Andrew Yu Portfolio by Andrew Yu

PORTFOLIO ANDREW YU 2018-2021

CONTENTS [1] BORGO DIGITALE

Schoolhouse Collective // Castiglione d’Orcia, Italy Syracuse University Florence Study Abroad Program Professor Daniele Profeta

[2] RE:HAVEN

Revitalizing Mott Haven // Mott Haven, New York Syracuse University Fisher Center Professor Angela Co

[3] THRESHOLDS

Betwen Life and Death // Washington D.C. Syracuse University School of Architecture Professor Elizabeth Kamell

[4] ENSEMBLE THEATRE

Renegotiating the Theatre // Auburn, New York Syracuse University School of Architecture Professor Terrance Goode

[5] CLIMATE HAVEN: DETROIT

A Projective Approach to Climate Change // Detroit, Michigan Syracuse University School of Architecture Professor David Shanks, Yutaka Sho, and Nina Sharifi

[6] RINGWORM: ABSTRACTED LANDSCAPES Revitalizing Syracuse // Syracuse, New York Syracuse University School of Architecture Professor Mitesh Dixit

[7] INTERNSHIP EXPERIENCE

Dallas, TX | Shanghai, China | New York City, NY Intern at Numerous Firms

[8] RISING TIDES

Climate Change Museum Competition // Boston, MA Competition Work

[1]

BORGO DIGITALE Schoolhouse Collective Spring 2020

As the world shifts from a human-centric environment to a technological one, we begin to question what it means to be a human. Human and technology have a symbiotic relationship which creates a codependency with us using technology to remain connected and technology needing us to have a purpose. We must be re-educated on what it means to be “human”. Technology will teach us morals and values that will call for equity. The roles of technology and humans are reversed so that technology programs the human consciousness. With an automated society the role of the human is not clear. Our function no longer is to survive, but to live with one another in this shared economy. For this to become commonplace we must nurture the concept of togetherness from a young age. Through new tools of virtual learning and shared spaces we can restructure our society. Because the focus of the world has shifted from humans to technology, our interpretation of what it means to be human is extrapolated through the interactions that humans have with technology and the interactions that technology have with humans. The cooperation involved in processes of categorization and reorganization inform artificial intelligence about inherent human biases which are then extrapolated and reimposed in an attempt to mimic and create new vectors of communicating what it means to be human, completely informed by a machine learned aesthetic.

Type: School / Mixed Use Location: Castiglione d’Orcia, Italy Category: Academic Work Instructor: Daniele Profeta Role: Collaborative Work with Mason Malsegna 3.

The IoT: AI Generated Images

Borgo Digitale // Castiglione d’Orcia, Italy In the first exercise, we constructed an object to be expressive of the various tensions and shifts that come with implementing a 5G network to connect all infrastructures through the IoT. The wire in the object holds together all of the components that are needed to support this network, becoming a piece of infrastructure in itself. While the wire provides structural support for the components, the partially transparent fabric wrapper helps to define various spaces within the object and unify the piece. The zones of uncertainty created by the negative space formed around the fabric wrapper led us to develop a composition in our still life in which blocks are carved by photogrammetry scanned 3D models to create sculptural reliefs that hint at digitallly understood, distorted versions of objects.

A Monument to the Internet of Things Drawn by Andrew Yu

Original Textures Drawn by Andrew Yu and Regenerated using AI to make Hybrid Image Texture Maps

Through these preliminary studies that we conducted, we discovered the formal qualities of a negative surface that has been carved away by digital interpretations. Utilizing artificial intelligence, we began to explore machine interpretations of images by allowing for the machine to hybridize images we provided.

Negative Space Photogrammetry Scanned Composition Drawn by Andrew Yu

Approach to Castiglione d’Orcia

Borgo Digitale // Castiglione d’Orcia, Italy From these AI generated series of studies, we devised two zones for our schoolhouse. These two zones, a technology exclusion zone and a technology inclusion zone, appear unstable when juxtaposed next to one another. Within the technology inclusion zones is a program focused on the cycle of categorization and reinterpretation of images and knowledge. This is in an attempt to algorithmically understand the human biases. On the contrary the technology exclusion zones promote a program of human interaction and coexistence where students will have to negotiate with one another rather than with an algorithm.

Schoolhouse Front Facade Rendered by Andrew Yu

Birds Eye View of the Schoolhouse Rendered by Andrew Yu

Schoolhouse Front Facade Rendered by Andrew Yu

Borgo Digitale in the Context of Castiglione d’Orcia Drawn by Mason Malsegna

The Contrast between the Zones of Exclusion & Inclusion Drawn by Andrew Yu

Schoolhouse Underground Entrance Rendered by Andrew Yu

The Categorization Pods and AI Gallery

Technology Inclusion vs. Exclusion Zones // Castiglione d’Orcia, Italy The categorization pods are spaces where students categorize a series of images in an interaction similar to recaptcha human verification services. Through the continued categorization of images, human biases are recorded. The series of salmon colored vertical cubicles along the wall reference the San Cataldo Cemetery and givesthe space a technically constructed quality that is separate from the rough exterior materials. The video room is where algorithmically produced videos are reinterpreted by students. This room is mirrored in upper floors through the porous gallery and lounge space above, where the square punctures are repeated at a different scale.

(Top-Down): Gallery, Lounge, Categorization Pods Rendered by Andrew Yu

Schoolhouse Fragment Modeled and Rendered by Andrew Yu

Digital Image Processing Room Rendered by Andrew Yu

The Algorithmic Interpretation Video Rooms

Technology Inclusion vs. Exclusion Zones // Castiglione d’Orcia, Italy While we want to explore the interactions that humans have with technology, it is important for us to also promote human to human interactions while learning what it means to be human. In this view we see two distinct materialities at play with one another that create various tensions within our project. In this fragment we see a digital image processing station and a video room included in the technology inclusion zones, and a lounge space that belongs to the technology exclusion zones. The video room promotes interpretation of algorithmically produced series of videos from the students.

(Top-Down): Processing Station, Lounge, Video Room Rendered by Mason Malsegna

Schoolhouse Fragment Modeled by Andrew Yu and Mason Malsegna; Rendered by Mason Malsegna

Digital Image Processing Room Rendered by Mason Malsegna

[2]

RE:HAVEN

Revitalizing Mott Haven Spring 2020

RE:Haven, a project done in collaboration with our New York Study Abroad Studio and a Real Estate class, was an integrated studio that required a comprehensive understanding of architecture and real estate. We were tasked with developing a project that could take on the systemic issues in Mott Haven, follow New York zoning guidelines, and be economically viable. The duality of interests raised by the, at times, conflicting roles of the architect and developer presented an interesting challenge for us because the altruistic (and albeit slightly narcissistic) purpose that architects often envision themselves having is often limited by the pragmatic, monetarily driven field that is Real Estate.

Type: Housing/Mixed Use Location: New York City, New York Category: Academic Work Instructor: Angela Co Role: Collaborative Work with Dara Jin 8.

RENTE

18.80%

22.10%

17.10%

17.60%

22.50%

19.30%

20.00%

16.70%

21.80%

23.00%

BRONX

23.90%

18.70%

21.00%

17.00%

22.60%

MOTT HAVEN

24.20%

10455

In Mott Haven, there is a 42% poverty rate, the median household income is only 25,489 dollars, and only 59% of the population has a high school diploma. In fact, Mott Haven has the lowest income and education rates while having the highest and obesity rates and exposure to pollution in the state of New York. These issues are only amplified by the high crime rate in Mott Haven. These issues, propogated by underlying institutional racism, have only pushed the wealth gap further apart.

