Site Survey and Heritage Building BID 3200 : BUILDING BY LAW GROUP 2 Jenifer Angelina R. Sabeeta A/P N. Rames
J20033572 J20030016
Aylar Ishangulyyeva J19031413 Laura Lau Wan Jun J20033896
TABLE OF CONTENTS SITE SURVEY
01
03
02 SITE ANALYSIS
04 PEDESTRIAN/ WALKWAY
ZONING
STREET FURNITURE
06
05 LANDSCAPE/GREEN AREA
URBAN FABRIC AND PATTERN
TABLE OF CONTENTS SITE SURVEY
07
08 FAÇADE DESIGN
ABOUT
10 HEIGHT RESTRICTION
09
11
MATERIAL USE
12 CONSERVATION OF BUILDING
CONCLUSION
01
SITE ANALYSIS
ZONE 2 Heritage Building at Melaka
Zone 2
Climate Sun & Wind Direction
Monthly Temperature
Sunset around 7.00 P.M
Sunrise around 7.00 A.M
• On Average the temperature in Melaka is always high • Annual maximum temperature: 31.0°C • Annual minimum temperature: 22.0°C North-Northeast
Climate
Average Wind Speed The mean monthly wind speed over the year.
Monthly Rainy Days The number of days each month with rain, snow and hail.
• October is the most rainy: 17.0 days of rain/snow • February is the driest month: 8.0 rainy day • The average annual amount of rainy days: 161.0 days
• • • •
Strongest wind (>19 km/h) is in January: 1.1 day Weakest wind (>1 km/h) is in April: 16.1 days Dominant wind direction, north-northeast : 48.5 days/year Strongest wind direction, northeast: >19km/h for 7 hour
Average Wind Rose
Climate
Dominant wind direction, north-northeast : 48.5 days/year
Strongest wind direction northeast: >19km/h for 7 hour
02
ZONING
SITE BOUNDARIES
According to Google map we can see that around 70% of surrounding buildings are commercial, and the remaining 30% are residential, governmental buildings and sightseeing ( museums, temples).
03
STREET FURNITURE
STREET NAMES IN ZONE 2
PART 1
PART 2
STREET FURNITURE PART 1 STREET FURNITURE LEGEND Street lamp Bollard Signs Dustbin Electrical box Traffic cones Fire Hydrant
STREET FURNITURE PART 2 STREET FURNITURE LEGEND
Street lamp Bollard Signs
Dustbin Electrical box Traffic Cones Bench
6 Different Types of Safety Signs in Malaysia Warning signs :
Information Road Signs :
It is necessary to warn traffic conditions, or adjacent to road
Information road signs are the ones that you would see most frequently used in Malaysia as they provide road users with general information about the road that they are using and the road ahead. These signs are usually in blue and white. These are often in red, yellow, or black and are diamond-shaped
Regulatory signs : It informs road users of traffic laws or regulations.
These signs are round with white backgrounds, red borders, and black pictograms.
Guide signs :
It is necessary to guide road user to the specific locations.
Guide usually in blue, green, brown, white, or yellow
6 Different Types of Safety Signs in Malaysia Street name signage :
It shall be provided at each location of junction to identify collector and local roads.
Constructions/Temporary Road Signs : These signs are usually in blue
These road signs are used when constructions or road maintenances are taking place temporarily.
These signs are usually in orange and black
LOCATION OF THE SIGNAGE AND DETAILS ABOUT THE SIGNAGE IN ZONE 2
No entry (one-way traffic)
No entry signage is located at the T-junction of Jalan Tukang Besi and Lorong Hang Jebat. The signage located there represents one way direction to Jalan Tukang Besi and also one way direction to Lorong Hang Jebat.
Stopping and parking forbidden
Stopping and vehicle parking signage is located at Jalan Tun Tan Cheng Lok. The signage is located there as that street is quite narrow and vehicles can’t pass through if any vehicle stops or parks there.
