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UFOEFODJBT HMPCBMFT

SFGMFYJPOFT TPCSF FM QSPDFTP EF JOUFHSBDJwO 4F FNQJF[BO B OPUBS TJHOPT EF SFDVQFSBDJwO FYQSFTBEPT FO FM DSFDJNJFOUP EF MB JOWFSTJwO FO WJWJFOEB Z MB WFOUB EF WFIrDVMPT 0USB WBSJB CMF B DPOTJEFSBS FO MB SFDVQFSBDJwO FT FM JODSFNFOUP FO MPT QSFDJPT EF MBT NFSDBODrBT &O "NnSJDB -BUJOB FM DPNFSDJP FYUFSJPS IB TVCJEP EFM BM DPNP SFTVMUBEP EF MPT FGFDUPT EF MB JOUFHSBDJwO &O MB |MUJNB EnDBEB TF IB BDFMFSBEP VO QSPDFTP EF JOUFHSBDJwO Z HMP CBMJ[BDJwO FO FM NVOEP RVF IB CFOFÂ¯DJBEP FM JOUFSDBNCJP EF MB FDPOPNrB DVMUVSBM -B HMPCBMJ[BDJwO IB JEP EF MB NBOP EF BDPOUFDJNJFOUPT RVF IBO FKFSDJEP GVFSUF JNQBDUP TPCSF MB DVMUVSB EFM NVOEP B SB[wO EF DBNCJPT UFD OPMwHJDPT FOGBUJ[BEPT FO MB DSFBUJWJEBE MP DVBM IB QFSNJUJEP FM EFTBSSPMMP EFM NFSDBEP DVMUVSBM MPT WJTJUBOUFT FO VO QBrT QVFEFO BQSFDJBS PUSBT DVM UVSBT QPS MB GBDJMJEBE EF USBOTQPSUF Z MB UFDOPMPHrB QPS TV MBEP IB KVHBEP VO QBQFM JNQPSUBOUF FO FM DBNCJP EF MPT QBUSPOFT EF DPOTVNP EF BMHVOPT Â§CJFOFT DVMUVSBMFTÂ¨ FT FM DBTP EFM JODSFNFOUP EFM DPOTVNP EF N|TJDB QPS JO UFSOFU BDUJWJEBE RVF IB QSPEVDJEP VO JNQBDUP OFHBUJWP TPCSF FM EFTFNQFvP EF MBT JOEVTUSJBT EF MB N|TJDB 0USP FKFNQMP FT MB QSFTFODJB EF UFMFWJTPSFT FO FM EF MPT IPHBSFT EFM NVOEP BMHVOPT EBUPT TPCSF MB QSPEVDDJwO EF CJFOFT DVMUVSBMFT Â&#x2026; -B *OEJB DPOUJO|B TJFOEP FM MrEFS FO QSPEVDDJwO EF QFMrDVMBT Â&#x2026; /JHFSJB /PMMZXPPE PDVQB FM TFHVOEP QVFTUP MVFHP EF IBCFS EFTQMB[BEP B &TUBEPT 6OJEPT Â&#x2026; &O #PMMZXPPE QSPEVKP QFMrDVMBT GSFOUF B QSP EVDDJPOFT EF /PMMZXPPE Z QFMrDVMBT JNQPSUBOUFT FO MPT &T UBEPT 6OJEPT Â&#x2026; &M WBMPS EFM NFSDBEP HMPCBM EF MB DVMUVSB F JOEVTUSJBT DSFBUJWBT IB TJEP Â&#x2026; FTUJNBEP FO 64 USJMMPOFT Z TF FYQBOEF SgQJEB NFOUF Â&#x2026; &OUSF Z FM DPNFSDJP JOUFSOBDJPOBM FO CJFOFT DVMUVSB MFT BVNFOUw EF 64 CO B 64 CO EFTBGrPT Z UFOEFODJBT B GVUVSP Â&#x2026; $VFTUJPOBNJFOUP EFM NPEFMP FDPOwNJDP Â&#x2026; 3FFWBMVBDJwO EFM QBQFM EFM &TUBEP Â&#x2026; .BZPS SFHVMBDJwO -B DSJTJT FDPOwNJDB Z TVT JNQMJDBDJPOFT B OJWFM HMPCBM

Â&#x2026; Â&#x2026; Â&#x2026; Â&#x2026; Â&#x2026;

.BZPS nOGBTJT FO QPMrUJDB RVF FO FDPOPNrB "MUFSBDJPOFT FO FM DPNFSDJP JOUFSOBDJPOBM $BNCJP FO MB QPTJDJwO SFMBUJWB EF MPT QBrTFT $BNCJP FO MBT SFMBDJPOFT FDPOwNJDBT JOUFSOBDJPOBMFT "DDJwO DPMFDUJWB B OJWFM HMPCBM

&O MB BDUVBMJEBE IBZ VO HSBO QFMJHSP QPS MB UFOEFODJB BM QSPUFDDJPOJT NP FM DVBM TF QPESrB DPOWFSUJS FO VO EPNJOw QBSB MBT SFMBDJPOFT JOUFSOBDJP OBMFT

UFOEFODJBT HMPCBMFT

-B DSJTJT FDPOwNJDB Z MB DVMUVSB 1PS .BVSJDJP 3FJOB

"OUFSJPSNFOUF MBT QFMrDVMBT FTUBCBO DPOTUSVJEBT DPO MB FTUSVD UVSB RVF UJFOFO MPT SFMBUPT ESBNgUJDPT DMgTJDPT JOJDJP OVEP Z EFTFOMBDF %FT EF IBDF VOPT EJF[ BvPT FTUB FTUSVDUVSB DPNFO[w B DBNCJBS BIPSB NVDIBT WFDFT MBT OBSSBDJPOFT BSSBODBO QPS MPT NVFSUPT &O NJ QSFTFOUBDJwO JOWFSUJ Sn MB FTUSVDUVSB EF MPT SFMBUPT DMgTJDPT Z DPNFO[BSn QPS MPT NVFSUPT (SgGJDP Crecimiento econรณmico 2007 y 2008 para algunos paรญses y proyecciones 2009 y 2010 2007 2008 (e) 2009 (p) 2010 (p)

15 10

9,0 7,5

7,5

6,5

5,7 4,2

5 %

13,0

2,7

2,0 1,1

2,4

2,5

0,9

0,5 -0,4

1,3

5,2 3,2 1,9

1,51,6

-0,6

-1,3

-2,8

-5

-4,2

Mundo

Latinoamรฉrica

Colombia

China

Japรณn

Zona Euro

Estados Unidos

-6,2

-10

Fuente: FMI - WEO, Abril 2009

$PNP TF WF FO FM HSgยฏDP RVF EFTDSJCF MB TJUVBDJwO FDPOwNJDB QBSB EJWFSTPT QBrTFT FO MPT |MUJNPT USFT BvPT DPO VOB QSPZFDDJwO QBSB FM FO &TUBEPT 6OJEPT MB QSPZFDDJwO FT DFSP &M HSgยฏDP NVFTUSB FM JNQBDUP EF MB DSJTJT WFOJNPT EF DSFDJNJFOUPT QPTJUJWPT FO FM BvP BvP FO FM RVF $P -B DSJTJT FDPOwNJDB Z MB DVMUVSB

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(SgGJDP Esquema de producciรณn de una industria desarrollada

Creador

Productor/editor/distribuidor

Consumidor

DVMUVSBM RVF TF FTUn SFBMJ[BOEP WB FM QSPEVDUPS Z ยฏOBMNFOUF FM DPOTVNJEPS FM EFTUJOBUBSJP ยฏOBM EFM DSFBEPS 5SBEJDJPOBMNFOUF EFTEF FM QVOUP EF WJTUB FDPOwNJDP IBZ EJGFSFODJBT FOUSF FTUPT USFT FTMBCPOFT &M QSJNFSP FT JOUFOTJWP FO JEFBT DSFBUJWJEBE WJEB FYQFSJFODJBT FTQPOUBOFJEBE FM |MUJNP FTMBCwO FO DBNCJP FT JOUFOTJWP FO SFDFQUJWJEBE Z FM EF MB NJUBE FO DBQJUBM &M FTRVFNB EF MPT QSPEVDUPSFT ยฆQPS FKFNQMP FEJUPSJBMFT EF N|TJDB Z SFBMJ[BEPSFT Z FYIJCJEPSFT EF DJOFยฆ UJFOF BMHP RVF MPT FDPOPNJTUBT MMBNBNPT FDPOPNrBT EF FTDBMB NJFOUSBT NgT TF BNQMrB MB DBQBDJEBE QSPEVDUJWB NgT FยฏDJFOUF FT MB QSPEVDDJwO $VBMRVJFS JOEVTUSJB DPO FDPOPNrB EF FTDBMB HFOFSB CBSSFSBT B MB FOUSBEB EF PUSBT FN QSFTBT BM NFSDBEP &TUP PCFEFDF B MFZFT FDPOwNJDBT MBT FDPOPNrBT EF FTDBMB IBDFO RVF VOB WF[ QPTJDJPOBEB VOB FNQSFTB HSBOEF FO FM NFSDBEP TFB EJGr DJM QBSB MBT QFRVFvBT FOUSBS B DPNQFUJS &O MB DSJTJT BDUVBM DPOTJEFSP RVF TF QVFEFO FTUBS QSPGVOEJ[BOEP DJFS UBT HSJFUBT FO FM FTRVFNB EF QSPEVDDJwO BOUFT NFODJPOBEP #BKP nM RVJFOFT UJFOFO MB DBQBDJEBE EF EFDJEJS RVn TF JOUSJODB FO MB DVMUVSB EF UPEP MP RVF FMBCPSBO MPT DSFBEPSFT Z EF UPEP MP RVF FTQFSBO MPT DPOTVNJEPSFT gWJEPT TPO MPT RVF QFSUFOFDFT BM TFHVOEP FTMBCwO MB QSPEVDDJwO -PT QSPEVDUPSFT FO FTUF FTRVFNB TPO RVJFOFT QVFEFO UFOFS VO DSJUFSJP SFTQFUBCMF FO FM NPNFO UP EF IBDFS VOB FMFDDJwO 4VDFEF RVF NJFOUSBT NgT QJFOTFO FO EFUFSNJOBEP UJQP EF DPOTVNP NgT TF IPNPHFOJ[B FM DPOTVNP QPS FOEF TF IPNPHFOJ[B MB QFSTQFDUJWB EF MB WJEB $PO UBM OJWFM EF IPNPHFOFJEBE MB DSJTJT FDPOwNJDB FO "TJB IBCSrB UFOJEP VO HSBO JNQBDUP QPSRVF MB IVNBOJEBE FO |MUJNBT FT -B DSJTJT FDPOwNJDB Z MB DVMUVSB