HOUSEHOLD INCOME AGE DMEOGRAPHICS

RE:Haven // Mott Haven, New York

Educational Attainment 1999 vs 2017

10454

2.50%

Less than 9th Grade

6.10% 9.90%

12.80% 6.60%

16.60% 19.90%

High school graduate/equal

5.20% 7.40%

13.60%

17.50%

5.40%

8.60%

Less than 9th Grade 22.00%

4.30%

12.20%

10 to 14 years

Less than $10,000 15 to 19 years $10,000 to $14,999 20 to 24 years 25 to 29 years $15,000 to 24,999

10454

4.80%

30 to 34 years $25,000 to $34,999 35 to 39 years

$35,000 to $49,999

2.00%

$50,000 to $74,999 45 to 49 years $75,000 to $99,999 50 to 54 years

Associate degree Bachelor's degree

Less than $10,000 10 to 14 years 15 to 19 years $10,000 to $14,999 20 to 24 years

$15,000 to 24,999 25 to 29 years

9.00%

30 to 34 years $25,000 to $34,999 35 to 39 years $35,000 to $49,999 40 to 44 years

13.90% 8.90%

7.20%

12.20% 5.00% 11.40% 6.00% 5.20%

8.20% $100,000 to $149,999

25.80%

60 to 64 years

$150,000 to $199,999 65 to 69 years

Under 5 years 5 to 9 years

Less than $10,000 10 to 14 years 15 to 19 years $10,000 to $14,999 20 to 24 years

$15,000 to 24,999 25 to 29 years 35 to 39 years

9.50% $50,000 to $74,999 45 to 49 years 15.40% 6.50%$75,000 to $99,999 50 to 54 years 55 to 59 years

$100,000 to $149,999

60 to 64 years

8.90%

11.20%

$150,000 to $199,999 65 to 69 years

8.30%

70 to 74 years $200,000 or more

25 to 29 years $15,000 to 24,999 30 to 34 years $25,000 to $34,999

9.50% 7.00%$50,000 to $74,999

45 to 49 years

8.60%

$75,000 to $99,999 50 to 54 years

13.50%

15.40% 14.00% 6.50% 7.50%

8.90% 8.30%

55 to 59 years $100,000 to $149,999 60 to 64 years $150,000 to $199,999 65 to 69 years

13.80%

6.10% 13.20% 7.50% 13.10% 6.60%

80 to 84 years 85 and over

Less than $10,000 15 to 19 years

$200,000 or more

70 to 74 years

8.10% 8.40%

11.00% 7.30% 7.30%

85 and over

Family Income 1999 vs 2017 Hispanic Population Percentage 1999 vs 2017 5.60%

13.20% 26.10%

0.50%

$10,000 to $14,999

$150,000 to $199,999

OWNER HOUSEHOLD SIZE LANGUAGE

13.20%73.20% 17.60%

16.30% 11.40%

RENTER HOUSEHOLD SIZE CITIZENSHIP

15.40% 14.10%

$200,000 or more

14.00%

34.20%

60.20%

1-person household

MOTT HAVEN 10454

28.20%

27.70%

18.00%

17.70% 14.90%

27.80%

30.50%

36.70%

2-person Native household Born in US 3-person Foreign household Born Citizen

31.30%

34.00%

5.60%

1-person household

29.90%

7.70%

25.90%

26.00% 20.10% 18.90%

32.50%

33.50%

15.34%

29.50%

2-person household

Native Born in US

5.00%

10.00%

15.0

22.50% 68.30% 76.90%

17.00%

4-or-more-person Foreignhousehold Born

16.60% 19.90%

5.40%

6.80%

9th to 12th grade, no diploma High school graduate/equal

5.20% 7.40%

13.60%

8.60%

2.30% 1.90% 6.20% 9.50%

28.50%

4.80%

Some college, no degree Associate degree Vacant

24.90%

Some college, no degree Occupied Associate degree

20.20%

95.20%

5.40%

27.20%

Graduate or professional + degree

6.60%

20 to 24 years 25 to 29 years

1.20% 1.90%

27.30%

4.80%

30 to 34 years

55 to 59 years 60 to 64 years

25 to 29 years 30 to 34 years

40 to 44 years

50 to 54 years

Renter55Occupied to 59 years

8.90%

7.20%

75 to 79 years

85 and over

30.50%

0.02%

55.00% 58.00%

26.80%

Service occupations Hispanic or Latino Sales and office occupations Not Hispanic or Latino

70 to 74 years

80 to 84 years

BRONX 10454

70 to 74 years

8.10% 8.40%

7.30% 7.30%

80.30% 6.60%

85 and over

60 to 64 years

10455

65 to 69 years

6.10% 7.50% 80.40%

75 to 79 years

75 to 79 years 80 to 84 years 85 and over

10451

MOTT HAVEN Hispanic Population Percentage 1999 vs 2017

0.00%

Occupation 1999 vs 2017

10.00%

Service occupations Hispanic or Latino Sales and office occupations Not Hispanic or Latino

8.40%

Farming, Fishing, and Forestry Occupations

30.30%

Construction, Extraction, and Maintenance occupations

74.70%

24.10%

37.40%

27.60%

Material Moving Occupations

0.00%

11.10% 12.30%

Management, Professional and related occupations

0.40%

Construction, Extraction, and Maintenance occupations 69.50% Production, Transportation, and

26.60%

17.10% 15.30%

8.30%

Farming, Fishing, and Forestry Occupations 73.20%

24.20%

Production, Transportation, and Material Moving Occupations

38.10%

13.10% 25.30% 17.90%

Management, Professional and related occupations

Hispanic or Latino Sales and office occupations Not Hispanic or Latino

Farming, Fishing, and Forestry Occupations

26.60%

30.30%

18.40% 16.60%

Service occupations

Construction, Extraction, and Maintenance occupations

8.90% 8.30%

20.00%

27.10%

11.40%

25.70%

40 to 44 years

50 to 54 years Renter Occupied

6.50% 7.50%

65 to 69 years

9.00%

35 to 39 years

45 to 49 years Owned 55 to 59 years

Hispanic Population Percentage 1999 vs 2017 Occupation 1999 vs 2017

Occupation 1999 vs 2017

7.30%

20 to 24 years

6.70%

60 to 64 years

NYC MOTT HAVEN

25 to 29 years

9.50% 7.00%

6.50%

50 to 54 years

8.30%

8.70% 93.20% 92.60%

15 to 19 years

30 to 34 years

5.20%

40 to 44 years

Renter55Occupied to 59 years

8.10%

7.10% 7.50%

80 to 84 years

7.00% 7.60% 7.40% 95.40% 94.50%

Management, Professional and related occupations

35 to 39 years

75 to 79 years

Hispanic Population Percentage 1999 vs 2017

5.00%

10 to 14 years

7.00% 19.70% 19.60% 10.20% 6.70%

30 to 34 years

45 to 49 years Owned

6.50%

7.50%

5.60%

70 to 74 years

80 to 84 years

21.10% 22.20%

H NYC

5 to 9 years

8.90%

0.50% 0.80% 1.40% 1.90%

4.20%

5.60%

25 to 29 years

7.00%

8.90%

65 to 69 years

8.30% 9.60%

7.00%

20 to 24 years

9.50%

60 to 64 years

85 and over

13.90%

15.00

BRONX Under 5 years

7.40%

3.70% 2.80% 3.50%

15 to 19 years

10.20%

6.70%

6.20%

1.40% 2.20%

2.90% 4.90%

10 to 14 years

45 to 49 years Owned

8.20%

Hispanic Population Percentage 1999 vs 2017

42.00% 6.70% 45.00%

10.00%

Vacant

Graduate or professional + degree

27.60%

Age 1999 vs 2017 Owned VS. Rented 1999 vs 2017 1.60%

Under 5 years 5 to 9 years

8.20%

6.00% 5.20%

35 to 39 years

10.00%

8.00%

70 to 74 years

6.80% 7.80%

15 to 19 years

2.00%

5.60%

65 to 69 years

6.80%

5.00%

94.40% 94.40%

1.10% 1.60% 8.80% 8.90% 7.40% 2.80% 3.50% 0.50% 6.80% 0.80% 4.20% 5.20% 1.40% 5.00% 1.90%

