AT3.1 John Hope Building by Bradley McArdle

Architectural Technology 3.1

John Hope Gateway Royal Botanical Gardens, Edinburgh

Sam Hayes 33241624 Aaron Morris 33250666 Yuen Chak Ngai 33242502 Daniel Whelan 33245349 Brad McArdle 33255523 Jan Harmens 33254426 Christopher Pepper 33250999 Stewart Craven 33259578

introduction

Building: John Hope Gateway. Client: Royal Botanical Gardens. Location: Edinburgh, Scotland. Architect: Edward Cullinan Architects. Contractor: Xircon. Completion: 2009. Value: ÂŁ10,700,000.

introduction

The John Hope Gateway is home to Edinburghâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s botanical gardens. Building was designed by Edward Cullinan Architects and was completed in 2009. The building is situated to the north of Edinburgh city centre. The building beautifully fits into its surrounding environment making for a stunning link between nature and architecture. A sustainable, low-energy, minimum-waste approach to the building's design became part of the message the Garden wished to convey to its visitors. The Gateway has many demonstrable environmental solutions, including a biomass boiler, a green roof, rainwater harvesting, a wind turbine, natural ventilation and passive night-time cooling.

KLH cross-laminated timber panels

KLH by the nature of its product, is a specialist in sustainable construction. The cross laminated timber is produced from spruce and fir trees. They do not release co2 in production and can be recycled and reused to make other forms of timber panels.

Much of the by-product is used to manufacture our own biomass pellets which generate heat / power in the KLH factory, with the excess being sold to local CHP plants.

KLH cross-laminated timber panels

Using KLH timber panels do not just create environmental benefits, but it can also save the cost of the building. -Lighter structure, more economic design of the substructure and foundations (less concrete) - Reduction on the the thickness of the transfer slab(less concrete) - Prelims can be reduced due to the shortened construction programme

- Programming can be enhanced. E.g. pre-ordering windows, will be delivered to site.

Exploration of the cross-laminated timber panels

Cross-laminated timber (KLH) is produced from spruce strips that are stacked crosswise on top of each other and glued to each other. Depending on the purpose and static requirement, the plates are available in 3, 5, 7 or more board layers

Exploration of the cross-laminated timber panels

Compared to conventional timber construction products, cross-laminated timber offers entirely new possibilities when it comes to load transfer. Not only can loads be transferred in one direction but on all sides.

Exploration of the cross-laminated timber panels

The crossways arrangement of the longitudinal and crosswise lamellas reduces the swelling and shrinkage in the board plane to an insignificant minimum - static strength and shape retention increase considerably.

Exploration of the cross-laminated timber panels

The KLH Massivholz GmbH factories in Austria, cutting and beaming of KLH solid cross laminated timber boards takes place using state-ofthe-art CNC technology.

Exploration of the cross-laminated timber panels

Because of the cross-lamination timber , the KLH panels are stronger than conventional wood products.

KLH cross-laminated timber panels

The CO2 is absorbed by the trees, and the carbon is stored and oxygen been released. With 1m続 of KLH panels will have approx 240-250kg of "locked-in" carbon. The John Hope Gateway Biodiversity Centre has used 674m続 of KLH timber, which has locked 161760-168500kg of carbon.

Structure in plan

Ground floor plan Single height columns

Structure in plan

Ground floor plan Double height columns

Structure in plan

Ground floor plan Load bearing masonry

Structure in plan

First floor plan Double storey columns

Structure in plan

First floor plan Load bearing masonry

Structural System â&#x20AC;&#x201C; Primary & secondary

Longitudinal section A-A

Cross section B-B

1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

Concrete pad foundations Concrete/Dolomite Floor Cold rolled mild steel columns First floor KLH beams Diagonal roof bracing

B A

Structural System â&#x20AC;&#x201C; Primary & secondary

Longitudinal section

Cross section

1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

Concrete pad foundations Concrete/Dolomite Floor Cold rolled mild steel columns First floor KLH beams Diagonal roof bracing

Structural System â&#x20AC;&#x201C; Primary & secondary

Longitudinal section

Cross section

1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

Concrete pad foundations Concrete/Dolomite Floor Cold rolled mild steel columns First floor KLH beams Diagonal roof bracing

Structural System â&#x20AC;&#x201C; Primary & secondary

Longitudinal section

Cross section

1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

Concrete pad foundations Concrete/Dolomite Floor Cold rolled mild steel columns First floor KLH beams Diagonal roof bracing

Structural System â&#x20AC;&#x201C; Primary & secondary

Longitudinal section

Cross section

1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

Concrete pad foundations Concrete/Dolomite Floor Cold rolled mild steel columns First floor KLH beams Diagonal roof bracing

Structural System â&#x20AC;&#x201C; Primary & secondary

Longitudinal section

Cross section

1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

Concrete pad foundations Concrete/Dolomite Floor Cold rolled mild steel columns First floor KLH beams Diagonal roof bracing