VO HSBO TFS WJWP Z FOUSF NgT IPNPHnOFP FT NgT WVMOFSBCMF UBOUP B MB HSJQB QPSDJOB DPNP B MB DSJTJT FDPOwNJDB JOUFSOBDJPOBM 5FOJFOEP FO DVFOUB FTUB JEFB EF MB IVNBOJEBE DPNP VO TFS WJWP Z MB JNQPSUBODJB EF MB EJWFSTJEBE EF FYQSFTJPOFT DVMUVSBMFT FO MB DSJTJT FDPOwNJ DB IBZ BTQFDUPT EF MB DSJTJT RVF KVFHBO VO QBQFM DMBWF &T JNQPSUBOUF QPS FMMP SFGFSJSTF B MBT DBVTBT EF MB DSJTJT FDPOwNJDB JOUFSOBDJPOBM Z FWBMVBS MPT QPTJCMFT FMFNFOUPT DVMUVSBMFT RVF JO°VZFSPO FO FMMB 6OB EF FTUBT DBVTBT FT MB JSSFTQPOTBCJMJEBE MB DPEJDJB DPNP SBTHPT EF MB IVNBOJEBE Z MB BVTFO DJB EF SFHVMBDJwO FTQFDJBMNFOUF FO MPT TJTUFNBT ¯OBODJFSP F JONPCJMJBSJP MP DVBM JNQJEJw RVF TF QVEJFSB DPOUSPMBS MB DPEJDJB FT EFDJS FM FYDFTJWP HBTUP Z FOEFVEBNJFOUP EF MPT QBrTFT EFTBSSPMMBEPT .VDIPT IFNPT PrEP IBCMBS EF MB DSJTJT TVC QSJNF §QPS EFCBKP EF MP NFKPS¨ &M HSg¯DP NVFTUSB MB FWPMVDJwO EF MBT IJQPUFDBT FO &TUBEPT 6OJEPT EFQFOEJFOEP EF B RVJnO TF MF EBCB VOB IJQPUFDB FO MBT [POBT QSJNF FTUgO BRVFMMPT RVF QPErBO QBHBS TFH|O TV IJTUPSJB DSFEJUJDJB " NFEJEB RVF QBTBO MPT BvPT MB [POB QSJNF TF SFEVDF Z TF PUPSHBO DBEB WF[ NgT DSnEJUPT EF WJ WJFOEB B PUSPT TFHNFOUPT RVF UJFOFO DBQBDJEBE EF QBHP 5BNCJnO IBZ VO FYDFTJWP HBTUP QPS QBSUF EF MPT QBrTFT EFTBSSPMMBEPT &O FM HSg¯DP TF QVFEF WFS RVF FM DPOTVNP DPNP QPSDFOUBKF EFM QJC EF (SgGJDP Mercado de hipoteca estodounidense 2004

2003 Subprime 7,9 %

Alt-A 2,2%

Alt-A 6,3%

FHA/VA 5,6%

2005 FHA/VA 4,5%

Alt-A 12,2%

FHA/VA 2,9%

Subprime 18,2 % Subprime 20,0%

Prime 53,2%

Prime 58,9%

Prime 78,8%

2006 Alt-A 13,4%

2007

FHA/VA 2,7%

Alt-A 11,3%

FHA/VA 4,2%

Subprime 7,9%

Subprime 20,1 % Prime 49,3%

Prime 62,1%

Fuente: Inside Mortgage Finance, Last update February 8, 2008

UFOEFODJBT HMPCBMFT

&TUBEPT 6OJEPT BVNFOUB BvP USBT BvP Z QBSFDJFSB RVF OP UVWJFSB ¯O MP RVF JNQMJDB VOB SFEVDDJwO TVTUBODJBM EFM BIPSSP -PT OJWFMFT EF BIPSSP FO &TUB EPT 6OJEPT TPO NFOPSFT BM EFM QJC NJFOUSBT RVF FO $IJOB FT EFM &T DMBWF UFOFS FO DVFOUB RVF $IJOB FT FM NBZPS UFOFEPS EF CPOPT EFM UFTPSP EF &TUBEPT 6OJEPT &TUF |MUJNP BDUVBMNFOUF QSFTFOUB FM NBZPS En¯DJU ¯TDBM RVF IB UFOJEP FO NVDIP UJFNQP Z FM HPCJFSOP FNJUF CPOPT QBSB ¯OBODJBS FTB EFVEB (SgGJDP Ahorro nacional. Crecimiento del ahorro doméstico en algunos países. 2009 (% PIB) 60 50

49.4

40 33.4

29.8

22.5

23.2

20 8.3

10 0 China

India

República de Corea

Japón

Alemania

Estados Unidos

Fuente: EIU estimados. Julio 2009

%FUSgT EF MB DSJTJT FTUgO QBTBOEP DPTBT JNQPSUBOUFT QPS FKFNQMP MPT QBrTFT FO EFTBSSPMMP BQPSUBO DBEB WF[ NgT BM DSFDJNJFOUP NVOEJBM NJFOUSBT RVF MPT QBrTFT EFTBSSPMMBEPT DBEB WF[ NFOPT WFS HSg¯DP )BZ VOB USBOT GPSNBDJwO EF MB FDPOPNrB NVOEJBM 3PCFSU 'PHFM QSFNJP OPCFM EF FDPOPNrB DBMDVMw DVgM FT MB DPNQPTJDJwO EFM QJC FO FM BvP WT FM QJC FO FM BvP Z FODPOUSw RVF $IJOB QSPEVKP BQSPYJNBEBNFOUF FM EFM QJC NVOEJBM VOB UFSDFSB QBSUF FO FM NJFOUSBT RVF QBSB FM TF FTUJNB RVF MMFHVF BM EPT UFSDFSBT QBSUFT %F¯OJUJWBNFOUF VOB USBOTGPSNBDJwO EF MB FDPOPNrB WFS HSg¯DP )BTUB BIPSB IFNPT WJTUP WBSJPT FMFNFOUPT DSJTJT FO QBrTFT EFTBSSP MMBEPT JNQPSUBODJB EF MB EJWFSTJEBE FO MB NBOFSB EF FOUFOEFS FM NVOEP FYDFTJWP HBTUP DPOTVNP Z FOEFVEBNJFOUP FO MPT QBrTFT EPNJOBOUFT RVF TF WJFOFO BM TVFMP MB JNQPSUBODJB EF FOUFOEFS MB FDPOPNrB DPO JOOPWBDJwO -B DSJTJT FDPOwNJDB Z MB DVMUVSB

(SgGJDP ContribuciĂłn global al crecimiento (%) 70

1990

1992

1994

1996

1998

2000

2002

2004

2006

2008

PaĂses industrializados PaĂses en desarrollo Fuente: IMF. WEO - Abril 2009. 2009 y 2010 estimado

(SgGJDP Aportes de China al PIB mundial, 2000. Estimaciones en el 2040 segĂşn Fogel. En %

2000

2040 py Resto 16%

EE.UU. 22%

Resto 28%

EE.UU. 14% EU (15) 5%

Asia 12% Asia 6%

EU (15) 21%

JapĂłn 8% China 11%

India 5%

India 12%

JapĂłn 2%

China 40%

Fuente: Robert Fogel (2007) Capitalism and democracy in 2040: Forescat and speculations.

