Master of Architecture Thesis Presentation

QUANTIFYING ENVIRONMENTAL PERFORMANCE OF JALI SCREEN FAÇADES FOR CONTEMPORARY BUILDINGS IN LAHORE, PAKISTAN

Ayesha Batool

Master of Architecture Option 1 Thesis Presentation

March 3, 2014

CONTEXT: LAHORE CLIMATE – SEMI ARID

Master of Architecture Option 1 Thesis Presentation

March 3, 2014

CONTEXT: LAHORE

Master Masterof ofArchitecture ArchitectureOption Option11Thesis ThesisPresentation Presentation

March March3,3,2014 2014

CONTEXT: OFFICE BUILDINGS TYPOLOGY IN LAHORE

Master of Architecture Option 1 Thesis Presentation

March 3, 2014

OFFICE BUILDING TYPOLOGY

HIGH COOLING ENERGY

SINGLE GLAZED FAÇADE

UNPROTECTED FAÇADE

Master of Architecture Option 1 Thesis Presentation

March 3, 2014

OFFICE BUILDING TYPOLOGY BUILDING PERFORMANCE?

LIGHTING ENERGY BLIND WINDOWS

REFRIGERATOR FAKE JALI SCREENS

Master of Architecture Option 1 Thesis Presentation

March 3, 2014

ENERGY “Growing supply-demand gap where the demand for electricity outstrips the current generation capacity leading to a shortage of more than 4000 MW and 12-20 hours load-shedding in Punjab Province.�

Pakistan Today January 25, 2014

Master of Architecture Option 1 Thesis Presentation

March 3, 2014

BUILDING AND ENERGY

Master of Architecture Option 1 Thesis Presentation

March 3, 2014

CLIMATE RESPONSIVE ARCHITECTURE IN LAHORE El

D

C

F S

Jharoka S

Jali Jali S S W W ll

Master of Architecture Option 1 Thesis Presentation

March 3, 2014

JALI SCREENS

Master of Architecture Option 1 Thesis Presentation

March 3, 2014

RESEARCH DESIGN WHAT IS THE IMPACE OF JALI SCREEN GEOMETRY ON ENERGY CONSERVATION IN COMMERCIAL BUILDINGS IN LAHORE, PAKISTAN? !

QUANTITATIVE!PERFORMANCE!OF!JALI!

!

QUESTIONS! T

ENERGY!PERFORMANCE!OF! OFFICE!BUILDINGS!

!

VISUAL!AND!THERMAL! COMFORT!THROUGH!JALI!

!

!

FIELD!STUDY!+!EXPERIMENTAL!DESIGN!

RESEARCH!!

DESIGN!

TRADITIONAL RESEARCH SETTING

RESEARCH! INSTRUMENTS! !

!

CONTEMPORARY RESEARCH SETTING

SIMULATION MODEL

!

PERFORMANCE!PARAMETERS!FOR!JALI!SCREEN!

OUTCOMES! !

Master! of Architecture Option 1 Thesis Presentation

March 3, 2014

FIELD RESEARCH: CONTEMPORARY RESEARCH SETTING

Master of Architecture Option 1 Thesis Presentation

March 3, 2014

FIELD STUDY: TRADITIONAL RESEARCH SETTING

Master of Architecture Option 1 Thesis Presentation

March 3, 2014

LITERATURE REVIEW: JALI EVALUATION SOURCE

PARAMETERS

2012 Sherif et al.

2010 Sherif et al.

2011 Sherif et al. (PLEA)

2008 Raymond et al.

2001 Datta

2010 Alzoubi et al.

2005 Aljofi

IMPACTS

-­‐

Orientation

-­‐

Cooling Energy+ Heating Energy

-­‐

Perforation Rate

-­‐

Window Transmitted Solar Energy

-­‐

Depth/Opening Ratio

-­‐

Lighting Electricity

-­‐

Orientation (south, west, east)

