CNC Fundamentals

CNC FUNDAMENTALS

SHOP BOT

A Comprehensive guide for the DFL beginner

Written by: Blake Anderson

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ABOUT THE AUTHOR

My name is Blake Anderson and I worked in the DFL for 2 years at SIUC. One of those years being a GA worker. I missed out on a lot of instruction on the CNC machine due to the COVID 19 Pandemic making classes go online and not being allowed at the school. As a result, I had limited knowledge on the CNC machine upon starting my Graduate Assistantship. So, as an independent study I devoted time to learning more about the CNC machine, methods, and proper operation of the machine and decided to document all of my findings into this DFL User guide. I hope that future workers can learn from this document to help jumpstart their knowelege into the field of Computer Numerical controlled devices and can build upon this tutorial for future reference.

CONTENTS SECTION 01

INTRODUCTION

03 - 07

SECTION 02

SHOP

09 - 21

SECTION 03

HOLD DOWNS

23 - 29

SECTION 04

BITS

31 - 33

SECTION 05

SOFTWARE

35 - 41

SECTION 06

TUTORIALS

43 - 53

SECTION 07

REFERENCES

55 - 63

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i SECTION 01

INTRODUCTION

Whats covered?

What is CNC Types of CNC Fabrication Workflow

INTRODUCTION

WHAT IS CNC

CNC stands for Computer Numerical Control. It is a mechanical process that is computer controlled. The computer feeds the machine a list of coodinates on multiple axis and the machine moves from point to point until the shape is created. It is similar to a 3d printer in the way that it operates, however a CNC uses subtractive manufacturing meaning that it carves away unneeded material to produce the desired shape. Where a 3d printers utilize additive manufacturing where the build plate starts with nothing, and the machine adds material to make the shape.

WHY CNC

Due to the accuracy and ability of the CNC to carve away materials and utilize up to 5 axis, it is arguably the only way to produce high precision parts. The machine will move exactly as instructed, and is capable of producing very intricate designs that would be impossible with manual tools.

THE GOOD

The CNC machine is able to fabricate work very accuratly, and in a variety of materials from plastic to titanium. Its ability to utilize up to 5 axis makes the routers very versatile and the creation of parts are endless.

THE BAD

The machine works by spinning a sharp blade at high speeds to rip material away. So many things could go wrong.

No program will think for you. It is important to do proper research, pick the right miling techniques and use the proper tool, RPM, feed rate and other factors to get the proper shape.

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TYPES OF CNC

There are benefits and limitations for each of the different types of CNC machines. Most of this guide revolves around our 3 axis Shop Bot that we have in the DFL. However it is importatnt to understand the different types and what their capabilities are to understand the limitations of our machine.

CNC MILLING / 3 AXIS MACHINES In the DFl we utilize a Shop Bot PR Salpha Gantry. It is a 3 axis 96” x 48” milling machine. The spindle moves on the x, y and z axis while the material is fastened to the bed and stays stationary. The limitations of the machine are that the bit can not carve underneat overhangs. But with careful planning of the part, most projects can be completed with this type of machine.

WHAT CAN BE MADE?

Carvings, or signs (Utilizing 3D cutting

2D profiles for furniture, projects,

toolpaths)

games, etc

INTRODUCTION CNC TURNING CNC Turning, also known as CNC lathes. These work by attatching the material to the machine that spins the material and carves away until the desired cylindrical profile is left.

WHAT CAN BE MADE?

Tools, parts, often for projects that require a large number of the same products.

https://all3dp.com/2/what-is-cnc-turning-simply-explained/

https://www.thomasnet.com/articles/custom-manufacturing-fabricating/ understanding-cnc-machining/ https://www.worthyhardware.com/cnc-lathe-machine-function/

9 5 AXIS MACHINE 5 Axis Machines are able to move in the X, Y, and Z direction, but also rotate the machine bed and/or the tool head to make complex forms. The disadvantage of these machines is the knowledge and experience required to utilize the machine to its full potential as well as the cost.

WHAT CAN BE MADE?

Complex forms https://www.alfateh.de/en/solutions/5-axis-milling/ https://www.mazakusa.com/machines/process/5-axis/

INTRODUCTION

FABRICATION WORKFLOW We will get into details later, but in general, a CAD drawing or a .STL part file is created and then uploaded to the CAM software which allows simulation of the cut file with parameters set by the user. Then the toolpaths are created and sent to the machine which then runs the part file thus creating the part.

https://www.highcrossdesigns.com/news/what-is-cnc-machining/

http://rodneyd.fabcloud.io/fa2018/fa2018/assets/Make-Getting_Started_with_

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Chapter 2

Shop Using the right router bit is essiential in every CNC project.