UFOEFODJBT HMPCBMFT

Z VO QBQFM NgT BDUJWP EFM &TUBEP "IPSB FO MB SFDUB ¯OBM WFSFNPT PQPSUV OJEBEFT QBSB MB DVMUVSB FO QMFOB DSJTJT BTJgUJDB BQBSFDJFSPO EPT QFSTPOBKFT JOUFSFTBOUFT FM *1PE Z IBDF USFT P DVBUSP BvPT FM ,JOEMF &TUPT QFSTPOBKFT BERVJFSFO JNQPSUBODJB QPSRVF TPO QBSUF EF VO SFMPK EF BSFOB DPO VOB DJOUV SB NVZ EFMHBEJUB TPO QPRVJUPT EJTUSJCVJEPSFT QPRVJUPT WFOEFEPSFT FYIJCJ EPSFT &TUF SFMPK EF BSFOB TF FNQF[w B SPNQFS DPO MB BQBSJDJwO EF JOUFSOFU Z EF MB EJHJUBMJ[BDJwO EF DPOUFOJEPT FTUP |MUJNP QFSNJUJw RVF EFM DSFBEPS EF MPT DPOUFOJEPT TF SFMBDJPOBSB EJSFDUBNFOUF DPO FM DPOTVNJEPS BCSJnOEPTF EF FTUB NBOFSB VO CPRVFUF FO MB QBSUF DFOUSBM EFM FTRVFNB RVF BOUFSJPSNFOUF IBCrBNPT WJTUP FT EFDJS FO FM FTMBCwO EF MB QSPEVDDJwO WFS HSg¯DP (SgGJDP Nuevo esquema de la cadena de producción

Creador

Productor/editor/distribuidor

Consumidor

&TUB SFMBDJwO EJSFDUB DSFBEPS DPOTVNJEPS TF QVFEF EBS QPS EPT DB NJOPT FM MFHBM Z FM JMFHBM 1PS MB WrB EF MB JMFHBMJEBE MBT WFOUBT EF %7%T TF FTUBODBSPO FO FM BvP B DBVTB EF MB EJHJUBMJ[BDJwO EF DPOUFOJEPT 1PS PUSP MBEP TFH|O MPT EBUPT EF 'PSSFTUFS 3FTFBSDI TPCSF FM OJWFM EF BSDIJWPT DPNQBSUJEPT TFBO EF BVEJP P EF WJEFP TF JEFOUJ¯Dw RVF FTUB QSgDUJDB FT DBEB WF[ NgT GSFDVFOUF FO FM NVOEP WFS HSg¯DP &O &TUBEPT 6OJEPT FTUF GFOwNFOP FTUg NgT P NFOPT DPOUSPMBEP &O PUSPT QBrTFT FT OPSNBM Z FT MB MwHJDB OBUVSBM &TUB |MUJNB QSgDUJDB FT FM DBNJOP RVF OPT HVTUBSrB NVDIP RVF TF EJFSB QPSRVF TJ DBEB VOP EF OPTPUSPT FT VO DSFBEPS Z RVJFSF BUSBWFTBS FTB NPOUBvB QBSB MMFHBS IBTUB FM DPOTVNJEPS OP RVJTJnSBNPT RVF TF EJFSB QPS NFEJP EF MB QJSBUFSrB WFS HSg¯DP -B DSJTJT FDPOwNJDB Z MB DVMUVSB

(SgGJDP Ventas de DVDs en Estados Unidos y Canadรก. USD$ Miles de millones 2.0

1.5

1.0

0.5

0 1998

2000

2002

2004

2006

2008 2009

Fuente: The Economist-Digital Entertainment

(SgGJDP Penetraciรณn de uso de archivos compartidos

Espaรฑa Italia Europa Gran Bretaรฑa Estados Unidos 0

Fuente: The Economist-Forrester Research

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Unidades vendidas, miles de millones

2,96 2,87

Físico Digital Derechos

25 2,97

3,01

3,1

20 15 10 5 0

Fuente: The Economist - IFPI

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(SgGJDP Nuevo eslabรณn: medios receptores y portantes La importancia de iPod y Kindle

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(SgGJDP

Evolución del monto promedio correspondiente a gastos en cultura y medios y del consumo total promedio de los hogares de 1979 a 2003.

350

300

250

200

150

100 1979

1981

1983

1985

1987

1989

1991

1993

1995

1997

1999

2001

2003

Gastos culturales según el INSEE Gastos de consumo de los hogares Fuente: Les dépenses culture-médias des ménages en France (Deps, Ministère de la culture et de la communicatio, 2006)

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(SgGJDP

Elasticidades relacionadas con el ingreso respecto al gasto en cultura y medios 2,08

Equipos, accesorios e informรกtica

1,25

Prรกcticas artรญsticas y asociativas Foto y cine

1,05

Equipos de sonido

1,00

Espectรกculo en vivo

0,96

Cine

0,94 0,89

Servicios para audiovisual Libros

0,89

Consumo de mรบsica

0,83

Grabadora y video

0,72 0,69

Microcomputadores

0,63

Museos Prensa

0,53

Suscripciรณn a televisiรณn

0,50

Equipos de televisiรณn

0,27

Otras salidas

0,13 0

0,5

1,0

1,5

2,0

2,5 %

Elasticidad promedio de los gastos en cultura-medios: 0,78

Fuente: Les dรฉpenses culture-mรฉdias des mรฉnages en France (Deps, Ministรจre de la culture et de la communicatio, 2006)

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(SgGJDP Gastos en cultura y medios y evoluciĂłn del presupuesto de los hogares % 4,50

4,25

4,00

3,75

Parte del presupuesto Tendencia de mediano plazo

3,50 1979

1981

1983

1985

1987

1989

1991

1993

1995

1997

1999

2001

2003

CĂĄlculos de CrĂŠdoc* a partir de los datos de la contabilidad nacional y de una serie de datos** sobre el nĂşmero de hogares franceses. *Centre de recherche pour lâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;ĂŠtude el lâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;observation de conditions de vie (Centro de investigaciĂłn para el estudio y la observaciĂłn de las condiciones de vida). **Institut national de la statistique et des ĂŠtudes ĂŠconomiques (Instituto nacional de estadĂstica y estudios econĂłmicos)

Fuente: Les dĂŠpenses culture-mĂŠdias des mĂŠnages en France. (Deps, MinistĂ¨re de la culture et de la communicatio, 2006).

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(SgGJDP Elasticidad-precio de los gastos en diversiĂłn y equipos en los hogares Volumen 600 Televisores 500 Computadores

400 Aparatos DVD de sonido e magen 300 Videos

Descargas eletrĂłnicas

200 Programas y consolas de juego de video 100

Radios

Aparatos de foto/Ăłptico

0 20

3 EspectĂĄculos 4 5 Libros Medios vĂrgenes Instrumentos Cine Revistas musicales PeriĂłdicos 2 Lab. fotog. Discos PelĂculas y papel fotogrĂĄfico 80

100

140 Precio

120

(SgGJDP EvoluciĂłn de los gastos por rubros en el largo plazo % 100 90

8% 11%

80 70

23%

60 50 40

35%

Telecomunicaciones

Bienes y servicios ligados a materiales

23% 58%

Materiales

30 20

37%

Bienes y servicios culturales no materiales

0 1959 1962 1965 1968 1971 1974 1977 1980 1983 1986 1989 1992 1995 1998 2001 2004 2007

Fuente: Insee, comptes nationaux (Deps, MinistĂ¨re de la Culture et de la Communication, 2009)

UFOEFODJBT HMPCBMFT

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BKVTUFT JNQPSUBOUFT FO MB QSPHSBNBDJwO GVUVSB FO GVODJwO EF MPT SFTVMUBEPT BDUVBMFT &TUB SFBDDJwO B MB DSJTJT USBOTยฏFSF B MPT QSPEVDUPSFT BVEJPWJTVBMFT VOB QBSUF JNQPSUBOUF EF MPT FGFDUPT EF MB DSJTJT -BT DBSBDUFSrTUJDBT EFM TFDUPS QSPEVDUJWP EF MB DVMUVSB NVFTUSBO FO FT UBT DPOEJDJPOFT DwNP TF NBOJยฏFTUB VOB DSJTJT DPZVOUVSBM "OUF MPT PMJHPQP MJPT FO FM TFDUPS EF MB FEJDJwO Z MPT NFEJPT MBT 1.& TPO MBT NgT BGFDUBEBT QPS MB DSJTJT B USBWnT EF MPT QFEJEPT Z FM BDDFTP B MPT NFSDBEPT WFS HSgยฏDP (SgGJDP Distribuciรณn de las empresas segรบn el sector

Nรบmero de empresas

15.000 12.107 9.970 10.000

5.000 1.373 0

Empresas de ediciรณn

Empresas audiovisuales

Agencias de prensa

Fuente: Culture chiffres (Deps, Ministรจre de la Culture, 2008)

