UA Engineering Design Day Book 2015

ENGINEERING DESIGN DAY MAY 5, 2015 – FROM CONCEPT TO REALITY

Showcasing innovative, real-world senior projects by UA engineering student teams working directly with professional sponsors and mentors engineeringclinic.arizona.edu

INTERDISCIPLINARY ENGINEERING DESIGN PROGRAM | AN INDUSTRY-UNIVERSITY PARTNERSHIP

ENGINEERING DESIGN DAY 2015

Sponsored by the University of Arizona College of Engineering

Sign on Now for a Design Project Sponsorship UA Engineering Design Project sponsorships provide low-cost, low-risk opportunities to: Explore new technologies Bring back-burner projects to life Try out potential employees Take advantage of faculty expertise Access University resources Help students experience the world of engineering

Design or manufacturing projects are 1,000 hours in scope and occur over an academic year (August 2015-May 2016).

Contact us by June 30, 2015 to work out the details for project sponsorship.

“I thoroughly enjoyed working with the Senior Design team and I am impressed by the quantity and quality of the details in modeling as well as the analysis. The team showed a good understanding of how a design/development project works — requirements, design and risks are all accounted for.”

— Randy Firor, Senior Principal Systems Engineer, Raytheon

Be a Part of Something Big... Sponsor Design Day 2016, Where It All Comes Together!

Supporting events and awards for Design Day, the best Engineering event of the year, expands your company’s visibility and helps increase the pool of qualified engineers.

Contact Ara Arabyan at 520.621.2116 or arabyan@email.arizona.edu today for more information.

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College of Engineering Office of the Dean Civil Engineering Building #72

P. O. Box 210072 Tucson, AZ 85721-0072 (520) 621-6594 FAX: (520) 621-2232

May 5, 2015 Welcome to the 13th Annual Engineering Design Day! This is the best day of the academic year! This is the day when we show the world how engineers design solutions to societal problems and improve the quality of life.

In the Interdisciplinary Engineering Design Program at the University of Arizona, multidisciplinary teams of Engineering seniors work to solve design problems identified by industry partners, faculty and student clubs.

This event only exists because of the hard work of students, mentors, faculty and, importantly, the many individuals and organizations who sponsor projects and help mentor and guide our student teams. On behalf of our students and faculty, thank you to all of our sponsors and industry partners. It is because of you the program continues to get bigger and better every year.

This year we have more than 400 students majoring in various engineering disciplines demonstrating nearly 80 completely original engineering projects, some of which will go on to be commercial products. Please enjoy the day and ask design teams about their projects. Our students are enthusiastic about their designs and appreciate opportunities to explain how they intend to help change the world for the better.

Sincerely,

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Jeffrey B. Goldberg Dean, College of Engineering

TABLE OF CONTENTS Engineering Design Day 2015

Dean’s Welcome ___________________________________ page 2 Event Schedule _____________________________________ page 4 Event Map _________________________________________ page 5 List of Projects Displayed _________________________ pages 6-9 Awards ________________________________________

pages 10-18

Project Descriptions _____________________________ pages 19-95

All contents ©2015 Arizona Board of Regents. All rights reserved. The University of Arizona is an EEO/AA - M/W/D/V Employer.

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ENGINEERING DESIGN DAY EVENT SCHEDULE

10 a.m. – 4 p.m.

10 – 11:30 a.m.

1 – 3 p.m.

3 – 4 p.m.

4 – 4:30 p.m.

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MAY 5, 2015

Senior Engineering Design Day Project Demos Project Demonstrations for Judges Judging for Awards Judges Meet to Finalize Awards Awards Ceremony

Projects will be in the Student Union Memorial Center Grand Ballroom and on the UA Mall south of the Student Union.

Awards ceremony will be held in the Student Union Ballroom.

ENGINEERING DESIGN DAY 2015 Inside the Student Union Memorial Center Grand Ballroom and outside on the UA Mall.

See pages 6-9 to identify projects.

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2015 LIST OF PROJECTS DISPLAYED Interdisciplinary Engineering Design Program Page

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Team# Project Title

19 1401 20 1402 21 1403

22 1404 23 1405 24 1406 25 1407 26 1408 27 1409 28 1410 29 1411 30 1412 31 1413 32 1414 33 1415 34 1416 35 1418 36 1419 37 1420 38 1421 39 1422 40 1423 41 1424

Silent Crossbow Compound Bow Assembly Process Cost Reduction Mainstream-Disk Cavity Flow Overlap Resistance Factor Under Pulsating Mainstream Building a Smarter Grid Design and Demonstration of a Head-Up Display Exergy Efficiency of High-Performing Office Buildings Wildlife Tracking and Geolocation System Variable-Pitch Propeller for UAVs Classroom Nephelometer to Teach Engineering for Sustainability Mobile Watchtower for Volcano Remote Sensing Boeing Teammate Awareness Device Autonomous Mapping Software for 3-D Imaging Advanced Farrier System Robotic Ordnance Neutralizer (RON) Remote Imaging System Acquisition (RISA) Project Aircraft Smart Table Deployment Mechanism Super First-Class Mini Sink Electromechanical Shaft Disconnect for Generators Composite Autotransformer Thermal Improvement Remote Water Surface and Velocity Measurement Hypersonic Wing Deployment The Firebird UAV

See map on page 5 to locate project tables

2015 LIST OF PROJECTS DISPLAYED Interdisciplinary Engineering Design Program Page

(continued)

See map on page 5 to locate project tables

Team# Project Title

42 1425 43 1426 44 1427 45 1428 46 1429 47 1430

48 1431 49 1432 50 1433 51 1434 52 1435 53 1436 54 1437 55 1438 56 1439 57 1440 58 1441 59 1442 60 1443 61 1444 62 1445 63 1446

Optical Fabrication of Light-Weighted 3-D Printed Mirrors Design and Demonstration of a Low-Cost Head Tracking System Super-Stainer Precision Thermal Control On-Slide Fluid Volume Measurement Device Delivery of an Endovascular Device for a Bifurcating Vascular Anatomy Design of Cyclic Variations in Adaptive Conditioning System for Small Animals Air Quality Sensor System Ergonomic Microtome with Sensory Feedback Automated Whole Body Imaging Integrated with Dermoscopy Imaging X-Ray Interface Board Strain Gauge Based Cycling Power Meter Lightweight Rocket Sensor Payload and Testbed Automated Optical Surface Defect Detection Tool Automated Paint/Coating Process Mobile Terrain Scanning Optical Time-of-Flight Rangefinder Aerodynamic Modeling, Measurements and Simulation Wireless Flow Sensor for Cerebrospinal Fluid Shunts 3-D Printed Antennas for Wireless Communication Smartphone Integrated Gun Lock Connected Lighting System Using Power over Ethernet Knife Gate Valve Portable Hydraulic Testing Station

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2015 LIST OF PROJECTS DISPLAYED Interdisciplinary Engineering Design Program Page

Team# Project Title

64 1447

65 1448 66 1449 67 1450 68 1451 69 1453 70 1454 71 1455

72 1456 73 1457 74 1458 75 1459

Android Platform Hearing Assist Device Refinement and Form Factor & Usability Assessment Fireproof Design for APU Inlet Plenum Split Line Joint Redesign of a Turbine's Flange Joint into a Composite Shear Joint Robotic Technologies in Naval Applications Handheld Ophthalmic Examination Device Smart Wrist-Worn Sensor for Emotion Assessment and Intervention Design of an Active Knee Extension Simulator Smart Foot: A Pressure-Responsive Insole to Reduce Ischemia and Muscle Fatigue Point-of-Care Microfluidic Thrombosis Monitor Three-Color Animated Holographic Projector Spherical Superfinishing Machine 905 Laser Weapons Mounted Rangefinder

Aerospace Engineering Page

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Team# Project Title

76 1460 77 1461 78 1462

79 1463 80 1464 81 1465

X-56 Modular Aircraft with Dynamic Scaling (XMADS) X-56A DART: Dynamically Scaled Aircraft for Research and Testing A Method for the Morphing Actuation of Continuous Control Surfaces Sabino Canyon VTOL UAV Dynamic Soaring of UAVs Clipper Spirit Wing Classification

(continued)

See map on page 5 to locate project tables

2015 LIST OF PROJECTS DISPLAYED Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering Page

82 83 84 85

(continued)

See map on page 5 to locate project tables

Team# Project Title 1466 1467 1468 1469

Recycling Lettuce Wash Water with Ozone-Injected Microbubbles Dewatering Algae The Smart Hoop House Gray Water Recycling System

Chemical and Environmental Engineering Page

86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94

Team# Project Title 1470 1471 1472 1473 1474 1475 1476 1477 1478

Industrial Scale-Up of Copper Nanoparticle Coated Paper Propane-Based Fuel Cells Production of Feed from Microalgae Sunshine Distillers: Design of a Bourbon Distillery Utilization of Waste Heat from Power Generation to Purify Water Minimizing Acid Generating Potential on Sulfide Mine Tailing Production of Ultrapure Nitrogen Plastics Recycling Plant Gasoline Blending Via Alkylation

Civil Engineering Page 95

Team# Project Title 1479

Design of Multistory Historical LEED Building

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AWARDS

Engineering Design Day 2015

Raytheon Sensintel Award for Best Overall Design

(1st prize $1,000; 2nd prize $750)

While several designs may meet the judging criteria, this award is given to the designs that do so the most effectively. The projects that receive this award excel in many ways. The design is well thought out and its implementation is of high quality. It accomplishes all key design requirements and is supported by rigorous analysis and testing. Its poster and presentation are professional and easy to understand.

Bly Family Award for Innovation in Energy Production, Supply or Use

(1st prize $1,500; 2nd prize $500)

This award recognizes the best project related to sustainable, cost-effective and environmentally friendly energy production, distribution or use. Winning projects could focus on developing new energy sources, reducing energy costs, improving efficiency or reducing cost of energy distribution, adapting existing energy distribution methods to better integrate new energy sources, and increasing efficiency of energy use.

Thorlabs Photonics Is the Future Award

($250 per person up to $1,750)

This award recognizes the most innovative use of optoelectronics and optomechanics in a design.

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AWARDS

Engineering Design Day 2015

Rincon Research Award for Best Presentation

($1,000)

This award reflects the quality of the overall verbal and poster presentations. Verbal presentations should be well structured to describe efficiently the overall problem being solved and the specifics of how the team accomplished its design. Answers to questions should be direct and demonstrate mastery of the project. Presenters should speak in a clear and easily audible voice, making good eye contact with the judging pod. The poster board should be visually interesting and graphically well organized to tell a standalone story of the project.

Texas Instruments Analog Design Contest Award

($1,000)

Regardless of whether a design project is sponsored, who is sponsoring it, or what is being designed, analog integrated circuits are often required. Teams using three or more TI analog ICs in their designs are invited to enter the TI Analog Design Contest. Projects are judged on originality of design, quality of design, creativity of design, level of engineering analysis, and a written description of how each TI analog chip benefited the design.

Ventana Award for Innovation in Engineering

($1,000)

Innovation may include the novel use of existing components or the creation of entirely new components to meet customer requirements. The most innovative design will not only be a creative solution to a problem but also an effective solution that is well implemented. This award recognizes the team that has created or made use of components in the most innovative way, or demonstrated excellence in the implementation of innovative design in its project, or both. (continued on next page)

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AWARDS

Engineering Design Day 2015

ACSS/L-3 Communications Award for Most Robust Systems Engineering

($750)

This award goes to the team that most robustly addresses all aspects of the project from the systems perspective. Criteria include requirements capture and flow down, technical risk identification and mitigation, manufacturability, integration and test plan. Judges will look holistically at the program to determine overall effectiveness of the systems process.

CAID Industries Award for Innovation in Manufacturing

($750)

This award is given to the team that displays the most innovative new or modified manufacturing method. Projects could include introducing a new technique for manufacturing, an innovative use of an existing technique, or new techniques that significantly reduce the cost of manufacturing and improve the quality of the product.

Edmund Optics Award for Perseverance and Recovery

($750)

Issues and roadblocks always occur during the engineering design process. Although they cause panic and distress, they also represent great opportunities to learn and often lead to designs that would otherwise be impossible to conceive. This award recognizes a team’s ability to learn and to overcome issues or roadblocks encountered during the design process. The award is judged based on the ingenuity of solutions to problems caused by issues or roadblocks and the features in the final design that contribute to recovery from them.

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AWARDS

Engineering Design Day 2015

W.L. Gore and Associates Award for Most Creative Solution

($750)

This award honors the student team that has implemented a unique and creative solution within its project. It recognizes outside-the-box thinking that pushes boundaries and handson approaches to creative solutions. Projects are judged on the elegance and creativity of the technical solutions and their implementation. Teams should be able to communicate effectively their design and the processes they use for creativity.

Phoenix Analysis & Design Technologies (PADT) Award for Best Use of Prototyping

($750)

This award goes to the team that best uses a physical prototype model to understand and study the fit, form and function of the device or system designed. Teams are judged on the appropriateness of the prototyping technology used, how effectively prototyping is used to improve design, and how effectively the use of prototyping is communicated. Prototypes can be made using rapid fabrication technology, traditional manufacturing, or can be hand built.

Raytheon Award for Best Engineering Analysis

($750)

This award recognizes the team with the strongest strategy, implementation and documentation of analyses supporting its design. Analyses vary from project to project, but may include market research and analysis, analysis of prior solutions to the design problem posed, trade studies that justify the final design selected from alternatives considered, system modeling to demonstrate that the final design is sound and should perform as desired, analysis of potential reasons for failure and a mitigation plan, and economic or other analysis of the benefits of the final design (continued on next page)

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AWARDS

Engineering Design Day 2015 in its intended application. Criteria for judging include the completeness of the project analysis based on the above categories, thoroughness of the analyses, application of sound engineering principles and practice, a demonstrated understanding by team members of any tools or models used, reasonableness of all assumptions, and the quality of the documentation of the analyses.

Sargent Aerospace & Defense Voltaire Design Award

($750)

The French philosopher Voltaire is credited with the saying “Le mieux est l’ennemi du bien,” which means “the best is the enemy of the good.” Similarly, Leonardo da Vinci is credited with the saying “Simplicity is the ultimate sophistication.” This award recognizes the design team that best emulates these ideals and resists the temptation to overly complicate the design to yield a clean, simple, elegant, lowest-cost design that simply works well.

Technical Documentation Consultants of Arizona Award for Best Design Documentation

($750)

Successful implementation of any innovative design requires that all members of the design and production team communicate effectively. Design intent must be communicated from the design activity to the rest of the team using design documentation with a clear map for others to reproduce the design based on documentation only. The mechanical portion of the design is evaluated on the use of drawings with geometric dimensioning and tolerancing, solids models, illustrations and presentations that can be used to manufacture and inspect design hardware.

Software and other systems are evaluated on the use of documentation that clearly and fully describes the system.

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AWARDS

Engineering Design Day 2015

TRAX International Award for Best Implementation of Agile Methodology

($750)

The design project is executed using a flexible and incremental approach. Final project outcome is achieved through several test and evaluation iterations in collaboration with the customer. The project team should continuously review and assess results, and quickly adapt to any changes or problems encountered.

Arizona Center for Innovation Award for Most Marketable Design

($500)

This award is for the engineering design that meets a pressing customer need with a product that is ready for market. The winning team will demonstrate how it translated the customer’s problem into a simple and elegant – and marketable – solution.

Dataforth Corporation Award for Best Design Using a Data Acquisition and Control System

($500)

This award recognizes the design team that best implements a modern data acquisition and control system. Recognition is given for the use of the system to collect data that characterizes project performance and assists in project optimization and, ideally, uses the same data acquisition system to perform feedback and control operations.

Honeywell Award for Team Leadership

(two individuals at $250 each)

This award recognizes students who best exemplify teamwork skills, including the ability to work cooperatively with others to produce high-quality work, to take the initiative, to support and (continued on next page)

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AWARDS

Engineering Design Day 2015 respect the opinions of fellow team members, to give and receive feedback, to demonstrate effective leadership, to keep their team focused, and to elevate the work of their fellow team members. Nominees for this award are selected by their teammates.

II-VI Optical Systems Award for Best Use of Optical Design and Technology

($500)

This award is given to the team that demonstrates the most thorough approach to the design and engineering of its optical system. This award recognizes complete understandings of the optical design, system requirements, tolerance analysis, and optical component usage. Important criteria are integration of optics into the overall system, novel use of optical components, creative use of commercial off-the-shelf items, verification of optical components, meeting system requirements, use of standard optical design software, and manufacturability of optical design and components.

Latitude Engineering Award for Best Physical Implementation of Analytically Driven Design

($500)

Some engineering problems are straightforward: Optimal solutions are found through the application of engineering best practices. Sometimes, however, the best design choices are not obvious, and only reveal themselves after a thorough analysis of the underlying physical principles. This award recognizes a design that could only have been arrived at after careful study and creative application of physics.