Structural System â&#x20AC;&#x201C; Foundation plate Steel base plate - The steel base plate is set into the concrete pad - Hessian sacks allow for tolerances needed when the column is introduced later on

Structural System â&#x20AC;&#x201C; Foundation plate Shuttering - Ply shuttering is put up around the base plate so the next layers of concrete do not come in contact with steel

Structural System â&#x20AC;&#x201C; Foundation plate Floor construction -The floor is built up around the shuttering -The column is not put in place until the top layer of concrete has dried through

Structural System â&#x20AC;&#x201C; Foundation plate Column connection -The main column slots over the base plate - The hessian sacks under the base plate allow for slight movement of the column

Structural System â&#x20AC;&#x201C; Foundation plate Grout - Grout is applied around the base plate to create a solid connection

Structural System â&#x20AC;&#x201C; Foundation plate Concrete back fill - The remaining gap is backfilled with concrete once the column is in the correct position

Structural System â&#x20AC;&#x201C; Column build up

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.

Inner supports Main column Top column connection Base connection First floor connection Flitch plate

Structural System â&#x20AC;&#x201C; Column build up

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.

Inner supports Main column Top column connection Base connection First floor connection Flitch plate

-The inner supports prevent the column from warping - There are a total of 4 cross sections - The gap in the middle is for the later first floor connection plate

Structural System â&#x20AC;&#x201C; Column build up

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.

Inner supports Main column Top column connection Base connection First floor connection Flitch plate

- The outer L plates are welded onto the inner supports - These will be done to a high tolerance to ensure that when they arrive on site they can be put in place quickly

Structural System â&#x20AC;&#x201C; Column build up

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.

Inner supports Main column Top column connection Base connection First floor connection Flitch plate

Structural System â&#x20AC;&#x201C; Column build up

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.

Inner supports Main column Top column connection Base connection First floor connection Flitch plate

-The top connection plate welds into the column

Structural System â&#x20AC;&#x201C; Column build up

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.

Inner supports Main column Top column connection Base connection First floor connection Flitch plate

Structural System â&#x20AC;&#x201C; Column build up

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.

Inner supports Main column Top column connection Base connection First floor connection Flitch plate

-The bottom connection is welded onto the column

Structural System â&#x20AC;&#x201C; Column build up

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.

Inner supports Main column Top column connection Base connection First floor connection Flitch plate

Structural System â&#x20AC;&#x201C; Column build up

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.

Inner supports Main column Top column connection Base connection First floor connection Flitch plate

-The first floor connection plate should just slot through the column and be welded to the existing structure

Structural System â&#x20AC;&#x201C; Column build up

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.

Inner supports Main column Top column connection Base connection First floor connection Flitch plate

Structural System â&#x20AC;&#x201C; Column build up

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.

Inner supports Main column Top column connection Base connection First floor connection Flitch plate

-The flitch plate slots though the top welded connection -This is again welded to the existing column

Structural System â&#x20AC;&#x201C; Column build up

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.

Inner supports Main column Top column connection Base connection First floor connection Flitch plate

Structural System Pad foundation -The pad foundation is cast with the connection plate inside it - Any required movement in the base plate is accommodated by the hessian sacks

Structural System Shuttering - Ply shuttering is put up around the base plate so the next layers of concrete do not come in contact with steel

Structural System Dolomite layer -Dolomite is the first layer to be poured on site - 200mm thick

Structural System Blinding layer -A thin blinding layer is cast to seal the lower levels

Structural System Concrete layer - A concrete base is poured for the main floor structure - 150mm thick

Structural System DPM -The damp proof membrane is laid over the concrete

Structural System Insulation -Rigid insulation is placed over the DPM layer - 100mm thick

Structural System Final concrete layer -The top layer of concrete is polished to make it aesthetically pleasing - 100mm thick

Structural System Main column -The main columns are now introduced on site once the floor build up is complete - These columns can be slightly altered due to hessian sacks in the foundations

Structural System Concrete backfill -Once the column has been welded in place, concrete is poured to secure the column

Structural System First floor beams - Paired 210mm x 815mm gluelam beams are lifted between the columns - There are two different sizes in columns

Structural System First floor beams - Steel bolts are then put through both beams and the central connection plate - Total of 18 bolts hold both beams in place

Structural System KLH floor panels - The KLH floor panels are now lifted and dropped in place individually - Each panel is 2m x 6m - 226mm thick

Structural System KLH floor panels - The KLH floor panels are now lifted and dropped in place individually -Each panel is 2m x 6m - 226mm thick

Structural System Top flitch plate - Now that the first floor is in, the top flitch plate can be prepped to receive the roof beams

Structural System Roof beams - Each beam is exactly the same as tapers from 1035mm to 500mm - A slot is cut from the larger end to receive the flitch plate

Structural System Roof beams - M24 bolts go through the beams and the connection plate to secure the beams in place - There are 24 bolts in total holding each beam

Structural System Connection plates - Each connection plate, connects four different beams together

Structural System Connection plates - The arrangement of the bolts helps visitors understand the structure; a circular arrangement indicates a rotational force or movement while a vertical arrangement indicates a vertical force or shear.