Different bits are useful in different situations and using the wrong one could greatly affect cut time, and quality of the finished product.

Whats covered?

Shop Layout Saftey ShopBot

SHOP

SHOP LAYOUT Our DFL shop layout can be seen below.

Dust Collector

Dust Collector on Switch CNC Work Station

Shop Bot CNC Machine

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DUST COLLECTOR

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The dust collector is turned on by the switch located next to the work station desk. It must be turned on when the CNC machine is cutting parts to minimize the amount of saw dust in the room.

CNC WORK STATION This is where all the toolpaths are created for the CNC machine to run as well as controls to operate the CNC machine

SHOP BOT CNC Machine The Shop Bot PR Salpha Gantry is what we utilze in the DFL for CNC milling.

SHOP BOT ORINETATION Notice how the X and Y axis oreientation is for the machine and how it relates to the axis in the software. It is a common mistake for them to get mixed up and it results in wrong cuts.

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SAFTEY •

Thoroughly understand the CNC machine and how to use it before attempting to operate it

•

Always wear safety glasses and ear protection before starting the CNC spindle

•

Tie up long hair

•

Wear close toed shoes

•

Keep hands away from moving parts and do not clear away scraps until machine is done running

•

Stand clear of the machine when in operation

•

Do not leave the CNC machine unattended

•

Do not wear loose fitting clothing

•

Be familiar with all of the emergency stop button locations as well as placement of the fire extinguishers.

•

Do not become distracted while operating the machine

•

Keep shop clean

•

Do not attempt to touch, change or repair parts of the machine when in operation

•

Do not run machine without turning dust collector on

•

Keep Workspace Tidy.

SHOP

SHOPBOT

https://www.shopbottools.com/ShopBotDocs/files/PRSAlphaAssyGuideBinder.pdf

Frame The frame is the main support for the CNC machine

Rail The rail is what the gantry slides on. It is important to make sure the rail is clear of debris and obstructions.

Spoil Board The spoil board is a sacrificial layer that projects are mounted to during a cut. It is important to limit how deep the drill bit goes into the spoil board (but it must slightly to cut all the way through the project material) but deep gouges must be avoided by carefully measuring and zeroing the z axis.

Dust Hose The dust hose is connected to the dust collector and the dust boot (below the spindle). The dust boot can be moved up and down depending on the length of the bit.

Control Box The control Box is the main on switch and brains of the CNC machine. It is necessary to turn the red knob and the key to turn on the machine. The wrench is attached to the key and is necessary to turn the key off to use the wrench to change the drill bit.

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Chapter 3

Hold Down Methods When cutting a piece of material, the material must be fastened to the spoil board or it will end up moving from the force exerted on it from the drill bit. There are multiple methods for this.

Whats covered?

Screws Vacuum Clamps

HOLD DOWN METHODS

HOLD DOWN METHODS

It is necessary to attatch the material you are cutting to the cnc machine so it doesnt move when the drill bit starts carving away material. When it moves it could cause damage to the machine, the material or both. Also warped wood must be fastened down flat to have accurate cuts.

Screws Since we have a spoil board we use screws most of the time. This is a quick and easy method that works well for most materials. However, this requires careful planning to make sure that all the screws are clear of the c ut path. With larger jobs you may want tocreate a hold down toolpath based on the location of other toolpaths in the file. This will create clearance holes for the screws in locations that you know are safe.

T Track Tables/Rails This is very common on 5 axis machines such as the Shop Bot Buddy. It is an aluminum table base that is ideal for setting up movable clamps and fixtures.

Vacuum A well sealed vacuum system can be one of the most convenient and effective hold down methods. It is ideal for repetitive cutti ng of plywood and other large sheet materials. However, for DFL purposes we cannot utilize vacuum hold downs without first buying kits for the CNC machine.

17 Clamps Whether you are working with a metal T track table or a spoil-board, there are a variety of clamps that you can use to secure your material.

Clamps offer strong holding power and are ideal when you do not have excess material to drive screws into. However, they require careful planning to avoid running the tool into the clamps.

These could be any type of clamp such as C clamps, or even made out of scrapwood if you cant drill into your material. Just make sure there is no wiggle room for the material when you clamp it.

