QUANTIFYING ENVIRONMENTAL PERFORMANCE OF JALI SCREEN FAÇADES FOR CONTEMPORARY BUILDINGS IN LAHORE, PAKISTAN
Ayesha Batool
Master of Architecture Option 1 Thesis Presentation
March 3, 2014
CONTEXT: LAHORE CLIMATE – SEMI ARID
Master of Architecture Option 1 Thesis Presentation
March 3, 2014
CONTEXT: LAHORE
Master Masterof ofArchitecture ArchitectureOption Option11Thesis ThesisPresentation Presentation
March March3,3,2014 2014
CONTEXT: OFFICE BUILDINGS TYPOLOGY IN LAHORE
Master of Architecture Option 1 Thesis Presentation
March 3, 2014
OFFICE BUILDING TYPOLOGY
HIGH COOLING ENERGY
SINGLE GLAZED FAÇADE
UNPROTECTED FAÇADE
Master of Architecture Option 1 Thesis Presentation
March 3, 2014
OFFICE BUILDING TYPOLOGY BUILDING PERFORMANCE?
LIGHTING ENERGY BLIND WINDOWS
REFRIGERATOR FAKE JALI SCREENS
Master of Architecture Option 1 Thesis Presentation
March 3, 2014
ENERGY “Growing supply-demand gap where the demand for electricity outstrips the current generation capacity leading to a shortage of more than 4000 MW and 12-20 hours load-shedding in Punjab Province.� Pakistan Today January 25, 2014
Master of Architecture Option 1 Thesis Presentation
March 3, 2014
BUILDING AND ENERGY
Master of Architecture Option 1 Thesis Presentation
March 3, 2014
CLIMATE RESPONSIVE ARCHITECTURE IN LAHORE El
D
C
F S
Jharoka S
Jali Jali S S W W ll
Master of Architecture Option 1 Thesis Presentation
March 3, 2014
JALI SCREENS
Master of Architecture Option 1 Thesis Presentation
March 3, 2014
RESEARCH DESIGN WHAT IS THE IMPACE OF JALI SCREEN GEOMETRY ON ENERGY CONSERVATION IN COMMERCIAL BUILDINGS IN LAHORE, PAKISTAN? !
QUANTITATIVE!PERFORMANCE!OF!JALI!
! QUESTIONS! T
ENERGY!PERFORMANCE!OF! OFFICE!BUILDINGS!
!
VISUAL!AND!THERMAL! COMFORT!THROUGH!JALI!
!
!
FIELD!STUDY!+!EXPERIMENTAL!DESIGN!
RESEARCH!! DESIGN!
TRADITIONAL RESEARCH SETTING
RESEARCH! INSTRUMENTS! !
!
CONTEMPORARY RESEARCH SETTING
SIMULATION MODEL
! PERFORMANCE!PARAMETERS!FOR!JALI!SCREEN!
OUTCOMES! !