Structural System KLH roof panels - The roof panels are also made of KLH panels - 2m x 6m - 226mm thick

Live Loads

Load Paths: A Live Load in the Office Space. The Occupier

Live Loads

Gravity Exerts a Vertical Load on the First Floor

Live Loads

Gravity Exerts a Vertical Load on the First Floor Where the Seven Laminations of 42mm Thick KLH Panels form a stable platform

Live Loads

Gravity Exerts a Vertical Load on the First Floor Where the Seven Laminations of 42mm Thick KLH Panels form a stable platform And Distributes the Load Evenly Across the Panels

Live Loads

Gravity Exerts a Vertical Load on the First Floor Where the Seven Laminations of 42mm Thick KLH Panels form a stable platform And Distributes the Load Evenly Across the Panels To 855mm Thick Beams

Live Loads

Gravity Exerts a Vertical Load on the First Floor Where the Seven Laminations of 42mm Thick KLH Panels form a stable platform And Distributes the Load Evenly Across the Panels To 855mm Thick Beams Which Connect to and Transfer the Load to Columns Laid on a 6m by 8m Grid And then Delivers the Load to a Composite Pad and Raft Foundation

Live Loads

Dead Loads

Load Paths: A Dead Load on the Roof. The Skylight

Dead Loads

The Mass of the Skylight Exerts a Force

Dead Loads

The Mass of the Skylight Exerts a Force Onto the Diagonal Grid Roof Beams,

Dead Loads

The Mass of the Skylight Exerts a Force Onto the Diagonal Grid Roof Beams Which Transfer the Load onto the Flitch Plate of the Columns

Dead Loads

The Mass of the Skylight Exerts a Force Onto the Diagonal Grid Roof Beams Which Transfer the Load onto the Flitch Plate of the Columns And Turns the Horizontal force into a Vertical Force

Dead Loads

The Mass of the Skylight Exerts a Force Onto the Diagonal Grid Roof Beams Which Transfers the Load onto the Flitch Plate of the Columns And Turns the Horizontal force into a Vertical Force That Then Travels Down the Columns

Dead Loads

The Mass of the Skylight Exerts a Force Onto the Diagonal Grid Roof Beams Which Transfer the Load onto the Flitch Plate of the Columns And Turns the Horizontal force into a Vertical Force That Then Travels Down the Columns And Into the Pad and Raft Composite Foundation

Dead Loads

Construction build-up Basement floor -In-situ concrete is cast for the basement floor - 250mm thick

Construction build-up Basement walls -In-situ concrete walls are cast using plyboard shuttering - 250mm thick

Construction build-up Basement ceiling construction - Acroprops are put in place the support the shuttering for the ceiling poor

Construction build-up Concrete roof shuttering - Plyboard is layered to create the shuttering

Construction build-up Basement roof - 250mm thick pre-cast concrete slabs

Construction build-up Site backfill - Once the basement concrete panels have been positioned , the basement excavation is backfilled

Construction build-up Pad foundations - As a result of good load bearing underlying strata, pad foundations were the most suitable choice of main foundation - The pad foundations are positioned on a 6m x 8m grid which is shared by the primary structural system -There are two sizes of pad foundations. The larger 1500mm x 1500mm x 800mm pads support the primary structural steel columns whereas the smaller 1200mm x 1200mm x 800mm pads support the wooden cladding facade and atrium area

Construction build-up Alternative foundations -Raft foundations were used in areas of load bearing capacity such as the entrance and structural cores - Strip foundations were used for elongated load bearing retaining walls at the rear of the building

Construction build-up Shuttering - The foundation perimeter is encased with ply board shuttering

Construction build-up Dolomite/hardcore layer -A 200mm thick compacted dolomite is poured around the plyboard shuttering

Construction build-up Blinding/screed layer - A 6mm blinding layer is poured to fill and cracks and gaps within the dolomite to prevent water causing a freeze thaw effect which ultimately prevents cracking within the dolomite and concrete foundations

Construction build-up Concrete - A concrete layer is poured over reinforced steel re-bar which together act as a composite layer to help distribute uneven loads - The concrete is 150mm thick and completes the structural foundations

Construction build-up DPC - The damp proof course is laid over the entire length of the concrete for waterproofing purposes

Construction build-up Insulation - 100mm thick Kingspan rockwool insulation is laid

Construction build-up Under floor heating - Polybutylene piping is laid out over the insulation in isolation zones to allow different areas of the building to be heated individually

Construction build-up Polished concrete -A 100mm thick layer of concrete with marble veneer finish to complete the finished floor level of 600mm

