Dec2015

B e Rumi h za d S hi s h e g ar a n Hannibal Alkhas

Aziz Art

Dec2015

A le xa n d er C al d er

Iran Kurdistan

1.Hannibal Alkhas 4. Alexander Calder 9. Behzad Shishegaran 12. Competition 16.Rumi

Director: Aziz Anzabi Editor and translator : Asra Yaghoubi Research: Zohreh Nazari

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Hannibal Alkhas the next eleven (11) years teaching was born in 1930 in Kermanshah, at Tehran University.

Iran and he spent his childhood and In 1980 Hannibal returned to the teenage years in Kermanshah, United States and for the next Ahwaz and Tehran. In 1951 twelve (12) years he taught art at Hannibal moved to the the Assyrian American Civic Club in United States in pursuit of his Turlock, private colleges, and at the education and studied philosophy University of California at Berkeley for three years at Loyola University and Los Angeles. Since 1992 of Chicago, Illinois.

Hannibal has been teaching at the \"Azad Isalmic University of Iran\" From 1953 to 1958 he attended while he also teaches painting the Art Institute of Chicago where privately and is an art critic writer he earned his Bachelor\'s and in various Iranian magazines.

Masters of Fine Arts.

Hannibal\'s work is deeply inspired In 1959, after the death of his by the ancient bas-reliefs and stone father, the famous Assyrian writer sculptures of Ancient Assyria, Rabi Addi Alkhas , Hannibal Babylon and Daric-Persia. He has returned to Iran and began to developed and mastered a unique teach painting, drawing, and art style of painting that seeks to history at the \"Tehran School of vitalize the historic processes Fine Arts\" for the next four years. within the passing moment. In his During this time he established the style, using past and present successful \"Gilgamesh\" gallery, separately and simultaneously the first modern art gallery in Iran whether through content or form, where aspiring young artists were expressions appear from six introduced. thousand years ago, today and the In 1963 he returned to the United future.

States and taught at \"Monticello College\" in Illinois where he became the chairman of the art department. In 1969 Hannibal 1 again returned to Iran and spent

Human emotions and thoughts that he uses form to express that to such as love and hate, the exotic which it is most suited; abstraction and the mundane, victory and for explosion, cubism for space, defeat, hope and despair, pride and surrealism for dreams, weakness are the subjects he expressionism for moods or constantly chooses and naturalism for documentation of intermingled with the universal the moment. notions of birth, death, hunger, the His achievements include a number historical lineage of humanity, of one-man shows, group art mythology, and above all war and exhibitions, and traveling peace. exhibitions in Southern Iran, South His greed for subjects equals his Korea, Europe, Canada, Australia, thirst to experiment with Cypress and Israel. Aside from techniques and materials with the being displayed in his own gallery, a different \"isms\" of art. He might number of his paintings are start a work with an abstract featured in the Fine Arts Museum mixture of colors and shapes and and Gallery of Modern Art in finish with figurative rendering.

Tehran and the Helena d\' Museum Nevertheless, he calls himself a in Tel Aviv. contemporary realist in the sense

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Alexander Calder to be an engineer because some August 22, 1898 – November 11, guy I rather liked was a mechanical 1976 was an American sculptor engineer, that's all." At Stevens, known as the originator of the Calder was a member of the Delta mobile, a type of moving sculpture Tau Delta fraternity and excelled in made with delicately balanced or mathematics. suspended shapes that move in He was well-liked and the class response to touch or air currents. yearbook contained the following Calder’s monumental stationary description, "Sandy is evidently sculptures are called stabile. He always happy, or perhaps up to also produced wire figures, which some joke, for his face is always are like drawings made in space, wrapped up in that same and notably a miniature circus work mischievous, juvenile grin. This is that was performed by the artist. certainly the index to the man's character in this case, for he is one of the best natured fellows there Life and career is."