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AWARDS

Engineering Design Day 2015

Prototron Circuits Award for Best Printed Circuit Design

($500)

This award recognizes the team that has designed or used the most elegant and efficient electronic circuits in its project. Priority is given to best PCB designs or applications. Originality and manufacturability of the design are key criteria in selecting the winning team. Any team that has used circuitry in its project is eligible for consideration. In the absence of any original designs, the originality of the use of off-the-shelf products and the manufacturability of the overall design are used as selection criteria.

Universal Avionics Award for Best Integration and Test Philosophy

($500)

Many products consist of multiple subsystems that need to be integrated and tested as an end product. Designers have to consider the architecture philosophy early in the design, and consider ease of integration, interface protocols, grounding, harnessing, and so on. The test philosophy at the subsystem and system levels also needs to be architected early. This award recognizes the team that best embraces an integration and test philosophy in the design of its product.

UA Center on Aging: Arizona Center on Gerimetrics Award

($500)

This award recognizes the engineering team that best promotes the independence and quality of life of older adults through innovative yet practical bioengineering tools. The award is judged by the successful completion of the bioengineering application, and the relevance of the approach.

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AWARDS

Engineering Design Day 2015

Honeywell Award for Excellence in Aerospace Electronic System Design

($400)

This award recognizes excellence in overall system design in a project that has an aerospace emphasis. Verbal presentations should be well structured to describe effectively the overall system and the specifics of how the team implemented its design project. A key feature of the presentation must be representative data that demonstrate how the system was thoroughly tested. Answers to questions should be direct and demonstrate a high level of team competency about the details of the electronic system for the project. The presentation should be shared among all members, displaying core values of teamwork and gracious professionalism.

Kristy Pearson Fish Out of Water Award

(1st prize $250; 2nd prize $150)

The Fish Out of Water award congratulates students for successfully accomplishing a task that was not in their realm of expertise. The projects for senior design require skills from many disciplines, and students must sometimes learn a new subject or skill in an area outside of their major to help the team succeed. A student who not only learns this new subject or skill, but also uses it to effectively help the team thrive, shows dedication and initiative, traits that will continue to help in an engineering career.

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SILENT CROSSBOW

Interdisciplinary Engineering Design Program TEAM 1401 PROJECT SUMMARY

Class ENGR 498A/B

Sponsor Precision Shooting Equipment

Sponsor Mentor/Advisor Aaron Abril

Project Mentor Gary Redford

Team Members Brent Carper Jan Melendez Brielle Munsch Luis Sanchez Bryant Shontz Lukas Sultan

(ME) (ME) (ME) (ME) (ME) (EM)

ME = Mechanical Engineering EM = Engineering Management

The Silent Crossbow project has two main objectives. For the first deliverable, the team was tasked with improving Precision Shooting Equipment’s (PSE’s) TAC Elite crossbow's noise levels caused by its firing and reloading mechanisms.

Through sound testing and analysis, the team determined that the reloading mechanism was the critical subsystem for noise reduction. While the reloading cycle did not produce the greatest sound level reading, it produced it over a greater period of time when compared to the short impulse noise of firing the crossbow. To solve this problem the team modified the TAC Elite barrel to provide room for a neoprene insert to dampen the sound when the release lever hits the side. This design meets noise-reduction goals and all technical and nontechnical requirements. The second objective of the project, equally as important as the first, was to create a standardized method for testing crossbow performance and sound in order to determine the bolt speed and sound generated by a crossbow. This standardized method has been thoroughly documented so that it can be implemented for PSE’s future use. The team tested all of PSE's production crossbows, as well as the leading competitor's crossbows.

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COMPOUND BOW ASSEMBLY PROCESS COST REDUCTION

Interdisciplinary Engineering Design Program

TEAM 1402 PROJECT SUMMARY

Class ENGR 498A/B

Sponsor Precision Shooting Equipment

Sponsor Mentor/Advisor Aaron Abril Daniel Dittmar

Project Mentor Gregory Ogden

Team Members Clark Pederson Ryan Saunders Chris Carry Robert McLean Bryan Krause Michael Miramontez

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(ME) (IE) (EE) (ME) (SE) (SE)

ME = Mechanical Engineering IE = Industrial Engineering EE = Electrical Engineering SE = Systems Engineering

Precision Shooting Equipment (PSE) is the largest privately owned archery equipment manufacturing company in the United States. All compound bows built by PSE are assembled by hand at its facility in Tucson, Arizona. To meet weekly quotas, dozens of employees are required to work overtime, which elevates manufacturing costs. The main objective of this project is to increase the number of bows produced per week without increasing the number of employees on the assembly line. The scope of the project is limited to assembly line operations. Time studies were conducted to track the cycle times for each operation along the assembly line and the total time the bow spends in the entire system. Lean principles were used to evaluate sources of waste and opportunities for improvement. A target for the number of bows manufactured per day was set to establish a task time for the assembly line operations. Line balancing was used to ensure all operational times were balanced along the assembly line and under the calculated task time to meet production demands. The large batch sizes have been reduced to promote single-piece flow and prevent buildup of inventory.

Movement of the bow and resources, such as people, were tracked, resulting in an improved layout design and conveyor belt system. A conveyor belt was constructed to automate the existing conveyor belt at minimal cost, improving efficiency of the entire system.

MAINSTREAM-DISK CAVITY FLOW OVERLAP RESISTANCE FACTOR UNDER PULSATING MAINSTREAM Interdisciplinary Engineering Design Program Class ENGR 498A/B

TEAM 1403 PROJECT SUMMARY

The objective of this project is to experimentally derive the optimal axialHoneywell Engines radial overlap frictional resistance factor within a rotor-stator turbine disk cavity Sponsor Mentor/Advisor under a pulsating mainstream. The geometric Alexander MirzaMoghadam overlap resistance and the vane-blade system Jacob Harding influences the amount of gas diverted into Project Mentor a rotor-stator cavity from the mainstream Jyoti Mukherjee flow in a turbine engine. The performance of these engines is limited by thermally Team Members sensitive components within this cavity. In Liliana Saldana (ME) order to maintain safe operating temperatures, unheated flow from the compressor is diverted Hong Zhang (ME) into the cavity. However, this reduces the available work to the turbine, which reduces the Daniel Weiss (SE) overall efficiency of the engine. An optimal resistance factor will allow for the least amount of Christopher McIntyre (CE) unheated flow from the compressor while maintaining the rotor-stator cavity at a safe operating Mohammad Alhasan (MSE) temperature. This leads to a higher overall efficiency of the turbine engine. The project aims to achieve this objective by providing data on the cavity ingestion flow rate versus axial-to-radial ME = Mechanical Engineering platform overlap ratios. The geometry of the designed test apparatus, the vane-blade system SE = Systems Engineering and the rotational speed simulate the rotor-stator cavity of a real turbine engine. Test variables CE = Computer Engineering include various radial and axial gaps, purge flow rates, rotational speeds, thermal conditions and MSE = Materials Science & Engineering angle adjustable vanes. The system measures temperatures, pressures and mass flow rates at critical locations in order to determine the optimal axial-radial overlap resistance factor.

Sponsor

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BUILDING A SMARTER GRID

Interdisciplinary Engineering Design Program TEAM 1404 PROJECT SUMMARY

Class ENGR 498A/B

Sponsor Tucson Electric Power

Sponsor Mentor/Advisor Chris Lynn

Project Mentor Doug May

Team Members Jacob Chess Peter Lankisch Viviana Llano Daniel McLeod Alex Moser Eric Sahr

(ME) (CE) (OSE) (EE) (EE) (SE)

ME = Mechanical Engineering CE = Computer Engineering OSE = Optical Sciences & Engineering EE = Electrical Engineering

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Tucson Electric Power (TEP), like all power utilities, must regularly inspect the electric grid for abnormalities due to ordinary wear and tear, weather, and other root causes.

Currently, TEP's power lines are inspected by qualified workers. These operations are expensive, sometimes requiring the use of helicopters and specially trained pilots. A prototype unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) was designed, built and tested to demonstrate to TEP the feasibility and usefulness of autonomous power line inspection. Commercial off-theshelf components and custom image-processing software were incorporated into the design.

Overall, the UAV is designed to inspect up to 17 miles of power lines in one hour during a single flight. During the flight, onboard sensors (such as an infrared camera and magnetic field sensors) check the power line for anomalies. After the flight, this information is downloaded by the operator onto a computer. The image-processing software then examines the data from the flight, identifies potential abnormalities on the power line, and flags this data for further review.

Photo courtesy of TEP/David Sanders

DESIGN AND DEMONSTRATION OF A HEAD-UP DISPLAY

Interdisciplinary Engineering Design Program

Class ENGR 498A/B

TEAM 1405 PROJECT SUMMARY

A head-up display (HUD) is an augmented reality that displays Honeywell Aerospace pertinent real-time information to an aircraft pilot. The goal of Sponsor Mentor/Advisor this project is to redesign and Kalluri Sarma build a HUD with improved Project Mentor optical performance while Mike Nofziger decreasing weight, size, cost, and heat emission. The design Team Members uses a digital light projector as Adam Blumer (OSE) the image source, producing an Erick Leon (SE) intermediate image a throw distance away. This image is projected onto a spatial light diffuser Matthew Hart (ME) so that it can be fully relayed by collimating optics located a focal length away. The collimated Michael Green (SE) image then travels into a waveguide (plane parallel plate) and hits the rear surface, where a Nick Paco (EE) reflective hologram is placed. The waveguide diffracts the light so that the angle of reflection Stephania Vasilieva (SE) is greater than the critical angle and allows the image to travel down the waveguide through total internal reflection. The image is then extracted from the waveguide by a second reflective OSE = Optical Sciences & Engineering hologram on the opposing side, allowing the image to remain collimated at infinity so the pilot SE = Systems Engineering may view it with a relaxed eye. This prevents accommodation and, consequently, eye fatigue.

ME = Mechanical Engineering The team's design is a step forward in the commercial development of a compact head-up EE = Electrical Engineering display using holographic waveguide technology to further improve safety in low visibility or degraded weather conditions during aircraft take-offs and landings.

Sponsor

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EXERGY EFFICIENCY OF HIGH-PERFORMING OFFICE BUILDINGS

Interdisciplinary Engineering Design Program

TEAM 1406 PROJECT SUMMARY

Class ENGR 498A/B

Sponsor Lincus Inc.

Sponsor Mentor/Advisor Jorj Nofal Yeshpal Gupta

Project Mentor Gerald Pine

Team Members Victor Lopez-Hilburn Xinyi Xu Mirna Vega Yisun Se Zachary Tucker

(IE) (IE) (ME) (ME) (ME)

IE = Industrial Engineering ME = Mechanical Engineering

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The goal of this project is to the create and test a tool capable of analyzing exergy considerations in building design. Exergy is the measure of the ability of a system to do work. Energy usage in commercial and residential buildings accounts for about half of all energy use worldwide. Seventy percent of the total energy consumed is electricity, which is 100 percent exergy. Standard analysis tools do not consider the source of the energy used. In order to measure the sustainability of building design, Lincus needed a tool that calculated the first law (energy) usage and second law (exergy) requirements. Using energy in a way that minimizes exergy destruction has sustainability implications. Lincus wants to influence energy policymakers to use an exergy approach rather than a conventional energy analysis. The tool was built in Microsoft Excel using English units and an hour-by-hour analysis of a hypothetical one-story, 50,000-square-foot office building in Phoenix. With the working tool, the team undertook a design of experiments to see if exergy considerations lead designers to make nontrivial changes to building design. The exergy tool is unique in the U.S. and will be the baseline model for Lincus and future second law analysis projects to come.

WILDLIFE TRACKING AND GEOLOCATION SYSTEM

Interdisciplinary Engineering Design Program

TEAM 1407 PROJECT SUMMARY

Class

ENGR 498A/B

Sponsor UA Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering

Sponsor Mentor/Advisor Michael Marcellin Kathleen Melde

Project Mentor Ivar Sanders

Team Members Kayla Niu James Ringle Asif Shahidullah Michaelina Sorrell Andrea Vilarasau Luke Zurmehly

(CE) (EE) (EE) (EE) (IE) (ME)

CE = Computer Engineering EE = Electrical Engineering IE = Industrial Engineering ME = Mechanical Engineering

The ultimate goal of this multiyear project is to research, develop and design a small-mammal tracker prototype. This design is particular to a specific mammal, the golden lion tamarin. These monkeys were on the verge of extinction in their native habitat, the lowland Serra do Mar coastal forests of Brazil. They are currently classified as an endangered species by the International Union for Conservation of Nature. The wild population is now managed by the Save The Golden Lion Tamarin organization. This project's main challenge is to design a low-cost tracking system suitable for these 10-inch, 1.5-pound monkeys that also accommodates the operational limitations of their native environment, such as power constraints, packaging considerations, and poor GPS availability. The proposed design is a proof-of-concept that is capable of tracking multiple collars in a fixed geographic location over an extended period of time using a method that moves complexity from the collars to fixed receiver stations. To gauge the location of the collars, the design employs a rolling power loss model that relates signal power with distance.

Trilateration is then used to determine the relative location of the emitted signal using the geometry of circles. The implementation of this design will minimize human interaction with the tamarins and yield tracking data that is more representative of their way of life. It is hoped that a better understanding of their behavior and migration patterns will benefit breeding and reintroduction programs and contribute to an increased population.

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VARIABLE-PITCH PROPELLER FOR UAVs

Interdisciplinary Engineering Design Program

TEAM 1408 PROJECT SUMMARY

Class ENGR 498A/B

Sponsor Northrop Grumman

Sponsor Mentor/Advisor Daniel Schoon

Project Mentor Doug May

Team Members Kym Beeston Grant Province Zane Sheets Zach Spaulding Chris Van Cleave Jeff Williams

(EE) (SE) (CE) (ME) (ME) (ME)

EE = Electrical Engineering SE = Systems Engineering CE = Computer Engineering ME = Mechanical Engineering

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Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) are remotely operated aircraft often used in high-risk environments where efficiency is key. Current UAVs are built with inefficient fixed-pitch propeller systems that are optimized for a specific mode of flight: cruise or takeoff.

Larger propeller-driven aircraft use variable-pitch propeller systems that allow for maximum efficiency for all modes of flight.

This is accomplished by integrating the propeller system with the aircraft. Northrop Grumman needs a modular variable-pitch propeller system that is self-contained and can be attached to any of several UAVs without modification. This project uses centrifugal forces exerted on a mechanical mechanism to cause a change in pitch of the propeller blades. Depending on the engine speed, the centrifugal force causes the mechanical mechanism to alter its position, dictating the pitch of the propeller blade. The mechanical mechanism is made up of two weights mounted symmetrically around the axis of rotation. Increased centrifugal force caused by higher engine speed moves the weights outward. This linear motion acting outward from the axis of rotation is then translated to the pitch-changing motion of the propeller blades through a linear actuator. The completion of this project will result in a fully functioning variable-pitch propeller hub assembly that is completely modular and ready to be mounted on a UAV with a standard threaded shaft.

CLASSROOM NEPHELOMETER TO TEACH ENGINEERING FOR SUSTAINABILITY Interdisciplinary Engineering Design Program Class ENGR 498A/B

TEAM 1409 PROJECT SUMMARY

A nephelometer is an instrument for measuring concentration National Science Foundation of suspended particulates in a gas sample. A nephelometer Sponsor Mentor/Advisor measures suspended particulates Meredith Kupinski using a light beam (source Project Mentor beam) and a light detector set to Mike Nofziger one side of the source beam. Particle density is a function of the light reflected into the detector from the particles. To some extent, how much light reflects for a given density of particles is Team Members dependent upon properties of the particles, such as their shape, color and reflectivity. The goal Dalia Abdulkareem (EE) of the NSF-supported classroom nephelometer is for high school students and teachers to have Christopher Housman (EE) a realistic scientific experience: making optical scattering measurements, interpreting numerical Ariel Schwartz (ME) data, and designing air-quality experiments to teach sustainability. The basic nephelometer Courtney Solleveld (OSE) system consists of light source, detector, light-control servo, thermal sensor, temperature Ryota Kimura (OSE) controller, and user interface. The light source, such as an LED or laser diode, emits light into Kyle Larson (EE) the chamber. In the chamber, light is scattered by the gas sample and the detector measures the intensity of the scattered light. Because the detector measures low energy, it should be well EE = Electrical Engineering stabilized. The thermal sensor and the temperature controller create stable conditions for the ME = Mechanical Engineering detector. The light-control servo changes measurement conditions such as measurement angle.

OSE = Optical Sciences & Engineering Data is acquired and processed in the CPU and displayed on a user interface. Some measurement parameters are controlled via the user interface. The high school students’ assignment will be to analyze the nephelometer measurements and assemble a report of their findings.