No Parking Bus And Lorry
No parking bus and lorry signage is located at a cross junction of Jalan Hang Jebat and Jalan Hang Kasturi. The signage is located at Jalan Hang Kasturi to show that no bus or lorry can park there as that street is quite narrow and it will be difficult for vehicles to pass through if any buses or lorry stops or parks there
LOCATION OF THE SIGNAGE AND DETAILS ABOUT THE SIGNAGE IN ZONE 2 Turning right prohibited
Stop and give way to all traffic
No smoking
No smoking signage is located near the shop lots at Jalan Hang Kasturi. The signage is located there as there is shoplots that consists of restaurants and cafe and smoking around that area
One-way traffic
Turning right prohibited and the stop and give way signage is located at the t-junction of Jalan Tukang Besi and Lorong Hang Jebat. The first signage shows that turning right to Lorong hang Jebat is prohibited and the other signage is for the vehicles to stop at the white line to check the traffic before turning left at the t-junction
One-way traffic is located at Jalan Kampung Pantai. Oneway traffic is located there to show that the vehicles can only pass through that street one way.
LOCATION OF THE SIGNAGE AND DETAILS ABOUT THE SIGNAGE IN ZONE 2
Street name Bear left
The bear left signage is located at Lorong Hang Jebat. The signage represents that vehicles can only pass through this street by only going left.
The street name signage located at jalan hang jebat represents the name of the street. The signage acts as an indication to the public to identify the name of the street easily.
TYPES OF BOLLARDS IN ZONE 2 Concrete bollards offer a weighty profile, adding a rugged or textured look to a site
Concrete Bollards
Bollard lights are a type of lighting fixture that is commonly used to illuminate pathways and landscapes for pedestrian use and safety.
Decorative bollards
Concrete bollards Decorative Bollards are installed to enhance architecture or landscape. They act as visual guides that enhance an area, perhaps providing lighting or bike parking. In places where they are not exposed to vehicle traffic there is no need for them to be impactprotective,
Flexible bollards
Flexible bollards are designed to bend upon vehicle impact. If they are run over, they have enough flexibility to bend all the way to the ground and then bounce back up, having sustained no damage. They are helpful in many situations as a visual guide that does no damage to a car that strikes them
Bollard lights
Construction bollards
Temporary Bollards can be placed to define and protect the work area from traffic. These bollards are usually made of flexible brightly color plastic ringed in reflective tape, and sit on removable rubber bases. They are usually spaced closely, to provide a continual visual edge to the oncoming traffic.
STREET FURNITURE ( BOLLARD SPACING, SAFETY AND INSTALLATION TYPES) Bollard Installation Types Bollard applications are versatile and can be fixed or removable high or low impact. A few common installation methods exist for bollard applications in commercial and industrial settings. The first consideration is whether the bollard will be fixed and permanent, or used for changing access control. It is up to the installer to select the best installation method depending on the bollard’s requirements.
4ft Bollard spacing Bollards can be spaced differently depending on their use. To prevent cars from driving through them, they should be no farther apart than 5″. However, bollards are used as storefront and building protection, campus security, sidewalk safety, around utilities, near loading docks, and to protect landmarks and plantings. These various sites may require different spacings.
Sidewalk safety and traffic calming Street bollards are a part of a traffic calming strategy that increases safer driving. At crosswalks and sidewalks, they provide visual cues to drivers that the curb is near and forms a physical barrier between pedestrians and vehicular traffic. They are also useful on median islands and curb extensions—an area where the sidewalk is extended, reducing pedestrian crossing distance and allowing them to see approaching vehicles better.
4ft
The bollards in zone 2 at Lorong Hang Jebat that is placed on the pedestrian walkway has a spacing of about 4 ft and it is not placed on the road. The placement of the bollards is good as the vehicles can park on the road easier and not driving over the bollards
TYPES OF STREET LIGHTING Street Lighting is placed in a pedestrian area due to safety matters, location of street lighting and type of material has a great influence to avoid any accidents and all their materials it is approved by SIRIM Malaysia. There are different decorations of lighting as follow : Decorative single arm street lighting: It shall be used at roadside of roads
Decorative pole lighting: It shall be provided at pedestrian and cycle lane Decorative double arm street lighting: It shall be used at median of roads
Basic Features of Street Light Luminaires The basic features of a street lighting luminaires are: •Roadway luminaires are mounted horizontally and thus have fixed vertical aiming. •Roadway lighting luminaires have particular intensity distributions which are desired to light long narrow horizontal stripes on one side of the luminaire, while minimizing the intensities on the other side of the luminaire. •The intensity distributions up and down the narrow strip are generally the same. •Any fixed aimed luminaire which does not have this type of intensity distribution is called an area luminaire.