Calder's parents did not want him to suffer the life of an artist, so he In the summer of 1916, Calder decided to study mechanical spent five weeks training at the engineering. An intuitive engineer Plattsburg Civilian Military Training since childhood, Calder did not Camp. In 1918, he joined the even know what mechanical Student’s Army Training Corps, engineering was. "I was not very Naval Section, at Stevens and was sure what this term meant, but I made guide of the battalion. thought I'd better adopt it," he later wrote in his autobiography. He enrolled at the Stevens Institute of Technology in Hoboken, New Jersey in 1915.

When asked why he decided to study mechanical engineering instead of art Calder said, "I wanted

Calder received a degree from Calder decided to move back to Stevens in 1919.For the next New York to pursue a career as an several years, he held a variety of artist. jobs, including working as a Red Mobile, 1956, Painted sheet hydraulic engineer and a metal and metal rods, a signature draughtsman for the New York work by Calder - Montreal Museum Edison Company. In June 1922, of Fine Arts Calder found work as a mechanic Calder moved to New York and on the passenger ship H. F. enrolled at the Art Students Alexander. While the ship sailed League, studying briefly with from San Francisco to New York Thomas Hart Benton, George Luks, City, Calder slept on deck and Kenneth Hayes Miller, and John awoke one early morning off the Sloan.

Guatemalan Coast and witnessed While a student, he worked for the both the sun rising and the full National Police Gazette where, in moon setting on opposite horizons. 1925, one of his assignments was He described in his autobiography, sketching the Ringling Brothers and "It was early one morning on a Barnum and Bailey Circus. Calder calm sea, off Guatemala, became fascinated with the action when over my couch—a coil of of the circus, a theme that would rope—I saw the beginning of reappear in his later work. a fiery red sunrise on one side and the moon looking like a silver coin In 1926, Calder moved to Paris, on the other." enrolled in the Académie de la The H.F. Alexander docked in San Grande Chaumière, and established Francisco and Calder traveled up a studio at 22 rue Daguerre in the to Aberdeen, Washington, where Montparnasse Quarter. In June his sister lived with her husband, 1929, while traveling by boat from Kenneth Hayes. Calder took a job as Paris to New York, Calder met his a timekeeper at a logging camp. future wife, Louisa James (1905The mountain scenery inspired him 1996), grandniece of author Henry to write home to request paints James and philosopher William and brushes. Shortly after this, James.

They married in 1931. While in Davidson.

Paris, Calder met and became Calder died unexpectedly on friends with a number of avantNovember 11, 1976, shortly after garde artists, including Fernand the opening of a major Léger, Jean Arp, and Marcel retrospective show at the Whitney Duchamp. Calder and Louisa Museum in New York returned to America in 1933 to settle in a farmhouse they Exhibitions purchased in Roxbury, Calder room at National Gallery of Connecticut, where they raised a Art in Washington DC family (first daughter, Sandra born Calder's first solo exhibition came 1935, second daughter, Mary, in in 1927, at the Gallery of Jacques 1939).

Seligmann in Paris.[48] In 1928, his In 1955 Alexander and Louisa first solo show in a US commercial Calder travelled around in India gallery was at the Weyhe Gallery in for three months, where Calder New York City. In 1933, he exhibited produced nine sculptures with the Abstraction-Création as well as some jewelry. group in Paris.

In 1963, Calder settled into his In 1935, he had his first solo new workshop, which overlooked museum exhibition in the United the valley of States at The Renaissance Society the Lower Chevrière to Saché in at the University of Chicago. In New Indre-et-Loire (France).

York, he was championed from the He donated to the town a early 1930s by the Museum of sculpture, which since 1974 has Modern Art, and was one of three been situated in the town square. Americans to be included in Alfred Throughout his artistic career, H. Barr Jr.'s 1936 exhibition Cubism Calder named many of his works and Abstract Art. in French, regardless of where they were destined for eventual display.