Construction build-up Remove shuttering - Now that the floor build up is complete the shuttering can be removed

Construction build-up Single storey columns - 12 columns are welded into position, attached to the pad foundations . The steel work will start in one corner and progress across site to add strength during the construction sequence

Construction build-up Entrance columns - Full height cold rolled mild steel including flitch plates are erected in the atrium area due to full height uninterrupted nature

Construction build-up Load bearing masonry - Along steel work a group of brick layers will start laying load bearing masonry

Construction build-up First floor beams - First floor beams are introduced while steel beams are still being erected to provide lateral strength during the build process to withstand wind loading

Construction build-up Continuation of columns and beams - Steel and load bearing masonry progress

Construction build-up Continuation of columns, beams and advanced brickwork

Construction build-up Continuation of columns and beams - Steel and load bearing masonry progress

Construction build-up Completion of columns and beams - Steel and load bearing masonry progress

Construction build-up Advanced ramp brickwork and pond concrete - The load bearings areas are completed with cavity and window and door openings - Wet tradesman will then start laying the in-situ concrete retaining walls for the water feature

Construction build-up KLH floor panels - 2m x 6m KLH panels are added to provide horizontal support during construction

Construction build-up Diagonal roof bracing - The diaconal roof bracing is erected in a similar fashion to the columns by building from a corner and progressing across the building

Construction build-up Continuation of diagonal roof bracing - Diagonal roof bracing progress

Construction build-up KLH roof panels -Each KLH panel has seven laminate layers totalling 226mm thick and are 2m x 6m - The KLH panels span a total of 100m x 50m

Construction build-up Entrance columns - Atrium glazing framework connected to steel base plates which connect to concrete raft foundations

Construction build-up Lower cladding - Lower cladding is constructed of 3000mm x 250mm x 50mm stained Scots Pine

Construction build-up Intermediate cladding -Intermediate cladding is constructed of 3000mm x 250mm x 50mm dark stained Scots Pine -- Complete with internal window glazing and 1100mm tall vertical louvre system

Construction build-up Final cladding -Final cladding is constructed of 3000mm x 250mm x 50mm stained Scots Pine and forms the structural basis of the roof parapett

Construction build-up Zinc roof -Zinc flashing completes the wooden cladding by providing a waterproof layer for the parapett roof - A zinc roof is added to toilets complete with aluminium grey water storage sistern

DPC

Construction build-up

Construction build-up Insulation - 100mm thick rigid insulation

Construction build-up Concrete tray - A corrugated 12mm thick 100mm riveted concrete in-filled tray is constructed

Construction build-up Sedum bedding tray - Several containment trays are formed as part of the Sedum roof

Construction build-up Soil - Compacted aerated soil is filled to accommodate Sedum layer

Construction build-up Pebbles - A layer of medium to fine course pebbles surround the soil filled containment rays to provide increased drainage

Construction build-up Soffit - A finishing layer of wood encases and waterproofs the roof build up

Construction build-up ETFE roof skylights -Steel framework, timber batons, plastic window frames, glazing and ETFE skylight roofing are added along with remaining windows to weather proof the building

Construction build-up Glazing - By starting the construction in January the building was weatherproof by the start of next winter, allowing for internal walls and first fix progression while construction is not viable due to weather

Construction build-up Sedum roof - The Sedum roof is used as a dual purpose facility, it is a lightweight, cheap and efficient insulation layer. It also collects a larger volume of water for the grey water system

CafĂŠ area section

1) Pad foundations and columns

CafĂŠ area section

1) Pad foundations and columns 2) Insulation bracket

CafĂŠ area section

1) Pad foundations and columns 2) Insulation bracket 3) Below slab insulation

CafĂŠ area section

1) 2) 3) 4)

Pad foundations and columns Insulation bracket Below slab insulation Ground loadbearing slab

CafĂŠ area section

1) 2) 3) 4) 5)

Pad foundations and columns Insulation bracket Below slab insulation Ground loadbearing slab Slip membrane

CafĂŠ area section

1) 2) 3) 4) 5) 6)

Pad foundations and columns Insulation bracket Below slab insulation Ground loadbearing slab Slip membrane Concrete topping

CafĂŠ area section

1) 2) 3) 4) 5) 6) 7)

Pad foundations and columns Insulation bracket Below slab insulation Ground loadbearing slab Slip membrane Concrete topping Insulation RWP

Café area section

CafĂŠ area section

1) 2) 3) 4) 5) 6) 7) 8)

Pad foundations and columns Insulation bracket Below slab insulation Ground loadbearing slab Slip membrane Concrete topping Insulation RWP In situ concrete

CafĂŠ area section

1) 2) 3) 4) 5) 6) 7) 8) 9)

Pad foundations and columns Insulation bracket Below slab insulation Ground loadbearing slab Slip membrane Concrete topping Insulation RWP In situ concrete Insulation