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FGFDUPT FTUBCJMJ[BEPSFT FO DJFSUPT DBNQPT %F NBOFSB HFOFSBM VOB EF MBT QSJODJQBMFT DBSBDUFSrTUJDBT EFM FNQMFP DVMUVSBM FT TV GSBHJMJEBE B MB WF[ FT USVDUVSBM Z DSFDJFOUF &TUB GSBHJMJEBE TF NJEF FO QBSUJDVMBS FO MB QBSUF EFM DPOKVOUP EF MPT BTBMBSJBEPT DPSSFTQPOEJFOUF B MPT DPOUSBUPT B UnSNJOP ¯KP Z B UPEBT MBT GPSNBT EF FNQMFP OP EVSBCMF DFSDB EF USFT WFDFT TVQFSJPS B MB EFM DPOKVOUP EF MB QPCMBDJwO BTBMBSJBEB DPOUSB 4F PCTFSWB EJDIB GSBHJMJEBE FO MB JNQPSUBODJB EFM USBCBKP EF UJFNQP QBSDJBM DPOUSB Z TV DPSSFMBUP MB JNQPSUBODJB EF UFOFS WBSJPT USBCBKPT DFSDB EF BDUJWP TPCSF "EJDJPOBMNFOUF NJFOUSBT RVF FO FM TFDUPS DVMUVSBM IBZ FM EPCMF EF FNQMFP OP BTBMBSJBEP RVF FO MB QPCMBDJwO BDUJWB FO TV DPOKVOUP DPOUSB FM FNQMFP DVMUVSBM TF DBSBDUFSJ[B QPS FTUPT QVOUPT FT EF DBSgDUFS FTUB DJPOBM QBUSJNPOJP FTQFDUgDVMPT FO WJWP UJFOF VOB BMUB UBTB EF EFTFNQMFP FO FM HSVQP EF RVJFOFT CVTDBO FNQMFP IBZ VOB NBZPS UBTB EF EFTFNQMFB EPT EF MBSHP QMB[P TVQFSJPS B VO BvP Z ¯OBMNFOUF QSFTFOUB VOB GVFSUF EFQFOEFODJB EF MPT DSnEJUPT Q|CMJDPT &TUBEP Z DPMFDUJWJEBEFT UFSSJUPSJBMFT &M DPOKVOUP EF FTUBT DBSBDUFSrTUJDBT UJFOF VOB UFOEFODJB EF NFEJBOP Z MBSHP QMB[P Z DPOUSJCVZF BM BVNFOUP EF FTUB GSBHJMJEBE (SgGJDP Estructura comparada de las industrias culturales y los servicios: distribución del volumen de negocios según el número de empleados.

Industrias culturales

Conjunto de servicios

20 Menos de 20 asalariados

100 %

20 o más asalariados

Fuente: Enquête annuelle d’ entreprise dans les services (Insee), Enquête annuelle d’ entreprise dans l’industrie (Sessi), Système unifé de statistiques d’ entreprises (Insee)/DEPS

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CJMJBSJP Z EF MB DPOTUSVDDJwO BVORVF OP MB UFOEFODJB EFM TFDUPS EF DPOTUSVDDJwO Z PCSBT Q|CMJDBT 5BNCJnO MPT FTUJMJTUBT EFDPSBEP SFT HSB¯TUBT FNQMFPT FO QPESrBO FTUBS TVKFUPT B MB NJTNB UFOEFODJB EF MB DPOTUSVDDJwO P EF MB BDUJWJEBE FDPOwNJDB FO HFOFSBM 1PS |MUJNP MPT BSUJTUBT QMgTUJDPT FO Z MPT BVUPSFT MJUFSBSJPT FO IBO TJEP ZB NVZ NBSDBEPT ¥DPO MB FYDFQDJwO EF QFRVFvrTJNBT NJOPSrBT¥ QPS MB EJ¯DVMUBE EF WJWJS EF TVT BDUJWJEBEFT BSUrTUJDBT Z FTUgO NVZ GBNJMJBSJ[BEPT DPO MPT NFDBOJTNPT BNPSUJHVBEPSFT NFODJPOBEPT BOUFSJPSNFOUF FMFNFOUPT QPMrUJDPT DPOUSBDrDMJDPT -BT DBSBDUFSrTUJDBT EF MB FDPOPNrB EF MB DVMUVSB Z MPT NFEJPT UBOUP QPS MB FTUSVDUVSB EF MBT FNQSFTBT MPT NPEPT EF ¯OBODJBNJFOUP Z EFM FNQMFP DPNP QPS MB EJOgNJDB EFM HBTUP EF MPT IPHBSFT FO MP DPODFSOJFOUF B §CJFOFT TVQFSJPSFT¨ IBDFO RVF FM TFDUPS DVMUVSBM RVFEF QBSUJDVMBSNFOUF GSgHJM QPS DBVTB EF MB DSJTJT -PT GFOwNFOPT DPNQFOTBUPSJPT MB SFTJTUFODJB USBOTJ UPSJB EF GSFDVFOUBDJwO UVSrTUJDB DPODFOUSBEB FO BMHVOPT MVHBSFT Z UFSSJUPSJPT FUD OP PDVMUBO MB GVFS[B EF MPT GBDUPSFT NgT FTUSVDUVSBOUFT EFDJTJPOFT QSF TVQVFTUBSJBT EFTGBWPSBCMFT EF MPT IPHBSFT MPT BOVODJBOUFT MBT DPMFDUJWJEBEFT UFSSJUPSJBMFT FGFDUPT OFHBUJWPT EF MB FTUSVDUVSB ¯OBODJFSB EFM UFKJEP QSJODJQBM EFM NBZPS O|NFSP EF FNQSFTBT DVMUVSBMFT UFOEFODJBT EFM FNQMFP DVMUVSBM -PT EFUFSNJOBOUFT EF BDFMFSBDJwO EF MPT FGFDUPT EF MB DSJTJT TPO NgT QPEFSPTPT RVF MPT BNPSUJHVBEPSFT JODMVTP TJ MB EVSBDJwO EF MPT DJDMPT QSP EVDUJWPT EF MPT QSPZFDUPT DVMUVSBMFT DPOUSBUBEPT QSPEVDDJwO BVEJPWJTVBM Z DJOFNBUPHSg¯DB FTQFDUgDVMPT FO WJWP BSRVJUFDUVSB DPOTUJUVZF QBSB VOB QBS UF TJHOJ¯DBUJWB EFM TFDUPS DVMUVSBM VO SFEVDUPS QSPWJTJPOBM EF MPT FGFDUPT EF MB DSJTJT &O FTUF DPOUFYUP MB OFDFTJEBE EF QPMrUJDBT DPOUSBDrDMJDBT BQBSFDF DMBSB NFOUF &TUBT UJFOFO QPS PCKFUJWP SFTQFDUP B FTUPT GBDUPSFT FTUSVDUVSBMFT DSFBS BNPSUJHVBEPSFT DPOUSB MB DSJTJT Z SFBDUJWBS FM TFDUPS DVMUVSBM QVFT FTUF UJFOF VOB DPOUSJCVDJwO FO FM DSFDJNJFOUP SFMBUJWBNFOUF FMFWBEB WFS HSg¯DP "EJDJPOBMNFOUF NVDIP NgT RVF FM QFTP EF DBEB VOP EF MPT TFDUPSFT DVMUVSBMFT FT QSFDJTP NJSBS DPO BUFODJwO MPT GBDUPSFT FDPOwNJDPT RVF MMFWBO B MB UPUBMJEBE EFM TFDUPS B QSPQJDJBS FM DSFDJNJFOUP Z FM FNQMFP &O FGFDUP MPT BOgMJTJT SFDJFOUFT EFM TFDUPS DVMUVSBM IBO EFNPTUSBEP VO NBSHFO TJHOJ¯DBUJ WP FO QBSUJDVMBS FO MBT BDUJWJEBEFT EF MPT NFEJPT -B JNQPSUBODJB FDPOwNJDB EFM TFDUPS DVMUVSBM Z TVT FTQFDJ¯DJEBEFT JO EVKFSPO BTr VOB QPMrUJDB DPOUSBDrDMJDB RVF UJFOF WBSJPT DPNQPOFOUFT 1PS FM MBEP EFM FNQMFP DVMUVSBM BEFNgT EF MB FTUBCJMJEBE EFM TJTUFNB EF JOEFNOJ[B DJwO QPS EFTFNQMFP QBSB MBT QSPGFTJPOFT EFM FTQFDUgDVMP TF IBO EFTBSSPMMBEP 1SJNFS BOgMJTJT EF MB DSJTJT Z EF MBT QPMrUJDBT DVMUVSBMFT DPOUSBDrDMJDBT FO 'SBODJB

(SgGJDP ContribuciĂłn en tĂŠrminos de valor agregado y de empleo. Ejemplos de contribuciĂłn al conjunto de servicios

InformĂĄtica

Telecomunicaciones

Valor agregado

8 6 Audiovisual 4 EdiciĂłn

Arquitectura

Agencias de prensa

% 0

Empleo *Para las actividades de ediciĂłn, el empleo se calcula sobre el conjunto de las empresas: el valor agregado hace referencia al campo de las empresas con 20 asalariados o mĂĄs. Fuente: EnquĂŞte annuelle dâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;entreprise dans les services (Insse), EnquĂŞte annuelle dâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;entreprise dans lâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;industrie (Sessi)/DEPS

(SgGJDP Margen de la actividad audiovisual y las agencias de prensa 45

Actividades audiovisuales Cine y video

ProducciĂłn de pelĂculas institucionales y publicitarias

Prestaciones tĂŠcnicas para cine y televisiĂłn

ProyecciĂłn de pelĂculas cinematogrĂĄficas

ProducciĂłn de pelĂculas para la televisiĂłn

ProducciĂłn de pelĂculas para cine

DistribuciĂłn de pelĂculas cinematogrĂĄficas

EdiciĂłn y distribuciĂłn de video

Radio

TelevisiĂłn

EdiciĂłn de canales temĂĄticos

ProducciĂłn de programas de televisiĂłn

EdiciĂłn de canales generales

DistribuciĂłn de paquetes de programas de radio y televisiĂłn

Agencias de prensa

7 0

100 %

Fuente: Enauete annuelle dâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;entreprise dans lâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;industrie (Sessi)