In 1966, Calder published his Autobiography with Pictures with the help of his son-in-law, Jean

Calder's first retrospective was held in 1938 at George Walter Vincent Smith Gallery in Springfield, Massachusetts. In 1943, the Museum of Modern Art hosted a well-received Calder retrospective, curated by James Johnson Sweeney and Marcel Duchamp; the show had to be extended due to the sheer number of visitors Calder was one of 250 sculptors who exhibited in the 3rd Sculpture International held at the Philadelphia Museum of Art in the summer of 1949. His mobile, International Mobile was the centerpiece of the exhibition.

Calder also participated in documents IN (1955), II (1959), III (1964). A retrospective of his work opened at the Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum, New York, in 1964. Five years later, the Fondation Maeght in Saint-Paul-deVence, France, held its own Calder retrospective. In addition, both of Calder's dealers, Galerie Maeght in Paris and the Perls Galleries in New York, averaged about one Calder show each per year.

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Behzad Shishegaran paintings of Iranian writers and He is an Iranian painter and graphic poets, as well as world famous designer figures born in Tehran in 1952 (Shishegaran was the winner of the Graduated from Tehran School of 1st Iranian Painting Biennial in 1991 Fine Arts with diploma in painting (Tehran Museum of Contemporary and later got his Bachelor degree Art in graphic design from Tehran Shishegaran is the honorary University of Art member of Painters Association of Created a total of 18 collections of Iran artworks since 1971 Shishegaran was the member of Designed numerous political, the board of directors of Painters social and cultural posters Association of Iran from 2007 to Held 11 solo exhibitions 2011 (Participated in more than 90 group exhibitions (both in Iran and Solo Exhibitions outside of Iran 1990 – Drawing exhibition His artworks were featured in dedicated to the Iranian athlete various Iranian and foreign Gholamreza Takhti Noghre publications Publishing Association Designed a number of symbolic 1991 – Drawing and painting and text logos for book covers, exhibition (reading and writing) magazines, as well as Persian fonts dedicated to the Year of Reading and packaging design (UNESCO) in Seyhoun Gallery Shishegaran has been teaching 1991 – Exhibition in memory of the drawing, painting and graphic victims of the earthquake in Gilan design since 1975 till now and Zanjan provinces Rasht city The author of the book “One 1994 – Drawing and painting Hundred Portraits of Takhti, The exhibition in “variation” technique Champion” featuring drawings, “A paintings and graphic designs Since 1990 Shishegaran has created a few dozens of drawings and

1997 – Drawing and painting exhibition “Cheap” Private studio 2000 – Drawing and painting exhibition “The Face of Ahmad Shamloo” Barg Gallery 2003 – Drawing and painting exhibition for the benefit of Bam earthquake victims Reza Abbasi Museum 2005 – Drawing and painting exhibition of miniature-like faces Tarahan Azad Gallery 2010 – Painting exhibition “Tehran in Coma” Seyhoun Gallery 2012 – Exhibition of sculpture-like paintings Arya Gallery 2013 – Painting exhibition Arya Gallery

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Kurdistan Province or Kordestan began, leading to their defeat in Province is one of the 612 BCE, and setting the stage for 31 provinces of Iran, not to be the commence of the Median confused with the greater empire. geographical area of Iranian Kurdistan. The When the Islamic Arabs attacked province of Kurdistan is 28,817 km² the Sassanid empire in 634 CE, in area which encompasses just many Kurds resisted their invasion, one-fourth of but were eventually brought under the Kurdish inhabited areas of Iran Muslim rule. In 835 CE, one of the or Iranian Kurdistan . It is located in Kurdish leaders revolted against Althe west of Iran, in Region 3, and Mu'tasim, but was eventually bound by Iraq on the west, the suppressed. The Kurds revolted province of West Azerbaijan to its against the Arab Caliphs several north, Zanjan to the northeast, times but were defeated.

