trachea
an
Put your h
r
s ib
ve wid ha
en e d?
.
ta
nk
t so h f ox y ge n w i t
h
em
There is no a ir in
ur
yo
at
wh
ow lh
Th
’s
e. ac p s
d take a deep bre n a t at h. es h Do c
ee
The air that we breathe is invisible, but it still needs space. You can blow air into a balloon yourself!
e
How does air travel around our body? We take a breath and the air flows into the TRACHEA.
uf yo
do nt
h
We breathe every minute, all day and night, without even noticing it. Like other mammals, we breathe in OXYGEN and breathe out CARBON DIOXIDE.
ya tak s t ro n a u t s
e
These are lungs when they are filled with air. Breathe out and the lungs will become smaller.
When the body doesn’t have enough oxygen, we start yawning. We need to open the window sometimes to breathe fresh air.
lungs
bronchi The trachea is divided into two “branches” called BRONCHI. The warm air flows along them to the lungs.
alveoli
You can’t inhale underwater, but you can exhale. The air you breathe out gathers into bubbles
R SAM’S A O T
There are special hairs inside our nose that hold and push out dust and microbes. When it happens, we sneeze.
ile co u g Wh
and g n i h
ICE DV
uth.
DO C
mo
sneez ing
nd
p your no There are a lot of bubbles in er u se v lungs. These are called alveoli. co a s y Through them the oxygen a w l gets into the blood. a
Try to breathe with your nose instead of mouth, especially in winter. In the nose the air is warmed up and cleaned. If we breathe with our mouth, the cold air gets into our lungs and we can catch a cold.
NERVES connect all our organs like tiny wires.
The BRAIN works a bit like a computer. It makes all the different parts of our body work, even when we are asleep. The MARROW inside our spine helps to carry signals from the brain along the To explore the world nerves to all our organs. around us we use five
senses. These are called SIGHT, SMELL, HEARING, TASTE and TOUCH.
retina
lens pupil
The brain is protected inside the skull.
Eyesight gives us nearly all of our information. Our eyes see objects upside down at first, and then the brain turns the pictures the right way up!
cornea
Our pupils control how much light gets into our eyes. If the light is bright, the pupils become smaller.
We have 78 ORGANS such as the heart, brain and lungs.
ea
r sp s a on ec nd s ia k e of l co in n th em trol .
If you prick yourself, the nerves will quickly tell your brain about it. The brain will send a command to pull your hand away.
RS O T
’S A
ICE DV
DO C
h
a
e, u g s o n re i c t , s e Th e r e a o n . es, n s i n fo y a e rg Our eo bra s r n e u are s in o e r t n ce AM
Our brain works even in our sleep. That’s why we dream. We can have about ten dreams in one night.
Take care of your eyesight. Read at daylight, taking breaks every 30 minutes. Don’t watch TV or work at the computer longer than two hours a day.
The heart is pumping blood into the aorta.
yv e
api lla r
ul
se .
ist. p
vein
The aorta is the biggest artery.
artery
and
aorta
ies
T h at i s
r yo u
ter
at ?
Ar
be
gertips. even our fin
veins are connected by thin c
wr
l ee C a n yo u f a
A child’s pulse rate is about 100 per minute.
are capill here ari T . es s l e in s s
d es an , ey ars re ou
t
fingers on ur yo o y
ur
Pu
The HEART is the most important organ in our body! It squeezes and relaxes to pump BLOOD through all the vessels – our arteries, veins and capillaries.
The heart beats nonstop all the time.
Bright red blood goes along the arteries to bring oxygen to our organs. The veins return the blood to the heart after using it.
Blood consists of liquid plasma, white and red blood cells, and also platelets.
of
ce
l l s carry oxygen and nutrients to every p a r
A OR S M’S A T C
ICE DV
DO
o
d
yo
bl o T h e re d
ur bo d y.
The white blood cells are like brave warriors. They fight illnesses.
If you hurt yourself badly, don't touch your wound. Ask your parents for help right away!
t
Platelets hurry to the places where there is a vessel damaged. Inside a wound they stick to each other and to the vessel’s wall.
If you want your heart and vessels to stay healthy, strengthen them! Enjoy sports and spend more time outside in the fresh air!
Digestion begins in our mouth.
Food is the fuel for our body. Just like at a small chemical factory everything is mixing inside us… That’s our breakfast, lunch and dessert being digested!
teeth
Teeth grind food, and our tongue mixes it with saliva.
ee If w of ots at l
gullet stomach
l ies get a l the bo d n ur at they eed. , o ls th a od fo iner of m es d typ s an ent dif fer itamin v
Down the gullet food is reaching the stomach. The stomach makes half-liquid gruel out of everything you eat.
Don't swallow big pieces of food, as they are hard to digest!
Eat different foods, including vegetables, fruit, fish and meat, and dairy foods. Try to eat at the same time every day! We need to drink about two litres of liquid per day.
bowels In our bowels all the nutrients are passing from our food into the blood.
V
Harmful substances leave our body with sweat, urine and feces.
Th e
The liver destroys poisons that get into our body.
ater and wa w st e e ar
e to our b lad urin as
liver
eys send the n sp kid
SAM’S AD
r. de
T
R
IC
E
DOC
O
Our bladder stretches, and the brain gives the command: "It's time to go to the toilet".
straight dark hair
All human beings are alike. Our bodies are working in the same way, and we all have ten fingers and ten toes. But you won't find two people who are exactly the same. Let's find out why!
fair hair Every one of us was once a tiny cell, which divided up into many other cells.
Cells are ver
y
can onl y see
th
co
pe .
y. tin
Yo u em
The colour of our skin, hair and eyes depends on the amount of a substance called melanin.
s ro thr c i ough a m
Everyone has their very own pattern on their fingertips. Even twins!
curly black hair Dark-skinned people have more melanin than fair-skinned people. Some eyes are big and others are small, but everyone's eyes blink the same way!
r by gender diffe : e l p d n w o a o men en Pe . re m a e r e th
People can have curly or straight hair, and sometimes no hair at all!
SAM’S AD R O
CE VI
DOC T
Children look a lot like their parents. They inherit their parents’ appearance and some of their abilities.
To grow strong and healthy you need to sleep at least eight hours a day. People grow in their sleep!
www.azbooks.com