains stable. c. a spouse changes dramatically and by self-report remains stable. d. both self-report and by a spouse remains stable.

ANSWER: d REFERENCES: 13.3 Personality LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KAIL.HDEV.16.13.3.1 – What is the five-factor model? What evidence is there for stability in personality traits?

KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Understand 106. Which statement is true regarding the study of the Big Five conducted by Srivastava and colleagues (2003)? a. It was an experimental study. b. It supported the notion that the Big Five are “set in plaster.” c. It was associated with several ethical concerns. d. It was a cross-sectional study.

ANSWER: d REFERENCES: 13.3 Personality LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KAIL.HDEV.16.13.3.1 – What is the five-factor model? What evidence is there for stability in personality traits?

KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Understand 107. Which statement is true regarding the findings of the Big Five study conducted

by Srivastava and colleagues (2003)? a. Agreeableness decreased over time b. Extraversion increased over time c. Neuroticism changed over time for women d. Conscientiousness was stable over adulthood ANSWER: c REFERENCES: 13.3 Personality LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KAIL.HDEV.16.13.3.1 – What is the five-factor model? What evidence is there for stability in personality traits?

KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Understand 108. Which statement best describes a methological problem with the study of the Big Five conducted by Srivastava and colleagues (2003)? a. The responses were based on self-report rather than observed traits. b. The use of Internet sites provides a representative sample. c. They drew cause-and-effect conclusions based on correlational data. d. You cannot generalize on the basis of case study data.

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ANSWER: a REFERENCES: 13.3 Personality LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KAIL.HDEV.16.13.3.1 – What is the five-factor model? What evidence is there for stability in personality traits?

KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Thinking Critically 109. Which statement would be the most legitimate criticism of the study of the Big Five conducted by Srivastava and colleagues (2003)? a. The sample was not large enough. b. The use of Internet sites provides a non-representative sample. c. They drew cause-and-effect conclusions based on correlational data. d. You cannot generalize on the basis of case study data.

ANSWER: b REFERENCES: 13.3 Personality LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KAIL.HDEV.16.13.3.1 – What is the five-factor model? What evidence is there for stability in personality traits?

KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Thinking Critically 110. Erik Erikson believes that midlife involves a psychosocial crisis involving characteristics of a. trust versus mistrust. b. generativity versus stagnation. c. industry versus inferiority. d. identity versus role confusion.

ANSWER: b REFERENCES: 13.3 Personality LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KAIL.HDEV.16.13.3.2 – What changes occur in people’s priorities and personal concerns? How does a person achieve generativity? How is midlife best described?

KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Understand 111. Which statement best reflects Erikson’s concept of generativity? a. “Help the children, for they are our future.” b. “If I have lived the good life, death will be welcomed.” c. “I am comfortable with the love relationships in my life.” d. “If you trust others, you trust yourself.”

ANSWER: a REFERENCES: 13.3 Personality LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KAIL.HDEV.16.13.3.2 – What changes occur in people’s priorities and personal concerns? How does a person achieve generativity? How is midlife best described?

KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Apply 112. Earlier in his career, Monte was most interested in climbing the corporate ladder and making as much money as he could. Now, Monte is most interested in mentoring younger business professionals, helping them become better at what

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they do, and thus helping the company flourish. Which best describes the change in Monte? a. A fun-seeking style b. Generativity c. A distant style d. Openness to experience ANSWER: b REFERENCES: 13.3 Personality LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KAIL.HDEV.16.13.3.2 – What changes occur in people’s priorities and personal concerns? How does a person achieve generativity? How is midlife best described?

KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Apply 113. How many of the following would be ways to demonstrating generativity: parenting, mentoring, volunteering, and shopping? a. one b. two c. three d. four ANSWER: c REFERENCES: 13.3 Personality LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KAIL.HDEV.16.13.3.2 – What changes occur in people’s priorities and personal concerns? How does a person achieve generativity? How is midlife best described?

KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Apply 114. An individual characterizing what Erikson called “stagnation” is unable to a. make meaningful appraisals concerning hassles. b. form a superego. c. contribute to a society’s continuation. d. think in an encapsulated manner.

ANSWER: c REFERENCES: 13.3 Personality LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KAIL.HDEV.16.13.3.2 – What changes occur in people’s priorities and personal concerns? How does a person achieve generativity? How is midlife best described?

KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Thinking Critically 115. Which of Diane’s traits would indicate that she is in a state of stagnation? a. Vivid imagination b. Self-indulgent c. Energetic d. Hostile ANSWER: b REFERENCES: 13.3 Personality

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LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KAIL.HDEV.16.13.3.2 – What changes occur in people’s priorities and personal concerns? How does a person achieve generativity? How is midlife best described?

KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Apply 116. When he was much younger, Garnett was a star on his college basketball team.

Now, he is the assistant coach of the team. Even though he is too old to play pro basketball, he is consumed by what could have been and still dreams of life as a professional basketball player. As a result, Garnett is frequently frustrated by the younger players who to him seem to be lazy and not utilizing their natural ability.