Hamedan to the east and Kermanshah to# the During the next few hundred years, south. The capital of Kurdistan Kurdistan became the arena of Province is the city of Sanandaj conflict between various invaders, including the Mongols and (Kurdish: Sinne‎). Other counties with their major cities are Timurids. Its steady decline began Marivan, Baneh, Saqqez, Qorveh, in the 16th century, when sea Bijar, Kamyaran, Dehgolan, traffic replaced the famous Silk Divandareh and Sarvanand.

Road.

History The mountainous lands of this area first encouraged Aryan tribes to settle in this region after their immigration to Iran. It was from here where the first plan to overthrow the Assyrian Empire

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Upon the order of Sultan Muhammad Khodabandeh (Öljaitü), a small town by the name of Soltanabad Chamchal was constructed in Bisutun region to function as the official and political center of Kurdistan in the Middle Ages. It remained the capital for nearly one-and-a-half centuries, until, in 1372 CE, the government moved to Hassanabad fort, 6 km south of Sanandaj (Sinne). Around 14th century, people from Ardalan tribe established themselves in Sinne (Sanandaj) as the rulers of this region.

Kirkuk, and Kifri, which were already the homelands of the Goran-Kurds, all belonged to this principality. The capital city of the principality was first in Sharazor, but was moved to Sinne later on.

During the reign of Shah Ismail I, the founder of Safavid dynasty, Sunni Kurds (among them the Ardalans) were supported by Ottoman against the Shi'ite government of the Safavids. When Soleiman Khan Ardalan came to power in 1630 CE, the throne was transferred to Sanandaj (Sinne), and, from then on, the rulers contributed to the flourishing and development of the area.

According to Sharafnama written

by Sharaf al-Din Bitlisi, The Ardalan Dynasty continued to the earliest known leader of the rule the region until the Qajar tribe, Bawa Ardalan, was a monarch Nasser-al-Din Shah (1848descendant of Ahmad b. Marwan, 1896) ended their rule in 1867 CE. who ruled in Diyarbakır. He settled down among the Gorani people in Kurdistan and toward the end of the Mongol period took over the "Şare Zor" (Sharazor) region, where he established himself as an absolute ruler. He is considered to be the founder of the Ardalan principality. The territories of Zardiawa (Karadagh), Khanaqin,

Rumi

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Jalāl ad-Dīn Muhammad Rūmī also known as Jalāl ad-Dīn Muhammad Balkhī and more popularly simply as Rumi (1207 – 17 December 1273), was a 13thcentury Persian poet, jurist, Islamic scholar, theologian, and Sufi mystic. Rumi's influence transcends national borders and ethnic divisions: Iranians, Tajiks, Turks, Greeks, Pashtuns, other Central Asian Muslims, and the Muslims of South Asia have greatly appreciated his spiritual legacy for the past seven centuries. His poems have been widely translated into many of the world's languages and transposed into various formats. Rumi has been described as the "most popular poet" and the "best selling poet" in the United States.

Rumi's works are written mostly in Persian, but occasionally he also used Turkish, Arabic, and Greek, in his verse.His Mathnawī, composed in Konya, may be considered one of the purest literary glories of the Persian language. His works are widely read today in their original language across Greater Iran and the Persian-speaking

world.Translations of his works are very popular, most notably in Turkey, Azerbaijan, the United States, and South Asia. His poetry has influenced Persian literature, but also Turkish, Ottoman Turkish, Azerbaijani, Punjabi, Hindi, and Urdu, as well as the literature of some other Turkic, Iranian, and Indo-Aryan languages including Chagatai, Pashto, and Bengali Life Jalal ad-Din Rumi gathers Sufi mystics.

Double-page illuminated frontispiece, 1st book (daftar) of the Collection of poems (Masnavi-i ma'navi), 1461 manuscript Bowl of Reflections with Rumi's poetry, early 13th century. Brooklyn Museum.

Rumi was born to native Persianspeaking parents, originally from the Balkh city of Khorasan, in present-day Afghanistan. He was born either in Wakhsh,a village located on the Vakhsh River in the greater Balkh region in present-day Tajikistan,or in the city of Balkh, located in present-day Afghanistan.