UFOEFODJBT HMPCBMFT

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RVF SFQSPEVDFO JNgHFOFT TPOJEPT Z TFvBMFT EF UBM NBOFSB RVF QPEFNPT WFSMPT FTDVDIBSMPT Z MFFSMPT TJO UFOFS RVF NPWFSOPT EF VO MVHBS -BT EJGFSFOUFT SBNBT EF MBT JD QPOFO FM nOGBTJT FO EJGFSFOUFT UJQPT EF ยฐVKPT EF JOGPSNBDJwO 6O QSJNFS ยฐVKP EF FYQFSJFODJBT UPEBWrB UJFOF VOB EJNFOTJwO NBUFSJBM FTFODJBM FKFNQMPT EF FMMP TPO MPT QSPEVDUPT EF BSRVJUFD UVSB EF EJTFvP EF NPEB F JODMVTP EF UVSJTNP -BT FYQFSJFODJBT UVSrTUJDBT JNQMJDBO FM USBOTQPSUF GrTJDP EF MBT QFSTPOBT MPT WFTUJEPT Z MPT FEJยฏDJPT TF IBDFO DPO UFYUJMFT Z DPODSFUP SFTQFDUJWBNFOUF 6O TFHVOEP UJQP EF ยฐVKP JODMVZF QSFTFOUBDJPOFT FO Q|CMJDP RVF FNJUFO JOGPSNBDJwO FO FOUPSOPT TP DJBMFT EFOTPT QSFTFOUBDJPOFT EF EBO[B DPODJFSUPT PCSBT EF UFBUSP Z FWFOUPT EFQPSUJWPT 5PEPT FMMPT QSPQPSDJPOBO FYQFSJFODJBT B MPT QBSUJDJQBOUFT RVF TF JOUFOTJยฏDBO OP TwMP B USBWnT EF MB PCTFSWBDJwO TJOP EF MB FYQFSJFODJB TJNVMUg OFB EF UPEBT MBT PUSBT QFSTPOBT RVF OPT SPEFBO 6O UFSDFS UJQP EF QSPEVDUPT DPOTJTUF QSJODJQBMNFOUF FO VO ยฐVKP EF TJHOPT JOGPSNBUJWPT -PT QSPEVDUPT JNQSFTPT EFTEF MPT QFSJwEJDPT IBTUB MPT MJCSPT TF CBTBO USBEJDJPOBMNFOUF FO MPT TJHOPT EFM MFOHVBKF Z MB FTDSJUVSB )BZ PUSPT DBTPT DPHOJUJWBNFOUF FTUSFDIPT MBT HSBCBDJPOFT EF N|TJDB Z MBT FNJTJPOFT EF SBEJP TF CBTBO TPMB NFOUF FO TFvBMFT BVEJUJWBT -BT FTDVMUVSBT Z MBT QJOUVSBT TF CBTBO FO TFvBMFT WJTVBMFT 1FSP JODMVTP FO MPT QSPEVDUPT JNQSFTPT MB NF[DMB EF TFvBMFT DPHOJ UJWBT TF IB WVFMUP MB OPSNB &O MPT QSPHSBNBT EF UFMFWJTJwO Z FO MBT QFMrDVMBT MBT TFvBMFT BVEJPWJTVBMFT TJFNQSF FTUgO NF[DMBEBT DPO FM MFOHVBKF Z FO MPT WJEFPKVFHPT FM OVFWP QSPEVDUP EFM TFDUPS MPT ยฐVKPT EF EBUPT EJHJUBMFT QVFEF QSPEVDJS DVBMRVJFS TBMJEB DPHOJUJWB (SgGJDP Flujos de informaciรณn material, social y simbรณlica de informaciรณn en las industrias creativas

Arquitectura

Moda Danza

Deportes y juegos

Impresos

Sonidos

Conciertos

Imรกgenes

Turismo

Teatro

Diseรฑo

UFOEFODJBT HMPCBMFT

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3,2% 3,1% 2,6%

2,1% 1,9%

Construcciรณn mecรกnica

Industria automotriz

Industrias creativas

&M QPUFODJBM FDPOwNJDP EF MBT JOEVTUSJBT DSFBUJWBT

Industria quรญmica

Suministro de energรญa

JOGPSNF EFM BvP QBTBEP TPCSF FM TFDUPS DSFBUJWP FO UPEPT MPT QBrTFT EFM NVO EP QVCMJDBEP QPS MB VODUBE &TUF JOGPSNF EFTDSJCJw FM UBNBvP DPOTJEFSBCMF EFM TFDUPS B FTDBMB HMPCBM WFS HSgÂŻDP (SgÂŻDP . CĂĄlculos de la contribuciĂłn de las industrias creativas al PIB de cinco paĂses de la OCDE. Australia

CanadĂĄ

Francia

Gran BretaĂąa

Estados Unidos

Millones de $ austr.

% PIB

Millones de $ canad.

% PIB

Millones de â&#x201A;Ź

% VAB

Millones de ÂŁ

% VAB

Millones de $ EEUU

% VAB

2.464*

0,50

2.856*

0,30

11.858*

0,80

5.000

0,70

20.835*

0,20

Arquitectura

788*

0,10

1.084*

0,10

2.524*

0,20

4.000

0,50

19.111*

0,20

Video, cine y fotografĂa

2.397*

0,40

3.909*

0,40

5.155*

0,40

2.200

0,30

39.076*

0,40

MĂşsica, artes visuales y escĂŠnicas

952*

0,20

2.576*

0,20

3.425*

0,20

3.700

0,50

30.294*

0,30

EdiciĂłn/medios escritos /

6.590*

1,20

19.427*

1,80

11.283*

0,80

14.950*

2,10

116.451*

1,10

impresiĂłn

5.640*

1,00

n/d

4.851*

0,30

6.350

0,90

45.662*

0,40

Emisiones Radio y televisiĂłn

3.474*

0,60

5.305*

0,50

4.878*

0,30

6.200

0,90

101.713*

1,00

Negocio de arte y antigĂźedades

74*

0,00

1.082*

0,10

413*

0,00

500

0,10

195*

0,00

DiseĂąo (incluyendo diseĂąo de modas)

313*

0,10

1.226*

0,10

363*

0,00

5.630

0,70

13.463*

0,10

ArtesanĂas

n/d*

n/d

Total

17.053*

3,10

37.465*

3,50

39.899*

2,80

42.180*

5.80

341.139*

3,30

Total economĂa (PIB o VAB)

542.831

100,00

1.069.703

100,00

1.434.812

100,00

732.395

100.00

10.469.601

100,00

Bibliotecas (incluyendo archivos)

792.2#

â&#x20AC;Ś

1.236*

0,10

n/d

1.112*

0,00

Museos

716.4#

â&#x20AC;Ś

550*

0,10

148*

0,00

n/d

3.294*

0,00

Sitios de patrimonio

n/d

672*

0,10

n/d

508*

0,00

Juegos electrĂłnicos

n/d

8.169*

0,60

20.700

2,80

129.636*

1,20

Industrias creativas

-B EFÂŻOJDJwO FYBDUB EFM TFDUPS EF MBT JOEVTUSJBT DSFBUJWBT WBSrB 6OB WF[ NgT FM JOGPSNF EF MB VODUBE EF VOB WJTJwO HFOFSBM TPCSF MBT EJWFSTBT QFSTQFDUJWBT WFS HSgÂŻDP

UFOEFODJBT HMPCBMFT

(SgÂŻDP . Sistemas de clasiďŹ caciĂłn para las industrias creativas, derivados de diferentes modelos. Modelo DCMS de Gran BretaĂąa

Modelo de textos simbĂłlicos

Industrias culturales centrales

Arquitectura

Modelo de cĂrculos concĂŠntricos Artes creativas centrales

Modelo de copyright de la OMPI Industrias centrales de copyright

Literatura

Mercado de arte y antigĂźedades Cine

MĂşsica

Entidades de gestiĂłn de los derechos de propiedad intelectual

ArtesanĂas

Internet

Artes escĂŠnicas

Cine y video

DiseĂąo

MĂşsica

Artes visuales

MĂşsica

Moda

EdiciĂłn

Otras industrias culturales centrales

Artes escĂŠnicas

Cine y vĂdeo

TelevisiĂłn y radio

Cine

EdiciĂłn

MĂşsica

Juegos de video y computador

Museos y bibliotecas

Software

Artes escĂŠnicas

Industrias culturales perifĂŠricas Industrias culturales mĂĄs amplias

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Artes creativas

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Productos de consumo electrĂłnico

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Material virgen de grabaciĂłn

Juegos de video y computador

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Bienes de consumo electrĂłnico

Software

Juegos de video y computador

Instrumentos musicales

Deporte

Industrias relacionadas

Papel

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(SgGJDP La espiral del valor en las industrias creativas

Creador

Variaciones de las sorpresas de ayer

Usuario

copias vendidas Guiones y habilidades

Productor

Presentaciรณn original

Distribuidor

Fuente: Hutter (2006)