Obviously, he is not a very good coach. What term best describes Garnett’s situation? a. Generativity b. Filial obligation c. Encapsulation d. Stagnation ANSWER: d REFERENCES: 13.3 Personality LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KAIL.HDEV.16.13.3.2 – What changes occur in people’s priorities and personal concerns? How does a person achieve generativity? How is midlife best described?

KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Apply 117. As a caring uncle, Ben derives a lot of satisfaction when his niece performs well in her basketball games. Ben, however, has no real interest in actually teaching her how to improve her basketball skills. McAdams would cite this as a good example of a. extroversion. b. generative action. c. neuroticism. d. generative concern.

ANSWER: d REFERENCES: 13.3 Personality LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KAIL.HDEV.16.13.3.2 – What changes occur in people’s priorities and personal concerns? How does a person achieve generativity? How is midlife best described?

KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Apply 118. Which statement is true in middle age? a. Both generative concern and generative action relate to life satisfaction. b. Generative concern relates to life satisfaction but generative action does not. c. Generative action relates to life satisfaction but generative concern does not. d. Neither generative concern nor generative action relate to life satisfaction.

ANSWER: b REFERENCES: 13.3 Personality LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KAIL.HDEV.16.13.3.2 – What changes occur in people’s

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priorities and personal concerns? How does a person achieve generativity? How is midlife best described?

KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Thinking Critically 119. An individual with high generativity would most likely have a. a satisfactory marriage. b. no children. c. a depressed spouse. d. few friends ANSWER: a REFERENCES: 13.3 Personality LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KAIL.HDEV.16.13.3.2 – What changes occur in people’s priorities and personal concerns? How does a person achieve generativity? How is midlife best described?

KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Thinking Critically 120. The notion of a “midlife crisis” is a. common in the popular press and supported by research. b. uncommon in the popular press and supported by research. c. common in the popular press and unsupported by research. d. uncommon in the popular press and unsupported by research.

ANSWER: c REFERENCES: 13.3 Personality LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KAIL.HDEV.16.13.3.2 – What changes occur in people’s priorities and personal concerns? How does a person achieve generativity? How is midlife best described?

KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Understand 121. Which statement on “midlife crisis” is true? a. Midlife crises are common in both males and females. b. Midlife crises are not universal. c. Midlife crises are typically triggered by generativity. d. A midlife crisis usually has a profound effect on one’s gender-role identity.

ANSWER: b REFERENCES: 13.3 Personality LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KAIL.HDEV.16.13.3.2 – What changes occur in people’s priorities and personal concerns? How does a person achieve generativity? How is midlife best described?

KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Thinking Critically 122. Reevaluating one’s roles and dreams and making the necessary corrections is called a midlife a. encapsulation. b. crisis. c. intervention. d. correction.

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ANSWER: d REFERENCES: 13.3 Personality LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KAIL.HDEV.16.13.3.2 – What changes occur in people’s priorities and personal concerns? How does a person achieve generativity? How is midlife best described?

KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Understand 123. What is the major role of a “kinkeeper?” a. Keeping track of the family finances b. Keeping a semiformal family history c. Keeping a sense of “traditional family values” d. Keeping family members in touch with one another ANSWER: d REFERENCES: 13.4 Family Dynamics and Middle Age LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KAIL.HDEV.16.13.4.1 – Who are the kinkeepers in families?

KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Understand 124. Kay always does her best to make sure her children, parents, in-laws, and siblings get together for holidays, anniversaries, and birthdays. Kay would best be described as a(n) a. enabler. b. conservationist. c. kinkeeper. d. matriarch.

ANSWER: c REFERENCES: 13.4 Family Dynamics and Middle Age LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KAIL.HDEV.16.13.4.1 – Who are the kinkeepers in families?

KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Apply 125. Which of these individuals is most likely to be a “kinkeeper?” a. Ben, a 20-year-old father b. Evelyn, a 45-year-old mother c. Charlie, a 45-year-old father d. Stephanie, a 20-year-old mother ANSWER: b REFERENCES: 13.4 Family Dynamics and Middle Age LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KAIL.HDEV.16.13.4.1 – Who are the kinkeepers in families?

KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Apply 126. What are the “pieces of bread” on either side of the “sandwich generation?” a. Job and family b. Generativity and stagnation c. Parents and children d. Stress and coping ANSWER: c REFERENCES: 13.4 Family Dynamics and Middle Age

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LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KAIL.HDEV.16.13.4.1 – Who are the kinkeepers in families?

KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Thinking Critically 127. Nina feels like she is being pulled apart from two different directions. On the one hand, she has her two daughters to take care of, and on the other hand, she now has to also take care of her ailing mother and father. Which term best describes the situation in which Nina finds herself? a. Practical intelligence b. High neuroticism c. Cultural conservator d. Sandwich generation ANSWER: d REFERENCES: 13.4 Family Dynamics and Middle Age LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KAIL.HDEV.16.13.4.1 – Who are the kinkeepers in families?

KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Apply 128. How could Silvia enter the “sandwich generation?” a. Get married. b. Have her father move in with her while she is still caring for a child at home. c. Enter a nursing home. d. Have her youngest child finally go to college, leaving her at home with just her husband.

ANSWER: b REFERENCES: 13.4 Family Dynamics and Middle Age LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KAIL.HDEV.16.13.4.1 – Who are the kinkeepers in families?

KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Apply 129. Having a positive experience of an empty nest is most strongly influenced by a. how well parents believe they did in their job as parents. b. how quickly children move back into the house. c. how much emotional support parents provide for their children. d. how much financial help parents provide to their children.

ANSWER: a REFERENCES: 13.4 Family Dynamics and Middle Age LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KAIL.HDEV.16.13.4.2 – How does the relationship between middle-aged parents and their young adult children change?

KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Thinking Critically 130. Which 25-year-old is most likely to move back home with his or her parent? a. A female with a college GPA of 2.5 b. A male with a college GPA of 2.5 c. A female with a college GPA of 3.5 d. A male with a college GPA of 3.5 ANSWER: b REFERENCES: 13.4 Family Dynamics and Middle Age LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KAIL.HDEV.16.13.4.2 – How does the relationship between

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middle-aged parents and their young adult children change?

KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Apply 131. How is gender related to caring for an aging parent? a. A son or son-in-law is typically responsible for care. b. A daughter or daughter-in-law is typically responsible for care. c. Gender matters but which one provides care varies by culture. d. Gender does not influence who provides care.

ANSWER: b REFERENCES: 13.4 Family Dynamics and Middle Age LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KAIL.HDEV.16.13.4.3 – How do middle-aged adults deal with their aging parents?

KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Understand 132. The comment, “My parents cared for me for 18 years; I really should not complain about having to take care of them for a while when they are ill” provides an example of a. kinkeeping. b. generativity. c. filial obligation. d. introversion.

ANSWER: c REFERENCES: 13.4 Family Dynamics and Middle Age LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KAIL.HDEV.16.13.4.3 – How do middle-aged adults deal with their aging parents?

KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Thinking Critically 133. Filial obligation is based on a sense of a. independence. b. openness to experience. c. stagnation. d. responsibility.

ANSWER: d REFERENCES: 13.4 Family Dynamics and Middle Age LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KAIL.HDEV.16.13.4.3 – How do middle-aged adults deal with their aging parents?

KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Thinking Critically 134. You are a frail, elderly individual who needs care. If you are like most people in your situation, it is most likely that you are being cared for by a. a nursing home facility. b. a hospital. c. your siblings. d. your children.

ANSWER: d REFERENCES: 13.4 Family Dynamics and Middle Age

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LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KAIL.HDEV.16.13.4.3 – How do middle-aged adults deal with their aging parents?

KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Apply 135. The two key sources of stress for adults caring for their parents include whether the child is coping with a parent’s functional decline and if the care a. is temporary. b. is perceived as infringing on the caregiver’s other responsibilities. c. takes place in the parent’s home. d. takes place in a private facility.

ANSWER: b REFERENCES: 13.4 Family Dynamics and Middle Age LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KAIL.HDEV.16.13.4.3 – How do middle-aged adults deal with their aging parents?

KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Understand 136. It is ____ for an adult child caregiver to feel resentful and angry at times about caring for an aging parent. a. very common b. somewhat common c. somewhat unusual d. very unusual ANSWER: a REFERENCES: 13.4 Family Dynamics and Middle Age LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KAIL.HDEV.16.13.4.3 – How do middle-aged adults deal with their aging parents?

KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Understand 137. Research has indicated that a woman’s employment status has ____ impact on her decision to become a caregiver for a parent. a. no b. some c. a moderate d. a significant ANSWER: a REFERENCES: 13.4 Family Dynamics and Middle Age LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KAIL.HDEV.16.13.4.3 – How do middle-aged adults deal with their aging parents?

KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Understand 138. Which of the following is a positive outcome associated with caring for an aging parent? a. It decreases unsolicited advice. b. It increases independence for the aging parent. c. It decreases financial pressures. d. It provides a chance for adult children to give back to their parents.

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ANSWER: d REFERENCES: 13.4 Family Dynamics and Middle Age LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KAIL.HDEV.16.13.4.3 – How do middle-aged adults deal with their aging parents?

KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Apply 139. Older adults who value ____ are most likely to express a desire to pay for caregiving rather than asking a family member for help. a. independence and extraversion b. dependence and extraversion c. dependence and autonomy d. independence and autonomy ANSWER: d REFERENCES: 13.4 Family Dynamics and Middle Age LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KAIL.HDEV.16.13.4.3 – How do middle-aged adults deal with their aging parents?

KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Thinking Critically 140. Many aging adults who receive help with daily activities have ____ feelings about the situation. a. grateful b. negative c. positive d. satisfied ANSWER: b REFERENCES: 13.4 Family Dynamics and Middle Age LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KAIL.HDEV.16.13.4.3 – How do middle-aged adults deal with their aging parents?

KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Understand 141. Caring for aging parents is least likely to a. bring adult children and parents closer together. b. provide a way for adult children to give back to their parents. c. feel rewarding to the aging parent. d. feel rewarding to the adult child.

ANSWER: c REFERENCES: 13.4 Family Dynamics and Middle Age LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KAIL.HDEV.16.13.4.3 – How do middle-aged adults deal with their aging parents?

KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Thinking Critically 142. Adult children caring for aging parents are least likely to experience a. employment issues. b. burn out. c. sleep disorders. d. depression.

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ANSWER: c REFERENCES: 13.4 Family Dynamics and Middle Age LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KAIL.HDEV.16.13.4.3 – How do middle-aged adults deal with their aging parents?

KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Thinking Critically 143. Attempts to categorize types of grandparents have not been very successful because a. grandparents use different styles with different grandchildren. b. measuring these styles has not been found to be valid. c. styles of grandparenting do not seem related to the quality of the relationship. d. grandparenting behavior differs during each interaction with the grandchild.

ANSWER: a REFERENCES: 13.4 Family Dynamics and Middle Age LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KAIL.HDEV.16.13.4.4 – What styles of grandparenthood do middle-aged adults experience? How do grandchildren and grandparents interact?

KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Thinking Critically 144. Which group is most likely to perceive grandparenthood as a central role? a. Asian Americans b. European Americans c. Latino Americans d. Native Americans ANSWER: c REFERENCES: 13.4 Family Dynamics and Middle Age LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KAIL.HDEV.16.13.4.4 – What styles of grandparenthood do middle-aged adults experience? How do grandchildren and grandparents interact?

KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Thinking Critically 145. Ben and Sky are Hopi grandparents who want their grandchild to live with them for a while so that they can be sure the grandchild learns the Hopi way. Ben and Sky want to ensure that there is a. indulgence. b. continuity of culture. c. financial support. d. reinvolvement with personal past.

ANSWER: b REFERENCES: 13.4 Family Dynamics and Middle Age LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KAIL.HDEV.16.13.4.4 – What styles of grandparenthood do middle-aged adults experience? How do grandchildren and grandparents interact?

KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Apply 146. Which statement concerning how grandparent-grandchild relationships have changed over the past few decades is accurate? a. The incidence of grandparents as “surrogate parents” is decreasing. b. More grandparents now live lives independent from their grandchildren.

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c. Most modern grandparents now desire to rear their grandchildren. d. Most grandparents today live in closer proximity to their grandchildren.

ANSWER: b REFERENCES: 13.4 Family Dynamics and Middle Age LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KAIL.HDEV.16.13.4.4 – What styles of grandparenthood do middle-aged adults experience? How do grandchildren and grandparents interact?

KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Understand 147. Which statement concerning custodial care of grandchildren by grandparents is true? a. Almost 20 million U.S. grandparents have grandchildren living with them. b. In the U.S., grandparents automatically are granted legal guardianship of their grandchildren. c. Grandparents frequently have to navigate a system that does not legally recognize them as guardians. d. The most common reason for a grandparent raising a grandchild involves the death of both parents.

ANSWER: c REFERENCES: 13.4 Family Dynamics and Middle Age LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KAIL.HDEV.16.13.4.4 – What styles of grandparenthood do middle-aged adults experience? How do grandchildren and grandparents interact?

KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Understand 148. Most people gain weight between ages 30 and 50. a. True b. False ANSWER: True REFERENCES: 13.1 Physical Changes and Health LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KAIL.HDEV.16.13.1.1 – How does appearance change in middle age?

KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Remember 149. Use of calcium supplements may delay the onset of osteoporosis after menopause. a. True b. False ANSWER: True REFERENCES: 13.1 Physical Changes and Health LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KAIL.HDEV.16.13.1.2 – What changes occur in bones and joints?

KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Remember 150. Osteoarthritis involves a loss of bone mass and the honeycombing of bone material. a. True b. False

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ANSWER: False REFERENCES: 13.1 Physical Changes and Health LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KAIL.HDEV.16.13.1.2 – What changes occur in bones and joints?

KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Remember 151. Rheumatoid arthritis develops quickly but can be cured with nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs. a. True b. False ANSWER: False REFERENCES: Rheumatoid arthritis develops quickly but can be cured with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.

LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KAIL.HDEV.16.13.1.2 – What changes occur in bones and joints?

KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Remember 152. Headaches and rapid heart rate are common physical symptoms of menopause. a. True b. False ANSWER: True REFERENCES: 13.1 Physical Changes and Health LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KAIL.HDEV.16.13.1.3 – What reproductive changes occur in men and women in middle age?

KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Remember 153. After menopause, vaginal walls and the vagina both increase in size. a. True b. False ANSWER: False REFERENCES: 13.1 Physical Changes and Health LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KAIL.HDEV.16.13.1.3 – What reproductive changes occur in men and women in middle age?

KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Remember 154. The most common form of HRT involves low doses of estrogen and testosterone. a. True b. False ANSWER: False REFERENCES: 13.1 Physical Changes and Health LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KAIL.HDEV.16.13.1.3 – What reproductive changes occur in men and women in middle age?

KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Remember 155. During midlife, the prostate gland of males can enlarge and block the urinary track.

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a. True b. False ANSWER: True REFERENCES: 13.1 Physical Changes and Health LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KAIL.HDEV.16.13.1.3 – What reproductive changes occur in men and women in middle age?

KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Remember 156. Culture appears to play no role in how people perceive stress. a. True b. False ANSWER: True REFERENCES: 13.1 Physical Changes and Health LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KAIL.HDEV.16.13.1.4 – What is stress? How does it affect physical and psychological health?

KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Remember 157. Stress can trigger negative conditions like angina and arrhythmia. a. True b. False ANSWER: True REFERENCES: 13.1 Physical Changes and Health LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KAIL.HDEV.16.13.1.4 – What is stress? How does it affect physical and psychological health?

KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Remember 158. Stress is a transactional process between a person and the environment. a. True b. False ANSWER: True REFERENCES: 13.1 Physical Changes and Health LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KAIL.HDEV.16.13.1.4 – What is stress? How does it affect physical and psychological health?

KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Remember 159. In order to be engaging in aerobic exercise, a person’s pulse rate must be above 100 percent of his or her maximum heart rate. a. True b. False ANSWER: False REFERENCES: 13.1 Physical Changes and Health LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KAIL.HDEV.16.13.1.5 – What benefits are there to exercise?

KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Remember 160. Avoidant thinking involves rationalizing or reframing a problem to minimize its seriousness. a. True

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b. False ANSWER: True REFERENCES: 13.2 Cognitive Development LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KAIL.HDEV.16.13.2.1 – How does practical intelligence develop in adulthood?

KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Remember 161. The mechanics of intelligence are most closely associated with sociocultural forces. a. True b. False ANSWER: False REFERENCES: 13.2 Cognitive Development LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KAIL.HDEV.16.13.2.1 – How does practical intelligence develop in adulthood?

KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Remember 162. Experts are always faster and use more rules than novices. a. True b. False ANSWER: False REFERENCES: 13.2 Cognitive Development LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KAIL.HDEV.16.13.2.2 – How does a person become an expert?

KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Remember 163. Most adults are motivated to learn by external factors. a. True b. False ANSWER: False REFERENCES: 13.2 Cognitive Development LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KAIL.HDEV.16.13.2.3 – What is meant by lifelong learning?

What differences are there between adults and young people in how they learn?

KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Remember 164. An individual high in extraversion will go out of his or her way to avoid interacting with others. a. True b. False ANSWER: False REFERENCES: 13.3 Personality LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KAIL.HDEV.16.13.3.1 – What is the five-factor model? What evidence is there for stability in personality traits?

KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Remember 165. Costa and McCrae argue that personality traits undergo significant changes between young and old adulthood.

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a. True b. False ANSWER: False REFERENCES: 13.3 Personality LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KAIL.HDEV.16.13.3.1 – What is the five-factor model? What evidence is there for stability in personality traits?

KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Remember 166. Erikson viewed the key crisis of midlife as one of stagnation versus generativity. a. True b. False ANSWER: True REFERENCES: 13.3 Personality LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KAIL.HDEV.16.13.3.2 – What changes occur in people’s priorities and personal concerns? How does a person achieve generativity? How is midlife best described?

167. There is significant research support for the idea of a “midlife crisis.” a. True b. False ANSWER: False REFERENCES: 13.3 Personality LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KAIL.HDEV.16.13.3.2 – What changes occur in people’s priorities and personal concerns? How does a person achieve generativity? How is midlife best described?

KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Remember 168. Kinkeepers help keep family members in touch. a. True b. False ANSWER: True REFERENCES: 13.4 Family Dynamics and Middle Age LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KAIL.HDEV.16.13.4.1 – Who are the kinkeepers in families?

KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Remember 169. Women are more likely than men to move back with their parents after college. a. True b. False ANSWER: False REFERENCES: 13.4 Family Dynamics and Middle Age LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KAIL.HDEV.16.13.4.2 – How does the relationship between middle-aged parents and their young adult children change?

KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Remember 170. Someone high in filial obligation feels responsible for the care of his or her parents.

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a. True b. False ANSWER: True REFERENCES: 13.4 Family Dynamics and Middle Age LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KAIL.HDEV.16.13.4.3 – How do middle-aged adults deal with their aging parents?

KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Remember 171. Caring for a parent typically coincides with women’s peak employment years. a. True b. False ANSWER: True REFERENCES: 13.4 Family Dynamics and Middle Age LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KAIL.HDEV.16.13.4.3 – How do middle-aged adults deal with their aging parents?

KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Remember 172. Most people become grandparents in their forties and fifties. a. True b. False ANSWER: True REFERENCES: 13.4 Family Dynamics and Middle Age LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KAIL.HDEV.16.13.4.4 – What styles of grandparenthood do middle-aged adults experience? How do grandchildren and grandparents interact?

KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Remember 173. _______________ is a disease characterized by severe loss of bone mass.

ANSWER: Osteoporosis REFERENCES: 13.1 Physical Changes and Health LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KAIL.HDEV.16.13.1.2 – What changes occur in bones and joints?

KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Understand 174. _______________ arthritis results in severe joint inflammation and has symptoms that come and go in repeating patterns.

ANSWER: Rheumatoid REFERENCES: 13.1 Physical Changes and Health LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KAIL.HDEV.16.13.1.2 – What changes occur in bones and joints?

KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Understand 175. The process during which middle-aged women pass from reproductive to nonreproductive years, which includes menopause, is called _______________.

ANSWER: climacteric REFERENCES: 13.1 Physical Changes and Health LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KAIL.HDEV.16.13.1.3 – What reproductive changes occur in men and women in middle age?

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KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Understand 176. The process of giving women low doses of estrogen and progestin is referred to as _______________ therapy.

ANSWER: hormone replacement REFERENCES: 13.1 Physical Changes and Health LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KAIL.HDEV.16.13.1.3 – What reproductive changes occur in men and women in middle age?

KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Understand 177. Any deliberate attempt to deal with some form of stress is referred to as _______________.

ANSWER: coping REFERENCES: 13.1 Physical Changes and Health LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KAIL.HDEV.16.13.1.4 – What is stress? How does it affect physical and psychological health?

KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Understand 178. Individuals going through _______________ are involved in a process of evaluating their perceived ability to cope with harm, threat, or challenge.

ANSWER: secondary appraisal REFERENCES: 13.1 Physical Changes and Health LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KAIL.HDEV.16.13.1.4 – What is stress? How does it affect physical and psychological health?

KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Understand 179. _______________ exercise requires maintaining a pulse rate between 60 and 90 percent of your maximum heart rate.

ANSWER: Aerobic REFERENCES: 13.1 Physical Changes and Health LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KAIL.HDEV.16.13.1.5 – What benefits are there to exercise?

KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Understand 180. The broad range of skills related to how individuals adapt to the environment is called _______________ intelligence.

ANSWER: practical REFERENCES: 13.2 Cognitive Development LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KAIL.HDEV.16.13.2.1 – How does practical intelligence develop in adulthood?

KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Understand 181. People who score high on the five-factor dimension of _______________ tend to be hostile, self-conscious, and vulnerable.

ANSWER: neuroticism REFERENCES: 13.3 Personality LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KAIL.HDEV.16.13.3.1 – What is the five-factor model? What evidence is there for stability in personality traits?

KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Understand

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182. An individual who is very willing to work with others and who is viewed as very caring would score high on the five-factor dimension of _______________.

ANSWER: agreeableness REFERENCES: 13.3 Personality LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KAIL.HDEV.16.13.3.1 – What is the five-factor model? What evidence is there for stability in personality traits?

KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Understand 183. Erikson used the term _______________ to describe the middle-aged focus on helping others in an effort to ensure continuation of society by guiding the next generation.

ANSWER: generativity REFERENCES: 13.3 Personality LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KAIL.HDEV.16.13.3.2 – What changes occur in people’s priorities and personal concerns? How does a person achieve generativity? How is midlife best described?

KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Understand 184. The state in which people are unable to deal with the needs of their children or to provide mentoring to younger adults is called _______________.

ANSWER: stagnation REFERENCES: 13.3 Personality LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KAIL.HDEV.16.13.3.2 – What changes occur in people’s priorities and personal concerns? How does a person achieve generativity? How is midlife best described?

KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Understand 185. Many middle-aged women take on the role of family _______________ in which they assist in getting everyone together for family gatherings and generally help family members keep in touch.

ANSWER: kinkeeper REFERENCES: 13.4 Family Dynamics and Middle Age LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KAIL.HDEV.16.13.4.1 – Who are the kinkeepers in families?

KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Understand 186. Middle-aged adults simultaneously caring for children and parents are referred to as being in the _______________ generation.

ANSWER: sandwich REFERENCES: 13.4 Family Dynamics and Middle Age LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KAIL.HDEV.16.13.4.2 – How does the relationship between middle-aged parents and their young adult children change?

KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Understand 187. Adult children who feel a strong sense of responsibility to care for aging parents are said to have a sense of _______________obligation.

ANSWER: filial REFERENCES: 13.4 Family Dynamics and Middle Age

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LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KAIL.HDEV.16.13.4.3 – How do middle-aged adults deal with their aging parents?

KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Understand 188. Joint-related disorders represent a major challenge during middle age.

Describe three examples of joint problems—osteoporosis, osteoarthritis, and rheumatoid arthritis—focusing on issues of impact and treatment.

ANSWER: Osteoporosis is a disease in which bones become porous and extremely easy to break. In severe cases, osteoporosis can cause spinal vertebrae to collapse, causing the person to stoop and to become shorter. Prevention of osteoporosis involves ingesting enough dietary calcium and vitamin D. Bone mineral density can be tested by having a dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) test, which measures bone density at the hip and spine. Biophosphonates slow the process of bone breakdown by helping to maintain bone density during menopause. Raloxifene is also approved for the treatment and prevention of osteoporosis. Osteoarthritis is a disease marked by gradual onset of bone damage with progression of pain and disability together with minor signs of inflammation from wear and tear.