Press Fit Jigs A tight press fit jig provides good holding power and can be made quickly and accurately using the Shopbot. This is a good solution for holding small work pieces, extra thick material, or if the material has already been cut to its final size and there is no room for screws. Just make a jig out of scrap material that is the size and shape of your piece you want cut. Make sure if is a tight fit and don’t leave much space for tolerances.

Tabs Once you secure your material, you still need to consider what will happen to parts as you cut them out. Large parts may shift as they are cut free, leading to a small gouge or notch along the edge. Smaller parts can be destroyed or thrown by the CNC.

shop bot hold downs pdf

HOLD DOWN METHODS

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Chapter 4

ROUTER BITS Using the right router bit is essiential in every CNC project.

Different bits are useful in different situations and using the wrong one could greatly affect cut time, and quality of the finished product.

Whats covered?

Flutes End Shape Collets Links

ROUTER BITS

FLUTES The purpose of this chapter is to give the reader a basic understanding of the different types of bits that are availabe to use in the Shop Bot CNC machine in the DFL. Different bits are needed for varying projects and cutting paths.

MATERIALS Bits are made from a variety of materials, but the recommended bits are made from solid carbide or carbide tipped.

FLUTES The number of cutting edges a bit has is referred to as flutes. Increasing the number of flutes makes the bit stronger, but decreases the rate of chip flow. The more flutes there are, the slower you need to cut but the smoother the finish.

HTTP://WWW.CARBIDE.MHT.CO.TH/TECHNICAL_INFORMATION/TEC_ROTATING_TOOLS/TEC_HEAD_E CHANGEABLE/TEC_HEAD_EXCHANGEABLE_TECHNICAL/TEC_SOLID_END_MILLS_TERMINOLOGY

EX-

21 STRAIGHT FLUTE Straight flute bits have their cutting edges parallel to the body of the shank. The image to the right shows 3 flutes. This bit provides good cutting edge quality on most materials Moderate Chip Clearing abilities Ideal for general cutting, 2d profile paths.

Cautions: Do not plunge with this bit unless it is an endmill. This can result in a fire. Use ramps when starting a cut path.

SPIRAL UP CUT A spiral bit has its cutting edges in a helix around the body of the bit. Since a cutting edge is in contact with the material the entire time, the result is a smoother cut with less vibration.

The flutes on an upcut are on the top edge of the spiral. This pulls the wood chips up and away from the cutting area. The disadvantage of this type of bit is that it pulls up on the material which can cause it to flex and make the cut inaccurate. It can also chip the top face of the material.

SPIRAL DOWN CUT A spiral bit has its cutting edges in a helix around the body of the bit. Since a cutting edge is in contact with the material the entire time, the result is a smoother cut with less vibration.

The flutes on a down cut bit are on the bottom edge of the spiral. It pushes the material downwards to the bed and helps keep it in place. It provides a smooth clean cut on the top surface of the material. The disadvantage is that saw dust gets packed into the grooves and is missed by the dust collector. It must be cleaned by the operator.

Cautions: If plunging or drilling straight into the material the build up of saw dust and added friction can cause a fire.

COMPRESSION A spiral bit has its cutting edges in a helix around the body of the bit. Since a cutting edge is in contact with the material the entire time, the result is a smoother cut with less vibration.

The compression bit is a mix between the up cut and down cut bit. The lower portion has up cut flutes and the upper portion has down cut flutes. This provides a clean cut edge on both sides of the material.

ROUTER BITS

END SHAPE Different projects require different shapes of bits. You wouldnt want to use the spoil board cutter to carve 3d topography. So below is a list of the different shaped bits and when they are typically used.

END MILLS End mills are beneficial for creating the proper type of pocket when cutting. The square end mill or flat end mill will create a smooth bottom surface when pocket cutting. However it must be ramped in or it can burn or cause fire.

The ball nose end mill is perfect for 3d carving: like topography, or details. But can also be used in the 3d roughing cut to remove a lot of material.

Smaller end mills can be used for intricate details.

HTTPS://OOZNEST.CO.UK/PRODUCT/SOLIDCARBIDE-END-MILL-STARTER-KIT/

V SHAPE The V Shape bit is often used for V carving, typically signs or lettering. They often come in 30, 45, 90, 120 degrees. Use the angle that best suits the intended outcome. The deeper the bit goes into the material, the wider the cut.