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MB DVMUVSB Z MB HFOFSBDJwO EF FNQMFP CJFOFTUBS Z DBMJEBE EF WJEB &O MPT |MUJNPT EPT BvPT FM TFDUPS DVMUVSBM FO $PTUB 3JDB IB HFOF SBEP OVFWPT FNQMFPT FO gSFBT DPNP QBUSJNPOJP Z BSUFT FTDnOJDBT Z FO EJWFSTBT EJTDJQMJOBT DPNP EJTFvP Z EJCVKP FOUSF PUSBT -PT USBCBKBEPSFT EF MB DPOTUSVDDJwO UBNCJnO IBO FODPOUSBEP FO FTUF TFDUPS GVFOUFT EF FNQMFP 5BNCJnO TF IB MPHSBEP BVNFOUBS FM CJFOFTUBS Z MB DBMJEBE EF WJEB EF MPT DPTUBSSJDFOTFT QPS MB EJTQPOJCJMJEBE RVF QPTFFO QBSB SFTQPOEFS EF NB OFSB NBTJWB B MPT QSPHSBNBT DVMUVSBMFT (SgยฏDP . Generaciรณn de empleo durante los รบltimos 3 aรฑos con respecto a los programas culturales Proyectos generados de empleo

Cantidad de personas contratadas. 2008

Cantidad de personas contratadas. 2009

Total

Tiempo completo

100

176

Medio tiempo

Proartes

334

566 (proyectado)

910

Festival Internacional de las Artes (FIA). Festival Nacional de las Artes (FNA)

300 (FIA)

250 (FNA)

550

Mejoramiento de infraestructura de los edi๏ฌ cios emblemรกticos

384

548 (proyectado)

932

Programa Becas Taller

Tiempo completo

2.215

2.912

5.127

Medio tiempo

SINEM

TOTAL

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DVMUVSB Z EFTBSSPMMP

MBT QPMrUJDBT DVMUVSBMFT QVFEFO TFS GPSNVMBEBT B QSJODJQBMNFOUF B QBSUJS EF DSJUFSJPT EF TBUJTGBDDJwO EF PQPSUVOJEBEFT P EFSFDIPT EF MPT JOEJWJEVPT DJVEBEBOPT C B QBSUJS EF MB DPOTFDVDJwO EF PCKFUJWPT EF DBSJ[ FDPOwNJDP Z D B QBSUJS EF MB PCUFODJwO EF JNQBDUPT DVZPT FGFDUPT FYUFSOPT TVQFSBO MB EJNFOTJwO JOEJWJEVBM P TFDUPSJBM QBSB PCUFOFS USBOTGPSNBDJPOFT EF EJNFO TJwO TPDJBM (SgGJDP Objetivos de la polรญtica cultural

CIUDADANร A

Garantizar las libertades individuales de expresiรณn, y comunicaciรณn artรญstica Reforzar la sensaciรณn de pertenencia e identidad Democratizar la participaciรณn en la construcciรณn simbรณlica de una cominidad

Mejorar la calidad de vida Satisfacer demandas que no posibilita el mercado Posibilitar la existencia de empleos de calidad como los del sector de la cultura

Generar cohesiรณn social y otros fines sociales

SECTORES

Generar ocupaciรณn y PIB Actividad complementaria para otros sectores productivos

ECONOMร A

Generar impacto econรณmico Mejorar la actividad del territorio

Educar, formar y transmitir valores

TERRITORIO

Democratizar el acceso a la cultura

SOCIEDAD

Promover la diversidad Promover la innovaciรณn sociopolรญtica Generar desarrollo Posibilitar un cambio de modelo productivo

Fuente: elaboraciรณn propia

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DVMUVSB Z EFTBSSPMMP

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&O &TQBvB TF QMBOUFB DPNP FTUSBUFHJB QBSB TVQFSBS MB DSJTJT FM DBNCJP EFM NPEFMP QSPEVDUJWP FYDFTJWBNFOUF FTDPSBEP FO MB |MUJNB EnDBEB IBDJB BDUJWJEBEFT DPNP MB DPOTUSVDDJwO Z FM UVSJTNP $VBOEP BDBEnNJDPT TJOEJDB MJTUBT P QPMrUJDPT NJFOUBO MB DVFTUJwO CgTJDBNFOUF TF SFÂ¯FSFO BM Â§EFTFPÂ¨ EF RVF FO WF[ EF RVF VOB QBSUF DPOTJEFSBCMF EF OVFTUSB SJRVF[B Z EF OVFTUSPT FNQMFPT TF PSJHJOFO FO FM TFDUPS EF MB DPOTUSVDDJwO P FM UVSJTNP DPO QSP EVDUJWJEBEFT NVZ CBKBT Z DPO PDVQBDJPOFT QPDP BUSBDUJWBT EJDIB SJRVF[B Z PDVQBDJwO TF VCJRVF FO MPT TFDUPSFT EF MB BFSPOgVUJDB MBT FOFSHrBT SFOPWB CMFT MPT TFDUPSFT EF MBT UJD MB CJPUFDOPMPHrB MB JOWFTUJHBDJwO V PUSPT TFSWJDJPT BWBO[BEPT /P IBZ OJOHVOB EVEB RVF IBZ BMHVOPT TFDUPSFT DBQBDFT EF HF OFSBS NBZPS SJRVF[B QPS USBCBKBEPS B RVF PUSPT Z OP IBZ OJOHVOB EVEB RVF IBZ TFDUPSFT RVF PGSFDFO FNQMFPT NgT BUSBDUJWPT RVF FM EF SFDFQDJPOJTUB EF IPUFM SFQPOFEPS FO VOB HSBO TVQFSÂ¯DJF P BMCBvJM EF QSJNFSB " QFTBS EF FTUB DPOUVOEFOUF FWJEFODJB SFTVMUB PCWJP RVF NPOUBS VO CBS FO VOB FTRVJOB USBOTJUBEB SFTVMUB SFMBUJWBNFOUF TFODJMMP NJFOUSBT RVF QBSB RVF VOB FNQSFTB EF CJPUFDOPMPHrB GVODJPOF DPNP OFHPDJP SFRVJFSF EF FMFWBEPT FTGVFS[PT FO * % J USBZFDUPSJBT EF JOWFTUJHBDJwO UFDOPMwHJDB DPO TPMJEBEBT GPSNBDJwO FO CVFOBT VOJWFSTJEBEFT MB FYJTUFODJB EF VO TJTUFNB Â¯OBODJFSP TPÂ¯TUJDBEP RVF BQVFTUF QPS FM DBQJUBM SJFTHP VO FOUSBNBEP SFMB DJPOBM FOUSF JOOPWBEPSFT JOWFSTJPOJTUBT DJVEBEFT BHSBEBCMFT RVF BUSBJHBO UBMFOUP BMHVOB BDDJwO Q|CMJDB RVF TVQFSF MB MwHJDB EF MB TVCWFODJwO VO FT QrSJUV TPDJBM RVF BTQJSF B BMHP NgT RVF PCUFOFS MB QMB[B EF GVODJPOBSJP B Z VO MBSHP FUDnUFSB Â§$BNCJBS EF NPEFMP QSPEVDUJWPÂ¨ SFRVJFSF EF QFSTFWFSBODJB DPPSEJ OBDJwO JOUFMJHFODJB DPMFDUJWB VO BNQMJP BDVFSEP QPMrUJDP EFCBUF JOUFMFDUVBM TPDJBM Z QPMrUJDP EF BMUVSB QFOTBNJFOUP FTUSBUnHJDP WJTJwO B MBSHP QMB[P FT USVDUVSBT EF NFEJBDJwO gHJMFT Z FÂ¯DJFOUFT NFDBOJTNPT USBOTQBSFOUFT F JO GPSNBEPT RVF QPTJCJMJUFO MB FWBMVBDJwO QFSNBOFOUF Z CgTJDBNFOUF UJFNQP /P DBCF EVEB RVF MBT USBOTGPSNBDJPOFT FTUSVDUVSBMFT EF MB FDPOPNrB FTQB vPMB EFCFO TFHVJS MB TFOEB RVF BMVNCSBCB MB "HFOEB EF -JTCPB QBSB -B WPMVOUBE EF TVQFSBS FM BUSBTP TFDVMBS FO * % MB USBOTGPSNBDJwO EF MBT VOJ WFSTJEBEFT FM 1MBO "WBO[B P MB JOUFSJPSJ[BDJwO EF MB JOOPWBDJwO QPS QBSUF EFM TJTUFNB QSPEVDUJWP SFBM Â¥ZB TFB FO FM gNCJUP EF MPT QSPDFTPT P MPT QSPEVDUPT EFTEF ;BSB Z .FSDBEPOB MPT BFSPHFOFSBEPSFT MB QJTDJDVMUVSB B MB HBTUSPOP NrB P MB FÂ¯DJFODJB EF BMHVOBT JOTUJUVDJPOFT Â¯OBODJFSBT Â¥ TPO QBTJMMPT QPS MPT RVF IB EF TFHVJS USBOTJUBOEP FM TJTUFNB FDPOwNJDP FTQBvPM 1FSP B DPSUP QMB[P IBZ RVF CVTDBS RVn TFDUPSFT QVFEFO DPO VO NFOPS DPTUF FO UnSNJOPT EF UJFNQP Z FTGVFS[P MJEFSBS FTF NPEFMP EF DBNCJP QSPEVDUJWP 1PS NVDIP RVF MFT TPSQSFOEB B BMHVOPT QPMJDZ NBLFST MPT TJHVJFOUFT QgSSBGPT BCPHBO QPSRVF MF QSFTUFNPT NBZPS BUFODJwO BM TFDUPS EF MB DVMUVSB DVMUVSB Z EFTBSSPMMP