IMPORTANCE OF STREET LIGHTINGS AND STREET LIGHTINGS IN ZONE 2 IMPORTANCE OF STREET LIGHTING In any area street lighting has an important role to play in: •Reducing risks of night time accidents •Discouraging crime
Decorative double arm street lighting
Decorative pole light with attached LED lighting
Wall mounted street lamp
Induction Lamp
Decorative single pole light with attached LED lighting
Incandescant lighting
•Assistance in the protection of buildings/property •Making secure environment for habitation •Discouraging vandalism
Decorative single arm street lighting
Hanging High pressure sodium streetlights
STREET FURNITURE ( SEATING AREA DETAILS AND REQUIREMENTS) Elevation of a cast concrete bench
Concrete bench provided for the pedestrians
REQUIREMENTS OF SEATING FOR THE PEDESTRIANS • Set up near other amenities such as bus stands , kiosks, newsstands and etc • Placed where there is protection from the wind and to allow a choice of seating in the sun or shade • Separated from the walking path by a space of 30-60 cm and the ground should be built up to create a level surface • Design to fit the surroundings • Armrests or back support seating area is required in a pedestrian area
04
PEDESTRIAN WALKWAY
Zone 2 Road Access
-
Pedestrian circulation
&
--
Major circulation Minor circulation Road direction for vehicle
Major & Minor Circulation Jalan Hang Kasturi
Lorong Hang Jebat
• One lane road surrounded by shop lots. • Road condition well maintained.
• Two lane road used as one way road. • There’s wrong road paint about road way (direction).
Jalan Hang Kasturi
Lorong Hang Jebat
- - Major circulation for vehicle - - Minor circulation for vehicle
Pedestrian Walkway
• Plenty of pedestrian minor walkway along the road. • Walkway in good condition because, mostly using stamped concrete.
Only one crossing walkway. Spacing measurement: 1200mm
Crossing walkway
Pedestrian minor walkway
Pedestrian secondary walkway
Existing pedestrian secondary walkway on most of two lane road.
Walkway Pavement
Clay brick pavement
Stone grain pavement
Poured concrete tiles Pavement area
Wood plank pavement
Walkway Pavement
Square ceramic tiles
Concrete pavement with small pebble concrete
Brick pavement Pavement area
Problem
• There are still people that park illegally on walkway and road side. • Parking illegally at minor road, making the more road narrow and dangerous for pedestrian and cyclist. • There are some pedestrian lanes that are blocked by shop merchandise and fixed or modified for personal use in several area.
Pedestrian Walkway Facility • There are no railing on pedestrian walkway. • There are only a few of bollard, and some of it poorly maintained. • Because there’s no railing, people can walk on road making it unsafe for them, and • Cars can park on pedestrian walkway, making pedestrian walkway damaged faster
Minor walkway
• • • • •
Walkway Size
Secondary walkway
Standard Minor walkway (1.25 m – 2.5 m) Zone 2 minor walkway size mostly 1.25 m, only a few of 2 m (mostly at 2 lane road). Some of minor walkway also didn’t reach the standard. Standard secondary walkway (0.6 m and up) Pedestrian secondary walkway in zone 2 mostly more than 1,5 meter.
2,5 Meter
Pedestrian minor walkway
Pedestrian secondary walkway
05
LANDSCAPE/ GREEN AREA
GREEN AREA DISTRIBUTION
Tall trees Bushes Organized and decorated green area Buildings Roads
SPECIFIC NAMES OF PLANTS AND TREES IN ZONE 2 Ailanthus altissima (Mill.) Swingle
1.
Wodyetia bifurcata A.K.Irvine foxtail palm tree
2.
Metasequoia glyptostroboides Hu & W.C.Cheng Dawn redwood conifer
3.