Sponsor

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MOBILE WATCHTOWER FOR VOLCANO REMOTE SENSING

Interdisciplinary Engineering Design Program

TEAM 1410 PROJECT SUMMARY

Class ENGR 498A/B

Sponsor UA Department of Planetary Sciences, Lunar & Planetary Laboratory

Sponsor Mentor/Advisor Christopher Hamilton

Project Mentor David Gilblom

Team Members Chirag Agarwal Kenneth Barnett Eugene Balaguer Walker Bowman Lejla Prijic Jason Yob

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(EE) (SE) (EE) (ME) (CE) (EE)

EE = Electrical Engineering SE = Systems Engineering ME = Mechanical Engineering CE = Computer Engineering

The objective of this project is to design, build and test a mobile watchtower for volcano remote sensing. The design consists of assembling a UAV that will be tethered to a ground power source (generator) and data-transfer system. Using the Hexacopter from Vulcan, a power-system design was developed that allows continuous flight and image acquisition for the duration of a flight. The UAV needs approximately 4,000 watts of power for a 24-hour flight, so a 4,000-watt generator is used to supply AC voltage to a step-up/step-down circuit. Once the voltage is transformed to 25V, it is sent to a power-distribution board that distributes power to the gigabit switch, electronic speed controllers, and motors. The UAV has two cameras: a FLIR A65 for infrared images and a CMOS wide-view camera with autoexposure.

These cameras are powered via Ethernet through the gigabit switch. Images are transferred through the Ethernet cables to the gigabit switch and on to a 7 TB server via fiber-optic cable.

This design will enable volcanologists to gather more information about eruptions and to better predict volcanic behavior during eruptions.

BOEING TEAMMATE AWARENESS DEVICE

Interdisciplinary Engineering Design Program

TEAM 1411 PROJECT SUMMARY

Class

ENGR 498A/B

Sponsor Boeing Mesa Helicopter Company

Sponsor Mentor/Advisor Nathan Adams Jim Kuchan Danielle Craig

Project Mentor Gary Redford

Team Members Amanda Coldren Vincent Cordasco Anthony Giang David Schwartz Xue Meng Matthew Ware

(BME) (ME) (CE) (CE) (SE) (EE)

BME = Biomedical Engineering ME = Mechanical Engineering CE = Computer Engineering SE = Systems Engineering EE = Electrical Engineering

The purpose of this project is to design, fabricate and demonstrate an affordable, dependable and easy-to-use device to alert team members to the locations of their teammates. This device can be used to prevent injuries and improve situational awareness. Military systems with this capability are not readily availible on the commercial market, but this project aims to make such systems available to militaries, police forces, and the public.

To meet these requirements, a device was designed with a smartphone-based interface that shows users the locations of all their teammates. In order to work without cellular networks, the backpack device uses a radio frequency system to broadcast and receive locations of others using the system. For ease of use, the team integrated a universal mounting system for both the phone and the backpack system.

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AUTONOMOUS MAPPING

Interdisciplinary Engineering Design Program

Class

ENGR 498A/B

The goal of this project is to develop an unmanned autonomous aircraft that can map UA Department of Electrical desert areas as part of a campaign to protect and Computer Engineering native ecosystems. Buffelgrass is an invasive International Foundation species that threatens native wildlife in the for Telemetering Tucson, Arizona, area. The Southern Arizona Sponsor Mentor/Advisor Buffelgrass Coordination Center is a community Michael Marcellin organization that works to remove the plant.

Its current removal methods are expensive and Project Mentor physically demanding. This project makes it Ivar Sanders easy for a nonspecialist to input a GPS region for the quadcopter UAV to map autonomously.

Team Members The user can then take the quadcopter to the search location, establish the ground station, Jeremy Hibbs (EE) and launch the mission. From the ground station laptop, the user can initiate the mission Travis Kibler (SE) by communicating with the autopilot. The quadcopter will then search the selected region Jesse Odle (OSE) autonomously using the GPS waypoints. During the mission, a single-board computer will Rachel Powers (EE) trigger a down-facing camera, which will capture the landscape below. These images will be Thomas Schucker (CE) stored on a secure digital card in the computer. In the event of a problem or error in flight, Alex Warren (CE) the user can take control of the platform using a safety controller. If the UAV encounters any unplanned physical obstacles during the mission, it will reroute in an attempt to avoid a EE = Electrical Engineering collision and continue the mission. Otherwise, it will fulfill the assigned tasks and land back at SE = Systems Engineering the starting point. The photos will be uploaded and stitched into a large mosaic and displayed OSE = Optical Sciences & Engineering to the user. This mosaic will then be used in an attempt to identify buffelgrass.

CE = Computer Engineering

Sponsor

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TEAM 1412 PROJECT SUMMARY

SOFTWARE FOR 3-D IMAGING

Interdisciplinary Engineering Design Program TEAM 1413 PROJECT SUMMARY

Class ENGR 498A/B

Sponsor Raytheon

Sponsor Mentor/Advisor Eric Fest

Project Mentor Gary Redford

Team Members Andrew Byron Ben Lacy Eric Nusbaum Norman Miller Zachary Montoya EE = Electrical Engineering CE = Computer Engineering SE = Systems Engineering

(EE) (CE) (SE) (CE) (CE)

Polarimetry is a passive process that takes advantage of the polarization of light, which is a naturally occurring phenomenon. Data collected through polarimetry can be converted into 3-D images via surface reconstruction algorithms, such as the Frankot-Chellappa algorithm (FCA). Raytheon is interested in developing and using software for creating 3-D images using polarimetry due to its potential for the consumer marketplace and its numerous advantages over other 3-D imaging methods. The team was given the task of converting FCA to the C++ programming language and incorporating it in a software program.

The team's software program reads needle map data contained in a text file that has been created from polarimetry. A needle map is an array of pixels defined by their (x, y) position and a normal vector. The normal vector is orthogonal to the surface of the 3-D image at pixel’s (x, y) location. Once this data is organized for use by the FCA, it is processed by the algorithm to generate the position of the pixels’ z coordinates in 3-dimensional space. The z coordinates are paired with the x and y coordinates, and the completed surface array is rendered and displayed in three dimensions through the use of the OpenGL libraries. For ease of use, the software will provide the user with a graphical user interface and the ability to adjust the data that defines the normal vector if the image appears to have been rendered incorrectly.

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ADVANCED FARRIER SYSTEM

Interdisciplinary Engineering Design Program

Class ENGR 498A/B

Many logistical challenges are involved in large-animal Brethren Systems healthcare, from transportation and finite availability of experts Sponsor Mentor/Advisor to a lack of empirical data to Quinn McIntosh diagnose and choose the best Project Mentor path for proper health care. The David Gilblom goal of the Advanced Farrier System (AFS) is to bridge this Team Members gap in healthcare for horses.

Lindsay Bahureksa (BME) Hoof health plays a major role Lindsey Conklin (BME) in overall equine health. By Matt Ellison (SE) analyzing sensor data, the AFS will identify possible medical issues for individualized hoof Jacob Landsiedel (OSE) care, and provide dimensional guidelines for horseshoeing, depending on the horse’s specific Quinn McIntosh (ME) needs. After this analysis, the AFS will provide a user-level healthcare summary based on hoof Jovan Vance (CE) pressure, dimensions, and visual and behavioral cues. The AFS will also enable users to identify and track changes in hoof health over time. AFS will not replace regularly scheduled health BME = Biomedical Engineering care appointments, but will augment current treatments and provide valuable information SE = Systems Engineering to horse owners and health care professionals. The system has the potential to detect health OSE = Optical Sciences & Engineering problems before the horse shows any visual or behavioral changes, which will allow early ME = Mechanical Engineering detection and treatment, making the AFS a critical tool for preventative care and treatment of CE = Computer Engineering disease and lameness.

Sponsor

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TEAM 1414 PROJECT SUMMARY

ROBOTIC ORDNANCE NEUTRALIZER (RON)

Interdisciplinary Engineering Design Program

TEAM 1415 PROJECT SUMMARY

Class ENGR 498A/B

Sponsor Raytheon Missile Systems

Sponsor Mentor/Advisor Scott Thomas Richard Beaman Carlos Garcia

Project Mentor Doug May

Team Members Elisa Duarte Jeremy Gin Cassie Kammerman Mark Roche Greg Stanford Jaime Lara Martinez

(IE) (EE) (ME) (CE) (ME) (EE)

IE = Industrial Engineering EE = Electrical Engineering ME = Mechanical Engineering CE = Computer Engineering

When clearing buildings in urban environments, military personnel often come across pressure-sensitive improvised explosive devices (IEDs) known as "toe poppers." These antipersonnel mines are small and hard to find. The goal of this project is to design and build an unmanned ground vehicle system that creates a safe path by which military personnel can traverse an urban environment and trigger in advance any hidden "toe popper" IEDs. The team had to design and integrate three subsystems: controls, drive and neutralization. The controls subsystem allows the user to remotely control the speed, steering and neutralization mechanism of the robotic ordnance neutralizer, or RON, from a safe minimum distance of 15 feet. The drive subsystem consists of the motors and wheels that allow RON to traverse urban terrain at varying speeds. The neutralization subsystem consists of the mechanisms used to apply a minimum of 5 PSI to the ground to trigger and neutralize "toe popper" IEDs. To cover the required path width, the team designed arm assemblies of spring steel rake teeth that extend from and retract into the vehicle body to neutralize paths of varying widths. The retraction of the rake arms also allows the vehicle to travel through a standard-width door. To consistently apply the minimum required pressure onto the ground, the vehicle redirects its weight onto the rake assembly with a lever arm. The overall goal of this project was to develop a solution that is smaller, more adaptable, and less expensive than existing ordnance neutralization systems.

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REMOTE IMAGING SYSTEM ACQUISITION (RISA) PROJECT

Interdisciplinary Engineering Design Program

Class ENGR 498A/B

The overall goal of this multiyear project is to research, develop, National Aeronautics and design, implement and test a Space Administration (NASA) handheld multipurpose imaging Johnson Space Center system for NASA. The system will be used on the exterior of space Sponsor Mentor/Advisor vehicles, in the crew cabin, and on S. Douglas Holland planetary or lunar surfaces. The Project Mentor final design must function untethered for 12 hours, receive commands and transmit images David Gilblom wirelessly, and record still images using an autofocus feature or with user-specified focus.

The camera must use a removable single liquid lens assembly and be able to record geometric Team Members measurements and images in multispectral regions. The system must also use components Luis Ballesteros (ME) that have commercially available radiation-hardened equivalents and the case must protect Nicole Sheesley (SE) the internal electronic components from electromagnetic interference and other hazards of the Braden Smith (OSE) space environment. The specfic goals of the 2015 RISA team include developing and executing Joseph Tang (OSE) a complete optical test plan to characterize the optical aberrations and optical parameters Yusuke Watanabe (MSE) that exist in the liquid lens assembly created by the 2014 RISA team and compare them to the theoretical ZEMAX model. The optical aberrations tested include spherical aberration, coma, ME = Mechanical Engineering astigmatism, distortion, field curvature, and chromatic aberration. The optical parameters SE = Systems Engineering tested include contrast transfer function, near focus, focal length, focal ratio, vignetting, and OSE = Optical Sciences & Engineering strehl ratio. In response to new project requirements, the team also redesigned the camera's MSE = Materials Science & Engineering mechanical housing to decrease the size and weight of the housing designed by the 2014 team.

Sponsor

34

TEAM 1416 PROJECT SUMMARY

AIRCRAFT SMART TABLE DEPLOYMENT MECHANISM

Interdisciplinary Engineering Design Program

TEAM 1418 PROJECT SUMMARY

Class ENGR 498A/B

Sponsor B/E Aerospace

Sponsor Mentor/Advisor John Kuyper Ian Frost

Project Mentor Gerald Pine

Team Members Hassan Alhashimi Weston Keller Haibo Shen Vincent Van Ness Tai Xu Charles Young

(IE) (ME) (EE) (ME) (EE) (EM)

IE = Industrial Engineering ME = Mechanical Engineering EE = Electrical Engineering EM = Engineering Management

The objective of this project was to redesign and modify a deployable table for luxury airplane cabins. When not in use, the table must fit in a compact storage envelope using the same mounting points as the previous design. Reuse of some of the previous design concepts was permitted as long as the new requirements were met and problems with the previous design were fixed.

One desired requirement was to include the ability to provide table position feedback to flight attendants, enabling them to easily look at a display monitor to see the status of all cabin tables without having to walk around the airplane to check before takeoff and landing.

Another modification to the original design was to have the table deploy in the center of the envelope and allow table to move toward and away from the seated passenger. Previously, the deployed position only allowed the table to slide away from the passenger. One design challenge was to eliminate "racking," unwanted motion during table deployment and sliding.

Racking was fixed by adding high-precision linear rails on the sides and back of the envelope for table deployment and sliding. The chosen design with precision linear rails also provides B/E Aerospace the ability to scale the design for different applications with many sizes of tables and envelopes.

35

SUPER FIRST-CLASS MINI SINK

Interdisciplinary Engineering Design Program

Class ENGR 498A/B

Sponsor B/E Aerospace

Sponsor Mentor/Advisor Joe Warren

Project Mentor Gerald Pine

Team Members Abdulaziz Alameeri (ME) Carlos Gonzalez (ME) Jose Gonzalez (EM) William Minch (EE) Vincent Jiang (CE) Nicholas Valverde (ME/Math)

36

ME = Mechanical Engineering EM = Engineering Management EE = Electrical Engineering CE = Computer Engineering Math = Mathematics

TEAM 1419 PROJECT SUMMARY Comfort and a high-quality personal experience in regards to amenities are critical when considering first class seating solutions in an aircraft. In current first class seating arrangements, users must make use of a communal bathroom to take care of their personal hygienic needs. The main goal of this project was to design and build a miniature sink and faucet that are stowable within the passenger's super first class seating space. This sink must be small, because space in a first class cabin is limited, while providing a comfortable and inviting user experience. Furthermore, the device must have bottled water as its source. As a secondary objective, the system must have elegant logistical support, limiting the downtime of the plane and making servicing very simple. All of these elements need to be melded into a simple and visually appealing system that matches a similar style found in the luxurious interiors provided in B/E Aerospace's Super First Class VIP interior environments.

ELECTROMECHANICAL SHAFT DISCONNECT FOR GENERATORS

Interdisciplinary Engineering Design Program

Class ENGR 498A/B

TEAM 1420 PROJECT SUMMARY

The goal of this project was to review, improve, and Honeywell analyze the electromechanical shaft disconnect for an Sponsor Mentor/Advisor aircraft generator. The Reed Guthrie electromechanical disconnect Jens Gehrke device is used to disconnect Balwinder Birdi the generator shaft from Project Mentor the engine shaft in response Jyoti Mukherjee to an abnormality in the generator. The design allows Team Members the engine to continue Jose Luttmann (ME) providing power to the aircraft Isaiah Bruno (ME) without further damaging the generator and gearbox. After analyzing last year’s design, it Michel Mora (ME) was concluded that it would not meet certain requirements, such as being able to operate Ivy Hasman (MSE) at the maximum required 28,000 rpm, and it contained no mechanism to keep the shaft engaged or disengaged. Proper modifications were made to the design to meet the functional ME = Mechanical Engineering requirements. Mechanical stress analysis was used in the redesign process, which vastly MSE = Materials Science & Engineering improved the load and speed capabilities of the shaft to function as required. Test fixtures were designed and manufactured to demonstrate the capabilities of the design. The improved design went through a series of static and dynamic tests to prove that it met all requirements.

Sponsor

37

COMPOSITE AUTOTRANSFORMER THERMAL IMPROVEMENT

Interdisciplinary Engineering Design Program

Class ENGR 498A/B

The goal of this project is to evaluate and improve the Honeywell Aerospace thermal performance of a composite power converter for Sponsor Mentor/Advisor commercial aircraft use. The Keming Chen composite converter consists of a Jens Gehrke rectifier and an autotransformer Project Mentor that converts alternating current Jyoti Mukherjee to direct current and decreases voltage from the generator on Team Members the aircraft to power smaller electronic devices. The current Honeywell autotransformer design Ji Ma (EE) overheats beyond safety standards before reaching a steady state temperature. The maximum Michael McCabe (ME) operational temperature is 200 degrees Celsius. The specific objective of this project is to John McKearney (ME) design a heat-rejection method to reduce the steady state temperature to under 200 degrees Zachary Prince (ME) Celsius while minimizing weight increase. The redesign improves performance by creating Erik Wise (MSE) a larger area on an existing component for heat flow while minimizing added weight. The increased area takes into account geometries as well as contact pressure and smoothness to EE = Electrical Engineering optimize the heat dissipated. A full 3x3 factorial experiment was conducted to validate results ME = Mechanical Engineering produced by finite element simulation, indicating improved thermal performance with the MSE = Materials Science & Engineering modification. Temperature data during operation of the autotransformer, as well as system weight data, were used to develop a normalized thermal performance score for all tested cases. The optimal configuration was selected and recommended for use.