6O QSJNFS QSFKVJDJP TPCSF FM TFDUPS EF MB DVMUVSB FT RVF FT VO TFDUPS EF FTDB TB EJNFOTJwO FDPOwNJDB 1FSP MPT EBUPT OP TPO EFTEFvBCMFT ZB RVF FTUBNPT IBCMBOEP EF VO DPOKVOUP EF BDUJWJEBEFT RVF QBSB ¥|MUJNP BvP BM RVF MMFHBO MBT DVFOUBT¥ TVQPOFO FM EFM 1*# QBSB MBT BDUJWJEBEFT DVMUVSBMFT Z FM QBSB FM DPOKVOUP EF MBT BDUJWJEBEFT WJODVMBEBT B MB QSPQJFEBE JOUF MFDUVBM WFS UBCMB 1BSB IBDFSTF VOB JEFB EF RVn TJHOJ¯DB FTB EJNFOTJwO QPEFNPT EFDJS RVF QBSB FTF NJTNP BvP TVQPOrB VO UBNBvP FO UnSNJOPT FDPOwNJDPT TJNJMBS BM TFDUPS QSJNBSJP BHSJDVMUVSB HBOBEFSrB Z QFTDB Z NgT EF VOB UFSDFSB QBSUF EFM TFDUPS EF MB DPOTUSVDDJwO ¥FTF NPOTUSVP RVF UPEP TF MP DPNJw¥ $PO OP NVDIP FTGVFS[P QPESrB TFS QMBVTJCMF ¯KBS QBSB FM ¯OBM EF MB MFHJTMBUVSB VO PCKFUJWP EFM 5BCMB .

Aportación de las actividades culturales al PIB. (En miles de euros) 2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

Patrimonio

Año

472.025 €

475.558 €

478.228 €

570.682 €

614.299 €

839.515 €

Archivos y Bibliotecas

304.661 €

392.740 €

350.855 €

386.177 €

371.377 €

395.288 €

Libros y Prensa

8.624.793 €

9.092.155 €

9.462.487 €

9.861.043 €

10.274.905 €

11.117.664 €

Artes Plásticas

904.690 €

897.562 €

964.009 €

1.041.620 €

1.069.517 €

1.103.264 €

Artes Escénicas

656.602 €

714.005 €

808.076 €

842.949 €

885.677 €

987.999 €

2.376.424 €

2.446.432 €

2.539.068 €

2.508.357 €

2.806.805 €

2.680.597 €

Audivisual y Multimedia

Cine y Vídeo Música Grabada Radio y Tv.

Interdisciplinar Total

392.524 €

445.435 €

513.047 €

533.156 €

522.576 €

521.224 €

3.375.076 €

3.809.604 €

4.431.106 €

4.517.535 €

4.757.027 €

4.712.258 €

1.810.487 €

2.089.622 €

2.125.740 €

2.293.334 €

2.727.777 €

3.165.710 €

18.917.282 €

20.363.113 €

21.672.616 €

22.554.854 €

24.029.960 €

25.523.520 €

Fuente: estimaciones propias.

"EFNgT FM TFDUPS EF MB DVMUVSB FT VO TFDUPS JOUFOTJWP FO USBCBKP QPS MP RVF SFTVMUB VO TFDUPS NVZ JOUFSFTBOUF QBSB VOB FDPOPNrB DPNP MB FTQBvPMB DPO QSPCMFNBT FTUSVDUVSBMFT QBSB FM FRVJMJCSJP EF MPT NFSDBEPT EF USBCBKP -PT EBUPT FWJEFODJBO MB DSFDJFOUF PDVQBDJwO FO FM TFDUPS EF MB DVMUVSB WFS UBCMB &M TJHVJFOUF QSFKVJDJP FT MB FTDBTB DPNQFUJUJWJEBE JOUFSOBDJPOBM EF MB QSPEVDDJwO DVMUVSBM FTQBvPMB 1FSP &TQBvB TF TJU|B FOUSF MPT QSJODJQBMFT FY QPSUBEPSFT F JNQPSUBEPSFT EF CJFOFT DVMUVSBMFT EFM NVOEP &T SFMFWBOUF FM JNQPSUBOUF QBQFM KVHBEP QPS FM QPUFOUF TFDUPS FEJUPSJBM ¥FO EF MPT MJCSPT NgT WFOEJEPT FO FM NVOEP USFT FSBO QSPZFDUPT FEJUPSJBMFT FTQBvPMFT¥ QFSP UBNQPDP RVFEBO BUSgT PUSPT TFDUPSFT DPNP MBT BSUFT QMgTUJDBT &O FM TFDUPS EF MB DVMUVSB TF QVFEFO JEFOUJ¯DBS ZB BMHVOBT CVFOBT DPOEJDJPOFT EF QBSUJEB RVF UJFOFO RVF WFS DPO VOB TJHOJ¯DBUJWB EJNFOTJwO MB QPTJUJWB -B SFOPWBDJwO EF MBT QPMrUJDBT Q|CMJDBT Z EFM NBSDP SFHVMBUPSJP QBSB FM TFDUPS DVMUVSBM

5BCMB .

AportaciĂłn de las actividades culturales al empleo. Puestos de trabajo equivalentes a tiempo completo (en miles) 2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

Patrimonio

AĂąo

16,2

17,7

20,2

24,3

31,6

37,4

Archivos y Bibliotecas

10,7

14,7

13,3

13,7

14,4

15,5

Libros y Prensa

242,1

245,8

245,9

241,8

250,1

252,2

Artes PlĂĄsticas

29,4

37,1

38,3

40,1

41,4

45,1

Artes EscĂŠnicas

29,0

32,0

32,6

29,7

31,0

31,6

Cine y VĂdeo

36,6

41,9

46,7

50,6

51,2

55,7

MĂşsica Grabada

11,8

15,7

13,7

14,6

12,6

12,8

Radio y Tv

Audiovisual y Multimedia

73,4

76,8

86,9

85,8

80,9

82,9

Interdisciplinar

80,9

87,4

95,4

92,7

104,0

110,8

Total

530,0

569,0

593,0

593,2

617,4

644,0

Fuente: estimaciones propias.

QFSDFQDJwO JOUFSOBDJPOBM EF &TQBvB DPNP DVMUVSB QVKBOUF Z ÂŻOBMNFOUF MB FYJTUFODJB EF VOB NBTB DSrUJDB EF QSPGFTJPOBMFT EF MB HFTUJwO DVMUVSBM RVF EPNJOBO BMHVOBT DBQBDJEBEFT Z IBCJMJEBEFT OFDFTBSJBT QBSB MPT QSPDFTPT EF JOUFSOBDJPOBMJ[BDJwO &O FTUF TFOUJEP SFTVMUB EFTUBDBCMF RVF FM JDFY EFTBSSP MMF VO QMBO QBSB MB JOUFSOBDJPOBMJ[BDJwO EF MBT JOEVTUSJBT DVMUVSBMFT 5BNQP DP GBMUB FM SFQPTJUPSJP OFDFTBSJP EF JDPOPT DVMUVSBMFT ÂĽQFSTPOBT FWFOUPT Z EJTDVSTPTÂĽ DPO QSPZFDDJwO JOUFSOBDJPOBM RVF BQPZBO MB WJTJCJMJ[BDJwO EF MBT DVMUVSBT FTQBvPMBT : ÂŻOBMNFOUF FM UFSDFS QSFKVJDJP TPCSF FM TFDUPS EF MB DVMUVSB SFDBMDB TV FTDBTB QSPEVDUJWJEBE /VFTUSPT FTUVEJPT SFGVUBO EJDIB BÂŻSNBDJwO Z BM DPO USBSJP OPT BQBSFDF RVF FM EBUP EF MB QSPEVDUJWJEBE EF MPT TFDUPSFT DVMUVSBMFT FO &TQBvB SFTVMUB DSFDJFOUF B MP MBSHP EFM QFSrPEP DPOTJEFSBEP Z RVF BEFNgT TF TJU|B QPS FODJNB EFM DPOKVOUP EFM TFDUPS TFSWJDJPT WFS UBCMB 5BCMB .

Productividad de los sectores culturales y del sector servicios (2000-2005) 2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

Tasa de VariaciĂłn Interanual

Total agrupaciones sector servicios

30.120 â&#x201A;Ź

30.475 â&#x201A;Ź

31.896 â&#x201A;Ź

32.691 â&#x201A;Ź

33.815 â&#x201A;Ź

34.949 â&#x201A;Ź

3,02

Actividades culturales

35.693 â&#x201A;Ź

35.786 â&#x201A;Ź

36.548 â&#x201A;Ź

38.025 â&#x201A;Ź

38.922 â&#x201A;Ź

39.632 â&#x201A;Ź

2,12

Actividades vinculadas a los derechos de autor *

39.241 â&#x201A;Ź

40.456 â&#x201A;Ź

41.747 â&#x201A;Ź

43.367 â&#x201A;Ź

44.769 â&#x201A;Ź

46.272 â&#x201A;Ź

3,35

Actividades vinculadas a los derechos de autor OMPI

40.553 â&#x201A;Ź

41.617 â&#x201A;Ź

42.787 â&#x201A;Ź

44.334 â&#x201A;Ź

45.768 â&#x201A;Ź

47.249 â&#x201A;Ź

3,10

Fuente: Instituto Nacional de EstadĂstica. Encuesta anual de servicios para el sector servicios. EstimaciĂłn propia el resto.