Paulownia tomentosa (Thunb.) Steud. Acer negundo L. Boxelder maple plant
4. Paulownia tomentosa (Thunb.) Steud. The princess tree, empress tree, foxglove and hardwood tree
SPECIFIC NAMES OF PLANTS AND TREES IN ZONE 2 5
Ulmus pumila L. The Siberian Elm
13
Bougainvillea Comm. ex Juss Bougainvillea plant
6
Musa × paradisiaca L. Plantain, French plantain, Dessertbanane, Banana
Ulmus minor Mill the field elm
12 7
Acer pseudoplatanus L Sycamore maple plant
Plumeria obtusa L. Singapore graveyard flower, Frangipani, Cây hoa đại
Mangifera indica L 11 Common mango tree
9
8
Podocarpus salignus D.Don Willowleaf podocarp, Willow-leaf Podocarp
10 Pinus strobus L.
Fraxinus excelsior L Ash, European ash, Black ash, Esche, Common Ash, Ask, Sourwood
DISTANCE AND CROSS SECTION OF TWO TREES IN ZONE 2 25.90mm Paulownia tomentosa (Thunb.) Steud
Paulownia tomentosa, common names princess tree, empress tree, or foxglove-tree, is a deciduous hardwood tree in the family Paulowniaceae, native to central and western China
Figure 1 shows the cross section of Paulownia tomentosa from basal part (a), macroscopic cross-section (b), tange section(c) and pith presence with large diameter (d). White arrow in (a) indicates heartwood boundary and (d) the large diameter in relation to total diameter
Figure 2 shows the anatomy of paulownia tomentosa wood that consist (a) cross-section, (b) tangential section, (c) intervascular hexagonal pits, (d) vessel-rays pitting with much reduced borders to rounded or angular pits
06
URBAN FABRIC AND PATTERN
Urban Fabric
Urban fabric is the physical form of towns and cities. Like textiles, urban fabric comes in many different types and weaves.
COARSE GRAIN rough, large-scale weaves functional, but not usually comfortable Large blocks big box stores and other car contract retail and corporate centers, or multi-block mega project dropped on a city without integrating the surrounding city or community NOT provide many opportunities for interconnecting usually inhospitable to interaction
FINE GRAIN easily navigable and lattice feel luxurious and want to make people linger in or around it fabric consists of several small blocks in close proximity narrow frontages, frequent store fronts, and minimal setbacks from the street opportunities to turn corners are frequent opportunities for discovery and exploration virtual no vacant lots or surface parking more intersections, traffic is slower and safer
Urban Fabric
Location: Zone 2 Melaka Urban Fabric: Fine Grain
Lots of storefronts
Lots of intersections
Urban Pattern
An urban pattern is the combination of buildings' density, the prevailing typology of the road network
Conventional Grid Pattern
Radial Grid Pattern
Organic Pattern
Conventional Culde-sac Pattern
Urban Pattern Location: Zone 2 Melaka Loops and lollipops The loops and lollipops pattern is characterized by the presence of loops and cul-de-sacs. Loops and lollipops create a non-directional pattern of streets that tend to loop back on themselves. Interconnection is limited to several through streets not readily apparent in the plan.
Loose grid The loose grid is sort of a compromise between the two systems above. (grid & organic) Streets mostly come to four-way intersections as with the gridiron, but they may curve and shift gradually as with the organic. The loose grid fills the spectrum between gridiron and organic.
07
ABOUT HERITAGE BUILDING
Heritage Building
Cheng Ho Cultural Museum
Heritage building location
Zone 2 road access
Baba & Nyonya museum located out off zone 2.
Baba & Nyonya Heritage Museum
Introduction
The Baba Nyonya House Museum, also known as the Baba Nyonya Heritage Museum, is a museum in Melaka City, Melaka, Malaysia. It showcases the local history of ethnic Chinese-Malays called Baba-Nyonya or Peranakan in Melaka. The Baba & Nyonya Heritage Museum is located in Melaka, a World UNESCO Site. The house is a combination of three terrace lots that were acquired by the Chan family in 1861. Four generations lived in the house before it was opened as a museum in March 1985. The name of the museum is derived from the term Baba, an honorific manner of addressing a Straitsborn gentleman and Nyonya which addresses a Straitsborn lady.
Brief history Four generations lived in the house before it was opened as a museum in March 1985. The name of the museum is derived from the term Baba, an honorific manner of addressing a Straits-born gentleman and Nyonya which addresses a Straits-born lady. The family’s earliest existence in Malacca dates back to the early 19th Century, with origins from Tong’An county in Fujian province, Southern China; and has links to one of the last few Kapitans of Malacca. Today the family’s descendants are the seventh generation.