Sponsor

38

TEAM 1421 PROJECT SUMMARY

REMOTE WATER SURFACE AND VELOCITY MEASUREMENT

Interdisciplinary Engineering Design Program

TEAM 1422 PROJECT SUMMARY

Class ENGR 498A/B

Sponsor USDA, Agricultural Research Service, Southwest Watershed Research Center

Sponsor Mentor/Advisor Mary Nichols

Project Mentor Michael Nofziger

Team Members Kjel Gudvangen Frank Holler Youra Jun Jason Leuer Connor Shea Craig Thompson

(ME) (EE) (ME) (ME) (IE) (ME)

ME = Mechanical Engineering EE = Electrical Engineering IE = Industrial Engineering

The goal of the project is to design and build a camerabased system for remotely measuring water depth and velocity to be deployed on Flume 6 of the Walnut Gulch Experimental Watershed.

Currently, water level during flows is measured using a potentiometer attached to a float in a stilling well that is hydraulically connected to the floor of the flume. Although the measurement is automated, heavy sediment loads clog the intake channels requiring labor-intensive maintenance after every flow. The team designed a remote measurement system consisting of a trigger to initiate data collection, a ruggedized housing to protect against gunfire and extreme weather conditions, a power system consisting of a solar panel connected to a 12-volt car battery, a remote depth-measurement system using Fluke 414D laser rangefinders, and a data collection, logging and storage system controlled by a Raspberry Pi computer.

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HYPERSONIC WING DEPLOYMENT

Interdisciplinary Engineering Design Program

Class ENGR 498A/B

The goal of this project was to design, build and test a Raytheon Missile Systems mechanism that deploys the wings of a hypersonic glide Sponsor Mentor/Advisor vehicle (HGV) from a stored Randall Firor position to a fully deployed Steve Larimore position. This mechanism will Project Mentor be used in tandem with a Doug May conventional booster rocket to propel the HGV into the Team Members air and then to hypersonic Jake Greivenkamp (ME) speeds. This system serves as Mackenzie Maddock (ME) a proof of concept that a hypersonic vehicle can be stored with undeployed wings in a launch Michael McCormick (IE) vehicle and have the wings deploy during flight, allowing the vehicle to glide to its destination.

Christopher Tursi (MSE) This improves both range and accuracy of the vehicle while allowing it to be launched from Forrest Wicke (IE) the current standard platforms. The final design must be deployable at any altitude as well Anthony Wurtz (EM) as deploy in two seconds or less, lock into place, and tighten the wing to the body within the allowed tolerances. After the mechanism locks, it must be able to withstand all weather ME = Mechanical Engineering conditions and the extreme heat and pressure experienced during hypersonic flight. The IE = Industrial Engineering mechanism must also have a feature that notifies the user if the deployment was a success or MSE = Materials Science & Engineering failure. There is no external power source involved in this system, so the mechanism must run EM = Engineering Management off the HGV's onbord power supply.

Sponsor

40

TEAM 1423 PROJECT SUMMARY

THE FIREBIRD UAV

Interdisciplinary Engineering Design Program

Class ENGR 498A/B

Sponsor Honeywell Aerospace & Advanced Technology

Sponsor Mentor/Advisor John Ihlein & John Linert

Project Mentor Jyoti Mukherjee

Team Members Elizabeth Greene (SE) Fabian De La PeĂąa Montero (CE) Zachary Petruska (CE) Kyle Smith (ME) Michael Bramer (ME) Claira Safi (EE) SE = Systems Engineering CE = Computer Engineering ME = Mechanical Engineering EE = Electrical Engineering

TEAM 1424 PROJECT SUMMARY The goal of this project is to improve upon a basic multi-purpose quadrotor unmanned aircraft designed last year with additional features added specifically for firefighter use. The "Firebird" Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) project is a continuation of a series of previous UAV projects initiated by Honeywell. The team has been working closely with Honeywell and Chief Joseph DeWolf of the Sonoita Fire Department to create a tool that will best complement and extend the capabilities of the fire crews’ information-gathering abilities while still being efficient, reliable, and durable enough to handle the same harsh conditions the firefighters must face. In particular, it will give the fire crew access to otherwise difficult to get visual perspectives and environmental measurements of conditions at the scene to ensure that the responders are well-informed about exactly what they are up against at all times, and do not expose themselves to unnecessary dangers. It is equipped with a motor-stabilized camera assembly incorporating a telephoto lens and an infrared temperature detector. This sensor suite is capable of measuring ambient temperature, pressure, and the concentrations of a large range of gases. Flight control of the vehicle is handled through a wireless setup consisting of a remote control with an integrated video display, and a laptop running customized ground station software. In addition to manual control, the on-board systems include a set of autonomous flight modes.

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OPTICAL FABRICATION OF LIGHT-WEIGHTED 3-D PRINTED MIRRORS Interdisciplinary Engineering Design Program Class ENGR 498A/B

This project aims to evaluate the feasibility of performing Lockheed Martin Advanced optical manufacturing Technology Center processes on 3-D printed metal substrates, and to determine Sponsor Mentor/Advisor if the benefits of the 3-D Joni Mici printing process outweigh David Stubbs the drawbacks. Direct metal Project Mentor laser sintering and electron Mike Nofziger beam melting 3-D printing technologies are being used at Team Members UA to create lightweight, optical grade mirrors out of AlSi10Mg aluminum and Ti6Al4V titanium Richard Bates (ME) alloys. The mirror prototypes are polished to meet the 位/20 RMS and 位/4 P-V visible optical Jacob Calis (ME) requirements. The objective of this project is use Altair Inspire software to design a mirror that Alyssa De La Torre (SE) is fully optimized for low mass and maximum stiffness. The mirror must endure the polishing Harrison Herzog (ME) process with the necessary stiffness to eliminate print-through. The challenge for the team is Jacob Segal (OSE) to reduce porosity within the 3-D printed mirror and determine the best polishing methods Jeremy Smith (ME) to meet the optical requirements. The prototypes will undergo hot isostatic press and heat treatment to improve density, eliminate porosity, and relieve stress. Metal 3-D printing allows ME = Mechanical Engineering for nearly unlimited constraints on design and eliminates the need for a machine shop when SE = Systems Engineering creating an optical mirror. This research can lead to an increase in mirror mounting support OSE = Optical Sciences & Engineering complexity in the manufacturing of lightweight mirrors and improve overall process efficiency.

Sponsor

42

TEAM 1425 PROJECT SUMMARY

DESIGN AND DEMONSTRATION OF A LOW-COST HEAD TRACKING SYSTEM Interdisciplinary Engineering Design Program Class

ENGR 498A/B

TEAM 1426 PROJECT SUMMARY

The objective of this project was to develop a low-cost six Honeywell Advanced Technology degrees of freedom (6-DOF) Sponsor Mentor/Advisor head tracker, which senses Ken Leiphon and reports the position Steve Martinez and orientation of a headup display (HUD), for use Project Mentor in commercial aviation. The Dave Gilblom selected design consists of a Team Members pair of glasses with a small Adrian Basurto (EM) camera mounted to the Dustin Landis (ME) side, aligned with the wearer's view. A reference image is taken when the system initializes.

Grant West (OSE) With the help of the OpenCV computer vision library, images from the live camera feed Jordan Brock (CE) are compared to the reference image, and the position and orientation of the camera are Rafael Jimenez Jr. (EE) computed. Implementation began with the software. MATLAB was chosen as the development Taylor Turnidge (CE) platform because of its quick prototyping capability and ability to incorporate OpenCV functions. Simulations were run in MATLAB to evaluate the performance of the algorithm.

EM = Engineering Management After computer simulations proved the proper functionality of the algorithm, physical tests ME = Mechanical Engineering OSE = Optical Sciences & Engineering began. The testing apparatus consisted of a gimbal table to accurately control the three axes of rotation of the camera, and a wooden base to control the three translational axes. The camera CE = Computer Engineering faced a poster of a cockpit on a white wall. Images were taken at various 6-DOF configurations EE = Electrical Engineering and run through the algorithm to determine the accuracy and precision of the system.

Sponsor

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SUPER-STAINER PRECISION THERMAL CONTROL

Interdisciplinary Engineering Design Program

TEAM 1427 PROJECT SUMMARY

Class ENGR 498A/B

Sponsor Ventana Medical Systems Inc.

Sponsor Mentor/Advisor Kenyon Kehl Chris Donat Steven Lei

Project Mentor Gregory Ogden

Team Members Marissa Lopez-Pier Amy Vaughn Ziad Alrayes Cody Kalmick Koriel Lambson Chris Sanford

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(BME) (BME) (IE) (ME) (ME) (EE)

BME = Biomedical Engineering IE = Industrial Engineering ME = Mechanical Engineering EE = Electrical Engineering

The aim of this project is to research, develop, design, implement and test a system for Ventana Medical Systems Inc. that can hold a standard 25x75 mm microscope slide and generate a controlled temperature field that is either uniform or programmable to a user's desired temperature gradient. The unit is designed to operate in the range of 27-105 degrees Celsius, with three temperature zones varying by 3 degrees Celsius.

The system must also have a noncontaminating slide area, receive commands from a user interface, and maintain user's initial conditions. The system must have a transparent window for the user to observe the process. The system must also use commercial off-the-shelf components. The specific goals of the project include designing, developing and building a system with a functional thermal gradient, gradient controller, and effective user interface, then implementing system test plans to verify that the device functions properly. The team's device is safe and fits on a work bench.

ON-SLIDE FLUID VOLUME MEASUREMENT DEVICE

Interdisciplinary Engineering Design Program

TEAM 1428 PROJECT SUMMARY

Class ENGR 498A/B

Sponsor Ventana Medical Systems Inc.

Sponsor Mentor/Advisor Robert Cisneroz Christopher Kovatch Jeff Calhoun

Project Mentor Greg Ogden

Team Members Jeff Garcia Bradley Kasberg Frank Sodari Vince Ippolito Jamison Phelps Samuel Dunn

(SE) (ME) (EE) (BME) (BME) (BME)

SE = Systems Engineering ME = Mechanical Engineering EE = Electrical Engineering BME = Biomedical Engineering

The purpose of this project is to develop a device for measuring a dispensed fluid volume in microliters on a standard microscope slide.

Ventana Medical Systems wants a system to confirm that their automated staining device is dispensing the appropriate volume of reagents onto a tissue sample. The system designed by the team operates by taking an image of the slide and using image processing to determine the area of the fluid's footprint on the slide. In addition, the image-processing algorithms determine the center point of the dispensed liquid. A laser sensor is then placed directly over the center point and a height measurement is taken. The height and area are then used to determine the volume. Multiple measurments can be taken to detect volume changes over time.

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DELIVERY OF AN ENDOVASCULAR DEVICE FOR A BIFURCATING VASCULAR ANATOMY Interdisciplinary Engineering Design Program Class ENGR 498A/B

The goal of the project is to develop a delivery system for UA Soft Tissue an endovascular device capable Biomechanics Laboratory of treating complex bifurcating aneurysmal anatomies.

Sponsor Mentor/Advisor Abdominal aortic aneurysms Jonathan Vande Geest (AAA) are asymptomatic and Project Mentor affect 5 percent of the elderly Gerald Pine population. AAA consists of a thinning of the aortic wall Team Members and an increase in aortic Andrea Acuna (BME) diameter. Aortic rupture has a Carmelo Moraila (ME) mortality rate of 90 percent.

Marysol Luna (BME) Current devices used to treat Matthew Davis (BME) this disease are unsuitable for 30 percent of patients because of their complex aneurysmal Matthew Kirk (EM) geometry. The proposed delivery system includes a polymeric device able to absorb light at Sean Ashley (OSE) a specific wavelength, a light source, a light diffuser and a balloon catheter. The polymeric device thermoforms, or changes its shape in the presence of heat, and paves to the aortic wall, BME = Biomedical Engineering reducing the pressure on the aneurysmal wall. The polymeric device treats AAA by reducing ME = Mechanical Engineering the aneurysmal sac pressure and decreasing the rupture potential. Delivery of the polymeric EM = Engineering Management device is performed in a Donovan flow loop connected to a mock aneurysm composed of OSE = Optical Sciences & Engineering porcine tissue.

Sponsor

46

TEAM 1429 PROJECT SUMMARY

DESIGN OF CYCLIC VARIATIONS IN ADAPTIVE CONDITIONING SYSTEM FOR SMALL ANIMALS Interdisciplinary Engineering Design Program TEAM 1430 PROJECT SUMMARY

Class ENGR 498A/B

Sponsor UA College of Medicine

Sponsor Mentor/Advisor Dr. Karen Herbst

Project Mentor Greg Ogden

Team Members Daniella Espiritu Jessica Honea Sergio Mendez CJ Weinmann Sepideh Zakikhani Jackie Zozaya

(BME) (ME) (EE) (BME) (BME) (SE)

BME = Biomedical Engineering ME = Mechanical Engineering EE = Electrical Engineering SE = Systems Engineering

The purpose of this project is to build and optimize a cycling hypobaric pressure system for small-animal research, capable of running the cyclic variations in adaptive conditioning (CVAC) process. The aim of the Pressure Health System device is to provide an ideal model of a hypobaric pressure system, suitable for laboratory research and small-animal testing.

The human-size model is not currently used for research applications because of limitations such as size, cost and transportability. Pressure Health System's device gives scientists and researchers a better understanding of the effects of varying hypobaric pressure on the body.

Pressure Health System uses the CVAC process to dynamically change pressure inside the system according to the program. The device consists of a pressure vessel, a control unit, and components to ensure safety of test subjects. The pressure vessel is capable of enduring constant changes in pressure, ranging from 6.08 pounds per square inch absolute to ambient pressure. Safety features include multiple failsafe components such as CO2 and O2 sensors that automatically shut off the system, and return the system back to ambient pressure if CO2 or O2 levels reach a dangerous level.

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AIR QUALITY SENSOR SYSTEM

Interdisciplinary Engineering Design Program

TEAM 1431 PROJECT SUMMARY

Class ENGR 498A/B

Sponsor Honeywell Aerospace

Sponsor Mentor/Advisor Richard Fox Deanna Chase

Project Mentor Gerald Pine

Team Members Rodrigo Toler Mary Coffelt Wellington Lee Toshifumi Tanabe Edward Baumann

(IE) (BME) (CE) (ME) (ME)

IE = Industrial Engineering BME = Biomedical Engineering CE = Computer Engineering ME = Mechanical Engineering

48

The goal of this project is to design a safe, long-term mounting system for a sensor with a computer interface that notifies maintenance when the auxiliary power unit (APU) air quality does not meet standards.

For optimal health and comfort, filtering and cleaning air is of utmost importance when flying an aircraft. Air acquires contaminants from both the engine and the cabin during flight. Because contamination levels vary at both sources throughout the flight, the most efficient fuel design strategically levels bleed air versus cabin air. Bleed air comes directly from the engine before the compressor and turbine stage, which means that the engine must work harder to provide the cabin bleed air, which is not always needed. Honeywell's ultimate goal is to create an environment control system (ECS) that reduces bleed airflow from the jet engines by proving recirculated air meets the requirements for cleanliness. Current FAA regulations require 0.55 lb/min of bleed air per passenger to constantly flow into the cabin.

The first step of creating the ECS is mounting and integrating a sensor to test the air quality of the APU, which is the focus of this design project. The sensor integrated in this project is a broadband volatile organic compound gas monitor and datalogger that will sense when there are high or low levels of VOC in the air; the ECS will then modify the intake of bleed air.

ERGONOMIC MICROTOME WITH SENSORY FEEDBACK

Interdisciplinary Engineering Design Program

Class ENGR 498A/B

TEAM 1432 PROJECT SUMMARY

Histopathology is essential to the diagnosis and treatment Ventana Medical Systems Inc. of many diseases. Sectioning tissue embedded in paraffin Sponsor Mentor/Advisor wax into micron-thick slices is Dianne Pistone a necessary step in providing Project Mentor biopsied slides to pathologists Jyoti Mukherjee for diagnosis. Traditionally, to create these slides, a Team Members histotechnologist operates Alexander Alvarez (BME) a microtome with a rotary action that provides feedback to the hand of the operator. LongTyler Foo (ME) term repeated operation of the microtome is known to cause injury to histotechnologists' Daniel Martin (BME) shoulders and wrists. This project modified the mechanism of this rotary action so that injury Caleb Myers (ME) could be reduced while the feedback from the original system could be maintained. To achieve Alexander Pagano (MSE) this the team designed four components: a new drive mechanism, a sensing subsystem, a Cody Pederson (EE) feedback subsystem and a control box to integrate the actions of these components. The drive mechanism controls the stepper motor using a 3-D printed joystick with ergonomic handholds BME = Biomedical Engineering and a lock to maintain the safety of the system. The sensing subsystem uses piezo sensors that ME = Mechanical Engineering detect vibrations from the microtome blade. The feedback subsystem uses information from MSE = Materials Science & Engineering these piezo sensors to vibrate piezo actuators in the handholds of the joystick. All of these EE = Electrical Engineering components are electronically controlled by an Arduino Uno. The combined actions of these systems allows histotechnologists to achieve the same cut quality with a reduced risk of injury.