HTTPS://WWW.AMAZON.CO.UK/90-DEGREE-TITANIUM-CARBIDE-TIPPED-ENGRAVING-WOODWORKING/DP/B07PVFG57J

FORM BITS This style of bit contains a wide variety of different options. Some basic forms are shown to the right. These are often used to make decorative grooves in wooden material, especially cabinetry.

SPOIL BOARD CUTTER The spoil board cutter is used to level the spoil board, or other large pieces of material.

HTTPS://WWW.MSCDIRECT.COM/PRODUCT/ DETAILS/09886755

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COLLETS A collet is designed to hold a bit into the router with more force than a typical drill chuck. However, a drill chuck has to be the proper size for its respective collet. The collet we use on the shop bot is a simple collet and nut combination that is operated with two hand held wrenches. We must change the collet any time we change to a bit with a different shank diameter. These collets wear out every 300-500 hours.

HTTPS://WWW.ROUTERFORUMS.COM/THREADS/STUCK-COLLET-DEWALT-625.24141/#LG=THREAD-24141&SLIDE=0

REMOVING THE COLLET The user must take the two wrenches, and place them on the nut and spindle to release the drill bit. Then unscrew the nut and the collet will be attached to it. Press firmly on the top of the collet in a sideways direction to loosen it from the nut.

INSTALLING THE COLLET When you install the new collet, make sure it is the appropriate size for the drill bit that will be inserted. Now is a good time to place the bit in the collet to see how far it needs to go in. Place the bit in the bottom of the collet and let the shank go to the top of the collet. No further no less. I like to take a sharpie and mark the bit right below the bottom of the collet so when I put it in later I will know exactly how to place it. Next attach the collet to the nut and screw the nut into the spindle. Finger tighten it and put the drill bit in. Then tighten the nut firmly but do not press as hard as you can. Ill try to explain this better in the tutorials section.

ROUTER BITS

PURCHASING ITEMS Occasionaly bits break, and are in need or replacing. The bits listed below are ones that were present in the lab when I worked there. The links associated with them are for the exact ones we used. There are plenty of other options for bits that can work in the CNC.

1 SOA 1/4 DOWN-CUT BIT This is an endmill bit used for 2d profile cut paths. https://toolsxp.com/products/onsrud-48-005?_pos=1&_sid=6c9ab3ea8&_ss=r

1/4” OR 1/8” BALL NOSE These bits are perfect for 3d carving, and 3d roughing tool paths. https://www.mscdirect.com/product/details/07760465

1/8” EP25 COLLET https://toolsxp.com/products/techniks-04225-1-8?_pos=18&_sid=3c3f3f76e&_ss=r https://www.zoro.com/techniks-er-collet-er25-18-in-04225-18/i/G9405715/

1/4” EP25 COLLET https://toolsxp.com/products/techniks-04225-1-4?_pos=14&_sid=3c3f3f76e&_ss=r https://www.zoro.com/techniks-er-collet-er25-14-in-04225-14/i/G9405706/

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Chapter 5

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Whats covered?

File Preparation Software CNC software.

SOFTWARE

PREPARATION SOFTWARE This is a list of software that is what I recommend to use to make files for the CNC machine. There are other programs that you can use. But this is what I have used successfully. If is is a 2d cut (profile cuts on just the X & Y axis, no carving) then you need a .dwg file for the CNC. If its a 3D cut, using the X,Y,Z axis’ then you need a .stl file.

HTTPS://SUPPORT.SHAPR3D.COM/HC/EN-US/ARTICLES/115001761794-HOW-ARE-PHYSICAL-MODELS-CREATED-FROM-3D-DESIGNS-

AUTODESK AUTOCAD Autocad is what I recommend to prepare files for 2D cuts. See the tutorial chapter for how to set up a file properly.

GOOGLE SKETCHUP Sketchup is what I like to use to make 3d part files and export them with an extension to get an .stl file. Making of the file is the students responsibilty and they can choose any program they like as long as they can provide an .stl file.

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CNC SOFTWARE This is a list of software that is on the CNC computer in the DFL. These are paid programs that we do not have access to as students. We receive/prepare the .dwg or .stl file on a personal computer using the above programs, and then bring it to the DFL computer, and use the softwares below to tell the machine what to do .

ASPIRE/VCARVE These softwares are almost identical. The difference is Aspire’s ability to produce 3d objects inside the software where in Vcarve it needs to be loaded in.

Aspire is the main program we use to set parameters in the part file and make toolpaths for the CNC machine to read and cut out of material.