08
FAÇADE DESIGN
Façade Design
U/V- shaped clay terracotta tiles roof
Façade Design Carved plaster renderings
Arched transoms
French windows w/ louvre shutters
French windows w/ timber shutters
Classical orders w/ carved plaster renderings
Ventilation opening is carved out of wood with a pierced decoration Five feet wide verenda Three moulded openings
09
MATERIAL USE
Materials Used Roof
Exterior
Cape of Roof
Reinforced concrete, Terracotta U-shape tiles
Chinese panel frescoed combined with Malay timber fretwork
Pilasters
Transoms
Plaster Rendering
Filled in with glass
Walls Brick plastered with lime
Column Tiles
Window Timber shutters and frame, gold painted details
Doors Timber shutters and frame, glass
Materials Used
Interior
Wooden Screen
Flooring
Flooring
Wooden carving (teakwood) with nature motives painted gold
Marble Tiles
Coloured Mosaic Pattern Terracotta Tiles
Materials Used
Interior
Stairs Timber
Flooring Coloured Mosaic Pattern Terracotta Tiles Screen Teakwood, Mirror
10
HEIGHT RESTRICTION
Baba Nyonya Museum Baba Nyonya Museum located outside zone 2, Still in core zone.
6-8 Meters
Melaka core zone have a height restriction, any building shouldn't exceed 12.2 meter or 3 level building. Baba Nyonya museum is a 2 level building with around 6-8 meter.
Building in Zone 2 Shortest building: 1 level building
Tallest building: 6 level building
Building location
Height Comparison Zone 2 is a core zone, there’s supposed to have height restriction (12.2 meters or 3 level).
Tallest building: 6 level building
Yet the tallest building in zone to is 6 level building (18-24 meters).
3-4 Meters
18-24 Meters
Shortest building: 1 level building
11
CONSERVATION
OF BUILDING
Conservation
Definition & Methods of Heritage Building Conservation
•“Includes all the processes of looking after a place so as to retain its cultural significance which encompasses the activities that are aimed at the safeguarding of a cultural resource so as it retains its historic value and extends its physical life”.(Article 1.4 of the Burra Charter of ICOMOS, 1999) •“The process of managing change to a significant place in its setting in ways that will best sustain its heritage values, while recognizing opportunities to reveal or reinforce those values for present and future generations”.(Under Principle 4.2 of English Heritage, 2008) •Heritage building conservation includes the process of maintenance, preservation, restoration, reconstruction, or adaptation or combination of any mentioned process to safeguard the physical conditions of the heritage building with reference to its cultural significance such as social, historic, aesthetics, and scientific values.(International Council of Monuments and Sites, ICOMOS, 1956)
Restoration
Maintenance
Preservation
Reconstruction
Adaptation
Conservation
General Procedures & Process
Application for Planning Permission The technical departments that are involved in the approval process of Planning Permission include the MBPP’s One Stop Center, MBPP’s Heritage Department, MBPP’s Development Planning Department, Georgetown World Heritage Incorporated Penang and the National Heritage Department . Among the documents that are required for the application of Planning Permission are a set of plans, Heritage Impact Assessment (HIA) report, survey plans and landownership.
Application for Building Plans approval The department that is involved in the approval process is the MBPP’s One Stop Center. Among the documents required for the submission are Building Plans, Planning Permission approval letter, MBPP’s Heritage Department approval letter, survey plans and landownership title. Other relevant technical departments and service provider that requires consultations and submission for approval may include the Fire and Rescue Department, Public Works Department and service providers for sewage treatment, water supply, electrical supply, drainage and irrigation, telecommunications, etc.
Problem statement and methodologies With the legal and procedural backdrop, businesses and building owners in George Town will have to deal with the various requirements in order to comply with the needs of maintaining the UNESCO status. Challenges experienced by owners by studying shophouses that have either been converted, undergoing renovations or undergoing stages of approval. Owners are required to submit Heritage Impact Statement. Once approved, need to submit for Building Pre-consultation of Planning Permission (2-month process) Pre-consultation of Building Plans approval (2-month process) Application of Planning Permission (40-day process) Technical review and feedback (14-day process) Application of Conservation Permit (14-day process) Once approved, owners need to submit for Building Plans approval. As for methodology, interviews and on-site observations were conducted to obtain firsthand account of the processes and challenges. Documentation in the form of photographs and drawings indicating changes made by the owners were undertaken.