-­‐

Cooling energy

-­‐

Perforation Ratio

-­‐

Location

-­‐

Energy

-­‐

Depth – Perforation Ration 1:1, 0.75:0.75,

-­‐

Daylighting

-­‐

Vertical spacing / perforation

-­‐

Cooling load

-­‐

Thickness / density

-­‐

Shading

-­‐

Privacy

-­‐

Slat length

-­‐

Cooling load

-­‐

Slat tilt / angles

-­‐

Heating load

-­‐

Room geometry

-­‐

Lighting energy

-­‐

Shading elements

-­‐

Illuminance level

-­‐

Orientation Zones within screen,

-­‐

Reflected sunlight

highest in center – 51 %

-­‐ -­‐

Cell diameter, perforation ratio

2012 Sherif et al.

-­‐

Perforation Ratio

-­‐

Daylighting Illuminance

-­‐

Dynamic Daylight Performance Metrics

-­‐

Glare

-­‐

Daylight Autonomy (Reinhart and Walkenhorst, 2001)

-­‐

Useful Daylight Illuminance (Nabil & Mardaljevic, 2006)

1990 Spencer

-­‐

Light intensity

-­‐

Glare

-­‐

Geometry: Sahgiri (square grid)

-­‐

Pattern

-­‐

Geometry: Musadass (hexagon)

Master of Architecture Option 1 Thesis Presentation

March 3, 2014

RESEARCH IMPACTS: CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK

Master of Architecture Option 1 Thesis Presentation

March 3, 2014

EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: BUILDING SIMULATION USING IES VE

BASE CASE OPTIMED CONSTRUCTION BASE CASE

Perforation Ratio

CONVENTIONAL SHADING DEVICES

JALI SCREEN FACADE

Parameters 50 %

40 %

Depth Ratio

3 inch / 3 inch = 1:1

Geometry

Hexagon

30 %

South Horizontal

West

Orientation

Horizontal Vertical

Type

Optimized using Ecotect Solar Tool Performance Evaluation

Energy Performance Energy Uitlization Index

Daylight Performance Average Annual Lux for Sunny Sky Spatial Daylight Autonomy Annual Sunlight Exposure Useful Daylight Illuminance

Master of Architecture Option 1 Thesis Presentation

Parameters

Visual Comfort Glare Ratio False Color Rendering CIE Glare Index

March 3, 2014

Geometry

ANALYSIS AND RESULTS: ENERGY

Energy Utilization Index Annual Building Energy of all sources divided by the gross square footage of the building. This is expressed in KBtu/Sqft.Yr Master of Architecture Option 1 Thesis Presentation

March 3, 2014

ANALYSIS AND RESULTS: ENERGY Lights Only (kBtu/]2/yr)

Brise-­‐soleil

50% Jali

40% Jali

30% Jali

Base Case OpLmised

Ayesha Batool

Total Building EUI (kBtu/]2/yr)

7.63 47.54 6.24 50.41 7.63 52.17 9.17 53.88 5.34 55.01 Master of Architecture Option 1 Thesis Presentation

March 3, 2014

30% Jali

40% Jali

50% Jali

Brise Soleil

50% Jali 50% Jali

Brise Soleil Brise Soleil

DAYLIGHT PERFORMANCE: ANNUAL AVERAGE LUX FOR SUNNY SKY Base Case

Annual Sunlight Exposure (ASE) Average Annual Lux for Sunny Sky West South

Base Case Base Case

30% Jali 30% Jali

40% Jali 40% Jali

Average Annual Lux for Sunny Sky Spatial Daylight Autonomy (sDA) West South

40% Jali Base Case

30% Jali

40% Jali

50% Jali

Brise Soleil

Base Case

30% Jali

40% Jali

50% Jali

Brise Soleil

Spatial Daylight Autonomy The Average Annual Lux for (sDA) Sunny Sky metric is a measure of the average lux value received at a certain point over the course of a year during the West

tonomy (sDA)

sunshine hours. It is useful metric to compare the spatial characteristics in a very crude unit.