Sponsor

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AUTOMATED WHOLE BODY IMAGING INTEGRATED WITH DERMOSCOPY IMAGING Interdisciplinary Engineering Design Program Class ENGR 498A/B

DermSpectra's Automated Total Body Imaging System DermSpectra LLC takes high-resolution images of 85 percent of a patient's Sponsor Mentor/Advisor body, giving physicians and Karleen Seybold patients vital photographic Jarrod Winters documentation to track Project Mentor critical skin and body changes.

David Gilblom The goal of this project is to integrate a dermoscopy Team Members function into the total body Nathaniel Santana (ME) imaging system. A dermoscopy Noah Krietsch (ME) system is an up-close imaging David Maestas (BME) technique to diagnose and track harmful skin conditions. This integration included testing Alexan Gomez (BME) dermoscopy imaging technologies to determine a suitable imaging device; the design of an Breanna Duffy (BME) iPad application to properly tag locations of dermoscopy images to the currently existing total Linda Allee (OSE) body image, tag image type settings, and include physician's notes; and a training video for the application. In addition, using CAD software the team converted the current composite panels ME = Mechanical Engineering of the Total Body Imaging System into thermoplastic material to reduce the overall weight of BME = Biomedical Engineering the booth, increase manufacturability, and reduce recurring cost. A quarter-scale model was OSE = Optical Sciences & Engineering developed using CAD software for demonstration purposes on Design Day, and as a marketing tool for DermSpectra during trade shows.

Sponsor

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TEAM 1433 PROJECT SUMMARY

X-RAY INTERFACE BOARD

Interdisciplinary Engineering Design Program TEAM 1434 PROJECT SUMMARY

Class ENGR 498A/B

Sponsor Faxitron Bioptics LLC

Sponsor Mentor/Advisor Paul Hess Chuck Wiswall

Project Mentor Clayton Grantham

Team Members Gabriel Barragan Jason Blomquist Michelle Cihy Aigerim Mukusheva Setareh Zakikhani

(CE) (CE) (IE) (CE) (BME)

CE = Computer Engineering IE = Industrial Engineering BME = Biomedical Engineering

The goal of this project is to redesign the main controller board of the Faxitron X-ray machine. Faxitron Bioptics specializes in manufacturing cabinet-style X-ray machines, but its current main controller board, the E-Engine-L, is built by an external company. The team was given the task of designing and assembling a controller board with newer technology that had the same core functionality as the existing controller board. The board should be able to display correct X-ray kV and time on a color LCD and simultaneously interface with multiple other printed circuit boards currently implemented in the company's X-ray systems. The main rationale for the redesign of this controller board is to get away from a single-source supplier and to give Faxitron control over the design. Additionally, the E-Engine-L controller board was not designed specifically for Faxitron's application, so it has superfluous hardware components that could be excluded from the new design. The control over the new board's design and the use of newer, more powerful technology will also give Faxitron the ability to improve its current system and potentially add more functionality in the future.

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STRAIN GAUGE BASED CYCLING POWER METER

Interdisciplinary Engineering Design Program

TEAM 1435 PROJECT SUMMARY

Class ENGR 498A/B

Sponsor Texas Instruments

Sponsor Mentor/Advisor Ravi Raghavendra

Project Mentor Clayton Grantham

Team Members Tasia Nash Vincent Carknard Adam Osman Vincent Hunt Cameron Clementson

(IE) (EE) (EE) (ME) (BME)

IE = Industrial Engineering EE = Electrical Engineering ME = Mechanical Engineering BME = Biomedical Engineering

52

Power, a desirable measurement for athletic performance analysis, is produced as a cyclist pedals. The goal of this project is to develop, design, and implement a power meter that accurately measures the cyclist’s power output and continuously displays the data in a user-friendly smartphone application. An essential requirement of this project is to showcase Texas Instruments technology. The team's design operates by first detecting, with strategically placed strain gauges, the amount of deflection in the crank arm of the bicycle. After that, the strain gauges analog signal output becomes the input to an analog-to-digital convertor (ADC). Then, the digital output of the ADC is processed by a microcontroller (MCU) and transmitted to a smartphone using Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) technology. Finally, the power data is displayed on the smartphone application's graphical user interface (GUI) for the user to observe. The GUI allows the cyclist to continuously view power-related data as well as control top-level functions for the device such as calibration and activation. Four of the components in the design use Texas Instruments technology, including an MCU, ADC, BLE controller, and a battery management chip. The design of the power meter allows for convenient operation, low weight, easy installation, high accuracy, and ease of calibration. Due to its added convenience, the inclusion of a compatible smartphone application is the most significant improvement to existing power meters.

LIGHTWEIGHT ROCKET SENSOR PAYLOAD AND TESTBED

Interdisciplinary Engineering Design Program

TEAM 1436 PROJECT SUMMARY

Class ENGR 498A/B

Sponsor Texas Instruments

Sponsor Mentor/Advisor Paul Frost

Project Mentor Clayton Grantham

Team Members Matthew Cichon Ryan Hoefferle Eric Moser Mark Bedoya Turki Alturki

(EE) (CE) (SE) (EE) (ME)

EE = Electrical Engineering CE = Computer Engineering SE = Systems Engineering ME = Mechanical Engineering

The Lightweight Rocket Sensor Payload and Testbed is a complete system for data acquisition and analysis. It consists of an easy-to-use and easy-to-install feature-packed electronics payload stored within a drop-in nosecone replacement for amateur rockets.

The nosecone replacement consists of a single inner electronics board and a protective and aerodynamic outer fairing. The electronics board is mechanically coupled to the outer fairing using shock-reducing contacts for noise reduction, and is equipped to collect common data types such as motion, temperature, and pressure. A Texas Instruments MSP-430 platform is used as the microcontroller unit.

Logged data can be retrieved wirelessly via Wi-Fi or by removing the storage device from the payload. Parachute deployment is controlled by the electronics using a powder charge that separates the nosecone assembly from the rocket at apogee. The nosecone can be produced using common 3-D printers. A testbed based in LabVIEW is used for system testing, debugging, and data analysis. A system like this allows hobbyists and emerging scientists to explore science and engineering with off-the-shelf amateur rockets. All of this is achieved using robust electronic components provided by Texas Instruments.

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AUTOMATED OPTICAL SURFACE DEFECT DETECTION TOOL

Interdisciplinary Engineering Design Program

Class ENGR 498A/B

The goal of this project is to design and fabricate a system that automates Edmund Optics the task of inspecting the surface quality of optical flats. This project is Sponsor Mentor/Advisor concerned with counting and measuring Kurt Abdelmaseh the scratches and digs on flat optical Jeremy Govier surfaces that significantly affect the Project Mentor performance of an optical system.

Mike Nofziger Current surface quality inspection practices call for cosmetic defects on Team Members optical flats to be inspected by hand.

Shabeeb Shah (CE) This process is a time-consuming step in Benjamin Cromey (OSE) the manufacturing process. Automating Lisa Li (OSE) the surface defect inspection task contributes to a more efficient manufacturing process that Nicholas Smith (OSE) could set a new industry standard. The system must be able to accurately report the number of Rafael Haro (ME) scratches and digs present on the test surface of a 10 mm right-angle prism. Dimensions of the Michael McDermott (ME) defects, excluding depth, should be reported alongside the defect count for each of the three optical surfaces of the prism. The team has designed the Automated Reflection Measurement CE = Computer Engineering System (ARMS) as a solution to these requirements. The ARMS system employs a collimated OSE = Optical Sciences & Engineering white light source that illuminates the 10 mm right-angle prism for the imaging system.

ME = Mechanical Engineering Images captured by the system are processed by an algorithm to automatically detect defects and report their sizes to the user through a graphical user interface.

Sponsor

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TEAM 1437 PROJECT SUMMARY

AUTOMATED PAINT/COATING PROCESS

Interdisciplinary Engineering Design Program

TEAM 1438 PROJECT SUMMARY

Class ENGR 498A/B

Sponsor Precision Shooting Equipment

Sponsor Mentor/Advisor Aaron Abril

Project Mentor Gary Redford

Team Members Colin Bell Moslin Cruz Patrick Mitchell Teague Peters Tayla Simmons

(ME) (EE) (ME) (ME) (SE)

ME = Mechanical Engineering EE = Electrical Engineering SE = Systems Engineering

The goal of this project is to design an automated painting system for applying paint to Precision Shooting Equipment's crossbows. The company currently uses mechanical and manual machining, painting and assembly for all products.

PSE uses skilled painters to base coat most of its crossbow handles and limbs, at a rate of 35 handles per hour. The automated painting machine is designed to reduce labor costs while increasing overall production. This was accomplished by designing and implementing a machine that uses automation control systems. The operation of the machine only requires an operator to load and unload several handles and limbs per painting cycle while the machine completes the base-coating process at the push of a button.

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MOBILE TERRAIN SCANNING

Interdisciplinary Engineering Design Program

Class ENGR 498A/B

The goal of this project is to design a mobile terrainCaterpillar Inc. mapping system for mining operations. The Mobile Terrain Sponsor Mentor/Advisor Scanning System (MTSS) will Justin Mamer produce a detailed terrain Jesse Farmer map by driving a vehicle over Matt Holmes the desired surface. MTSS can Project Mentor output a three-dimensional Ivar Sanders surface file with 25 mm accuracy with respect to true Team Members dimensions and location. This Alex Hoobler (ME) file contains a representation Alex Porter (ME) of terrain that can be viewed Connor Magness (OSE) in CAD software. This project Christian Magallanes (SE) focuses on providing a digital Wesley Folz (EE) representation of terrain on which mining equipment can be virtually simulated. Significant Jesus Sanchez (EE) challenges included designing an adjustable mounting structure, synchronizing data collection between LIDAR and IMU, developing software to mesh IMU data with captured LIDAR points, ME = Mechanical Engineering and developing software to convert points to a virtual surface. Additionally, this adaptable OSE = Optical Sciences & Engineering mounting system allows integration with a variety of vehicles.

SE = Systems Engineering EE = Electrical Engineering

Sponsor

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TEAM 1439 PROJECT SUMMARY

OPTICAL TIME-OF-FLIGHT RANGEFINDER

Interdisciplinary Engineering Design Program

TEAM 1440 PROJECT SUMMARY

Class ENGR 498A/B

Sponsor Texas Instruments

Sponsor Mentor/Advisor Jacob Freet Samir Cherian

Project Mentor Clayton Grantham

Team Members Nicole Chan Steven Ho Christopher Rumsey Robert Ramos Nathanael Rezer Michael Vogel

(EE) (EE) (CE) (EE) (OSE) (EM)

EE = Electrical Engineering CE = Computer Engineering OSE = Optical Sciences & Engineering EM = Engineering Management

The goal of this project is to design and build an optical time-of-flight laser rangefinder. The design uses high-performance, highspeed electrical and optical components to determine an accurate distance measurement, using time-offlight principles. The system consists of a laser driver that controls the pulses output by a visible wavelength laser aimed at the target object. A sensitive photodiode receives the reflections of the optical signal from the target object. Texas Instruments' high-gain transimpedance amplifier then strengthens and translates this input signal for capture by an analog-to-digital converter (ADC). The high-speed ADC digitizes a voltage signal so that it can be represented, stored and analyzed on a computer. A computer is used to trigger measurements, analyze data, and display distance measurement, along with relevant plots.

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AERODYNAMIC MODELING, MEASUREMENTS AND SIMULATION Interdisciplinary Engineering Design Program TEAM 1441 PROJECT SUMMARY

Class ENGR 498A/B

Sponsor Raytheon Sensintel

Sponsor Mentor/Advisor Aaron Farber Jacob Estabrook

Project Mentor Doug May

Team Members Steven Goodyke Daniel Simmons Rolland Prempeh Austin Taylor Chris Drawert

(ME) (ME) (AE) (SE) (ME)

ME = Mechanical Engineering AE = Aerospace Engineering SE = Systems Engineering

58

The goal of this project is to validate computational fluid dynamic (CFD) analysis with wind tunnel data for a small unmanned aircraft. In order to complete wind tunnel testing, the team used the large AME wind tunnel's five-component balance.

Wind tunnel testing determined the forces acting in the six spatial and rotational dimensions. The main challenge presented was to design and build a wind tunnel mount that allows six spatial dimensions to be collected while using a balance designed to collect only five spatial dimensions. The secondary objectives were to improve the aerodynamics of the unmanned aircraft, fabricate a suitable wind tunnel test model using the new aerodynamic design, and conduct and validate a CFD analysis with the wind tunnel data. The forces measured during wind tunnel testing will enable Sensintel to determine the aircraft's flying capabilities, particularly in extreme weather conditions. Project results could also be used by a future design team to develop a control simulation model of the unmanned aircraft. After completion of the project, the mount will be donated to the University of Arizona AME department for future research projects and the overall expansion of the wind tunnel's capabilities.

WIRELESS FLOW SENSOR FOR CEREBROSPINAL FLUID SHUNTS

Interdisciplinary Engineering Design Program

TEAM 1442 PROJECT SUMMARY

Class ENGR 498A/B

Sponsor Texas Instruments

Sponsor Mentor/Advisor Mark Irwin

Project Mentor Gary Redford

Team Members Brianna Moon Han Zhao Jessica Mergener LaRay Graner Lyndsay Batman Megan Cornman

(BME) (CE) (BME) (EE) (ME) (SE)

BME = Biomedical Engineering CE = Computer Engineering EE = Electrical Engineering ME = Mechanical Engineering SE = Systems Engineering

The goal of this project is to design and build a prototype system capable of displaying flow rate data of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) flowing through a CSF shunt catheter.

Hydrocephalus is an abnormal accumulation of CSF within the brain that can lead to increased pressure on the brain and be fatal if not treated. A common treatment method is to use a CSF shunt, which allows drainage of fluids from the brain into another region of the body, relieving the pressure on the brain. CSF flow needs to be monitored to measure how much fluid is drained from the brain over time. A CSF shunt flow sensor will support quantitative research on shunt lifespan, malfunctions and improvements.

The proposed system includes a nickel cantilever, magnetic sensor, custom-printed circuit board assembly, and a housing made from a biocompatible material. The product must reliably transmit flow rate data to a display or computer. A resolution of one milliliter per hour is ideal to monitor the low flow rate of CSF drainage. The primary deliverable is a prototype of a future medical device for implantation.

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3-D PRINTED ANTENNAS FOR WIRELESS COMMUNICATION Interdisciplinary Engineering Design Program

Class

ENGR 498A/B

Additive manufacturing involves the layer-by-layer UA Department of Electrical deposition of material to and Computer Engineering construct a three-dimensional Sponsor Mentor/Advisor object. Extrusion deposition, Michael Marcellin one of numerous methods Hao Xin of additive manufacturing, consists of depositing small Project Mentor amounts of material that Ivar Sanders harden to form layers. The goal Team Members of this project is to develop a Brent Johnson (SE) process to deposit conductive Chengxi Li (ME) material without melting the Colin Madrid (MSE) surrounding dielectric substrate in order to 3-D print a functional antenna. The project uses an Xizhi Tan (ME) unmodified Makerbot Replicator 2X, which has two separate extrusion heads. One extrusion Hanwen Wang (CE) head will deposit the dielectric substrate. The second extrusion head will deposit tin-lead Kevin Yiin (EE) solder to form the conductive path within the insulating material. The conductivity of the path must meet or exceed 10 percent of the conductivity of copper (10^6 Siemens per meter) SE = Systems Engineering in order to effectively transmit and receive radio frequency signals. The effectiveness of the ME = Mechanical Engineering MSE = Materials Science & Engineering process will be tested using the S11 protocol to determine the antenna's efficiency in receiving RF signals.

CE = Computer Engineering EE = Electrical Engineering

Sponsor

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TEAM 1443 PROJECT SUMMARY

SMARTPHONE INTEGRATED GUN LOCK

Interdisciplinary Engineering Design Program

Class ENGR 498A/B

TEAM 1444 PROJECT SUMMARY

The "Internet of Things" will allow consumers to interact Christopher J. Downs & Associates with their products in novel ways. The goal of this project Sponsor Mentor/Advisor is to investigate the feasibility Christopher Downs of building a firearm-locking Project Mentor mechanism that can interface Gary Redford with a smartphone app to provide safety features Team Members currently unavailable on any Ariel Austin (EE) relevant consumer product.

Aaron Clark (ME) These features include biometric unlocking, GPS monitoring, and displacement notifications.