Greater Balkh was at that time a A hagiographical account of him is major centre of Persian culture described in Shams ud-Din Ahmad and Sufism had developed there Aflāki's Manāqib ul-Ārifīn for several centuries. The most important influences upon Rumi, (written between 1318 and 1353). besides his father, were the This hagiographical account of his Persian poets Attar and Sanai. biography needs to be treated with Rumi expresses his appreciation: care as it contains both legends and "Attar was the spirit, Sanai his eyes facts about Rumi.For example, twain, And in time thereafter, Professor Franklin Lewis, University Came we in their train" and of Chicago, in the most complete mentions in another poem: "Attar biography on Rumi has a separate has section for the hagiographical traversed the seven cities of Love, biography on Rumi and actual We are still at the turn of one biography about him. street". His father was also Rumi's father was Bahā ud-Dīn connected to the spiritual lineage Walad, a theologian, jurist and a of Najm al-Din Kubra. mystic from Balkh, who was also He lived most of his life under the known by the followers of Rumi as Persianate Seljuq Sultanate of Rum, Sultan al-Ulama or "Sultan of the where he produced his works and Scholars". The popular died in 1273 AD. He was buried in hagiographer assertions that have Konya and his shrine became a claimed the family's descent from place of pilgrimage. Following his the Caliph Abu Bakr does not hold death, his followers and his son on closer examination and is Sultan Walad founded the Mevlevi rejected by modern scholars.The Order, also known as the Order of claim of maternal descent from the the Whirling Dervishes, famous for Khwarazmshah for Rumi or his its Sufi dance known as the Sama father is also seen as a nonceremony. He was laid to rest historical hagiographical tradition beside his father, and over his designed to connect the family with remains a splendid shrine was royalty, Jurists. erected.

but this claim is rejected for chronological and historical reasons.The most complete genealogy offered for the family stretches back to six or seven generations to famous Hanafi We do not learn the name of Baha al-Din's mother in the sources, but only that he referred to her as "Māmi" (Colloquial Persian for Māma)and that she was a simple woman and that she lived in the 13th century.

The mother of Rumi was Mu'mina Khātūn. The profession of the family for several generations was that of Islamic preachers of the liberal Hanafi rite and this family tradition was continued by Rumi (see his Fihi Ma Fih and Seven Sermons) and Sultan Walad (see Ma'rif Waladi for examples of his everyday sermons and lectures).

When the Mongols invaded Central Asia sometime between 1215 and 1220, Baha ud-Din Walad, with his whole family and a group of disciples, set out westwards.

According to hagiographical account which is not agreed upon

by all Rumi scholars, Rumi encountered one of the most famous mystic Persian poets, Attar, in the Iranian city of Nishapur, located in the province of Khorāsān. Attar immediately recognized Rumi's spiritual eminence. He saw the father walking ahead of the son and said, "Here comes a sea followed by an ocean. He gave the boy his Asrārnāma, a book about the entanglement of the soul in the material world. This meeting had a deep impact on the eighteen-yearold Rumi and later on became the inspiration for his works.

From Nishapur, Walad and his entourage set out for Baghdad, meeting many of the scholars and Sufis of the city. From Baghdad they went to Hejaz and performed the pilgrimage at Mecca.

The migrating caravan then passed through Damascus, Malatya, Erzincan, Sivas, Kayseri and Nigde. They finally settled in Karaman for seven years; Rumi's mother and brother both died there. In 1225, Rumi married Gowhar Khatun in Karaman. They had two sons: Sultan Walad and Ala-eddin Chalabi. When his wife died, Rumi married again and had a son, Amir Alim Chalabi, and a daughter, Malakeh Khatun.

On 1 May 1228, most likely as a result of the insistent invitation of 'Alā' ud-Dīn Key-Qobād, ruler of Anatolia, Baha' ud-Din came and finally settled in Konya in Anatolia within the westernmost territories of the Seljuk Sultanate of Rûm.