Master! of Architecture Option 1 Thesis Presentation
March 3, 2014
FIELD RESEARCH: CONTEMPORARY RESEARCH SETTING
Master of Architecture Option 1 Thesis Presentation
March 3, 2014
FIELD STUDY: TRADITIONAL RESEARCH SETTING
Master of Architecture Option 1 Thesis Presentation
March 3, 2014
LITERATURE REVIEW: JALI EVALUATION SOURCE
PARAMETERS
2012 Sherif et al.
2010 Sherif et al.
2011 Sherif et al. (PLEA)
2008 Raymond et al.
2001 Datta
2010 Alzoubi et al.
2005 Aljofi
IMPACTS
-‐
Orientation
-‐
Cooling Energy+ Heating Energy
-‐
Perforation Rate
-‐
Window Transmitted Solar Energy
-‐
Depth/Opening Ratio
-‐
Lighting Electricity
-‐
Orientation (south, west, east)
-‐
Cooling energy
-‐
Perforation Ratio
-‐
Location
-‐
Energy
-‐
Depth – Perforation Ration 1:1, 0.75:0.75,
-‐
Daylighting
-‐
Vertical spacing / perforation
-‐
Cooling load
-‐
Thickness / density
-‐
Shading
-‐
Privacy
-‐
Slat length
-‐
Cooling load
-‐
Slat tilt / angles
-‐
Heating load
-‐
Room geometry
-‐
Lighting energy
-‐
Shading elements
-‐
Illuminance level
-‐
Orientation Zones within screen,
-‐
Reflected sunlight
highest in center – 51 %
-‐ -‐
Cell diameter, perforation ratio
2012 Sherif et al.
-‐
Perforation Ratio
-‐
Daylighting Illuminance
-‐
Dynamic Daylight Performance Metrics
-‐
Glare
-‐
Daylight Autonomy (Reinhart and Walkenhorst, 2001)
-‐
Useful Daylight Illuminance (Nabil & Mardaljevic, 2006)
1990 Spencer
-‐
Light intensity
-‐
Glare
-‐
Geometry: Sahgiri (square grid)
-‐
Pattern
-‐
Geometry: Musadass (hexagon)
Master of Architecture Option 1 Thesis Presentation
March 3, 2014
RESEARCH IMPACTS: CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK
Master of Architecture Option 1 Thesis Presentation
March 3, 2014
EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: BUILDING SIMULATION USING IES VE
BASE CASE OPTIMED CONSTRUCTION BASE CASE
Perforation Ratio
CONVENTIONAL SHADING DEVICES
JALI SCREEN FACADE
Parameters 50 %
40 %
Depth Ratio
3 inch / 3 inch = 1:1
Geometry
Hexagon
30 %
South Horizontal
West
Orientation
Horizontal Vertical
Type
Optimized using Ecotect Solar Tool Performance Evaluation
Energy Performance Energy Uitlization Index
Daylight Performance Average Annual Lux for Sunny Sky Spatial Daylight Autonomy Annual Sunlight Exposure Useful Daylight Illuminance
Master of Architecture Option 1 Thesis Presentation
Parameters
Visual Comfort Glare Ratio False Color Rendering CIE Glare Index
March 3, 2014
Geometry
ANALYSIS AND RESULTS: ENERGY
Energy Utilization Index Annual Building Energy of all sources divided by the gross square footage of the building. This is expressed in KBtu/Sqft.Yr Master of Architecture Option 1 Thesis Presentation
March 3, 2014
ANALYSIS AND RESULTS: ENERGY Lights Only (kBtu/]2/yr)
Brise-‐soleil
50% Jali
40% Jali
30% Jali
Base Case OpLmised
Ayesha Batool
Total Building EUI (kBtu/]2/yr)
7.63 47.54 6.24 50.41 7.63 52.17 9.17 53.88 5.34 55.01 Master of Architecture Option 1 Thesis Presentation
March 3, 2014
30% Jali
40% Jali
50% Jali
Brise Soleil
50% Jali 50% Jali
Brise Soleil Brise Soleil
DAYLIGHT PERFORMANCE: ANNUAL AVERAGE LUX FOR SUNNY SKY Base Case
Annual Sunlight Exposure (ASE) Average Annual Lux for Sunny Sky West South
Base Case Base Case
30% Jali 30% Jali
40% Jali 40% Jali
Average Annual Lux for Sunny Sky Spatial Daylight Autonomy (sDA) West South
40% Jali Base Case
30% Jali
40% Jali
50% Jali
Brise Soleil
Base Case
30% Jali
40% Jali
50% Jali
Brise Soleil
Spatial Daylight Autonomy The Average Annual Lux for (sDA) Sunny Sky metric is a measure of the average lux value received at a certain point over the course of a year during the West
tonomy (sDA)
sunshine hours. It is useful metric to compare the spatial characteristics in a very crude unit.