20 to 24 years

6.20%

Renter Occupied

25.80%

Age 1999 vs 2017 Owned VS. Rented 1999 vs 2017 1.00%

4.30%

10 to 14 years

10.90%

5.10% 6.00%

40 to 44 years

Graduate or professional + degree

2.70%

Under 5 years 5 to 9 years

8.60%

9.00%

35 to 39 years

7.80%

0.00%

Bachelor's degree

93.00%

2.70%

8.20%

5.50% 9.20% 0.60% 4.60% 0.80% 1.50%

4.60% 4.00%

5.30%

45 to 49 years Owned

7.30%

7.10%

Associate degree

95.60%

3.50% 2.80% 3.70%

50 to 54 years

7.10%

Some college, no degree Occupied

21.90%

16.40%

Bachelor's degree

90.50%

2.20%

2.10%

15 to 19 years

8.40%

Vacant

8.00%

20.40%

21.60%

Age 1999 vs 2017 Owned1.00% VS. Rented 1999 vs 2017

5 to 9 years 10 to 14 years

7.80%

0.00% 10451

High school graduate/equal

17.50%

Under 5 years

9.20%

7.00%

Associate degree

Vacant

93.80%

5.90% 5.80%

6.40% 88.10% 86.00%

Some college, no degree Occupied

15.50%

Bachelor's degree

29.30%

28.20%

96.20%

VS. Rented 1999 vs 2017 2.70%Owned1.70% 1.50% 3.70% 2.70% 7.60% 7.90% 3.20% 4.60% 0.90% 14.00% 8.00% 4.10% 1.20%11.90% 9.70% 2.00% 4.70% 2.60% 6.50% 5.20%

10451

9th to 12th grade, no diploma

5.40%

High school graduate/equal

10454 10454

Less than 9th Grade

14.50% 5.60% 15.80% 5.60%

8.80%

9th to 12th grade, no diploma

28.40%

14.00%

Graduate or professional + degree

26.30%

1.90%

6.90% 5.90%

12.50%

NYC

MOTT HAVEN 10455 10455

80.60%

Educational Attainment 1999 vs 2017 Occupancy 1999 vs 2017

Less than 9th Grade 20.60%

12.30%

High school graduate/equal

20.30%

22.60%

4.40% 7.00%

15.00%

Bachelor's degree

17.20%

5.30%

9th to 12th grade, no diploma

Occupied

17.50%

Educational Attainment 1999 vs 2017 Occupancy 1999 vs 2017

8.40% 4.70% 3.90%

Percentag

BRONX

MOTT HAVEN BRONX

71.10%

24.20%

2.50%

Less than 9th Grade 22.00%

4.30%

23.90%

18.70%

21.80%

72.00%

Educational Attainment 1999 vs 2017 Occupancy 1999 vs 2017

Less than 9th Grade

3.80% 4.80%

3-person household Foreign Born Citizen

18.80%

66.00% 73.40%

21.00%

79.50% 23.00%

Occupancy 1999 vs 2017

6.10% 9.90%

19.30%

20.00%

16.70%

2-person household Native Born in US

4-or-more-person Foreign household Born 22.10%

22.60%

1-person household

11.40%

3-person household Foreign Born Citizen

13.90%

Foreign Born

NYC

31.10%

28.20%

2-person household Native Born in US

Foreign Born Citizen

4-or-more-person household

17.50%

1-person household

7.70%

3-person household

17.10%

3.70%

12.20% 29.10%

24.60%

1-person household

10.30%

4-or-more-person household Foreign Born

6.20%

15.00

Percent of Popu 0.00%

12.80% 6.60%

10.00%

7.20%

23.10% 16.36% 15.30%

17.60%

5.00%

10451

Renter Household 1999 vs 2017 Citizenship 1999 vs 2017

Citizenship 1999 vs 2017

10455 10451 10454 0.00%

27.50%

17.20%

20.70%

Renter Household 1999 vs 2017

2-person household English only 3-person household Languages other than English 4-or-more-person household

47.30% 52.70% 59.30%

72.40% 24.30%

1-person household

40.70%

2-person household English only 3-person household Languages other than English 4-or-more-person household

22.60%

14.70%

15.00%

BRONX 10455

24.10%

29.10% 30.20%

69.20%

65.80%

Singl

BRONX NYC MOTT HAVEN

30.80%

69.20% 26.90%

$200,000 or more

26.20%

30.80%

24.50%

$10,000.00 $20,000.00

$150,000 to $199,999

11.50%

Owner Household Size 1999 vs 2017 Language 1999 vs 2017

27.60%

2-person household English only 3-person household Languages other than English 4-or-more-person household

19.90%

$0.00

NYC

13.90%

40.60%

1-person household 45.30%

20.00%

13.20%

31.10%

37.30% 2-person household English only 3-person household Languages other than English 4-or-more-person household

47.00% 51.60%

13.80%

14.30% 16.50%

72.90%

30.40%

1-person household

39.80% 44.90%

14.20%

10.00%

$100,000 to $149,999

17.20% 16.10%

20.10%

$35,000 to $49,999 Hispanic or Latino $50,000 to $74,999 Not Hispanic or Latino $75,000 to $99,999

55.70%

Owner Household Size 1999 vs 2017 Language 1999 vs 2017

14.60%

53.00%

$25,000 to $34,999 8.10% 13.50% 48.40%

51.60%

$150,000 to $199,999 $200,000 or more

0.00%

10451

$15,000 to 24,999

9.80% 15.30% 44.30%

18.10%

16.90%

$10,000 to $14,999

$100,000 to $149,999

15.90% 74.70%

69.50%

Owner Household Size 1999 vs 2017 Language 1999 vs 2017

Age 1999 vs 2017

AGEVS DMEOGRAPHICS OWNED RENTED HOMES

$35,000 to $49,999 Hispanic or Latino $50,000 to $74,999 Not Hispanic or Latino $75,000 to $99,999

14.20%

9.30%

$25,000 to $34,999

11.70%

$150,000 to $199,999

15.60%

17.10% 12.30%

Educational Attainment 1999 vs 2017

HISPANIC POPULATION OCCUPATION

11.30%

Less than $10,000

7.30%

1.10%

$15,000 to 24,999

1.90%

15.20% 11.20%

$100,000 to $149,999

$200,000 or more

16.80%

$35,000 to $49,999 Hispanic or Latino $50,000 to $74,999 Not Hispanic or Latino $75,000 to $99,999

12.70%

Renter Household 1999 vs 2017 Citizenship 1999 vs 2017

EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT OCCUPANCY

$25,000 to $34,999

20.50%

1.10%

$10,000 to $14,999

0.60%

$15,000 to 24,999

10.10%

$100,000 to $149,999

14.30%

33.50%

2.10%

25.80%

10.80%

10.20% 7.60%

Less than $10,000

0.70%

10451 10455

10454

3.90% 5.20%

15.50%

10.90% 25.30%

$10,000 to $14,999

0.20%

10.20%

$25,000 to $34,999 $35,000 to $49,999 Hispanic or Latino $50,000 to $74,999 Not Hispanic or Latino $75,000 to $99,999