Baha' ud-Din became the head of a madrassa (religious school) and when he died, Rumi, aged twenty-five, inherited his position as the Islamic molvi. One of Baha' ud-Din's students, Sayyed Burhan ud-Din Muhaqqiq Termazi, continued to train Rumi in the Shariah as well as the Tariqa, especially that of Rumi's father. For nine years, Rumi practised Sufism as a disciple of Burhan ud-Din until

the latter died in 1240 or 1241.

Rumi's public life then began: he became an Islamic Jurist, issuing fatwas and giving sermons in the mosques of Konya. He also served as a Molvi (Islamic teacher) and taught his adherents in the madrassa.

During this period, Rumi also travelled to Damascus and is said to have spent four years there.

It was his meeting with the dervish Shams-e Tabrizi on 15 November 1244 that completely changed his life. From an accomplished teacher and jurist, Rumi was transformed into an ascetic.

Shams had travelled throughout the Middle East searching and praying for someone who could "endure my company". A voice said to him, "What will you give in return?" Shams replied, "My head!"

The voice then said, "The one you seek is Jalal ud-Din of Konya." On the night of 5 December 1248, as Rumi and Shams were talking,

Shams was called to the back door.

He went out, never to be seen again. It is rumoured that Shams was murdered with the connivance of Rumi's son, 'Ala' ud-Din; if so, Shams indeed gave his head for the privilege of mystical friendship.

Rumi's love for, and his bereavement at the death of, Shams found their expression in an outpouring of lyric poems, Divan-e Shams-e Tabrizi.

He himself went out searching for Shams and journeyed again to Damascus. There, he realised: Why should I seek? I am the same as

companion. One day, the two of them were wandering through the Meram vineyards outside Konya when Hussam described to Rumi an idea he had had: "If you were to write a book like the Ilāhīnāma of Sanai or the Mantiq ut-Tayr of 'Attar, it would become the companion of many troubadours.

They would fill their hearts from your work and compose music to accompany it." Rumi smiled and took out a piece of paper on which were written the opening eighteen lines of his Masnavi, beginning with: Listen to the reed and the tale it tells, How it sings of separation...

He. His essence speaks through Hussam implored Rumi to write me. more. Rumi spent the next twelve I have been looking for myself! years of his life in Anatolia dictating the six volumes of this masterwork, Mewlana had been spontaneously the Masnavi, to Hussam. composing ghazals (Persian poems), and these had been In December 1273, Rumi fell ill; he collected in the Divan-i Kabir or predicted his own death and Diwan Shams Tabrizi. Rumi found composed the well-known ghazal, another companion in Salaḥ udwhich begins with the verse: Din-e Zarkub, a goldsmith. After Salah ud-Din's death, Rumi's scribe and favourite student, Hussam-e Chalabi, assumed the role of Rumi's

How doest thou know what sort of this day to draw pilgrims from all king I have within me as parts of the Muslim and noncompanion?

Muslim world. Jalal al-Din who is also known as Rumi, was a Do not cast thy glance upon my philosopher and mystic of Islam. His golden face, for I have iron legs. doctrine advocates unlimited tolerance, positive reasoning, Rumi died on 17 December 1273 goodness, charity and awareness in Konya; through love. To him and to his his body was interred beside that disciples all religions are more or of his father, and a splendid shrine, less truth. Looking with the same eye on Muslim, Jew and Christian the Yeşil Türbe (Green Tomb, ‫قبه‬ alike, his peaceful and tolerant ‎;‫الخضراء‬today the Mevlâna Museum), was erected over his teaching has appealed to people of place of burial. all sects and creeds.

His epitaph reads: When we are dead, seek not our tomb in the earth,

but find it in the hearts of men.

Georgian Queen Gürcü Hatun was a patron and a close friend of Rumi.

She was the one who sponsored the construction of his tomb in Konya. The 13th century Mevlâna Mausoleum, with its mosque, dance hall, dervish living quarters, school and tombs of some leaders of the Mevlevi Order, continues to

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