Christopher Downs (OSE) These capabilities will enable consumers to ensure that no unwanted users have access Edward Enhelder (EM) to their firearms. Additionally, attempting to unlock the weapon using brute force or even Aaron Grabowska (EE) moving it from its resting position alerts the owner immediately. In addition to preventing Simon Noudelman (EE) theft, this product could help avert child shooting accidents and school shootings. Particular care was taken in designing the electrical circuit and mechanical housing to enable the desired EE = Electrical Engineering functionality while maintaining a tamper-proof locking mechanism. The novel, pseudo-unibody ME = Mechanical Engineering approach to casing design allows for a device with no external fasteners that is virtually OSE = Optical Sciences & Engineering impenetrable without the use of power tools. The circuitry and locking mechanism encased EM = Engineering Management within are controlled by a Bluetooth-enabled Arduino board and powered by a battery that recharges using the same micro-USB port found on current smartphones.

Sponsor

61

CONNECTED LIGHTING SYSTEM USING POWER OVER ETHERNET Interdisciplinary Engineering Design Program TEAM 1445 PROJECT SUMMARY

Class ENGR 498A/B

Sponsor Texas Instruments

Sponsor Mentor/Advisor Kartik Sinha

Project Mentor Clayton Grantham

Team Members Mark Palomer Daniel Papajohn Chris Quevedo Peter Seid Allison Sheesley Jon Stephens

62

(CE) (CE) (EE) (ME) (IE) (CE)

CE = Computer Engineering EE = Electrical Engineering ME = Mechanical Engineering IE = Industrial Engineering

The most common lighting system is an alternating electrical current that powers incandescent light bulbs. This system can be costly because of its high power consumption, so Texas Instruments has proposed to create a cost and energy efficient smart lighting system that uses Power over Ethernet to power light-emitting diodes (LEDs) in a commercial or residential setting. The goal of this project is to create a cost and energy efficient lighting system that allows users to control lights via a smartphone.

The team created a smartphone application that communicates with the lighting system and allows users to perform basic actions, such as turning the lights on and off, as well as more advanced features, such as dimming the lights or changing their color. Additional capabilities of the device include recording user habits to form a specialized schedule to turn the lights on automatically. The system also includes a motion detector that senses when the user is not in the area and turns off the lights to conserve energy. Major components of the system include power sourcing equipment to provide power to the entire system over an Ethernet cable, a powered device to route the power, a microcontroller with integrated Bluetooth to handle communication to and control of the system, and multicolored LEDs to provide the light.

KNIFE GATE VALVE PORTABLE HYDRAULIC TESTING STATION

Interdisciplinary Engineering Design Program

Class ENGR 498A/B

TEAM 1446 PROJECT SUMMARY

The overall goal of this multidisciplinary project is to FLSmidth Krebs design, develop and test a portable hydraulic testing station to evaluate Sponsor Mentor/Advisor the performance of the FLSmidth Daniel Soria Krebs knife gate valve. The objective Project Mentor of the testing station is to collect Gregory Ogden operational data for a range of knife gate valve sizes and testing scenarios. The system must be capable of measuring Team Members torque and thrust data as a function of pressure and gate position. The system must also Meera Alshehhi (MSE) allow for collection of the total volumetric discharge from the knife gate valve during one Matt Campbell (ME) valve actuation cycle as a function of pressure and gate speed. The system design must be Sam Hudson (MSE) compatible with both current and projected FLSmidth Krebs research and design projects, and Christian Malena (ME) interface with the company's existing testing facilities. To address these requirements, the Weibin Wu (ME) team designed a closed-loop system capable of regulating and maintaining the pressure across Wangtan Yuan (SE) the knife gate valve by use of a hydraulically operated bypass valve. The team also designed and implemented a connection method to attach a tension/compression load cell to the stem MSE = Materials Science & Engineering of the knife gate valve to monitor thrust during valve actuation. The team used a data-logging ME = Mechanical Engineering system to collect the thrust and pressure data during the systems operations for later analysis.

SE = Systems Engineering The team was able to collect the data requested by FLSmidth Krebs for their 2-inch, 3-inch and 4-inch knife gate valves. Due to the need to be applicable for future testing scenarios, the final systems design is capable of handling knife gate valve sizes as large as 10 inches.

Sponsor

63

ANDROID PLATFORM HEARING ASSIST DEVICE REFINEMENT and FORM FACTOR & USABILITY ASSESSMENT Interdisciplinary Engineering Design Program Class ENGR 498A/B

Sponsor Arizona Center on Aging

Sponsor Mentor/Advisor Jane Mohler

Project Mentor Ivar Sanders

Team Members Temesgen Fesahazion (CE) Richard Gonzales (CE) Alexandra Hoeger (BME) Saradadevi Thanikachalam (BME) Jill Wynne (SE) Jue Zhang (CE) Michael Ziccarelli (CE) CE = Computer Engineering BME = Biomedical Engineering SE = Systems Engineering

64

TEAM 1447 PROJECT SUMMARY Approximately 36 million adults in the United States suffer from varying degrees of hearing loss, but only 20 percent of them use hearing aids. Hearing aids provide a solution to this problem, but they are expensive (about $5,000) and have high operational costs: batteries cost about $10 a week. Smartphones can provide users with an inexpensive alternate hearing-assistive technology. Current smartphone applications on the market are specific to iOS, and do not adhere to FDA Regulatory Requirements for Hearing Aid Devices and Personal Sound Amplification. CyberEar, a hearing-assistant application for Android smartphones, was developed last year to meet the need for a low-cost alternative to hearing aids. The goal of this project is to further develop the CyberEar application for Android devices while improving performance issues, such as significant background noise and high latency. The main goals for this project are to introduce background noise attenuation and to lower latency of the system.

To achieve these requirements, the team implemented a different audio engine, PureData, in the application and introduced biquad filters to reduce background noise. Another goal was to make the application easier to use, which was accomplished by a redesigned user interface that is much simpler than the previous version without sacrificing functionality.

FIREPROOF DESIGN FOR APU INLET PLENUM SPLIT LINE JOINT

Interdisciplinary Engineering Design Program

Class ENGR 498A/B

TEAM 1448 PROJECT SUMMARY

An auxiliary power unit, or APU, is a small turbine engine used as Honeywell an intermediate power source for an aircraft's initial and emergency Sponsor Mentor/Advisor electrical startup power for all major Patrick Mulloy aircraft systems, including the air for Project Mentor the environmental control system Jyoti Mukherjee (ECS). The inlet plenum is an air intake chamber for the APU, where air is Team Members distributed between the turbine and Crispyn Aldridge (MSE) the ECS. To aid in manufacturing, Nicole Ortiz (ME) the plenum chamber is split into two Marcos Quiros (SE) halves that are joined together at Johnathan Burnett (SE) the split line joint. FAA regulations MSE = Materials Science & Engineering require this area to be fireproof so that in an emergency fire cannot penetrate the plenum to disrupt emergency power operations.

ME = Mechanical Engineering Specialized testing of the split line joint must be conducted to determine that all materials SE = Systems Engineering and joint geometries used will withstand a 2,000 degree Fahrenheit kerosene flame for 15 minutes. This exploratory project focused on producing and testing two differently styled joint geometries with three different seal materials to produce a high-performance fireproof barrier at the split line joint. The joint and seal combination that meets or exceeds the requirements for the smallest total cost is considered a high performer.

Sponsor

65

REDESIGN OF A TURBINE'S FLANGE JOINT INTO A COMPOSITE SHEAR JOINT Interdisciplinary Engineering Design Program Class ENGR 498A/B

Traditionally the casings of turbine engines are joined Honeywell Engines by a flange joint using tensioned bolts to secure Sponsor Mentor/Advisor the forward and aft sections.

Rob Murray The goal of this project is Justin Mickelsen to redesign this joint into Project Mentor an overlapping joint in Gerald Pine which the fastening bolts experience shear forces. A Team Members carbon fiber material was Connor Owen (ME) used that aligned with the Luis Del Valle (ME) axial direction of the turbine Kerbie Henry (SE) (the same direction as the shear forces). Carbon fiber is ideal for this application because of Morgan Sierra (ME) its very high yield strength along the direction in which the fibers are laid. One of the major Dan Tuttle (MSE) motivations for changing from a flange joint is to save space outside the turbine casing for other components. The overlapping joint's reduction in height helps with this objective. Due to time ME = Mechanical Engineering and resource constraints, the full 44-inch diameter turbine could not be made. Several scaled SE = Systems Engineering test specimens were constructed and subjected to tensile tests to confirm their load-bearing MSE = Materials Science & Engineering capabilities. Other inspections were made to ensure the joint met aerospace specifications.

Some key features of the design are mating tabs for ease of maintenance, a gasket to ensure a good seal, and honeycomb aluminum impregnated into the core for weight reduction.

Sponsor

66

TEAM 1449 PROJECT SUMMARY

ROBOTIC TECHNOLOGIES IN NAVAL APPLICATIONS

Interdisciplinary Engineering Design Program

TEAM 1450 PROJECT SUMMARY

Class ENGR 498A/B

Sponsor Raytheon Missile Systems

Sponsor Mentor/Advisor Mark Szlemko

Project Mentor Gregory Ogden

Team Members Shien Hong Huy Le Ben Subeck Will Titus Wil Westholm

(CE) (EE) (ME) (ME) (IE)

CE = Computer Engineering EE = Electrical Engineering ME = Mechanical Engineering IE = Industrial Engineering

Robots have historically been applied to tasks that fall into the "3-D" categories: dirty, dull and dangerous.

Recent advances in robotic technologies, coupled with industry trends in adopting these technologies for use in factory automation, have increased the presence of robots in many previously untapped markets. However, robots have yet to make an appearance in one application that is dirty, dull and dangerous: a naval ship at sea. The team researched the technologies and their recent advancements to determine their feasibility in naval applications. Emphasis was placed on determining why robotic technologies are not currently installed on naval ships. The team also investigated whether commercial offthe-shelf technologies could meet military specifications for performance and seaworthiness, and made recommendations for necessary improvements. To conduct and test the research, the team developed a theoretical shipwide networked system of firefighting robot arms coupled with infrared technologies alongside robotic tracked firefighting vehicles for early detection and suppression of shipboard fires. This system could detect and report a fire, and it would allow a remote operator to position the robot arm and deploy a firefighting agent.

This would reduce the time required to detect a fire, increase the accuracy of locating the fire, reduce the time required to initially attack the fire, and minimize personnel exposure to the fire.

67

HANDHELD OPHTHALMIC EXAMINATION DEVICE

Interdisciplinary Engineering Design Program

Class

ENGR 498A/B

The goal of this project is to create a smartphoneUA Department of Electrical based handheld ophthalmic and Computer Engineering examination device able to Sponsor Mentor/Advisor perform standard ophthalmic Wolfgang Fink examinations in broad daylight setting. Ophthalmic Project Mentor examinations are important Wolfgang Fink for many aspects of ocular Team Members and nervous system health, Tembong Fonji (EE) including detection of Jerri-Lynn Kincade (BME) degenerative diseases and Steven Monroe (EE) neurological damage. However, performing these examinations typically requires a tightly Anthony Rodriguez (CE) controlled indoor darkroom environment and large, expensive measurement equipment Gunnar Scott (OSE) usually located at a doctor's office or clinic. These restrictions make providing eye healthcare Michelle Walker (ME) difficult in mobile settings such as remote areas, austere environments, and third world countries. A smartphone-based ophthalmic examination device was developed that is EE = Electrical Engineering handheld, mobile, inexpensive, and able to perform ophthalmic examinations in a bright BME = Biomedical Engineering outdoor environment. An ophthalmic examination platform that is simple and accessible CE = Computer Engineering while retaining enough accuracy and functionality to be deployed as part of a professional OSE = Optical Sciences & Engineering examination has been created by exploiting modern technological advances in embedded ME = Mechanical Engineering electronics and telemedicine.

Sponsor

68

TEAM 1451 PROJECT SUMMARY

SMART WRIST-WORN SENSOR FOR EMOTION ASSESSMENT AND INTERVENTION Interdisciplinary Engineering Design Program Class ENGR 498A/B

TEAM 1453 PROJECT SUMMARY

Stress plays an important role in mood, productivity and Arizona Center on Aging overall health. High stress Sponsor Mentor/Advisor can lead to negative effects in all of these categories.

Jane Mohler Simple interventions such as Project Mentor breathing exercises have been Doug May shown to reduce stress. Stress Team Members can be measured through Michelle Heusser (BME) physiological parameters such as heart rate variability and galvanic skin response. Currently Christopher Curti (CE) there are no devices that specifically track stress level and alert the user of high stress in realJames Fagan (CE/EM) time. The goal of this project is to design and develop a prototype wrist-worn biofeedback Ali Khan (OSE) device that monitors stress level and alerts users when their stress is high, and guides them Ashley Montague (SE) through a stress-reducing exercise. The wrist-worn sensor detects stress using an optical heart Ashley O'Neal (ME) rate sensor and noninvasive electrodes encased in the sensor body. When the device detects a high stress level, it alerts the user by vibration and gives the user the option of connecting to a smartphone and taking a guided breathing exercise. This accompanying smartphone BME = Biomedical Engineering application also logs a history of high stress occurrences and allows the user to adjust settings.

CE = Computer Engineering The device has been tested for functionality and usability. Although the scope of this project is EM = Engineering Management OSE = Optical Sciences & Engineering limited to a functioning prototype, the goal is that the device can be ultimately scaled for mass production and sold to consumers to track and reduce stress, anxiety, anger control issues, and SE = Systems Engineering conduct disorders.

ME = Mechanical Engineering

Sponsor

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DESIGN OF AN ACTIVE KNEE EXTENSION SIMULATOR

Interdisciplinary Engineering Design Program

TEAM 1454 PROJECT SUMMARY

Class ENGR 498A/B

Sponsor UA Departments of Orthopaedic Surgery and Biomedical Engineering

Sponsor Mentor/Advisor Dr. Daniel Latt John A. Szivek

Project Mentor Ivar Sanders

Team Members Tianna Benson Gary Bruening Scott Harrison Joe Montes Andrew Sikorsky Ruben Teran

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(BME) (BME) (ME) (BME) (BME) (CE)

BME = Biomedical Engineering ME = Mechanical Engineering CE = Computer Engineering

The goal of this project is to design and build an instrument that allows a cadaveric leg to be mounted in a materials testing system (MTS) and to be actively extended via the action of the quadriceps tendon. While knee simulators do exist in other labs at various universities and hospitals, each is uniquely designed to fit the budget and needs of its host facility. The UA Orthopaedic Research Laboratory will be able to use this device to study the motion, stresses and rotation in the knee joint under various loading patterns. The dynamic qualities of the system allow for an in-depth and physiologically accurate research analysis that will be used to study surgical techniques to treat conditions of the knee joint, such as trochlear dysplasia. The machine has been designed to fit limbs of various sizes, so that tests are repeatable for distinct individual specimens. The entire simulator consists of several integrated pieces that use the MTS as a mounting stand and hydraulic pulley system. The main features of the simulator include an aluminum tibial attachment that is fixed on the base of the MTS, and a similar femoral attachment that is fixed to slide rails to allow for the motion of the limb. The simulator accounts for six degrees of freedom in motion and mirrors the exact extension and flexion patterns of a human knee under a body weight load. The system can also obtain the measure of the angle of flexion in real time, as well as automatically control the movement of the pulley system.

SMART FOOT: A PRESSURE-RESPONSIVE INSOLE TO REDUCE ISCHEMIA AND MUSCLE FATIGUE Interdisciplinary Engineering Design Program TEAM 1455 PROJECT SUMMARY

Class

ENGR 498A/B

Sponsor UA Departments of Orthopaedic Surgery and Biomedical Engineering

Sponsor Mentor/Advisor Dr. Marvin J. Slepian

Project Mentor Clayton Grantham

Team Members Mackenzie Carter Matthew Fritzie Brian Johannesmeyer Justin Pretzlaff Matthew Sherwood Eric Westerband

(BME) (BME) (EE/CE) (BME) (IE) (ME)

BME = Biomedical Engineering EE = Electrical Engineering CE = Computer Engineering IE = Industrial Engineering ME = Mechanical Engineering

Improper foot distribution when standing or applying pressure to the foot can cause local pressure, ischemia (lack of blood flow), nerve pain and muscle fatigue. Athletes, endurance runners and cyclists, and patients with peripheral vascular disease and diabetic vascular disease are all at risk for permanent damage to their feet. Current insole products are static over the time they are worn by the user. As an alternative to static insoles and to reduce the risk of pain and damage to the foot, the team has designed, built and tested a proof-of-concept shoe insole that will expand and contract to offload pressure in the foot. An array of pressure sensors on the base of the 3-D printed insole analyzes the foot's distribution of pressure, and the insole determines what sector to expand or contract using a pneumatic system of two bladders within the insole to correct the improper distribution. The bladders are inflated using carbon dioxide from a cartridge connected to an injector and controlled by a driver. The team hopes in the future this system can be reduced in size to fit inside a normal shoe and be used as an insole.