CafĂŠ area section

1) Pad foundations and columns 2) Insulation bracket 3) Below slab insulation 4) Ground loadbearing slab 5) Slip membrane 6) Concrete topping 7) Insulation RWP 8) In situ concrete 9) Insulation 10) Breather membrane 11) Engineering blocks 12) Stone wall 13) Floor beams 14) Cross laminated timber panel 15) Single poly membrane 16) Beam 17) Beam fixing 18) Beam 19) Under floor heating 20) Raised timber floor 21) Column 22) Timber decking 23) Pressed metal insulated panel 24) Glass 25) Pressed metal insulation pad

CafĂŠ area section

Typical wall section 1) Concrete base

Typical wall section

1) Concrete base 2) Pad foundations

Typical wall section

1) Concrete base 2) Pad foundations 3) Load bearing slab

Typical wall section

1) 2) 3) 4)

Concrete base Pad foundations Load bearing slab Engineer blocks

Typical wall section

1) 2) 3) 4) 5)

Concrete base Pad foundations Load bearing slab Engineer blocks Foundation casing

Typical wall section

1) 2) 3) 4) 5) 6)

Concrete base Pad foundations Load bearing slab Engineer blocks Foundation casing Waterproof membrane

Typical wall section

1) 2) 3) 4) 5) 6) 7)

Concrete base Pad foundations Load bearing slab Engineer blocks Foundation casing Waterproof membrane Concrete slab

Typical wall section

1) 2) 3) 4) 5) 6) 7) 8)

Concrete base Pad foundations Load bearing slab Engineer blocks Foundation casing Waterproof membrane Concrete slab Slot drain

Typical wall section

1) 2) 3) 4) 5) 6) 7) 8) 9)

Concrete base Pad foundations Load bearing slab Engineer blocks Foundation casing Waterproof membrane Concrete slab Slot drain Insulation

Typical wall section

1) Concrete base 2) Pad foundations 3) Load bearing slab 4) Engineer blocks 5) Foundation casing 6) Waterproof membrane 7) Concrete slab 8) Slot drain 9) Insulation 10) Faรงade fixtures

Typical wall section

1) Concrete base 2) Pad foundations 3) Load bearing slab 4) Engineer blocks 5) Foundation casing 6) Waterproof membrane 7) Concrete slab 8) Slot drain 9) Insulation 10) Faรงade fixtures 11) Breather membrane 12) Laminated timber panel 13) Horizontal timber element 14) Laminated timber panel 15) Cross laminated timber floor 16) Slotted MS cleat 17) Insulation 18) Laminated timber panel 19) Vertical timber stud 20) Cavity 21) Vertical sawn larch cladding 22) 2x plasterboard and vapour barrier 23) Insulation and laminated timber panel 24) Vertical timber stud

Typical wall section

Glass entrance section 1) Concrete base

Glass entrance section

1) Concrete base 2) Pebble marble surface

Glass entrance section

1) Concrete base 2) Pebble marble surface 3) Cold rolled mild steel column

Glass entrance section

1) 2) 3) 4)

Concrete base Pebble marble surface Cold rolled mild steel column Marble veneered concrete

Glass entrance section

1) 2) 3) 4) 5)

Concrete base Pebble marble surface Cold rolled mild steel column Marble veneered concrete Chanel framed single glazed window

Glass entrance section

1) 2) 3) 4) 5) 6)

Concrete base Pebble marble surface Cold rolled mild steel column Marble veneered concrete Chanel framed single glazed window Cross laminated timber panels

Glass entrance section

1) 2) 3) 4) 5) 6) 7)

Concrete base Pebble marble surface Cold rolled mild steel column Marble veneered concrete Chanel framed single glazed window Cross laminated timber panels Laminated timber panel

Glass entrance section

1) 2) 3) 4) 5) 6) 7) 8)

Concrete base Pebble marble surface Cold rolled mild steel column Marble veneered concrete Chanel framed single glazed window Cross laminated timber panels Laminated timber panel Insulation

Glass entrance section

1) 2) 3) 4) 5) 6) 7) 8) 9)

Concrete base Pebble marble surface Cold rolled mild steel column Marble veneered concrete Chanel framed single glazed window Cross laminated timber panels Laminated timber panel Insulation Laminated timber panel

Glass entrance section

1) 2) 3) 4) 5) 6) 7) 8) 9)

Glass entrance section

1) Concrete base 2) Pebble marble surface 3) Cold rolled mild steel column 4) Marble veneered concrete 5) Chanel framed single glazed window 6) Cross laminated timber panels 7) Laminated timber panel 8) Insulation 9) Laminated timber panel 10) Sedum tray 11) Automatic opening vent columns 12) Insulation 13) Pressed aluminium gutter with down pipes

Glass entrance section

Fire Strategy

Ground Floor Plan

Fire Strategy

Ground Floor Plan Fire Exits Doors in the fire cores are held open on electro-magnetic devices -these devices had not yet been activated when we visited. Sliding doors in the entrance and back of the building are fall safe automatic doors with a â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;break-outâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; facility.