55.00% 11.70%58.00% 15.40%

Less than $10,000

0.20%

26.80%

2.70%

4.00% 3.00%

27.10% 7.60%

22.60%

8.10%

10.10%

$15,000 to 24,999

11.10%

1.40%

42.00% 45.00% 13.60% 12.70%

4.00% 3.40%

30.50% Less than $10,000

0.90%

1.00%

1.20%

10454 MOTT HAVEN

Family Income 1999 vs 2017 Hispanic Population Percentage 1999 vs 2017

1.10%

NYC

10455 BRONX

75 to 79 years 80 to 84 years

85 and over

1.90%

MOTT HAVEN

$10,000 to $14,999 20 to 24 years

35 to 39 years

6.70%

75 to 79 years

8.10% 7.50% 7.10%17.00% 14.70% 7.30% 13.10% 9.00% 8.70%

80 to 84 years 85 and over

10 to 14 years

40 to 44 years

6.50%

DEMO

Under 5 years 5 to 9 years

$35,000 to $49,999

5.20%

40 to 44 years

NYC

BRONX

2.20% 1.60% 1.40% 2.90% 3.00% 2.20% 7.40% 13.80% 8.70% 4.20% 8.90% 4.90%6.50%3.70% 2.80% 0.90% 0.50% 23.60% 7.00% 3.50% 0.90% 0.80% 4.20% 10.20% 5.60% 1.40% 9.20% 10.10% 6.70% 1.90% 14.20% 5.00%

$35,000 to $49,999

7.50%

5.60%

75 to 79 years

Graduate or professional + degree

27.60%

BRONX COUNTY Household Income vs 2017 Age 19991999 vs 2017

30 to 34 years 7.00% $25,000 to $34,999

6.70% 6.20% 12.70% 14.80%

70 to 74 years $200,000 or more

7.00% 11.00% 8.30% 9.60% 7.00% 16.90% 7.60% 7.40%

75 to 79 years

1.90%

$50,000 to $74,999 45 to 49 years 55 to 59 years

80 to 84 years

10455

0.90% 1.00% 3.80% 2.70% 1.10% 1.20% 1.60% 2.70% 8.80% 6.80% 2.50% 19.30% 4.30% 8.90% 2.80% 9.00% 0.60% 0.50% 3.50% 8.20% 0.50% 0.80% 4.20% 31.10% 10.20% 5.20% 2.00% 1.40%

5 to 9 years

50 to 54 years $75,000 to $99,999

16.8.00% 10% 11.00%

70 to 74 years

Graduate or professional + degree

Household Income vs 2017 Age 19991999 vs 2017

10.00%

5.60%

65 to 69 years

$200,000 or more

2.10% 2.20% 5.00% 3.70%

10.00%

21.90%

Bachelor's degree

27.30%

Under 5 years

40.20%

5.10% 6.00% 11.30% 6.20%

40 to 44 years

Family Income 1999 vs 2017 Hispanic Population Percentage 1999 vs 2017

9.30% 10.70%

5.00%

Some college, no degree

16.40%

Associate degree

27.20%

Graduate or professional + degree

1.30% 0.70% 1.00% 2.20% 1.20% 2.10% 1.90% 4.20% 8.20% 5.70% 2.60% 9.20% 3.50% 2.80% 7.40% 25.40% 0.60% 0.60% 3.70% 8.60% 4.60% 0.20% 0.80% 8.20% 4.00% 5.30% 10.90% 1.50% 1.50% 9.20%

Under 5 years 5 to 9 years

to 64 years $150,000 to 60 $199,999

7.80%

7.30% 14.80% 16.10% 6.80% 7.80% 7.00% 11.50% 6.40% 6.80%

6.20%

8.00%

20.40%

21.60%

Bachelor's degree

29.30%

28.20%

to 59 years 12.70% $100,000 to 55 $149,999

8.40% 6.60% 14.10% 7.10% 15.60% 7.10%

Some college, no degree

15.50%

Household 1999 vs 2017 AgeIncome 1999 vs 2017

2.70%1.60% 1.70% 1.50% 1.90% 3.70% 2.70% 4.60% 7.60% 18.60% 3.60% 7.90% 6.70% 3.20%0.70% 8.00% 4.60% 9.60% 0.90% 4.10% 0.30%1.20% 9.70% 29.50% 2.00% 1.70% 4.70% 2.60% 6.50% 11.00% 5.20% 12.10% 5.40% 9.20% 13.80% 5.90% 7.80% 5.80%

0.00%

High school graduate/equal

17.50%

Graduate or professional + degree

26.30%

10451

9th to 12th grade, no diploma

5.40%

High school graduate/equal

Associate degree

20.20% 20.30%

10451

9th to 12th grade, no diploma

28.40%

Less than 9th Grade

14.50% 15.80%

8.80%

14.00% Some college, no degree

Bachelor's degree 22.60%

1.90%

12.30%

High school graduate/equal

6.90% 5.90%

12.50%

20.60%

15.00%

Associate degree

17.20%

Less than 9th Grade

8.40% 4.70% 3.90%

5.30%

9th to 12th grade, no diploma

28.50%

4.80%

Some college, no degree

24.90%

2.30% 1.90%

6.80%

9th to 12th grade, no diploma

Owner Household Size 1999 vs 2017 Language 1999 vs 2017

RE:Haven Study Models Made by Andrew Yu and Dara Jin

Educational Attainment 1999 vs 2017

Household 1999 AgeIncome 1999 vs 2017vs 2017

FAMILYPOPULATION INCOME HISPANIC

Understanding Mott Haven: Analysis of Mott Haven Demographics

EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT

Educational Attainment 1999 vs 2017

72.90%

Service occupations Hispanic or Latino Sales and office occupations Not Hispanic or Latino

48.40% 55.70%

NYC

Farming, Fishing, and Forestry Occupations

23.50%

Construction, Extraction, and Maintenance occupations

28.90%

Production, Transportation, and Material Moving Occupations

10.00%

Management, Professional and related occupations

25.00% 26.60%

7.10% 7.70% 44.30% 0.10% 51.60%

5.00%

Production, Transportation, and Material Moving Occupations

24.50% 33.40%

BRONX

NYC MOTT HAVEN

Language 1999 vs 2017

LANGUAGE INDUSTRY

Industry 1999 vs 2017

6.50% 12.50%

Construction

7.50%

39.80%

53.00%

English only

Educational, Health, and Social Services

65.80%

Retail Trade

Languages other than English

Educational, Health, and Social Services

26.90%

7.30%

8.60%

8.00%

Public Administration

8.70%

8.80%

CITIZENSHIP VETERAN STATUS

15.34%

Foreign Born Citizen Foreign Veterans Born

Veterans Foreign Born

Not Veterans

1.80% 12.20%

3.80%

Native Born in US

7.70%

Public Administration

100

Percent of Popula

NYC

2.50%

17.50%

Pollution

5.80%

13.90%

Native Born in US

11.40%

Foreign Born Citizen

Veterans Foreign Born

Not Veterans

Not Veterans 66.00% 73.40%

68.30% 76.90%

79.50%

80.60%

95.70%

Occupancy 1999 vs 2017

Disabled Population 1999 vs 2017

4.40%

5.60% 5.60%

7.00%

14.60%

15.70%

17.50%

27.67% 32.71%

34.14%

Occupied

10454 MOTT HAVEN

Disabled Population 1999 vs 2017

6.20% 9.50%

MOTT HAVEN

97.50%

98.20%

17.50%

NYC

BRONX 10455

94.20%

96.20%

98.20%

BRONX

71.10%

72.00%

Occupancy 1999 vs 2017

4.80%

OCCUPANCY DISABLED POPULATION

15.00%

Veteran Status 1999 vs 2017

Foreign Born Citizen

3.80%

10451

7.5

28.42% Occupied

Occupied

Vacant Disabled

Not Disabled

0.00%

8 5.00%

10.00%

15.00%

Sup 65.86%

67.29%

OWNED VS RENTED POVERTY LEVEL HOMES

72.33%

90.50%

95.20%

84.30%

5.50% 4.60%

19.70% 19.60%

41.80%

Owned

Renter Occupied

46.40% 48.40%

below poverty

51.60%

40.70%

Renter Occupied below poverty

Owned

Renter Occupied below poverty

not below poverty

53.60%

BRONX

not below poverty

58.20%

88.10% 86.00%

Occupation 1999 vs 2017

21.10% 22.20%

13.90%

6.70% 0.02%

25.70%

26.60%

30.30%

Occupation 1999 vs 2017

13.10%

18.40% 16.60%

Management, Professional and related occupations

Service occupations

Sales and office occupations

Farming, Fishing, and Forestry Occupations

Construction, Extraction, and Maintenance occupations

Production, Transportation, and Material Moving Occupations

38.10%

MOTT HAVEN

Mott Haven Demographics Gathered by Andrew Yu Management, Professional and related occupations