Base Case

30% Jali

40% Jali

50% Jali

Master of Architecture Option 1 Thesis Presentation

Brise Soleil

March 3, 2014

Base Case Base Case

30% Jali 30% Jali

40% Jali 40% Jali

50% Jali 50% Jali

Brise Soleil Brise Soleil

50% Jali 50% Jali

Brise Soleil

DAYLIGHT PERFORMANCE: SPATIAL DAYLIGHT AUTONOMY

AverageDaylight Annual Lux for Sunny Sky Spatial Autonomy (sDA) West South

Base Case

30% Jali

Base Case

30% Jali

40% Jali

40% Jali

Brise Soleil

FAIL

Spatial Daylight Autonomy (sDA) West

PASS

Brise Soleil Base Case

30% Jali

40% Jali

50% Jali

Brise Soleil

The Spatial Daylight Autonomy (sDA) metric is a measure of the percent of area in a room or building that meets a given Daylight Autonomy (DA) value for a set of analysis period.

Master of Architecture Option 1 Thesis Presentation

March 3, 2014

Base Case 30% Jali 40% Jali 50% Jali DAYLIGHT PERFORMANCE: ANNUAL SUNLIGHT EXPOSURE Brise Soleil

Useful Daylight Illuminance (UDI) [100- 300 lux] Annual West Sunlight Exposure (ASE) South

Base Case

30% Jali

40% Jali

50% Jali

Brise Soleil

Base Case

30% Jali

40% Jali

50% Jali

Brise Soleil

Annual Sunlight Exposure (ASE) Average Annual Lux for Sunny Sky West South

FAIL PASS

T Â Soleil Brise Base Case

30% Jali

40% Jali

50% Jali

Brise Soleil

Base Case

30% Jali

40% Jali

50% Jali

Brise Soleil

The Annual Sunlight Exposure (ASE) metric refers to the total number of Average Annual Lux for Sunny Sky annual Daylight hours that illuminance Spatial Autonomy (sDA)from direct sunlight at a specific point of West interest exceeds a certain value. It is intended for use with image preserving South (clear) glazing and no operable shading devices in place (IES).

Base Case

Base Case

30% Jali

40% Jali

50% Jali

50% Jali 30% 40% Jali1 Thesis Presentation Master ofJaliArchitecture Option

Brise Soleil

Brise3, Soleil March 2014

DAYLIGHT PERFORMANCE: USEFUL DAYLIGHT ILLUMINANCE

Useful Daylight Illuminance (UDI) [100- 300 lux] South

Base Case

30% Jali

40% Jali

50% Jali

Brise Soleil

Useful Daylight Illuminance (UDI) [100- 300 lux] Annual Sunlight Exposure (ASE) West South

40% Jali Base Case

Base Case

30% Jali

30% Jali

40% Jali

40% Jali

50% Jali

50% Jali

Brise Soleil

Brise Soleil

The Useful Daylight Illuminance (UDI) metric is composed of three ranges,

Annual Sunlight Exposure (ASE) including the percent of occupied hours of the year when daylight illuminance Average West Annual Lux for Sunny Sky at an interior point of interest is judged to be at “useful” levels (between 100 South

posure (ASE)

and 300 lux (10 and 30 fc)), very low levels (below 100 lux (10fc)), and at high levels (above 1000 lux (100 fc)), which is more likely to cause glare or discomfort. These three levels are termed, “supplementary”, “useful”, and “exceedance.” (Mardaljevic 2005)

Base Case Base Case

30% Jali 30% Jali

40% Jali 40% Jali

50% Jali 50% Jali

Master of Architecture Option 1 Thesis Presentation

Brise Soleil Brise Soleil

March 3, 2014

West

VISUAL COMFORT: GLARE RATIO: BASE CASE Visual Comfort Base Case False Color Render West