Base Case
30% Jali
40% Jali
50% Jali
Master of Architecture Option 1 Thesis Presentation
Brise Soleil
March 3, 2014
Base Case Base Case
30% Jali 30% Jali
40% Jali 40% Jali
50% Jali 50% Jali
Brise Soleil Brise Soleil
50% Jali 50% Jali
Brise Soleil
DAYLIGHT PERFORMANCE: SPATIAL DAYLIGHT AUTONOMY
AverageDaylight Annual Lux for Sunny Sky Spatial Autonomy (sDA) West South
Base Case
30% Jali
Base Case
30% Jali
40% Jali
40% Jali
Brise Soleil
FAIL
Spatial Daylight Autonomy (sDA) West
PASS
Brise Soleil Base Case
30% Jali
40% Jali
50% Jali
Brise Soleil
The Spatial Daylight Autonomy (sDA) metric is a measure of the percent of area in a room or building that meets a given Daylight Autonomy (DA) value for a set of analysis period.
Master of Architecture Option 1 Thesis Presentation
March 3, 2014
Base Case 30% Jali 40% Jali 50% Jali DAYLIGHT PERFORMANCE: ANNUAL SUNLIGHT EXPOSURE Brise Soleil
Useful Daylight Illuminance (UDI) [100- 300 lux] Annual West Sunlight Exposure (ASE) South
Base Case
30% Jali
40% Jali
50% Jali
Brise Soleil
Base Case
30% Jali
40% Jali
50% Jali
Brise Soleil
Annual Sunlight Exposure (ASE) Average Annual Lux for Sunny Sky West South
FAIL PASS
T Â Soleil Brise Base Case
30% Jali
40% Jali
50% Jali
Brise Soleil
Base Case
30% Jali
40% Jali
50% Jali
Brise Soleil
The Annual Sunlight Exposure (ASE) metric refers to the total number of Average Annual Lux for Sunny Sky annual Daylight hours that illuminance Spatial Autonomy (sDA)from direct sunlight at a specific point of West interest exceeds a certain value. It is intended for use with image preserving South (clear) glazing and no operable shading devices in place (IES).
Base Case
Base Case
30% Jali
40% Jali
50% Jali
50% Jali 30% 40% Jali1 Thesis Presentation Master ofJaliArchitecture Option
Brise Soleil
Brise3, Soleil March 2014
DAYLIGHT PERFORMANCE: USEFUL DAYLIGHT ILLUMINANCE
Useful Daylight Illuminance (UDI) [100- 300 lux] South
Base Case
30% Jali
40% Jali
50% Jali
Brise Soleil
Useful Daylight Illuminance (UDI) [100- 300 lux] Annual Sunlight Exposure (ASE) West South
40% Jali Base Case
Base Case
30% Jali
30% Jali
40% Jali
40% Jali
50% Jali
50% Jali
Brise Soleil
Brise Soleil
The Useful Daylight Illuminance (UDI) metric is composed of three ranges,
Annual Sunlight Exposure (ASE) including the percent of occupied hours of the year when daylight illuminance Average West Annual Lux for Sunny Sky at an interior point of interest is judged to be at “useful” levels (between 100 South
posure (ASE)
and 300 lux (10 and 30 fc)), very low levels (below 100 lux (10fc)), and at high levels (above 1000 lux (100 fc)), which is more likely to cause glare or discomfort. These three levels are termed, “supplementary”, “useful”, and “exceedance.” (Mardaljevic 2005)