24.20% 26.60%

17.10% 15.30%

17.90%

Management, Professional and related occupations

Sales and office occupations

8.40% 0.40% 30.30% 24.10% 37.40%

27.60%

Farming, Fishing, and Forestry Occupations Construction, Extraction, and Maintenance occupations

0.00% 25.00% 26.60%

7.70% 0.10%

5.90% 6.50%

2.60%

Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing, Hunting, Mining

3.50% 3.00% 5.70% 6.40% 3.80% 1.70% 7.20% 0.20%

Industry 1999 vs 2017

Construction

12.20%

2.30% 10.40%

Retail Trade

4.70% 4.20% 4.70% 9.40%

6.40%

0.20%

Wholesale Trade

10.10% 19.50%

4.90%

1.10% 14.60%

5.00%

Construction Manufacturing

6.60%

17.90%

Retail Trade

2.70%

0.40% 8.50%

4.60%

Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing, Hunting, Mining

4.10% 2.80% 10.90% 10.80% 4.00%

Manufacturing Wholesale Trade Retail Trade

Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing, Hunting, Mining

0.10%

Construction

5.30%

6.90%

Wholesale Trade

3.30%

NYC

Industry 1999 vs 2017

Industry 1999 vs 2017 Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing, Hunting, Mining

0.10%

6.50%

Manufacturing

Production, Transportation, and Material Moving Occupations

24.50% 33.40%

5.80% 12.20%

6.10% 7.30%

3.70% 5.10% 3.50% 5.20% 4.50% 6.20% 0.10%

1.70%

Construction Manufacturing

2.90% 11.50% 9.90%

10.00%

Inca

Construction, Extraction, and Maintenance occupations

Production, Transportation, and Material Moving Occupations

5.00%

Service occupations

Farming, Fishing, and Forestry Occupations

28.90%

Management, Professional and related occupations

Sales and office occupations

23.50%

9. Industry 1999 vs 2017

Occupation 1999 vs 2017

11.10% 12.30%

7.10%

Service occupations

8.30%

Production, Transportation, and Material Moving Occupations

MOTT HAVEN

80.40% 69.30% 80.30% 70.30%

93.20% 92.60%

95.40% 94.50%

11.40%

7.50%

BRONX

29.70% 30.70% Owned

59.30%

61.50% 64.40%

12.50%

NYC

Poverty Level 1999 vs 2017

7.40% 6.80%

Owned

not below poverty

NYC

Owned VS. Rented 1999 vs 2017

Poverty Level 1999 vs 2017

35.60% 38.50%

3.70%

85.40%

Owned VS. Rented 1999 vs 2017

14.00% 11.90%

94.40% 94.40%

95.60%

82.50%

Poverty Level 1999 vs 2017

71.58%

93.00%

93.80%

96.20%

82.50%

Owned VS. Rented 1999 vs 2017

OCCUPATION

20.10% 18.90%

Native Born in US

10.30%

Disabled Population 1999 vs 2017

10.00%

Arts, Entertainment, Recreation, Accomodation and Food Services

5.60% Native Born in US

99.83%

While it cannot be resolved in a single apartment design, architecture can act as the catalyst for change to begin to occur. Through research on alternative approaches to living such as communal housing, as well as modular housing units to make the price of living more affordable, my partner and I began imagining an affordable apartment complex that could act as a pivotal turning point for the revitalization of Mott Haven.

5.00%

Educational, Health, and Social Services

Citizenship 1999 vs 2017

Veteran Status 1999 vs 2017

4.30%

4.89%

7.70%

Occupancy 1999 vs 2017

Mott Haven Income Map Drawn by Andrew Yu

MOTT HAVEN 0.00%

7.20%

95.11%

Mott Haven Zip Code Map Drawn by Andrew Yu

Professional, Scientific, Management, Administration, Waste Management Services

Other Services (except public administration)

Public Administration

Citizenship 1999 vs 2017

Veteran Status 1999 vs 2017

10451

Finance, Insurance, Real estate, Rental and Leasing

8.60% 8.70%

1.80% 17.70% 14.90%

0.17%

Information

6.40%

Other Services (except public administration)

Public Administration

Citizenship 1999 vs 2017

Veteran Status 1999 vs 2017 16.36% 15.30%

English only

Transportation and warehousing, and utilities

Languages other than English

32.40%

Arts, Entertainment, Recreation, Accomodation and Food Services

Other Services (except public administration)

Retail Trade

1.70% 3.60%

30.20%

Educational, Health, and Social Services

2.10%

Arts, Entertainment, Recreation, Accomodation and Food Services

11.10% 8.00%

Professional, Scientific, Management, Administration, Waste Management Services

10454

Wholesale Trade

7.20% 6.80%

59.30% Finance, Insurance, Real estate, Rental and Leasing

0.50% 6.10%

10455

BRONX

Manufacturing

52.70%

Information

6.50%

11.40% 69.20% 23.10% 72.40%

Construction

9.90% 47.30%

English only Transportation and warehousing, and utilities

Professional, Scientific, Management, Administration, Waste Management Services

7.00%4.70% 24.90%

12.20%

Wholesale Trade

10.80% 4.00%

4.60%

Finance, Insurance, Real estate, Rental and Leasing

1.50%

Other Services (except public administration)

Citizenship 1999 vs 2017

8.50%

Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing, Hunting, Mining

0.10% 1.70% 3.70% 5.10% 3.50% 5.20% 4.50% 6.20% 6.10% 2.90% 0.10% 11.50% 7.30% 40.70% 5.80%

Manufacturing

Transportation and warehousing, and utilities

7.20% 5.30%

1.40%

25.20%

Arts, Entertainment, Recreation, Accomodation and Food Services

9.50%

4.10% 27.60% 2.80% 30.80% 10.90%

Information

69.20% Professional, Scientific, Management, Administration, Waste Management Services

Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing, Hunting, Mining Construction

5.30% 0.40%

Retail Trade

11.50%

Finance, Insurance, Real estate, Rental and Leasing

7.40% 30.90%

2.70%

6.90%

Wholesale Trade

Information

5.80%

6.60%

17.90%

Manufacturing

English only

Languages other than English

7.50%

Construction

3.30%

4.90%

Transportation and warehousing, and utilities

7.20% 1.90% 3.10%

28.60%

10.10% 19.50%

Retail Trade

10.40% 47.00%

60.20%

6.40%

Industry 1999 vs 2017

1.10% 4.70% 34.20% 4.20% 4.70% 9.40% 31.10% 14.60% 0.20%

Wholesale Trade

Language 1999 vs 2017

5.00%

Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing, Hunting, Mining

0.10%

6.50%

Manufacturing

12.20%

2.30%

0.20%

Industry 1999 vs 2017 2.60%

Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing, Hunting, Mining

3.50% 3.00% 5.70% 6.40% 3.80% 1.70% 7.20%

5.90%

Language 1999 vs 2017

Wholesale Trade Retail Trade

BRONX

Designing for Mott Haven: A Community Oriented Approach RE:Haven // Mott Haven, New York RE:Haven sets out to create a lot more open space, develop a new community hub, bring in more green space, address systemic problems by creating a safer and more welcoming community, repurpose spaces without dislocating previous tenants, and provide amenities that are easily accessible and helpful to the community.