Visual Comfort Base Case False Color Render South

SOUTH

9 am

SUMMER Base Case

SPRING/FALL 30% Jali

WEST

WINTER 40% Jali

50% Jali

9 am

SUMMER

SPRING/FALL

Brise Soleil

9 am

SUM

WINTER

BASE CASE 12 pm

12 pm

100 3 pm

3 pm

Base Case

30% Jali

40% Jali

50% Jali

South SUMMER 3 pm

SPRING/FALL 3 pm

WINTER 3 pm

BASE CASE

12 pm

SUMMER 12 pm

SPRING/FALL 12 pm

WINTER 12 pm

SUMMER 3 pm

SPRING/FALL 3 pm

Master of Architecture Option 1 Thesis Presentation

WINTER 3 pm

March 3, 2014

0

Brise Soleil

VISUAL COMFORT: GLARE RATIO: SHADING DEVICES

SOUTH

WEST

12 pm Base Case

SUMMER

3 pm

SPRING/FALL

WINTER Base Case

30%

30%

40%

40%

50%

50%

Brise Soleil

Brise Soleil

SUMMER

SPRING/FALL

WINTER

SUMMER 3 pm

SPRING/FALL 3 pm

WINTER 3 pm

SUMMER 3 pm

SPRING/FALL 3 pm

WINTER 3 pm

Master of Architecture Option 1 Thesis Presentation

March 3, 2014

VISUAL COMFORT: CIE GLARE INDEX (CGI) 35.0 SOUTH 30.0 25.0 20.0 15.0 10.0 5.0 0.0 June

Sep

Dec

June

Base Case 35.0

Sep

Dec

June

30%

Sep

Dec

June

40%

WEST

60

30

0

-­‐30

Sep

Dec

June

50%

Sep

Dec

Brise Soleil

-­‐60

30.0 25.0 20.0 15.0 10.0 5.0 0.0 June

Sep Base Case

Dec

June

Sep

Dec

June

30%

Sep

Dec

40% 60

30

0

-­‐30

June

Sep

Dec

June

50%

Sep

Dec

Brise Soleil

-­‐60

Published by Einhorn in 1969 and adopted by the Commission Internationale de l’Eclairage (CIE) in metric calculations requires both direct and diffuse illuminances. The scale is defined in a number value, where values greater than 28 are considered “Intolerable” and less than 13 are “Barely Perceptible.”

Master of Architecture Option 1 Thesis Presentation

March 3, 2014

CONCLUSIONS ENERGY EUI

BRISE SOLEIL

LIGHTS ENERGY

50%

DAYLIGHT PERFORMANCE

SOUTH

WEST

ANNUAL AVERAGE LUX FOR SUNNY SKY

30%

50%

SPATIAL DAYLIGHT AUTONOMY

ALL

50%

ANNUAL SOLAR EXPOSURE JALI FACADES

50%

USEFUL DAYLIGHT ILLUMINANCE(100-300 LUX)

50%

40%

ANALYSIS

30% - 50%

50%

VISUAL COMFORT

SOUTH

WEST

CIE GLARE INDEX

30%

30% (BRISE SOLEIL TOO LOW)

GLARE ANALYSIS

30%

30%

Master of Architecture Option 1 Thesis Presentation

March 3, 2014

CONCLUSIONS 3 pm Base Case

SUMMER

SPRING/FALL

WINTER

Energy Savings 31%

30%

2.1% 40%

SUMMER 3 pm

SPRING/FALL 3 pm

WINTER 3 pm

3.2% 50%

6.4% Brise Soleil

SUMMER 3 pm

SPRING/FALL 3 pm

Daylight Performance

WINTER 3 pm

12% Master of Architecture Option 1 Thesis Presentation

March 3, 2014

QUANTIFYING ENVIRONMENTAL PERFORMANCE OF JALI SCREEN FAÇADES FOR CONTEMPORARY BUILDINGS IN LAHORE, PAKISTAN

AYESHA BATOOL ayeshabatool85@gmail.com

Master of Architecture Option 1 Thesis Presentation

March 3, 2014