See the tutorial chapter, and the vcarve user manual for more information.

SHOPBOT The ShopBot software is the command center for the ShopBot CNC machine. There are commands to move the router around the machine bed, zero the axis’, and load the part files to prepare for the cut.

SOFTWARE

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Chapter 6

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Whats covered?

TUTORIALS

2D PROJECT OVERVIEW The student wanted to make a plywood topography for his model. This could have been done on the laser but would have required many seperate sheets that are small enough for the laser which would have cost more money and produced more waste. By opting to CNC it made the project easier and faster. The student sent me an autocad file of the contours he wanted cut out and organized on his 4’ x 8’ piece of material.

FILE PREPARATION This project will be a 2d cut (many flat pieces stacked up and glued together. The finished file is show in the following screenshot of autocad.

The red lines are the contours of the topography to cut out. Make sure these are all joined (one continuous path), overkilled, trimmed corners, etc or it will not cut right.

The white box is the size of the plywood the student has provided. Notice how the X,Y origin is in the bottom left corner. The CNC machine will read this origin. So if you have the project in a different location, it will not cut properly.

The project is orientated horizontally to align with the CNC bed The white circles are for screws to screw the plywood to the spoil board of the CNC machine.

Once satisfied with the file, save it to a jump drive and take it to the CNC computer.

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ASPIRE/VCARVE The picture below is a screenshot of Aspire, installed on the DFL CNC computer. Open it from the desktop and click “Open existing file” The select the .dwg file from the jump drive.

Note: Make a new file on the desktop for all of the files associated with this cut to go into.

TUTORIALS JOB SET UP This is where you set parameters for the CNC machine to know the correct size of your project.

JOB TYPE Our current Shop Bot is only able to cut one sided projects. So chose single sided.

JOB SIZE Enter in the X,Y and Z dimensions of your material. The size of the project is going to be 96” x 48” x .25”. It is a standard 1/4, 4’x8’ sheet of plywood. The existing dimensions are from the previous project. Also make sure you have the proper units selected that you want to use.

Z ZERO POSITION This tells the machine where we will be zeroing the Z axis of the machine at later in the process. I like to chose the material surface

XY DATUM POSITION This chooses the 0,0 XY position in the project. I always create the model in the top right portion of the autocad or sketchup software. Which means 0,0 is in the bottom left. So I chose the bottom left option.

MODELING RESOLUTION AND APPEARANCE Here you can change the quality of the rendered preview in the software, and what material you want the preview material to be.

Double check and make sure everything is correct and press okay. (these can be changed later if needed)

TOOLPATHS Now we are ready to start making toolpaths.

When we create a toolpath, we are telling the machine how to cut out the material.

Click on the toolpath button, pin it if desired.

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Select all circles for drilling by holding shift and clicking them, then click drilling toolpath

DRILLING TOOLPATH First we want to create a drilling toolpath so the machine can make a little hole so we know where to put screws in. Sometimes you can skip this step, but with how tight together these pieces are, we dont want to risk putting a screw in the path of the machine because it will destoy the bit and cause danger to the operator.

CUTTING DEPTHS The start depth will be the place you zero the machine at, which we selected the material surface eariler. So the start depth should be 0.0 inches. The material thickness is .25”. However we just need to make a mark where the screw goes. So enter any value here, such as .125. It will only drill into the material .125”.

CUTTING DEPTHS The start depth will be the place you zero the machine at, which we selected the material surface eariler. So the start depth should be 0.0 inches. The material thickness is .25”. However due to imperfections in the bed and the material, it is recommended to go slightly deeper than the material to ensure cut through.

TOOL Here is where you select which bit to use. When drilling, it is important to make sure we use and end mill. (Reference Chapter 2, router bits)

PECK DRILLING We want to make sure to put several inches in the retract gab box. Since the material is not yet screwed down to the spoil board, it could be warped, and the bit could drag across the surface, damaging it.

Ive never touched the other options listed here. Click calculate

TUTORIALS

PREVIEW TOOLPATH Now Aspire is showing us a preview of the toolpath. The machine will start in the bottom left corner, and go to each of the drill holes that we selected earlier. It automatically claculates the most efficient route.

Over on the right side you can change the aesthetics of the render, and play and pause and change the speed of the preview.

PROFILE TOOLPATH A profile toolpath cuts out a shape on the X&Y axis.

For this project we need to make 2 profile toolpaths. This is because we need to cut on the inside of some shapes and the outside of other shapes. So select the shapes for the first profile toolpath. I have selected them and they are shown in purple in the picture to the left.