Fire Strategy

Ground Floor Plan Other Exits

Fire Strategy

Ground Floor Plan Capacity of Each Space

Fire Strategy

Ground Floor Plan Fire Cores

Fire Strategy

Ground Floor Plan Fire Travel Distances The maximum travelling distance should be 42.5meters as the building is public visitors centre

47m

39m

30m

17m

Fire Strategy

Ground Floor Plan Area Outside Fire Travel Distances The space outside the fire travel distance was allowed as a timber downstand beam was put within the ceiling which will form a smoke reservoir. Therefore occupants can escape via a smoke free reservoir.

Fire Strategy

Ground Floor Plan Exits to Assembly Points

Fire Strategy

Ground Floor Plan Assembly Points

Fire Strategy

Ground Floor Plan Fire Zone 1

Fire Strategy

Ground Floor Plan Fire Zone 2

Fire Strategy

Ground Floor Plan Fire Zone 3

Fire Strategy

Ground Floor Plan Fire Zone 4

Fire Strategy

Ground Floor Plan Fire Zone 5

Fire Strategy

Ground Floor Plan 60 min Protected Zone

Fire Strategy

Ground Floor Plan 60 min Protected Walls and Doors

Fire Strategy

Ground Floor Plan 30 min Protected Walls and Doors

Fire Strategy

Ground Floor Plan Access For Emergency Services

Fire Strategy

Ground Floor Plan Emergency Services Turning Circles These must be a minimum of 14m in diameter.

Fire Strategy

Ground Floor Plan Smoke Detectors and Sprinklers

Fire Strategy

First Floor Plan

Fire Strategy

First Floor Plan Fire Exits

Fire Strategy

First Floor Plan Other Exits

Fire Strategy

First Floor Plan Capacity of Each Space

Fire Strategy

First Floor Plan Fire Cores

Fire Strategy

First Floor Plan Fire Travel Distances

16m

28m 37m 16m

Fire Strategy

First Floor Plan Fire Zone 1

Fire Strategy

First Floor Plan Fire Zone 2

Fire Strategy

First Floor Plan Fire Zone 3

Fire Strategy

First Floor Plan Fire Zone 4

Fire Strategy

First Floor Plan Fire Zone 5

Fire Strategy

First Floor Plan 60 min Protected Zone

Fire Strategy

First Floor Plan 60 min Protected Walls and Doors

Fire Strategy

First Floor Plan 30 min Protected Walls and Doors

Fire Strategy

First Floor Plan Smoke Detectors and Sprinklers

Fire Strategy

First Floor Plan Hazardous Zone The kitchen

Solar Analysis

Sunshine Duration Averages: Spring:

Summer: Average Values (Hours)

Average Values (Hours)

> 480 460 - 480 440 - 460 420 - 440 400 - 420 380 - 400 380 - 380 340 - 360 < 340

Autumn:

> 640 600 - 640 560 - 600 520 - 560 480 - 520 440 - 480 400 - 440 360 - 400 < 360

Winter: Average Values (Hours) > 320 300 - 320 280 - 300 260 - 280 240 - 260 220 - 240 200 - 220 180 - 200 < 180

Average Values (Hours) > 170 160 - 170 150 - 160 140 - 150 130 - 140 120 - 130 110 - 120 100 - 110 < 100

Solar Analysis

Temperature Averages:

Extreme Min and Max Temperature Degrees Celsius:

Average Min and Max Temperature Degrees Celsius: 25

-05

-10

-15

-20

-25

-25 Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sept

Oct

Nov

Dec

Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sept

The general solar analysis shows that the site averages temperatures above 0 degrees Celsius throughout the year Occasional extreme temperatures may occur and the building should factor in these extremes Advantages: The relatively steady temperature should inform accurate predictions for building systems Disadvantages: the occasional extreme temperature could occur and preparations for such days should be factored

Oct

Nov

Dec

Solar Analysis

Shadow Study: 9.00, March

There are no man-made structure casting shadow onto the building. The shadowing of the building is only affected by itself and the foliage around it in the garden

Solar Analysis

Shadow Study: 12.00, March

There are no man-made structure casting shadow onto the building. The shadowing of the building is only affected by itself and the foliage around it in the garden

Solar Analysis

Shadow Study: 15.00, March

There are no man-made structure casting shadow onto the building. The shadowing of the building is only affected by itself and the foliage around it in the garden

Solar Analysis

Shadow Study: 18.00, March

There are no man-made structure casting shadow onto the building. The shadowing of the building is only affected by itself and the foliage around it in the garden

Solar Analysis

Shadow Study: 9.00, July

There are no man-made structure casting shadow onto the building. The shadowing of the building is only affected by itself and the foliage around it in the garden