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POINT-OF-CARE MICROFLUIDIC THROMBOSIS MONITOR

Interdisciplinary Engineering Design Program

TEAM 1456 PROJECT SUMMARY

Class ENGR 498A/B

Sponsor Dr. Marvin J. Slepian

Sponsor Mentor/Advisor Phat Tran

Project Mentor Dave Gilblom

Team Members John Raffles Durbin Micah Lee Michael Seall Taryn Sisserson Mackenzie Steinbach Matthew Watson

(BME) (ME) (BME) (BME) (BME) (EE)

BME = Biomedical Engineering ME = Mechanical Engineering EE = Electrical Engineering

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Patients suffering from cardiovascular disease are prescribed anticoagulants to reduce the chance of thrombosis and subsequent thromboembolism as platelets are exposed to mechanical shear by implanted circulatory assist devices. The Microfluidic Thrombosis Monitor tests the level of platelet activation and alerts the patient if they are at a higher risk of clotting.

The device consists of a microfluidic chip in which platelets are sheared, mixed and analyzed.

The chip's enclosing structure maintains a constant temperature and houses the chip and the optical detection sensors. The platelets are exposed to constant shear in the chip and reagents are added to begin the detection process. The team uses a modified prothrombinase assay developed by Dr. Slepian's lab to determine the extent of platelet activation. Once all the reagents are added, the reaction is incubated for 20 minutes and optical detection is performed on the resulting solution in the well of the chip. Photodiodes sense the absorbance value of the solution and correlate the value to the amount of platelets that have been activated. An LCD screen on the front of the housing chamber displays the detection results, which can inform the decision whether or not the patient needs more anticoagulants. This is a proof-of-concept project that Dr. Slepian hopes to translate into an at-home point-of-care device in the future.

THREE-COLOR ANIMATED HOLOGRAPHIC PROJECTOR

Interdisciplinary Engineering Design Program

Class ENGR 498A/B

TEAM 1457 PROJECT SUMMARY

Transmissive projection holograms are individually used Raytheon Missile Systems to create a single-color static image at nearly 100 percent Sponsor Mentor/Advisor efficiency. The goal of this Rigel Woida-O'Brien project is to create a dynamic Tom Milster laser projection system Project Mentor incorporating these holograms Michael Nofziger that allows projection of fullcolor animations. The fullTeam Members color frames are created by Tyler Hashimoto (OSE) overlapping the far-field projections of each of the respective holograms tuned individually to Brandon Hellman (OSE) the red, green and blue lasers. To create the animation, multiple sets of RGB holograms were Loren Jones (OSE) fabricated on a single circular glass substrate. The substrate is rotated about the central axis to Max Ross (EE) pass each hologram sequentially across its respective laser beam. The final result is a full-color Dean Shute (ME) projected laser animation from the compact device. The holograms are fabricated using the Matt Trouard (SE) maskless lithography tool, which prints micro-etches onto the glass substrate. The pattern of each etching is the Fourier transform of the projected image with an applied optimal phase OSE = Optical Sciences & Engineering Gerchberg-Saxton algorithm. An Arduino Uno development board is used to control the EE = Electrical Engineering laser outputs and the rotational motor that advances the frames. This prototype offers a new ME = Mechanical Engineering technique to the projection industry, using a method of image formation well beyond the SE = Systems Engineering efficiency of current projection systems.

Sponsor

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SPHERICAL SUPERFINISHING MACHINE

Interdisciplinary Engineering Design Program

TEAM 1458 PROJECT SUMMARY

Class ENGR 498A/B

Sponsor Sargent Aerospace & Defense

Sponsor Mentor/Advisor Todd Peterson Paul Vinson Tom North

Project Mentor Jyoti Mukherjee

Team Members Daniel Martin Bradley Esquibel Vianre Nocos Oscar Escarcega

(SE) (ME) (ME) (ME)

SE = Systems Engineering ME = Mechanical Engineering

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The goal of this project is to design and build an apparatus and accompanying process that would take a hard-coated (high-velocity oxygen fuel chrome coating) spherical ball with a bore through the center from the as-ground finish to a superfinished state. Sargent intends to use the machine for the production of rotorcraft parts. This project has very tight controls on roundness (sphericity), size and surface finish that need to be met.

Safety, repeatability, and production cycle time are also critical. The project requires the team to develop the overall machine design; select materials; conduct mechanical design and analysis, 3-D modeling, and machining of parts; and design a control system.

905 LASER WEAPONS MOUNTED RANGEFINDER Interdisciplinary Engineering Design Program

Class ENGR 498A/B

TEAM 1459 PROJECT SUMMARY

How far away is a given target? The answer to this question is the most Nightforce Optics Inc. crucial piece of data required for the precision long-range shooter Sponsor Mentor/Advisor and is the focus of this design Chad Beauregard project. The design of a laser Project Mentor illuminated detection and ranging Gary Redford (LIDAR) system capable of 2,000 meter accuracy, while operating Team Members within the boundaries imposed by Brian Bellah (OSE) the International Traffic in Arms Matthew Dieterich (ME) Regulations (ITAR) for nonmilitary Alec Dollarhide (SE) use, is a technical engineering challenge that many commercial manufacturers have not been Sergio Morones (OSE) able to meet. The use of a 905 nanometer operational wavelength successfully meets ITAR Mark Sellers (EE) requirements but creates physical difficulties with absorption and beam divergence when Jonathan Snavely (CE) propagating through the atmosphere. The laser is pulsed on a nanosecond interval that clocks the time of flight to perform the required calculation of the distance. Isolation of the reflected OSE = Optical Sciences & Engineering signal from the target location, in the presence of environmental noise, is performed by optical ME = Mechanical Engineering filtering and digital modulation of the outgoing laser pulses. Keeping the signal-to-noise ratio SE = Systems Engineering as high as possible, the laser operation at 19 milliwatts is outside the unprotected eye-safe EE = Electrical Engineering levels for a nonvisible laser. With a required tolerance of less than 2.5 arcseconds between them, CE = Computer Engineering the precision alignment of the two independent optical system paths is crucial for operation.

Sponsor

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X-56 MODULAR AIRCRAFT WITH DYNAMIC SCALING (XMADS)

Aerospace Engineering

TEAM 1460 PROJECT SUMMARY

Class AME 420A/422A

Sponsor UA Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering

Sponsor Mentor/Advisor Hermann F. Fasel

Project Mentor Hermann F. Fasel

Team Members Jake Reckinger Joshua Smith Anjuly Pino Will Carlisle Ricardo Guidolim Renato Sartori

(AE) (AE) (AE) (AE) (AE) (AE)

AE = Aerospace Engineering

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The objective of this project is to design and build a onethird-scale X-56A test aircraft with two sets of wings, one stiff and one flexible, to study the aerodynamic effects of wing motion. The X-56A is an experimental aircraft built by Lockheed Martin and NASA to test wing flutter. The team used dynamic scaling to make its 1/3-scale plane behave like the full-scale X-56A in flight, which is a critical design component. Another important component of the design is the modularity built into the XMADS so that different sets and configurations of wings can be easily attached.

The team modified the 1/3-scale plane built by last year’s MACO senior design team that incorporated a stiff wing. In addition to designing and building a flexible wing, the team redesigned a set of conventional wings with a conventional tail. The wings and fuselage were built using composite materials, including carbon fiber and fiberglass, from molds designed in SolidWorks, and the XMADS uses two electric ducted fans to increase the thrust from last year’s design. This plane can be used in future university-level research for wing flutter testing and study on the behavior of composite materials in flight.

X-56A DART: DYNAMICALLY SCALED AIRCRAFT FOR RESEARCH AND TESTING Aerospace Engineering TEAM 1461 PROJECT SUMMARY

Class AME 420A/422A

Sponsor NASA Lockheed Martin Air Force Office of Scientific Research

Sponsor Mentor/Advisor Hermann Fasel

Project Mentor Hermann Fasel Josh Alexander Jeff Gluck

Team Members Phillip Greenberg Brianna Grembowski Harry Powell Rosanna Bether Kristofer Drozd AE = Aerospace Engineering

(AE) (AE) (AE) (AE) (AE)

Lockheed Martin developed the X-56 Multi-Utility Technological Testbed (MUTT), a 28-foot, unmanned flying wing, as a means to test flutter suppression and gust alleviation. The goal of this project is to design and build a 50 percent scale model of the X-56A called Dynamically Scaled Aircraft for Research and Testing (DART). The team scaled the original sweptwing design and designed a modified version of the aircraft with straight wings and a tail that would produce the same amount of lift as the swept wing. The fuselage is modular and can accommodate the swept wings or the straight wings and the tail. The original MUTT has flexible swept wings, whereas the DART has rigid straight wings. The purpose of this scale model is to serve as a vehicle for future testing and analysis. From the pilot perspective, the straight-winged configuration is easier to fly than the swept-winged configuration. Future researchers will be able to construct swept wings for the aircraft based on this team's designs.

Additionally, the modular design will accommodate the addition of flexible wings for testing flutter.

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A METHOD FOR THE MORPHING ACTUATION OF CONTINUOUS CONTROL SURFACES Aerospace Engineering TEAM 1462 PROJECT SUMMARY

Class AME 420A/422A

Sponsor UA Student Chapter of American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics

Sponsor Mentor/Advisor Austin Smith

Project Mentor Jesse Little

Team Members Austin Smith Ruben Adkins Josef Merki Zachary Miller David Springer Wen Quan Tan

(AE) (AE) (AE) (AE) (AE) (ME)

AE = Aerospace Engineering ME = Mechanical Engineering

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The stringent requirements of small-scale unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) flight make it difficult to include mechanical wing actuators or any aerodynamic performance enhancers beyond the nominal geometry. Conventional actuators are infeasible because UAVs of this size almost always employ thin airfoils. The goal of this project is to develop and test a method to actuate control surfaces without intruding on any of a UAV’s core design constraints. This was achieved using the macro fiber composite (MFC), which acts as a control surface membrane capable of dynamic manipulation. Voltage applied to a MFC causes it to elongate and alter the curvature of a surface it is bonded to. Changing the surface curvature alters the aerodynamic characteristics of that surface. By using MFCs, wing thickness is no longer an obstruction to aerodynamic manipulation, while system power consumption is still comparable to that of a traditional actuator. The overall design is simple with only a few base components: the main spar, the MFC, the composite shell, and the electronic driving controls. Electronics are operated with the assistance of a force-feedback controller to mitigate aerodynamic disturbances and hysteresis of the structure. This simplicity of design makes it powerful, lightweight and compact, while still competing with the performance of readily available technology.

SABINO CANYON VTOL UAV

Aerospace Engineering

TEAM 1463 PROJECT SUMMARY

Class AME 420A/422A

Sponsor Rincon Research Corp.

Sponsor Mentor/Advisor Jordan Odle

Project Mentor Sergey Shkareyev Anatoli Tumin

Team Members Rita Ezeugwu Nestor Franco Nicolle Hervey Youra Jun Sean Parker Steven Rishor Yiming Zhang AE = Aerospace Engineering

(AE) (AE) (AE) (AE) (AE) (AE) (AE)

The objective of this project is to design, build and test fly an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) with vertical takeoff and landing (VTOL) capabilities with the purpose of providing surveillance information for Sabino Canyon.

The aircraft will be able to take off from a set ground station and, with a mounted camera, be able to survey the area. The mission involves vertically taking off and flying to a location 4 miles away and loitering in a target area that is 0.5 x 0.5 miles at an altitude of 500 feet. The aircraft then returns and lands vertically, all in a total time of 30 minutes. The design that was chosen incorporates an H-frame quadcopter merged with a fixed wing and tail.

Five motors and propellers are incorporated into the design, with a flight controller in charge of the transitioning between three modes of flight: hover, slow forward flight, and fast forward flight. The plane body is composed of a fiberglass skin with balsa wood ribs and carbon fiber spars. The wing and fuselage are modeled in SolidWorks and converted to a mold that CAD software further converts into code that can be read by a CNC machine. A mold is then formed that allows the team to create the composite skin. The power for the mission is provided by two batteries wired in parallel. The benefits of this hybrid setup are that it takes advantage of the VTOL capabilities of a quadcopter and blends them with the flight characteristics of a fixed-wing aircraft, which makes it easier for the UAV to reach and maneuver through difficult terrain.

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DYNAMIC SOARING OF UAVS

Aerospace Engineering

TEAM 1464 PROJECT SUMMARY

Class AME 420A/422A

Sponsor UA Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering

Sponsor Mentor/Advisor Hermann Fasel Jeffrey Koessler

Project Mentor Hermann Fasel Jeffrey Koessler

Team Members Katherine Borg Elizabeth Yakoob Brent Reichert Aaron Woodard AE = Aerospace Engineering

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(AE) (AE) (AE) (AE)

Dynamic soaring is a flying technique used to gain energy by repeatedly crossing the boundary between air masses of significantly different velocity (wind gradient).

Dynamic soaring data is available from extensive flight pattern research of large birds such as the albatross. The objective of this project is to generate a simulation that shows it is possible for a glider to extract energy from a wind gradient and achieve a state of dynamic soaring flight. Upon completion of the simulation, flight testing in sufficient winds with a hotliner demonstrated this capability over level terrain, which in turn illustrated conservation of energy. The challenge for this project is to perform a circular hover trajectory that depends upon the aircraft characteristics and does not place the glider under undesirable conditions. Throughout the flight, airspeed, wind speed and altitude data are critical in the success of this project. It is required that the wind sources are greater than 20 mph and that maneuvers are performed where the wind gradient changes most rapidly.

A successful implementation of the tested theory would allow an autopilot system in an unmanned aerial vehicle to increase endurance without relying on an electrical or gas energy source. By using a natural energy source for thrust production, several desirable design objectives may be achieved. Most notably, an aircraft that could exploit wind gradient energy could decrease its overall weight and fuel expenses.

CLIPPER SPIRIT WING CLASSIFICATION

Aerospace Engineering

TEAM 1465 PROJECT SUMMARY

Class AME 420A/422A

Sponsor New Nose Company (NNC)

Sponsor Mentor/Advisor Charles Simpson Edward Kerschen

Project Mentor Charles Simpson

Team Members Daniel Gorin Gabrielle Debbins Daniel Lusher Ben Silvertooth Henrique Muniz Alves AE = Aerospace Engineering

(AE) (AE) (AE) (AE) (AE)

The goal of this project was to analyze and test the wing of New Nose Company's seaplane, the Clipper Spirit. Testing included assessing the viability of an aileron droop on the wing design. The aileron droop was tested at multiple angles of attack to gather a wide data set. The wing was scaled down to a model that would fit in a wind tunnel. The model was tested in the AME subsonic student wind tunnel and analyzed to find the engineering constants of the wing. The model was tested under conditions and circumstances that matched as closely as possible the actual flight conditions experienced by the full-scale wing. The team built the model using rough material and applied boundary layer trips to induce turbulent flow around the airfoil. The turbulent flow was induced to artificially create the conditions of the high Reynolds number expected during flight conditions. The Reynolds number was simulated because the wind tunnel does not achieve actual flight speeds and a constant air density. This allowed the team to gather and analyze data that represented an actual flight of the wing, and to determine the engineering constants of the wing, such as the coefficients of drag, lift, and pitching moment.

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RECYCLING LETTUCE WASH WATER WITH OZONE-INJECTED MICROBUBBLES Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering TEAM 1466 PROJECT SUMMARY

Class ABE 498A/B

Sponsor GreenGate Fresh LLLP

Sponsor Mentor/Advisor Peter Livingston

Project Mentor Sara Kuwahara Isaac Hung

Team Members Todd Crouthamel Kody Huey Chathurangi Wijeratne Bryan Torres

(BE) (BE) (BE) (BE)

BE = Biosystems Engineering

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The companies that supply fresh produce to American consumers know the continued success of their business depends upon maintaining unblemished food safety records, which results in thousands of gallons of used wash water being wasted every day. This places a large economic burden on these companies and raises sustainability issues because of the inefficient use of limited water resources. The team believes that by employing new technology it can reduce these negative effects while maintaining high standards of food safety. This project is focused on creating a more efficient way to reduce the water and energy waste at GreenGate Fresh LLLP, a cut lettuce facility that uses approximately 300,000 gallons of wash water per day, which has to be disposed of after one use. The team's pilot-scale system attempts to show that a large-scale system capable of treating one-half to two-thirds of that volume in real time with an emerging technology is possible. The proposed system uses ozone-injected microbubbles to remove biological material from the water and return it to a potable condition, which means it can be returned directly to the wash cycle thus reducing the use of large amounts of city water. Ideally, this pilot system will prove to be scalable so that a future team could design a larger system made to accommodate the plant's high water usage, recycle up to two-thirds of its waste water, and preserve the company’s high quality control standards.