Base Case Base Case
30% Jali 30% Jali
40% Jali 40% Jali
50% Jali 50% Jali
Master of Architecture Option 1 Thesis Presentation
Brise Soleil Brise Soleil
March 3, 2014
West
VISUAL COMFORT: GLARE RATIO: BASE CASE Visual Comfort Base Case False Color Render West
Visual Comfort Base Case False Color Render South
SOUTH
9 am
SUMMER Base Case
SPRING/FALL 30% Jali
WEST
WINTER 40% Jali
50% Jali
9 am
SUMMER
SPRING/FALL
Brise Soleil
9 am
SUM
WINTER
BASE CASE 12 pm
12 pm
100 3 pm
3 pm
Base Case
30% Jali
40% Jali
50% Jali
South SUMMER 3 pm
SPRING/FALL 3 pm
WINTER 3 pm
BASE CASE
12 pm
SUMMER 12 pm
SPRING/FALL 12 pm
WINTER 12 pm
SUMMER 3 pm
SPRING/FALL 3 pm
Master of Architecture Option 1 Thesis Presentation
WINTER 3 pm
March 3, 2014
0
Brise Soleil
VISUAL COMFORT: GLARE RATIO: SHADING DEVICES
SOUTH
WEST
12 pm Base Case
SUMMER
3 pm
SPRING/FALL
WINTER Base Case
30%
30%
40%
40%
50%
50%
Brise Soleil
Brise Soleil
SUMMER
SPRING/FALL
WINTER
SUMMER 3 pm
SPRING/FALL 3 pm
WINTER 3 pm
SUMMER 3 pm
SPRING/FALL 3 pm
WINTER 3 pm
Master of Architecture Option 1 Thesis Presentation
March 3, 2014
VISUAL COMFORT: CIE GLARE INDEX (CGI) 35.0 SOUTH 30.0 25.0 20.0 15.0 10.0 5.0 0.0 June
Sep
Dec
June
Base Case 35.0
Sep
Dec
June
30%
Sep
Dec
June
40%
WEST
60
30
0
-‐30
Sep
Dec
June
50%
Sep
Dec
Brise Soleil
-‐60
30.0 25.0 20.0 15.0 10.0 5.0 0.0 June
Sep Base Case
Dec
June
Sep
Dec
June
30%
Sep
Dec
40% 60
30
0
-‐30
June
Sep
Dec
June
50%
Sep
Dec
Brise Soleil
-‐60
Published by Einhorn in 1969 and adopted by the Commission Internationale de l’Eclairage (CIE) in metric calculations requires both direct and diffuse illuminances. The scale is defined in a number value, where values greater than 28 are considered “Intolerable” and less than 13 are “Barely Perceptible.” Master of Architecture Option 1 Thesis Presentation
March 3, 2014
CONCLUSIONS ENERGY EUI
BRISE SOLEIL
LIGHTS ENERGY
50%
DAYLIGHT PERFORMANCE
SOUTH
WEST
ANNUAL AVERAGE LUX FOR SUNNY SKY
30%
50%
SPATIAL DAYLIGHT AUTONOMY
ALL
50%
ANNUAL SOLAR EXPOSURE JALI FACADES
50%
USEFUL DAYLIGHT ILLUMINANCE(100-300 LUX)
50%
40%
ANALYSIS
30% - 50%
50%
VISUAL COMFORT
SOUTH
WEST
CIE GLARE INDEX
30%
30% (BRISE SOLEIL TOO LOW)
GLARE ANALYSIS
30%
30%
Master of Architecture Option 1 Thesis Presentation
March 3, 2014
CONCLUSIONS 3 pm Base Case
SUMMER
SPRING/FALL
WINTER
Energy Savings 31%
30%
2.1% 40%
SUMMER 3 pm
SPRING/FALL 3 pm
WINTER 3 pm
3.2% 50%
6.4% Brise Soleil
SUMMER 3 pm
SPRING/FALL 3 pm
Daylight Performance
WINTER 3 pm
12% Master of Architecture Option 1 Thesis Presentation
March 3, 2014
QUANTIFYING ENVIRONMENTAL PERFORMANCE OF JALI SCREEN FAÇADES FOR CONTEMPORARY BUILDINGS IN LAHORE, PAKISTAN
AYESHA BATOOL ayeshabatool85@gmail.com
Master of Architecture Option 1 Thesis Presentation
March 3, 2014