Osteoarthritis usually affects the hands, spine, hips, and knees. Effective management approaches consist mainly of taking certain steroids and antiinflammatory drugs, getting plenty of rest and doing nonstressful exercises that focus on range of motion, making dietary modifications, and using a variety of homeopathic remedies. Rheumatoid arthritis is a destructive disease of the joints that develops slowly. Most often, a pattern of morning stiffness and aching develops in the fingers, wrists, and ankles on both sides of the body. There is no cure, but there are several treatment approaches. NSAIDs, corticosteroids, and DMARDs are commonly used in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. Rest and passive range-ofmotion exercises are also helpful.

REFERENCES: 13.1 Physical Changes and Health LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KAIL.HDEV.16.13.1.2 – What changes occur in bones and joints?

KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Thinking Critically 189. Aphrodite is going through menopause and is considering hormone replacement therapy. What symptoms should she expect to experience during menopause? What would you advise her to do concerning MHT? Use research presented in your text to explain why you would give her this advice.

ANSWER: Menopause is the point at which menstruation stops. Possible symptoms include hot flashes, night sweats, headaches, sleep problems, mood changes, more urinary infections, pain during sex, difficulty concentrating, vaginal dryness, less interest in sex, and an increase in body fat around the waist. MHT contains low doses of estrogen combined with progestin. There are both benefits and risks with MHT. MHT can help reduce hot flashes and night sweats, help reduce vaginal dryness and discomfort during sexual intercourse, slow bone loss and perhaps ease mood swings. However, MHT can increase a woman’s risk of blood clots, heart

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attack, stroke, breast cancer, and gallbladder disease.

REFERENCES: 13.1 Physical Changes and Health LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KAIL.HDEV.16.13.1.3 – What reproductive changes occur in men and women in middle age?

KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Thinking Critically 190. Describe how coping and appraisals are involved in the stress and coping paradigm.

ANSWER: The stress and coping paradigm is a framework that views stress not as an environmental stimulus or as a response, but as the interaction of a thinking person and an event. Coping and appraisals affect how a person perceives and responds to stress. Coping is an attempt to deal with stressful events and is seen as a dynamic, evolving process that is fine-tuned over time. In general, there are two types of coping: problem-focused coping (attempting to tackle a problem head-on) and emotion-focused coping (dealing with one’s feelings about a stressful event).

Appraisal affects how we view stressors and stress. There are three types of appraisals of stress: Primary appraisal (categorizing events as irrelevant, positive, or stressful), secondary appraisal (evaluating perceived ability to cope with the stresss), and reappraisal (making a new primary or secondary appraisal resulting from changes in the situation).

REFERENCES: 13.1 Physical Changes and Health LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KAIL.HDEV.16.13.1.4 – What is stress? How does it affect physical and psychological health?

KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Thinking Critically 191. Describe the relationship between stress, physical health, and psychological health.

ANSWER: Chronic stress can suppress the immune system, increase risk of atherosclerosis, and hypertension. Chronic stress in middle-aged adults can impair memory and executive cognitive functions. Stress serves as a major trigger for angina, causes arrhythmias, causes blood to become stickier, reduces estrogen in women, increases production of certain proteins that damage cells, causes sudden increases in blood pressure, increases the risk of IBS, causes weight fluctuations, is associated with the development of insulin resistance, causes tension headaches, causes sexual dysfunction, causes infertility, and results in poorer memory and cognitive performance. One effect of stress on psychological health is post-traumatic stress disorder, which is an anxiety disorder that can develop after exposure to a terrifying event or ordeal in which grave physical harm occurred or was threatened.

REFERENCES: 13.1 Physical Changes and Health LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KAIL.HDEV.16.13.1.4 – What is stress? How does it affect physical and psychological health?

KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Thinking Critically 192. Compare and contrast practical intelligence with other types of intelligence (i.e. fluid, crystallized).

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ANSWER: Practical intelligence is the broad range of skills related to how individuals shape, select, or adapt to their physical and social environments. The extent to which a practical problem evokes an emotional reaction, in conjunction with experience and one’s preferred mode of thinking, determines whether one will use a cognitive analysis (thinking one’s way through the problem), a problemfocused action (tackling the problem head-on by doing something about it), passivedependent behavior (withdrawing from the situation), or avoidant thinking and denial (rationalizing to redefine the problem and so minimize its seriousness).

Practical intelligence is realistic, real-world problem solving. Fluid intelligence is an expression of the neurophysiological architecture of the mind. Crystallized intelligence comes from the bodies of knowledge that are available from and mediated through one’s culture.

REFERENCES: 13.2 Cognitive Development LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KAIL.HDEV.16.13.2.1 – How does practical intelligence develop in adulthood?

KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Thinking Critically 193. How does the thinking process of a novice differ from that of an expert?

ANSWER: For novices, the goal of accomplishing the activity is to reach as rapidly as possible a satisfactory performance level that is stable and autonomous. In contrast, experts build up a wealth of knowledge about alternative ways of solving problems or making decisions. Experts are able to bypass steps needed by novices. Experts are more flexible, creative, and curious; and they have superior strategies grounded on superior knowledge for accomplishing a task.Experts have a harder time explaining how they arrived at a particular answer.

REFERENCES: 13.2 Cognitive Development KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Thinking Critically 194. Use the research presented in your text to explain how nontraditional-aged college students are different from traditional 18- to 22-year-old college students when it comes to learning.

ANSWER: Adult learners differ from their younger counterparts in several ways.

Adults have a higher need to know why they should learn something before undertaking it. Adults enter a learning situation with more and different experience on which to build. Adults are most willing to learn those things they believe are necessary to deal with real-world problems rather than abstract, hypothetical situations. Most adults are more motivated to learn by internal factors than by external factors.

REFERENCES: 13.2 Cognitive Development LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KAIL.HDEV.16.13.2.3 – What is meant by lifelong learning?

What differences are there between adults and young people in how they learn?

KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Thinking Critically 195. Jim wonders if his wife Ann (age 25) will have the same personality when she gets to be middle-aged. Use research provided in your text to describe which aspects

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of Ann’s personality are most and least likely to change.

ANSWER: Studies find that as people age neuroticism disappears and agreeableness and conscientiousness increase. As people age, they become less emotionally volatile and more attuned to social demands and social rules. These characteristics allow older adults to maintain and regain levels of well-being in the face of loss, threats, and challenges in life, common occurrences in late life. Studies also show a decrease in openness to new experiences with increasing age.

REFERENCES: 13.3 Personality LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KAIL.HDEV.16.13.3.1 – What is the five-factor model? What evidence is there for stability in personality traits?

KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Thinking Critically 196. Use the five-factor model to describe what you believe would be an ideal grandparent. Be sure to explain your description.

ANSWER: An ideal grandparent would be low on the neuroticism dimension (calm, even-tempered, self-content, comfortable, unemotional, and hardy), low on the extraversion dimension (reserved, quiet, passive, serious, and emotionally unreactive), high on the openness to experience dimension (vivid imagination, appreciation of art, and a strong desire to try anything once), high on the agreeableness dimension (accepting, willing to work with others, and caring), and high on the conscientiousness dimension (hard-working, ambitious, energetic, scrupulous, and persevering).

REFERENCES: 13.3 Personality LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KAIL.HDEV.16.13.3.1 – What is the five-factor model? What evidence is there for stability in personality traits?

KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Thinking Critically 197. Describe the role of grandparenting in at least three different cultures.

ANSWER: African American grandparents play an important role in many aspects of their grandchildren’s lives, such as religious education. African American grandfathers tend to perceive grandparenthood as a central role. Latino American grandparents are more likely to participate in child rearing due to their cultural core value of family. Native American grandparents provide grandchildren with a way to connect with their cultural heritage, and they are likely to provide a great deal of care for their grandchildren. Native American grandparents use their own experiences of cultural disruption to reinvest in their grandchildren and to ensure the continuity of culture.

REFERENCES: 13.4 Family Dynamics and Middle Age LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KAIL.HDEV.16.13.4.4 – What styles of grandparenthood do middle-aged adults experience? How do grandchildren and grandparents interact?

KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Thinking Critically 198. What constitutes aerobic exercise, and what benefits does it provide during middle age?

ANSWER: Aerobic exercise is requires the maintenance of a pulse rate between 60

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and 90 percent of a person’s maximum heart rate. The maximum heart rate is calculated by subtracting one’s age from 220. Physical benefits of aerobic exercise include improving blood pressure, strength, endurance, flexibility, and coordination.

Psychological benefits of aerobic exercise include lower levels of stress, better mood, and better cognitive functioning.

REFERENCES: 13.1 Physical Changes and Health LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KAIL.HDEV.16.13.1.5 – What benefits are there to exercise?

KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Thinking Critically 199. Describe generativity, kinkeepers, the sandwich generation, and filial obligation. Then discuss the common theme that runs through each.

ANSWER: Erikson suggested that during middle age, some individuals exhibit generativity by helping others in order to ensure the continuation of society by guiding the next generation. A kinkeeper gathers family members together for celebrations and helps them keep in touch. Members of the sandwich generation are caught in the middle of caring for both their children and their parents. A filial obligation is an adult child’s sense of responsibility to care for a parent in need. The common theme is one of care for the good of others.

REFERENCES: 13.4 Family Dynamics and Middle Age LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KAIL.HDEV.16.13.4.1 – Who are the kinkeepers in families?

KAIL.HDEV.16.13.4.2 – How does the relationship between middle-aged parents and their young adult children change?

KAIL.HDEV.16.13.4.3 – How do middle-aged adults deal with their aging parents?

KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Thinking Critically