DVMUVSB Z EFTBSSPMMP

(SgGJDP Comparaciรณn de la productividad de los sectores culturales con la productividad del sector servicios 50.000 โ ฌ Actividades vinculadas a los derechos de autor OMPI

48.000 โ ฌ 46.000 โ ฌ 44.000 โ ฌ

Actividades vinculadas a los derechos de autor

42.000 โ ฌ 40.000 โ ฌ 38.000 โ ฌ

Actividades culturales

36 .000 โ ฌ 34 .000 โ ฌ Total agrupaciones sector servicios

32 .000 โ ฌ 30 .000 โ ฌ 2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

4J BEFNgT DPNQBSBNPT DPO BMHVOBT EF MBT BHSVQBDJPOFT EFM TFDUPS TFSWJDJPT QPEFNPT DPNQSPCBS RVF MBT BDUJWJEBEFT DVMUVSBMFT Z MBT BDUJWJEB EFT WJODVMBEBT B MPT EFSFDIPT EF BVUPS NVFTUSBO VOBT QSPEVDUJWJEBEFT RVF TF TJU|BO QPS FODJNB EF BHSVQBDJPOFT EFM TFDUPS TFSWJDJPT DPNP FM UVSJTNP MPT TFSWJDJPT B MBT FNQSFTBT P MPT TFSWJDJPT QFSTPOBMFT WFS HSgยฏDP " QFTBS EF FMMP UBNCJnO IBZ RVF DPOTUBUBS RVF MPT TFSWJDJPT MJHBEPT B MB ยงTPDJFEBE EF MB JOGPSNBDJwOยจ TPO NgT QSPEVDUJWPT BTr DPNP MPT TFSWJDJPT EF JONPCJMJB SJBT Z BMRVJMFSFT 'JOBMNFOUF FM TFDUPS USBOTQPSUF NVFTUSB VOB QSPEVDUJWJEBE NVZ TJNJMBS BM EF MBT BDUJWJEBEFT DVMUVSBMFT 4J SFBMJ[BNPT VO BOgMJTJT QPS TVCTFDUPSFT QPEFNPT DBUBMPHBS DVBUSP UJ QPT EF DPNQPSUBNJFOUPT QPS VOB QBSUF UFOFNPT B MPT TFDUPSFT RVF NVFTUSBO VOB QSPEVDUJWJEBE TVQFSJPS B MB NFEJB EFM DPOKVOUP Z RVF BEFNgT NVFTUSBO UBTBT EF DSFDJNJFOUP EF MB QSPEVDUJWJEBE QPTJUJWBT &O FTUB QSJNFSB BHSVQB DJwO FODPOUSBNPT B QSgDUJDBNFOUF B MB UPUBMJEBE EF MBT EFOPNJOBEBT JOEVT USJBT DVMUVSBMFT MB .|TJDB (SBCBEB MB 3BEJP Z 5FMFWJTJwO Z FM TFDUPS EFM -JCSP Z 1SFOTB WFS HSgยฏDP 4F USBUB EF TFDUPSFT RVF IBO WJWJEP FO MB |MUJNB EnDBEB VO TPSQSFOEFOUF ยงTIPDL UFDOPMwHJDPยจ RVF IB USBOTGPSNBEP DPNQMFUB NFOUF OP TwMP MB GVODJwO EF QSPEVDDJwO DPO VOB DBrEB DPOTJEFSBCMF EF MPT DPTUFT EF QSPEVDDJwO TJOP UBNCJnO MPT NPEPT EF EJTUSJCVDJwO Z DPOTVNP &TUBNPT QPS UBOUP BOUF BRVFMMPT TFDUPSFT DVMUVSBMFT NgT JOUFOTJWPT FO UFD OPMPHrBT Z RVF NgT IBO QPEJEP WFSTF GBWPSFDJEPT QPS MBT SFEVDDJPOFT EF MPT DPTUPT EF QSPEVDDJwO QFSP RVF UBNCJnO TF FOGSFOUBO B VO OVFWP NPEFMP EF BDUJWJEBE QSPEVDUJWB EBEPT MPT DBNCJPT FO MPT NPEFMPT EF EJTUSJCVDJwO Z DPOTVNP &M DPNQPSUBNJFOUP NgT P NFOPT FSSgUJDP EF MB QSPEVDUJWJEBE EFM -B SFOPWBDJwO EF MBT QPMrUJDBT Q|CMJDBT Z EFM NBSDP SFHVMBUPSJP QBSB FM TFDUPS DVMUVSBM

(SgGJDP Productividad de las โ industrias culturalesโ , 2000-2005 64.000 โ ฌ Radio y televisiรณn

59.000 โ ฌ 54.000 โ ฌ 49.000 โ ฌ

Libros y prensa

44.000 โ ฌ Mรบsica grabada

39.000 โ ฌ

Total

34.000 โ ฌ 29.000 โ ฌ 24.000 โ ฌ 19.000 โ ฌ 2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

Total

35.693

35.786

36.548

38.025

38.922

39.632

Libros y prensa

35.626

36.990

38.478

40.782

41.075

44.082

Mรบsica grabada

33.405

28.313

37.352

36.561

41.505

40.689

Rรกdio y Tv.

45.993

49.627

50.997

52.664

58.774

56.812

TFDUPS EF MB .|TJDB (SBCBEB FWJEFODJB CJFO FTUB QBSBEwKJDB DPNCJOBDJwO EF PQPSUVOJEBEFT Z BNFOB[BT RVF FTUg TVQPOJFOEP FM DBNCJP UFDOPMwHJDP &O MB TFHVOEB BHSVQBDJwO UFOFNPT BM TFDUPS $JOF Z 7rEFP RVF QSFTFO UB VOB QSPEVDUJWJEBE QPS FODJNB EF MB NFEJB QFSP DPO MBT UBTBT EF WBSJBDJwO JOUFSBOVBM NgT OFHBUJWBT EFM UPUBM EF MPT TFDUPSFT DPOTJEFSBEPT 1BSFDF CJFO DMBSP RVF FM TFDUPS $JOF Z 7rEFP TVDVNCF DMBSBNFOUF BOUF MBT BNFOB[BT RVF FM OVFWP NPEFMP UFDOPMwHJDP JNQPOF FO MPT NPEPT EF EJTUSJ CVDJwO Z DPOTVNP "Tr $JOF Z 7rEFP QBTB EF NPTUSBS MBT UBTBT EF QSPEVDUJWJ EBE NgT BMUBT EF UPEPT MPT TFDUPSFT BM JOJDJP EFM QFSrPEP DPOTJEFSBEP โ ฌ B TJUVBSTF FO WBMPSFT DPOWFSHFOUFT B MB NFEJB BM ยฏOBM EFM QFSrPEP โ ฌ UPEP FMMP B QFTBS EF VO SFQVOUF EVSBOUF FM BvP -B UFSDFSB BHSVQBDJwO MB QPEFNPT PCTFSWBS FO BRVFMMPT TFDUPSFT RVF NVFTUSBO VOB QSPEVDUJWJEBE QPS EFCBKP EF MB NFEJB QFSP RVF NVFTUSBO UBTBT EF WBSJBDJwO JOUFSBOVBM DSFDJFOUFT QPS MP RVF WBO DPOWFSHJFOEP IB DJB MB QSPEVDUJWJEBE NFEJB &T FM DBTP EF MBT "SUFT &TDnOJDBT Z FM %PNJOJP *OUFSEJTDJQMJOBS &O FM DBTP EFM TFHVOEP DPODFQUP EBEP RVF FKFSDF VO QPDP EF DBKwO EF TBTUSF OP OPT BUSFWFNPT B BWFOUVSBS DVBMFT TPO MBT DBVTBT QFSP QBSB MBT "SUFT &TDnOJDBT BQVOUBNPT RVF MB JODPSQPSBDJwO EFM GPSNBUP EFM HnOFSP NVTJDBM TFHVSBNFOUF QVFEF FYQMJDBS QBSUF EF FTUB QSPEVDUJWJEBE DSFDJFOUF 4F USBUB EF VO HnOFSP DPO VOBT FTUSVDUVSBT EF QSPEVDDJwO NVDIP ยงNgT JOEVTUSJBMJ[BEBTยจ Z QSPGFTJPOBMJ[BEBT RVF FM HnOFSP NgT DPOWFODJPOBM DVMUVSB Z EFTBSSPMMP

(SgGJDP

Productividad de Patrimonio, Artes Plรกsticas y Archivos y Bibliotecas. 2000-2005 44.000 โ ฌ 39.000 โ ฌ Total 34.000 โ ฌ

29.000 โ ฌ

Archivos y bibliotecas

24.000 โ ฌ

Artes plรกsticas Patrimonio

19.000 โ ฌ 2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

Total

35.693

35.786

36.548

38.025

38.922

39.632

Artes plรกsticas

30.724

24.217

25.189

25.946

25.834

24.473

Archivos y bibliotecas

28.534

26.761

26.434

28.239

25.826

25.517

Patrimonio

29.215

26.849

23.707

23.524

19.436

22.460

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