Later we will make a toolpath for the other shapes, so the bit can go on the outside of the shape.

35 CUTTING DEPTHS The start depth will be the place you zero the machine at, which we selected the material surface eariler. So the start depth should be 0.0 inches. The material thickness is .25”. However due to imperfections in the spoil board and the material it is beneficial to cut slightly deeper to guarantee cut through.

TOOL For this cut we should use the SOA 1/4” Down-Cut Bit because it can cut faster the the 1/8” and it is not a super precise cut.

Here you can edit or change the parameters of different bits if needed. The settings here seemed to work for me.

Passes: The amount of passes will automatically change. But around

MACHINE VECTORS

1/4” at a time is good for this bit.

For this cut we need to chose inside/left. (I know this because I spoke with the student before hand about setting up the file and this his how he designed it. (didnt have to factor in any offsets for the bit)

TABS Tabs are used to hold the pieces of material together after the cut. I did not use it on this cut, but I should have, because the pieces were small and ended up moving when the bit finished cutting. To use tabs click add tabs to toolpath and then edit tabs, and it will let you select where to place them. Then you can change the length and thickness of the tabs.

RAMPS If the bit is not an endmill, it is necessary to ramp the bit into the material instead of having it plunge straight down. When in doubt, add it anyway.

Click add ramps to toolpath, and choose smooth or zig zag for most cases.

2 inches is adequate. Can be more or less.

When you are finished you can name the toolpath and click calculate. This warning will come up. This is because we chose a thicker depth than the material in the “cutting depths” option. Just make sure it isnt going to cut too deep.

TUTORIALS PREVIEW TOOLPATH Now Aspire is showing us a preview of the toolpath. The machine will start in the bottom left corner, and then create each profile that we had selected when making the previous toolpath.

The picture to the left shows both toolpaths we have created so far. You can show just one by selecting the check boxes on the right side.

Repeat the same steps for the last tool path. This time selecting all the remaining pieces to be cut out, (purple dashed line means selected) The only thing different about this one is we need to tell it to cut on the outside of the lines instead of inside the shape.

MACHINE VECTORS So this time we should choose the “Outside/right” option under machine vectors

37 TOOLPATH SUMMARY Here you can see how long each toolpath will take to cut out. We have a total machining time of 32 minutes.

Note: Keep in mind I may have created the profiles in a different order than what is written in this document. It doesnt matter what order you creat them in, but the order you run them with the machine does matter.

SAVE TOOLPATHS Here you can save individual toolpaths to the desktop and then open them in the shopbot software to run the file. Make sure you save them as a name you will remember, and even a note saying which bit to have installed.

TUTORIALS

SHOPBOT Open ShopBot from the desktop. This is the main command console for the machine. This section will cover how to load toolpaths, and how to prepare material, and the machine for cutting.

CHANGING THE BIT Here you can see how long each toolpath will take to cut out. We have a total machining time of 32 minutes.

Note: Keep in mind I may have created the profiles in a different order than what is written in this document. It doesnt matter what order you creat them in, but the order you run them with the machine does matter.

TURN ON SHOPBOT Here you can see how long each toolpath will take to cut out. We have a total machining time of 32 minutes.

Note: Keep in mind I may have created the profiles in a different order than what is written in this document. It doesnt matter what order you creat them in, but the order you run them with the machine does matter.

ZERO AXIS Here you can see how long each toolpath will take to cut out. We have a total machining time of 32 minutes.

Note: Keep in mind I may have created the profiles in a different order than what is written in this document. It doesnt matter what order you creat them in, but the order you run them with the machine does matter.

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TUTORIALS

REFERENCES https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mdRTq2_qI9Y&ab_channel=3DHubs https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GA73IiT9QBE&t=1534s&ab_channel=MarkLindsayCNC https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FNYEXjRmDtI&ab_channel=ConcerningReality https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wsCmJSt-_Bo&ab_channel=WinstonMoy https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JGG0yTPih4w&t=1220s&ab_channel=MarkLindsayCNC http://rodneyd.fabcloud.io/fa2018/fa2018/assets/Make-Getting_Started_with_CNC-Edward_Ford.pdf

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DISCLAIMER: THIS IS A DRAFT AND STILL UNDER REVIEW AND FURTHERE EDITING, THEREFORE NOT EVERYTHING IS CITED OR COMPLETE

TUTORIALS