Sectional Perspective Drawn in Collaboration with Dara jin

RE:Haven Typical Floor Plan

40% of the apartments were allocated to supportive housing. As for the designation of program, the first floor was designated for the aforementioned public programs, the second through fourth floors were a mix of commercial program and residential units, and the fifth through fourteenth floor were designated for residential units. Furthermore, each unit was designed with maximum efficiency in mind.

Typical and Corner Studio Unit Drawn by Andrew Yu

Elevation Drawn in Collaboration with Dara Jin

10.

Typical and Corner Two Bedroom Unit Drawn by Andrew Yu

Typical and Corner Three Bedroom Unit Drawn by Andrew Yu

Typical and Corner Four Bedroom Unit Drawn by Andrew Yu

The Communal / Void Spaces RE:Haven // Mott Haven, New York

Within each floor we designed void spaces in between apartments; these spaces ranged from 10 feet by 24 feet to 20 feet by 24 feet. These shared spaces were meant to have a flexible and adaptable program, fitted to the requirements and desires of the community.

RE:Haven Exterior Rendered by Andrew Yu

Communal / Void Space Program Examples Drawn by Andrew Yu

Our void spaces would give the residents autonomy and the opportunity to decide what their community needs within a neighborhood where the government municipality has routinely neglected its residents. Possible programs are a communal kitchen, reading room, playroom, and classroom. Ultimately, we wanted to give the community a voice while improving the community aspects of apartment living.

Facade Detailing Rendered by Andrew Yu

11.

RE:Haven Balcony Rendered by Andrew Yu

[3]

THRESHOLDS

Between Life and Death Fall 2019

This project, done in the fall of 2019, was conducted in three phases. The first phase focused on the procession and ritual from living to the dead through the study of the Day of the Dead festival, popularly celibrated in Spanish and Mexican cultures. The second phase involved investigating the San Cataldo Cemetery, it’s language, intended symbology, and figural significance. Taking from these precedents, we were tasked with designing a hospice in Washington D.C. Through this exercise, I heavily investigated the plan, the relationship between differing levels of scale in plan, and the figure and ground conditions that are carved out through different interpretations of poché. I was also inspired to analyze the philosophy of Tolstoy, interpreting his world views and seeing how it may affect my understanding of the relationship between life and death.

Type: Hospice Location: Washington D.C. Category: Academic Work Instructor: Elizabeth Kamell Role: Individual Work 12.

Día de Los Muertos: The Day of the Dead Between Life and Death // Washington D.C.

The culture of death and dying is a lot different in Mexico. Whereas we consider death to be a tragic end to life, in Mexico, death is considered to be the reality to the dream that is our life. Therefore, on the Day of the Dead when the souls of the dead come back to the mortal playground that we occupy to visit their loved ones, there is a convergence of the dead and the living.

13.

The San Cataldo Cemetery: An Analysis Between Life and Death // Washington D.C.

The San Cataldo Cemetery, initially called L’azzurro Del Cielo, was named after George Bataille’s Le Bleu Du Ciel which translates to The Blue of the Sky. Though the title suggests some sort of importance regarding a relationship with the sky, the book actually ends with the main character walking in a cemetery. There is a candle light for each skeleton in each grave, buried under the chasm of the funerary stars. This is an analogy to the procession that Aldo Rossi is creating in his cemetery, moving from the sanctuary to the ossuary before descending into final burial place. Rossi’s understanding of the Analogous City as a place being constructed by a collection of memories can be observed through the forms that these monuments take on; the form of the house and the factory are adopted into the system in this way to evoke memories for the dead. Aldo Rossi is creating a monument for the dead. We are all fragile in life. However, when we die , we join the millions of others. Upon death, all inequalities are erased and we become one with the earth, sky, christ, and ourselves.

The model is a reductive understanding of the San Cataldo Cemetery, meant to capture the different lighting effects within the procession

14.

The Procession Towards Death: Approach Between Life and Death // Washington D.C.

In Leo Tolstoy’s The Death of Ivan Ilyich, Ivan Ilyich, on his death bed, was upset that he had been chosen to die. He was confused because of all the people on the earth, why had God selected him to die? He had always lived an honest life; he had a wife, kids, and a high position within government, so why had he been chosen for such a fate? His looming death haunted his dreams; he felt trapped, unable to break free.

Study Models Exploring the Procession Towards Death

The Deathroom Axonometric

The Deathroom Plan and Section

When Ivan reflected about his life in more detail he realized that everything he achieved was given to him. His wife, job, and home were all material desires that he inherited from a higher authority. Only upon understanding that everything in his life was artificial, he felt relief. In this release, he saw light, felt true ecstacy, and died; at that moment of death, he experienced true autonomy.

15.

Figure and Ground within the Plans and Sections of the Hospice Between Life and Death // Washington D.C.

What is perceived to be “autonomy” is limited by the scale in which we think of autonomy whether it be liberty within the boundaries of science, morality, or law. Autonomy is exercised only in terms of the scale in which it is interpreted. True autonomy, however, is not achieved until death. It is only in that moment when autonomy is understood in its most uncontaminated sense. Otherwise, humanity is controlled by surreptitious systems that vary in scale.

Second Floor Plan

Third Floor Plan

Fourth Floor Plan

Fifth Floor Plan

The plan uses of the solid-void relationship of figure and ground understood at different levels of scale. At different levels of comprehension, figures that are read as void have a figure-ground relationship within them, mimicking the complexities and scales found in life.

First Floor Plan

16.

Projecting the Hospice: An Analysis Between Life and Death // Washington D.C.

The hospice splits into two angles; one portion is aligned with the White House, while the other portion is aligned with the geometry of the site. This creates a “cross” condition mimicking the arrangement to the capital. Furthermore, by connecting a datum line from the white house to the hospice, another grand level of scale is created.

Physical Models Demonstrating the Relationship Between Figure and Ground

Analytical Orthographic Drawing Demonstrating how the Hospice Works with Datum Lines

Purism Interpretation of the Hospice

17.

Rene Magritte Interpretation of the Hospice

[4]

ENSEMBLE THEATRE Renegotiating the Theatre Spring 2021

Competition: King + King Competition Finalist Type: Performance Center Location: Auburn, New York Category: Academic Work Instructor: Terrance Goode Role: Collaborative Work with Alexander Michel

The Ensemble Theatre is a multi-venue performance center located in the heart of Auburn, New York. The idea of the project is to create an architecture that represents the composite nature of the theatre . Whether it be the many stories a theatre house contains or the many individuals who make up an individual show, the theatre is about a collection of individuals forming a cohesive, yet multivalent whole. Like a machine, it requires the cooperation of many moving parts. The Ensemble Theatre expresses this heterogeneity through the architectural expression of programmatic relationships. 18.

Designing the Ensemble Theatre

The Crown of the City // Auburn, New York The 338-seat main theatre house is designed as the hearth of the project. In both plan and section, it sits within the center of the project. Supplementary program wraps the theatre volume, encasing it within a solid perimeter. On the exterior, the wrapping is expressed through a metal-fin system that shrouds the materiality of the theatre volume. From afar, the theatre volume rises from its encasing to crown the project.

3rd Floor Plan Drawn by Andrew Yu

2nd Floor Plan Drawn by Andrew Yu

1st Floor Plan Drawn by Andrew Yu

Preliminary Sketches Drawn by Andrew Yu

Below Ground Plan by Andrew Yu

Diagrams Modeled and Drawn by Andrew Yu; Lineweights Done by Alexander Michel

19.

The Program Behind the Ensemble Theatre Connecting Back to Auburn // Auburn, New York

On the street level, the project is adjacent to Genesee Street, one of the main streets of Auburn, and the Exchange Street Mall, a small public walkway connecting Genesee Street with Lincoln Street. At the corner of the project, below the theatre lobby, is a glass facade leading into the lower lobby. This facade has entrances facing both adjacent streets, and dissolves the boundary between interior and exterior through its transparency. On the interior, this lobby space connects to a cafe, book and gift shop, and circulation to both upper and lower programs. Further along the Exchange Street Mall, the facade is interrupted by an excavated space that serves as a public outdoor amphitheatre.