DEWATERING ALGAE

Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering TEAM 1467 PROJECT SUMMARY

Class ABE 498A/B

Sponsor UA Department of Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering

Sponsor Mentor/Advisor Peter Livingston

Project Mentor Charles De Fe Dr. Murat Kacira Peter Livingston

Team Members Qi Li Elizabeth De Vogelaere Charlotte Meador Kirstie Birmingham

(BE) (BE) (BE) (BE)

The goal is to design and construct an apparatus that more effectively and efficiently dehydrates liquid algal solution into a dried, solid form. The team constructed a falling evaporator prototype based on design models currently being used in the dairy and pharmaceutical industries.

Liquid algal solution is pumped through a standard-use paint sprayer connected to an eightfoot aluminized steel pipe. The inside of the pipe is heated by a forced air heater. As the algal solution is sprayed into the pipe, the heat source causes the solution to atomize, evaporating the water from the solution and leaving a dried algal biomass. This biomass can then be used for applications such as fish feed, cosmetic industry purposes, and biodiesel research.

BE = Biosystems Engineering

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THE SMART HOOP HOUSE

Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering TEAM 1468 PROJECT SUMMARY

Class ABE 498A/B

Sponsor UA Department of Agriculture and Biosystems Engineering

Sponsor Mentor/Advisor Murat Kacira Peter Livingston

Project Mentor Peter Livingston

Team Members Ellen Dunn Kayla Bertsch Reynaldo Mendoza

(BE) (BE) (BE)

BE = Biosystems Engineering

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The goal of this project is to design an automated growing environment for optimized plant health. Increasing numbers of people want to grow their own food, but cannot find time to care for a garden. The Smart Hoop House is an automated system with sensors that are programmed to specific set points for optimal plant growth. These sensors actuate irrigation, cooling, and light systems. A soil moisture sensor automates the irrigation system for efficient water use. A temperature sensor automates a fan to extract ambient hot air from the top of the hoop house and initiates the mechanical rolling up of the sides for ventilation when the temperature increases. A light sensor determines if the light is optimum for plant growth and turns on an energy-efficient LED if needed. As the environment changes, the system will adapt to care for the plants and ensures protection no matter where the user is. This design will help the horticulturalists and gardeners by providing greater control and ultimately more peace of mind. By promoting local food production this system supports the movement for food sustainability and security. This design keeps quality and production high without disturbing the daily lives of users.

GRAY WATER RECYCLING SYSTEM

Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering

TEAM 1469 PROJECT SUMMARY

Class ABE 498A/B

Sponsor Bosque Engineering UA Department of Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering

Sponsor Mentor/Advisor Peter Livingston Kitt Farrell-Poe

Project Mentor Peter Livingston Kitt Farrell-Poe

Team Members Caitlyn Hall Gina Harris Devon Schmieder

(BE) (BE) (BE)

BE = Biosystems Engineering

The goal of this project is to design a low-cost residential gray water system. Since 2010 Tucson homes have been built with dual plumbing systems to separate gray water and black water. The gray water may be used for irrigation in Tucson, and Tucson Water reimburses a significant amount of installation and material costs for these systems. No commercial system is available, and this low-cost solar-powered irrigation system design will meet a need for residential gray water reuse systems. The system will reduce the use of potable water by thousands of gallons a year in every home in which the it is implemented, saving a valuable resource and reducing Tucson homeowners’ water bills. To gain entrepreneurship experience, project progression has been guided as if creating a startup business with potential for small business licensing. A website and marketing aspect has been integrated to introduce the gray water system for public promotion.

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INDUSTRIAL SCALE-UP OF COPPER NANOPARTICLE COATED PAPER Chemical and Environmental Engineering TEAM 1470 PROJECT SUMMARY

Class CHEE 442/443

Sponsor UA Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering

Sponsor Mentor/Advisor Kimberly Ogden

Project Mentor Anthony Muscat Lance Hubbard

Team Members Rachel Braun Allison DeKatch Jerad Dunevant Daniel Witter

(CHE) (CHE) (CHE) (CHE)

CHE = Chemical Engineering

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The goal of this project is an industrial scale-up of a process to coat paper with a thin uniform layer of copper nanoparticles. A lab-scale version of this patent-pending process was developed at the University of Arizona by researchers in the department of chemical and environmental engineering. Other common metallic nanoparticle coating technologies require the use of a vacuum chamber or application of voltage to the substrate.

This newly developed process eliminates these steps and many of the other requirements of older coating processes, making the process more cost effective and more applicable to a wider variety of substrates, such as paper, plastic and metals. The chosen application is the coating of paper for use in flexible electronics and organic solar cells. The plant design includes the creation of copper nanoparticles from bulk copper that are then sprayed onto rolls of paper.

PROPANE-BASED FUEL CELLS

Chemical and Environmental Engineering

TEAM 1471 PROJECT SUMMARY

Class CHEE 442/443

Sponsor UA Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering

Sponsor Mentor/Advisor Greg Ogden

Project Mentor Greg Ogden

Team Members Julie Bui Brian Gerwe Samantha Henry Paul Nakazato

(CHE) (CHE) (CHE) (CHE)

CHE = Chemical Engineering

Fuel cells that convert chemical energy from a fuel into electricity have been around since 1838. Methanol has been the primary fuel source for these cells. The goal of this project is to change the fuel source to propane. The primary challenges with using propane are removing sulfur compounds from commercial grade propane, and reforming the fuel into hydrogen to be delivered to the anode. The propane fuel cell uses sol-gel-synthesized yttria-stabilizedzirconia (YSZ), nickel-doped YSZ (Ni-YSZ), and lanthanum strontium manganese doped YSZ (LSMYSZ) for the electrolyte, anode and cathode, respectively. This approach offers improved porosity and surface area to mass ratio than the traditional powder-mixing and sintering processes that are typically used for making the anode, cathode and electrolyte. With the target audience being recreational vehicle (RV) users, a propane fuel cell allows users to purchase and store only one fuel source on their RVs. Each fuel cell will generate 4500 watts of power, allowing the user to power air conditioning and other appliances (refrigerator, microwave, etc.). The propane fuel cell not only allows customers to take advantage of propane already available for cooking, but also produces less noise and emissions compared to traditional diesel generators.

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PRODUCTION OF FEED FROM MICROALGAE

Chemical and Environmental Engineering

TEAM 1472 PROJECT SUMMARY

Class CHEE 442/443

Sponsor UA Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering

Sponsor Mentor/Advisor Kimberly Ogden

Project Mentor Peter Waller

Team Members Caleb Rugel Joel Hyde Nick Mata Thomas Rosales

(CHE) (CHE) (CHE) (CHE)

CHE = Chemical Engineering

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The goal of this project is to compare different types of algae raceways and design nutrientdelivery systems to optimize the large-scale production of fish feed from microalgae. The Algae Raceway Integrated Design (ARID) is a serpentine path with a deep canal for overnight storage of the reactor contents. The traditional paddlewheel raceway consists of a large oval tub with a paddlewheel motor. The two designs were compared to see which was the most cost effective. Areas of analysis included the cost of materials and equipment, cost of labor, utilities requirements and production capability. The CO2 delivery systems compared were direct pumping through a diffusion stone or by the introduction of water supersaturated with CO2. A nutrient-delivery system was designed for use in both raceways.

Methods considered for separation included flocculation, filtration and centrifugation.

SUNSHINE DISTILLERS: DESIGN OF A BOURBON DISTILLERY

Chemical and Environmental Engineering

TEAM 1473 PROJECT SUMMARY

Class CHEE 442/443

Sponsor UA Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering

Sponsor Mentor/Advisor Kim Ogden

Project Mentor David Denuyl

Team Members Sara Gallagher Kari Hernandez Kate Li Christian Montoya

(CHE) (CHE) (CHE) (CHE)

CHE = Chemical Engineering

The goal of this project is to design a facility that will produce large bourbon volumes to be sold on the public market. Sunshine Distillers is a hypothetical bourbon distillery located in Tucson, Arizona.

By deciding upon a mediumsized yearly output of 50,000 750 milliliter bottles of bourbon, the team calculated the amounts of materials that must pass through every stage of the process, from the initial corn and wheat in the mash, through the yeast added in the fermenter, and finally to the amount of alcohol exiting the distillation apparatus to produce bottled bourbon at 45 percent alcohol by volume (90 proof). The team quantified the cell growth during fermentation using a modified Monod kinetic expression. Size and cost of the equipment were simulated using ChemCAD software.

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UTILIZATION OF WASTE HEAT FROM POWER GENERATION TO PURIFY WATER Chemical and Environmental Engineering TEAM 1474 PROJECT SUMMARY

Class CHEE 442/443

Sponsor UA Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering

Sponsor Mentor/Advisor Kimberly Ogden

Project Mentor Kimberly Ogden

Team Members Kaitlyn Mensing Elyse Redford Lily Walsh Daniel Wilcox

(CHE) (CHE) (CHE) (CHE)

CHE = Chemical Engineering

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Energy and water are both essential commodities but most of our planet's water is not potable, and most of the heat produced during conventional power generation isn't used. The goal of this project is to design systems to capture heat from a solar concentrator and excess heat from a nuclear reactor, and to use this waste heat to purify seawater. Nuclear reactors generate an immense amount of heat, most of which is wasted, while solar concentrators focus the sun's heat. Harnessing these sources of heat is a low-cost and sustainable way to purify water. Two common methods were used in the design to desalinate seawater: membrane distillation and vacuum distillation, both of which were interchanged with the two sources of heat to find the best combination of efficiency and cost. By pairing water purification with power generation, two of the world's greatest needs can be met more efficiently, more sustainably, and at a lower cost.

MINIMIZING ACID GENERATING POTENTIAL ON SULFIDE MINE TAILING Chemical and Environmental Engineering TEAM 1475 PROJECT SUMMARY

Class CHEE 442/443

Sponsor UA Superfund Research Program Jon Chorover's Lab

Sponsor Mentor/Advisor Jon Chorover Robert Root

Project Mentor Robert Root Kim Ogden

Team Members Juan Cristobal Mariscal Sara Feijoo Moreira Yadi Wang Richard Weng

(CHE) (CHE) (CHE) (CHE)

CHE = Chemical Engineering

Mine tailings are byproducts and waste materials from the mining process. Sulfide-dominated mine tailings, especially on the surface, can generate acid due to prolonged oxygen exposure. This weathering process can create tailings lacking nutrients that prevent vegetation growth. The bare tailing surface can elevate the health risk to the surrounding populations due to wind and water erosion. The goal of this project is to design a neutralization plant for sulfide-dominated mine tailings. The plant will use limestone-amended tailing products to overlay and stabilize the surface of an older tailing body. To determine the amount of limestone needed during the neutralization step, an analysis of reduced inorganic sulfur that has acidgenerating potential was assessed using an inexpensive chromium-reducible sulfur laboratory method. Various known pyrite concentrations were examined to quantify sulfur recovery form each source. Mathematical models were transformed from the experimental results and used to predict acid-generating potential from the mine tailings, from which a quantity of limestone can be estimated to treat mine tailings. In comparison with other mine tailing covering methods, this plant can immediately cover old tailings with amended new tailings. In addition, the plant process can minimize weathering of tailing pile surfaces. The cost of this capping scheme with products from the neutralization plant is also lower than treating weathered old tailing surfaces directly. This neutralization plant concept will significantly address sulfide acid remediation problems and reduce long-term public health risk near mining sites.

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PRODUCTION OF ULTRAPURE NITROGEN

Chemical and Environmental Engineering

TEAM 1476 PROJECT SUMMARY

Class CHEE 442/443

Sponsor UA Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering

Sponsor Mentor/Advisor Kimberly Ogden

Project Mentor Harry Patton

Team Members Mohamed Alkhamis Jessica Amposta Rohit Uprety Manuel Vasquez

(CHE) (CHE) (CHE) (CHE)

CHE = Chemical Engineering

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The goal of this project is to design a plant to produce 200 tons of ultrapure nitrogen per day that has impurities, excluding noble gases, of less than 10 parts per billion by volume without using nitrogen product compressors. The plant manufactures liquefied nitrogen from ambient air through cryogenic distillation.

The location of the plant was chosen to be in Tucson, Arizona, south of Irvington between Kolb and Houghton.

The return on investment for this plant was not ideal because of high capital costs and competition with well-established vendors of ultrapure nitrogen, such as Air Liquide and Linde. To improve cost effectiveness, a second plant was designed using the same purification process but with purchased concentrated nitrogen that was 95 to 99 percent pure. The reduction in capital costs for equipment to obtain the initial purification upstream of the distillation column made the second design more economically feasible.

PLASTICS RECYCLING PLANT

Chemical and Environmental Engineering

TEAM 1477 PROJECT SUMMARY

Class CHEE 442/443

Sponsor UA Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering

Sponsor Mentor/Advisor Chris Dahl

Project Mentor Kimberly Ogden

Team Members Dustin Groff Andrew Jimenez Kyle Rodriguez Jeff Tsay

(CHE) (CHE) (CHE) (CHE)

CHE = Chemical Engineering

The ability to sustainably recycle widely used plastics, especially numbers 3-7, cannot keep pace with demand. The goal of this project is design a plastics recycling plant to efficiently handle all types of plastics. Through novel research methods developed over the past few decades, in conjunction with current recycling methods in popular use, this plant design will enable more efficient large-scale recycling of plastics. After the initial washing and separating of the bulk waste, a selective dissolution and reprecipitation technique with a variety of solvents is able to take in a large amount of the waste and isolate the individual polymers. This is done by selectively dissolving each polymer in a specified solution at a temperature that limits the solubility of unwanted materials, which can be filtered out. Adding an antisolvent precipitates out the desired product. The solvents used in the process can be separated out and recycled throughout the operation. The polymers can finally be extruded into marketable pellets at specified level of purities.

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GASOLINE BLENDING VIA ALKYLATION

Chemical and Environmental Engineering

TEAM 1478 PROJECT SUMMARY

Class CHEE 442/443

Sponsor UA Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering

Sponsor Mentor/Advisor Fred Brinker Kimberly Ogden

Project Mentor Fred Brinker Kimberly Ogden

Team Members J. Federico Diez Huirong Ning Yuyan Zhu Dillon Manzanares

(CHE) (CHE) (CHE) (CHE)

CHE = Chemical Engineering

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The objective of this project is to design a plant to produce high-octane gasoline (regular and premium) using an alkylation process. Alkylation is the transfer of an alkyl group from one molecule to another. In the past, methyl tertiary-butyl ether (MTBE) was used to formulate high-octane gasoline, but environmental and health concerns have led to calls for finding different methods to upgrade gasoline. The envisioned plant would be an add-on to an existing plant. The process consists of combining an isobutane stream and a light olefin stream, containing C3s and C4s, to produce C7s and C8s via alkylation. The process will contain two splitters: one to remove n-butane from a refinery butane stream to leave mainly isobutane; the other to remove propane and propylene from a refinery light olefin stream so that the light olefin can be used more efficiently. The isobutane stream and the light olefin stream will be used in the production of the different gasolines, whereas the n-butane stream and the propane/polypropylene streams can be sold at market price. The gasoline will be mixed in compliance with relevant regulations. The gasoline capacity of the system will be around 130,000 barrels per day, with premium and regular gasoline produced in a ratio that maximizes profits. There will also be two different products for each kind of gasoline: one for summer and one for winter.

DESIGN OF MULTISTORY HISTORICAL LEED BUILDING

Civil Engineering and Engineering Mechanics

TEAM 1479 PROJECT SUMMARY

Class CE 408A/B

Sponsor UA Department of Civil Engineering and Engineering Mechanics

Sponsor Mentor/Advisor Mick Mathieu

Project Mentor Mick Mathieu

Team Members Mireya Moleres Joel Amarillas Haley Koesters Nawar Sadeq Gabriela Brambila Blake Brennan CV = Civil Engineering

(CV) (CV) (CV) (CV) (CV) (CV)

The goal of this project is to design a multipurpose three-story building that creates a new hub for businesses and student housing. Located in the West University Historic District, the building blends into the historic neighborhood's architectural features. The project encompasses a complete transportation, hydrological, structural, and geotechnical design of the building and site while adhering to all applicable building codes. Based on calculations for expected daily trips, turning movements, and Highway Capacity Software traffic-flow analysis, the new site plan is designed to optimize parking spaces, landscaped areas, and access. Along with a newly designed grading plan, hydrological flood analysis for varying storm events is used to design rainwater harvesting cisterns and a stormwater infiltration system to recharge the groundwater aquifer and irrigate the site's native landscaping. The building itself is a steel-braced moment frame designed to support gravity, wind, and seismic loading per the Load Resistance Factor Design procedure. Given the applied loading and data from soil profiles, the site's soil-bearing capacity is calculated to design isolated concrete foundations with reinforcing tensile rebar. During the design process, decisions to use recycled materials, environmentally conservative methods, and energy and water efficient systems were used to achieve LEED (Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design) accreditation.

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Our thanks to all sponsors of design projects and for all the support we receive for interdisciplinary engineering design at the University of Arizona.

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