Solar Analysis

Shadow Study: 12.00, July

There are no man-made structure casting shadow onto the building. The shadowing of the building is only affected by itself and the foliage around it in the garden

Solar Analysis

Shadow Study: 15.00, July

There are no man-made structure casting shadow onto the building. The shadowing of the building is only affected by itself and the foliage around it in the garden

Solar Analysis

Shadow Study: 18.00, July

There are no man-made structure casting shadow onto the building. The shadowing of the building is only affected by itself and the foliage around it in the garden

Solar Analysis

Shadow Study: 9.00, September

There are no man-made structure casting shadow onto the building. The shadowing of the building is only affected by itself and the foliage around it in the garden

Solar Analysis

Shadow Study: 12.00, September

There are no man-made structure casting shadow onto the building. The shadowing of the building is only affected by itself and the foliage around it in the garden

Solar Analysis

Shadow Study: 15.00, September

There are no man-made structure casting shadow onto the building. The shadowing of the building is only affected by itself and the foliage around it in the garden

Solar Analysis

Shadow Study: 18.00, September

There are no man-made structure casting shadow onto the building. The shadowing of the building is only affected by itself and the foliage around it in the garden

Solar Analysis

Shadow Study: 9.00, December

There are no man-made structure casting shadow onto the building. The shadowing of the building is only affected by itself and the foliage around it in the garden

Solar Analysis

Shadow Study: 12.00, December

There are no man-made structure casting shadow onto the building. The shadowing of the building is only affected by itself and the foliage around it in the garden

Solar Analysis

Shadow Study: 15.00, December

There are no man-made structure casting shadow onto the building. The shadowing of the building is only affected by itself and the foliage around it in the garden

Solar Analysis

Shadow Study: 18.00, December

There are no man-made structure casting shadow onto the building. The shadowing of the building is only affected by itself and the foliage around it in the garden

Wind Analysis

Mean Wind Speed Averages:

Summer:

Winter: Average Values (Knots) > 25 20 - 25 15 - 20 10 - 15 8 - 10 6- 8 <6

Average Values (Knots) > 25 20 - 25 15 - 20 10 - 15 8 - 10 6- 8 <6

The wind analysis shows that the site may experience winds which average 10-25 knots throughout the year Advantages: strong winds can be used by wind turbines to generate power Disadvantages: the shape of the building may cause adverse wind deflections

Wind Analysis

Month By Month: Jan:

Feb:

Mar:

Apr:

May:

June:

July:

Aug:

Sept:

Oct:

Nov:

Dec:

Wind Analysis

Year Overall: N

The wind analysis shows that the site may experience strong winds, predominantly from the north-east and south-west

Wind Analysis

Wind Channels:

The large trees around the site can channel the wind into narrow spaces and increase wind forces and speed

Wind Analysis

South West:

Strong winds often approach the site from the south-west

Wind Analysis

South West:

1. Winds approach from the south-west

Wind Analysis

South West:

1. Winds approach from the south-west 2. As wind is forced through channels speeds increase

Wind Analysis

South West:

1. Winds approach from the south-west 2. As wind is forced through channels speeds increase

Wind Analysis

South West:

1. Winds approach from the south-west 2. As wind is forced through channels speeds increase 3. Wind disperses into more open ground

Wind Analysis

South West:

As the wind passes by the large trees areas of negative pressure Positive pressure Negative pressure

Wind Analysis

South West:

As the wind passes by the large trees areas of negative pressure Positive pressure Negative pressure

Wind Analysis

South West:

As the wind passes by the large trees areas of negative pressure Positive pressure Negative pressure

Wind Analysis

South West:

As the wind passes by the large trees areas of negative pressure Positive pressure Negative pressure

Wind Analysis

North East:

Strong winds often approach the site from the north-east

Wind Analysis

North East:

1. Winds approach from the north-east

Wind Analysis

North East:

1. Winds approach from the north-east 2. As wind is forced through channels speeds increase

Wind Analysis

North East:

1. Winds approach from the north-east 2. As wind is forced through channels speeds increase

Wind Analysis

North East:

1. Winds approach from the north-east 2. As wind is forced through channels speeds increase 3. Wind disperses into more open ground

Wind Analysis

North East:

As the wind passes by the large trees areas of negative pressure Positive pressure Negative pressure

Wind Analysis

North East:

As the wind passes by the large trees areas of negative pressure Positive pressure Negative pressure

Wind Analysis

North East:

As the wind passes by the large trees areas of negative pressure Positive pressure Negative pressure

Wind Analysis

North East:

As the wind passes by the large trees areas of negative pressure Positive pressure Negative pressure

Water Analysis

Rainfall Averages: Spring:

Summer: Average Values (mm)

Average Values (mm)

> 800 600 - 800 500 - 600 400 - 500 300 - 400 250 - 300 200 - 250 150 - 200 < 150

Autumn:

> 800 600 - 800 500 - 600 400 - 500 300 - 400 250 - 300 200 - 250 150 - 200 < 150

Winter: Average Values (mm) > 800 600 - 800 500 - 600 400 - 500 300 - 400 250 - 300 200 - 250 150 - 200 < 150

Average Values (mm) > 800 600 - 800 500 - 600 400 - 500 300 - 400 250 - 300 200 - 250 150 - 200 < 150

Water Analysis

Rainfall Averages:

Mean Monthly Rainfall (mm): 130

120 110 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sept

Oct

Nov

Dec

Rainfall analysis shows that the site experiences a large amount of rainfall throughout the year Advantages: rainwater may be harvested for utilities Disadvantages: the building will need to be very weather tight and damp conditions may restrict material choice

Water Analysis

Lying Snow Averages: Spring:

Summer: Average Values (days)

Average Values (mm)

> 40 30 - 40 20 - 30 15 - 20 10 - 15 5 - 10 <5

Autumn:

< 0.5

Winter: Average Values (mm) > 40 30 - 40 20 - 30 15 - 20 10 - 15 5 - 10 <5

Average Values (mm) > 40 30 - 40 20 - 30 15 - 20 10 - 15 5 - 10 <5

Water Analysis

Frost:

Average No. Days Ground Frost:

Average No. Days Air Frost:

Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sept

Oct

Nov

Dec

Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sept

Snow and frost analysis shows that the site may experience severe cold spells Advantages: no significant advantages Disadvantages: lying snow will need to be accounted for in room loading, colder conditions may not be suitable for some environmental conditions

Oct

Nov

Dec

Water Analysis

River Location:

The site is located on raised ground to the north of the Water of Leith

Water Analysis

Flood Zone:

Flood analysis shows that the site should not experience any significant flooding should the river burst its banks. Please note: localised flooding could occur if drains are not properly maintained and cleared due to the large volume of rainfall the site experiences.

Geology Analysis

Borehole Sample Map:

Geology Analysis

Borehole Sample 130m: 0m

10m

Key:

Topsoil Soft Silt And Sandy Clay Medium Dense Brown Clay Firm Dark Gray Gravelly Clay Gravel And Sand Sand With Broken Sandstone Fire Clay

Cobble Sets Mudstone Red Clay With Burnt Shale Concrete Compacted Brick Fill Boulders / Broken Rock Paraffin Shale

Medium Sand Mixed With Stone Weak Weathered Mudstone Tarmac Broken Stone Firm Sandstone Black Ash Filling Black Sand

Geology Analysis

Borehole Samples: 0m

10m

15m Key:

Topsoil Soft Silt And Sandy Clay Medium Dense Brown Clay Firm Dark Gray Gravelly Clay Gravel And Sand Sand With Broken Sandstone Fire Clay

Cobble Sets Mudstone Red Clay With Burnt Shale Concrete Compacted Brick Fill Boulders / Broken Rock Paraffin Shale

Medium Sand Mixed With Stone Weak Weathered Mudstone Tarmac Broken Stone Firm Sandstone Black Ash Filling Black Sand

Geology Analysis

Borehole Samples: 0m

10m

15m Key:

Topsoil Soft Silt And Sandy Clay Medium Dense Brown Clay Firm Dark Gray Gravelly Clay Gravel And Sand Sand With Broken Sandstone Fire Clay

Cobble Sets Mudstone Red Clay With Burnt Shale Concrete Compacted Brick Fill Boulders / Broken Rock Paraffin Shale

Medium Sand Mixed With Stone Weak Weathered Mudstone Tarmac Broken Stone Firm Sandstone Black Ash Filling Black Sand

Geology Analysis

Geological Build-Up 130m:

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

Geological analysis shows that the site sits on approx. 25m of clay and sand. After 25m there are significant deposits of sandstone. Around the site the smaller bore hole samples suggest that a lot of man made spoil could occur. This should not be a problem for the specific site because of the age of the gardens. We would suggest that pad foundations would be suitable for these geological conditions.

16 17

Key: 1: Clay and Large Stones 2:Clay 3: Broken Rock and Boulders 4: Coarse Gravel and Boulders 5: Black Sand 6: Sandstone 7: Clay 8: Paraffin Shale 9: Sandstone 10: Clay 11: Sandstone 12: Clay with Boulders and Gravel 13: Sandstone 14: Clay 15: Sandstone 16: Fireclay 17: Sandstone and Quartz

0 - 9.14m 9.14 - 13.1m 13.1 - 15.24m 15.24 - 22.55m 22.55 - 25.29m 25.29 - 30.17m 30.17 - 30.78m 30.78 - 40.23m 40.23 - 53.64m 53.64 - 54.25m 54.25 - 57.30m 57.30 - 67.05m 67.05 - 86.56m 86.56 â&#x20AC;&#x201C; 87.17m 87.17 - 118.87m 118.87 - 122.52m 122.52 - 129.54m