The amphitheatre formally engages with the mall, gesturally reaching out into the space. The amphitheatre operates as an outdoor performance space, and while not in use, provides a location for public gathering along the Mall. The lowest level of the amphitheatre leads into the below-ground floor of the project, containing an 84-seat multi-use auditorium, back of house spaces for service, and the mechanical and electrical equipment rooms. The auditorium is the only public program below ground, entered through a staircase in the main lobby. The auditorium is backed by a large lightwell that extends up against the existing adjacent building throughout the entirety of the project. On floors above, this lightwell is exposed through a floor-to-ceiling glass wall.

20.

North-West Section Drawn by Andrew Yu

Designing the Ensemble Theatre Exterior Conditions // Auburn, New York

During the day the front volume has a soft, translucent surface; at night the volume lights up from within, projecting the interior onto the facade and acting as a beacon to downtown Auburn. The amphitheatre connects the theatre to the rest of the public, activating the street. By bringing people to the ampitheatre, the adjacent mall is also activated.

Daytime Axonmetric Rendered by Andrew Yu

1. TRANSOM 2. MULLION 3. 1/4” X 1/2“ PHTF TYPE “B” W/#12 SQUARE 4. AIR SEAL (ARLOC T-BULB WEATHER STRIP) 5. INTERIOR FIXED GASKET 6. TOGGLE ASSEMBLY 7. SCREW SPLINE SEALANT BACKER 8. TRANSLUCENT LAMINATED GLASS

2 3 4 5 6 7 1 8 6 5/8” PER MANUFACTURER

E 2 3 1

East-West Section Drawn by Andrew Yu

1. CLEARWALL CURTAIN WALL SYSTEM SCREW SPLINE SYSTEM 2. TRANSOM 3. MULLION 4. FILL VOID WITH INS. NBK PER MANUFACTURER 5. ALUMINUM BRAKE METAL 6. TRANSLUCENT LAMINATED GLASS

4 5

Nighttime Axonmetric Rendered by Andrew Yu

10 3

11 12

4 5

6 7

1. REFER TO DETAIL H 2. DECORATIVE LIGHT WEIGHT ALUMINUM FIN, ANCHORED TO METAL STUDS @ 16” O.C. 3. ALUCOBOND PANEL 4. T EXTRUSION 5. BAFFLE 6. WEEP HOLE 7. ALUCOBOND END PROFILE 8. INTERIOR WALL 9. INTERIOR FLOOR FINISH 10. STEEL ANGLE REFER TO STRUCT. DWGS 11. CONCRETE SLAB ON METAL DECK 12. STEEL BEAM REFER TO STRUCT. DWGS 13. CONTINUOUS INSULATION ON WEATHER BARRIER ON 5/8“ EXT. GYP. SHEATHING ON 6” METAL STUDS @ 16“ O.C. 14. ALUMINUM SOFFIT SYSTEM ON 7/8” MTL HAT CHANNELS ON 6” FRAMING AT 16” O.C. 15. ALUCOBOND END PROFILE

14 15

East-West Section Drawn by Andrew Yu

Outdoor Amphitheathre Rendered by Andrew Yu

21.

11’-0” A.F.F. BOT. OF SOFFIT

Detailing Drawn by Andrew Yu

[5]

CLIMATE HAVEN: DETROIT

A Projective Approach to Climate Change Fall 2021

Cities, particularly along the coast of America, have been growing at a rapid pace throughout history. Places like New York City, LA, and Houston take in hundreds of thousands of migrants every year; they become integrated into the life force that sustains these cities. The migration towards these megacities is the result of the poor economic conditions and lack of employment opportunities, all too typical across America. However, rather than addressing the losing situation that is the degradation of the rest of the country, architects, politicians, and planners remain fixated on remedying the needs of expanding cities. While the importance of these cities cannot be underestimated as they are essential to the current American economy, the lack of attention given to the American heartland has led to a polarity in the quality of cities outside of the limelight. However, the Midwest is extremely relevant to America, especially when planning for the future. American megacities are flawed; their geographical locations make them extremely vulnerable to climate change. Warmer summers and drier conditions along the west coast have led to an increase of 800% in high-severity wildfires since 1985. Cities along the West coast are also at threat of being affected by earthquakes. Meanwhile, on the East coast, as the annual sea levels rise, flooding is becoming increasingly common. New York’s sea level, for example, increases by an inch every 7-8 years. Additionally, hurricanes have cost cities along the East Coast $138 billion dollars in damage in just 2018 and 2019 alone. The density of these cities has also made them extremely vulnerable to issues such as pandemics, as has been demonstrated with the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. Finally, with 40% of the United States being susceptible to desertification, the majority of which is located around the breadbasket, the country is set to lose a lot of fertile land. With the current infrastructure not being capable of handling these massive implications, at what point is the investment no longer worth the returns?

Type: Urban Planning / Urban Design Location: Detroit, Michigan Category: Academic Thesis Project Instructor: David Shanks, Yutaka Sho, Nina Sharifi Role: Collaborative Work with Wentao Liu 22.

US Climate Data Comparing the Coast to the Midwest A Projective Approach to Climate Change

It is estimated that by 2100, as many as 13.1 million Americans will be at risk of losing their homes as a result of climate change, potentially resulting in a population upheaval similar to the Great Migration of the 20th century.Midwestern post-industrial Rust Belt cities are the least susceptible to climate change because they’re geographical distance from the coast, their elevation hundreds of feet above sea level, and their proximity to the Great Lakes, the largest source of freshwater in the world. Furthermore, the large amount of existing infrastructure and vacancy that has come to define these cities could be adapted and reimagined for incoming climate refugees. Therefore, the post-industrial Rust belt city could become a potential safe, climate haven for the future of the United States. The issue is that these cities are widely dilapidated; they have some of the lowest household incomes and the highest emigration rates in the country. Cities like Detroit, Cleveland, and Pittsburgh have shrunk tremendously in population and wealth since their peaks in the 20th century. Flooding Data Main Map Drawn by Andrew Yu; Supporting Diagrams Drawn by Wentao Liu

The failure of the city has to do directly with the failure of the infrastructure to serve the city. The infrastructures of these cities were built for the use of millions of people; however, urban planners didn’t predict the mass exodus of hundreds of thousands of majorly white families toward suburbia during the 50s and 60s. The loss of tax revenue directly affected their productivity and economy because they didn’t have the funds to maintain their infrastructure. Additionally, their infrastructure was planned in correlation with the redlining of American cities. As such, minorities who were already disproportionately segregated, saw their communities get seized by the government and torn apart for highways. Thus, when white families left the city in flocks and occupied the surrounding suburbs, they left the city in the hands of those that they had disenfranchised. Additionally, a lot of properties defaulted, making urban blight commonplace within the post-industrial city.