Conservation
UNESCO Melaka Authority Building Control & Building Use
The building should be maintained with its original features (Exterior & Interior) The integration of lots for commercial purposes is prohibited Significant alterations and modifications of the building are prohibited. The activities and uses of the new building need to be adapted to the original architectural pattern with minimal modifications The conversion of building use to types that will affect any activities related to the culture of Baba and Nyonya is prohibited. These include: workshops, storage stores, animal breeding areas, nightclubs and entertainment venues. Business activities that result in the generation of uncontrolled activities (attractions) including wholesale activities are not allowed Activities that bring pollution are not allowed especially in terms of noise and polluted air
Conservation
The paint on the wall is falling apart.
Zone 2
Building is in an abandoned state
The plants grow from the cracks of the buildings
Restoration work is being done
Conservation
Baba Nyonya Heritage Museum
The Baba & Nyonya Heritage Museum is a World UNESCO Site. The house is a combination of three terrace lots that were acquired by the Chan family in 1861. Four generations lived in the house before it was opened as a museum in March 1985. The name of the museum is derived from the term Baba, an honorific manner of addressing a Straits-born gentleman and Nyonya which addresses a Straits-born lady. We welcome you on a journey into late 19th-century and early 20th-century Malaya. Meander through the home of Baba Chan Cheng Siew (1865-1919) whose eclectic taste offers a glimpse into the richness of the culture and the opulence that was fashionable in many pre-World War II Peranakan homes. Today the museum is still managed by the family. Their vision is to bridge communities to Malaysia’s history Peranakan identity and culture. By preserving this house for visitors and students they hope to honour the Peranakan spirit, keeping it alive for many generations to come!
Conservation
Baba Nyonya Heritage Museum
Restoration of wall with lime plaster Started in: September 2020
Conservation
Restoration of Lime Plaster on walls General info & Advantages of Lime Plaster
Lime, as a plaster material and mortar, has its roots in the Middle East; it can be traced back 140 centuries to northern Jordan. In the United States, historic plaster denotes lime plaster from pre-Colonial times to the early 1920s. Today, most plaster is still produced as it was historically – by heating either limestone or gypsum (or a combination of the two) at high temperatures. Above 800 degrees Celsius, limestone loses carbon dioxide to form lime, which cures slowly with atmospheric carbon dioxide. Processing must be done in a manner that reduces the particle size and increases the surface area, allowing the lime to release water slowly as it brings in air to carbonate. Once carbonated, lime plaster is highly water resistant, which makes it useful for exterior applications. Mixed with sand and hair, it makes coarse plaster, which can be used as a basecoat; combined with fine sand, it creates a finish-coat plaster that can be polished to a mirror-like sheen. Lime is also very flexible (it is capable of bending over time as the crystals slide past each other), which allows installed plaster to move with a building, thereby eliminating the need for expansion joints.
Lime plaster offers advantages over cement and gypsum based materials for the internal plastering of traditional properties: Traditional lime plaster is ‘hygroscopic’ – meaning it actively manages moisture and can help to regulate humidity levels internally and reduce problems associated with condensation. Their porosity allows the structure to “breathe”, therefore minimizing moisture build-up in solid walls. Lime plaster is flexible and can therefore accommodate general movement better than modern, brittle plasters.
Conservation 2
Restoration of Lime Plaster on walls Tools & Materials
3
7
8
5
4
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.
Plastering Trowel Plastering Hawk Straight Grain Wood Float Polyurethane Float Sponge Floats Pressure Sprayer Wire Scratcher Lime Plaster Mix (lime, aggregate, synthetic hair)
Conservation
Remove existing finishing & Prep the wall
Mixing till desired consistency achieved
Restoration of Lime Plaster on walls Process
Spray down the wall to remove suction
Apply scratch coat
Scratch the first coat to make sure next layer sticks to it
After drying, brush the wall and spray it down and apply float coat
Run the float over the float coat
Apply top coat/lime putty
12
CONCLUSION
Conclusion Since Baba and Nyonya Heritage Museum opened as museum in march 1985. Many tourist and young generation visit and admire Baba and Nyonya or Peranakan culture. Until today, the building is being repaired from time to time to restore the original shape of Baba and Nyonya Heritage Museum.