Hurricane Data Main Map Drawn by Andrew Yu; Supporting Diagrams Drawn by Wentao Liu

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Wildfire Data Main Map Drawn by Andrew Yu; Supporting Diagrams Drawn by Wentao Liu

Diagnosing Detroit: Infratstructural Degradation Climate Haven // Detroit, Michigan

Michigan National Grocery Map

Detroit Food Desert Map

We looked to Detroit to understand the typical Post-Industrial city. Quickly, we identified that its decline correlated with the building of highways. This is because the highways facilitated the emigration of middle class families out of Detroit. Additionally, these highways were planned over redlined communities; Corporations like the Federal Home Loan Bank Board (FHLBB) and the Home Owners’ Loan Corporation (HOLC) redlined communities that were deemed hazardous. Communities that fell under this category were denied access to financial services such as banking or insurance, services such as health care and even access to supermarkets. As such minority communities have been torn apart. The loss of strong communities like the Black Bottom neighborhood and Paradise Valley has led to a disinvestment within minority populations. After the white flight, the city was left in the hands of the communities that have endured the most discrimination. This has led to poor education, low income, a lack of access to fresh foods, and a lack of access to public facilities like hospitals, among many other issues within the city. Maps and Research by Andrew Yu

Timeline, Data, and Research Done by Andrew Yu; Graphical Style Done by Wentao Liu

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Detroit Police Access Map

The Detroit - Grosse Pointe Boundary Boundary Conditions // Detroit, Michigan

Research and Supporting Diagrams Drawn by Andrew Yu; Map Axon Drawn by Wentao Liu

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RINGWORM: ABSTRACTED LANDSCAPES Revitalizing Syracuse Spring 2019

The population of Syracuse has been declining since the 1950, and many of buildings are in a state of decay or have been demolished. Through our research, we found that 27 percent of Syracuse infrastructure is vacant property, which was extraordinarily high, especially compared to cities like New York City. Through this project, our goal was originally to urbanize Onondaga County by reducing the vacancy of Syracuse in order to revitalize the city. We located the most densely populated portion of Onondaga County, its ring road condition, and “densified” it by pushing the surrounding building envelope into the ring road condition. The project was done in collaboration with Woobin An.

Type: Urban Planning / Urban Design Location: Syracuse, New York Category: Academic Work Instructor: Mitesh Dixit Role: Collaborative Work with Woobin An 26.

Rewilding Syracuse

Rewilding // Syracuse, New York In this project, my partner and I looked at the city of Syracuse as a whole and identified that its decay was directly associated with the declining population. Therefore, we looked to repopulate the city. Rather than expand upon the site to attempt to increase density, we chose to reduce the land available for existing buildings. This was done by moving and compressing Onondaga’s infrastructure into a ring condition created by existing major roads; density through subtraction. We proposed a supercity created along a ring with the interior consisting of agriculture and a power supply; the ring as a cell. By moving the built environment inward, the land that was left over would be given back to nature in a process known as rewilding. Looking at the ring condition, an urban fabric where people could both inhabit and work in was created. Furthermore, by moving everybody into this ring condition, the density increased from 580 people per square mile to 37,500 people per square mile.

Initial Ring Condition Proposal Modeled by Andrew Yu; Rendered by Woobin An

The initial quarry site was sectioned off in parts and extruded at various heights according to allocated function. The idea was to compress the city into the quarry.

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Densification through Subtraction Drawn by Andrew Yu

The Future of the Ring Condition Ringworm // Syracuse, New York

Though we were able to solve the issue of urbanity and density by shoving the population into the ring, this approach to a new city wasn’t enough and didn’t capture a landscape as provocation. In the end, we decided that the Ring Worm had to become its own life form that then slowly drained the Earth’s resources. To correspond to the demands of the Ring Worm, we projected our scenario 100 years into the future and reimagined Syracuse, not as the dying college town but as the final hope for humanity in some post apocalyptic scenario.

Ringworm Top Condition Rendered by Andrew Yu

In order for the Ringworm to sustain itself it needed to have some way of gathering resources. We designed the Ringworm by section, with each section having a different function. The Ringworm would use its limb-like members to absorb air, collect energy, and extract minerals, water, and food. These members pass through the porous shell and into the tubes inhabited by the last remaining humans on the earth. Ringworm Exterior Condition Rendered by Andrew Yu

Ringworm Interior Condition Rendered by Andrew Yu

Section of the Ringworm in Action Extracting Air and Water Modeled by Andrew Yu; Rendered by Woobin An

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The Ringworm In Section

Ringworm // Syracuse, New York

Section of the Ringworm Energy and Food Extractor Rendered by Andrew Yu

Section of the Ringworm Mineral Extractor Rendered by Andrew Yu

Section of the Ringworm Air Extractor Rendered by Andrew Yu

Section of the Ringworm Water Extractor Rendered by Andrew Yu

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[7]

INTERNSHIP EXPERIENCE

Dallas, TX | Shanghai, China | New York City, NY Summer 2018 - Present

I worked at a number of firms over the past 5 years including Humphreys Architects & Partners, Atema Architecture, Atelier Z+, and nARCHITECTS. I was able to pick up a lot about how practice works in the real world. This includes schematic design, land planning and code research as well as work involving drawing diagrams and building models. I also worked on competitions and pavilions, learned more about the relationship between architects, clients and contractors, and became more familiarized with materials, design processes, and different work environments.

Type: Planning /Graphic Design/ Model Making Location: Dallas, Texas | Shanghai, China | New York City, NY Category: Work Experience Role: Intern at Architecture Firms 30.

Humphreys Architects & Partners

Dallas, TX // Summer 2018, Summer 2019, Summer 2021 This project, called the SOGRO Apartment Complex, is located in Saint Louis, Missouri and was originally designed in the summer of 2019. As a member of the design team, I was responsible for designing the site plan, the building plans, and the elevations. I designed the project according to the required unit mix, and organized the site plan to maximize parking efficiency while including amenities such as a dog park, a roundabout, and a large courtyard.

Site Plan Drawn and Designed by Andrew Yu

Landscape Plan Drawn by HPLA

Render Done by Diamond Graphic Design Company Elevation Drawn and Designed by Andrew Yu 31.

Atelier Z+

Shanghai, China // Summer 2018, Summer 2019 In the Summer of 2018 and 2019, I worked at Atelier Z+ in Shanghai, developing diagrams, renders, 3D models, and physical models for the studio. During my first stint, I also contributed to the team that won the Sanlin Bridge Competition. This is a pavilion that was designed in the Summer of 2019. The overall concept was to minimize the structure supporting the roof by using three columnar trunks. Additionally, we wanted a tree to interrupt the roof through the triangular aperture. I was in charge of producing the physical models. After extensive modeling, the structural system was switched to a grid of thin, steel columns so that the roof appears to float. The pavilion finished construction in 2021.

An Aerial View of the Pavilion, Built 2021

The Pavilion During the Final Construction Phase, Built 2021

Preliminary Models Created by Andrew Yu

The Tree at the Center of the Pavilion

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A Closeup View of the Pavilion, Built 2021

[8]

Because of climate change, coastal cities are sinking. Cities such as Boston and New York are increasingly at risk of flooding due to rising sea level, increased precipitation, and rising temperatures. For coastal cities to be more prepared for the imminent future, they need to adapt and restructure their city to accommodate the rising sea levels. Now in thinking about how a museum can affect climate change, we must first define the museum as it operates today. Regarding the functionality of a museum, as technology becomes increasingly available, the function of the museum becomes more and more obsolete. Whereas traditionally, the museum has served as an institution curated to distribute information, in this current landscape, the vast resource for information is the internet. Therefore, for museums to continue to remain relevant into the future, their function must be reimagined. Furthermore, a museum must be altruistic for it to be justified in today’s landscape.

RISING TIDES

Climate Museum Competition // Boston, Massachusetts Summer 2020

Type: Museum location: Boston, Massachusetts Category: Competition Work Role: Individual Work 33.

Rising Tides

Climate Museum Competition // Boston, Massachusetts My proposal for the climate change museum was for the museum and the plot of land it is built on to also function as a reservoir, effectively blocking the flooding from reaching the city. The project was designed so that certain portions of the program were constantly underwater, certain portions of the program would occasionally be submerged underwater, and certain portions of the program would always be above water. Therefore, the overall program of the building was in flux, depending on its surrounding environment. However, the three main functions of the museum itself would remain the same. The museum would act as an exhibition hall, an education center, and a research facility. In such a way, along with its purpose as a barrier for the city, the museum itself was constantly adapting to correspond with the modern demands of society.

Site Plan of the Climate Museum

Elevation Demonstrating Different Water Conditions

Basement Floor Plan

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First Floor Plan

Second Floor Plan

Rising Tides

Climate Museum Competition // Boston, MA

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