TRACT MASTER BY PROJECT 2019 LANDSCAPE AND ARCHITECTURE RESEARCH WORK
INTRODUCTION
This is the fifth publication of Tract, the yearbook for the Master by Project programme at Unitec Institute of Technology, New Zealand. The MbP Programme was begun twelve years ago to offer design practitioners, architects and landscape architects, the chance to carry out post graduate research work within the development of a design project. In 2019 the research work was concerned with three broad themes; urban regeneration, ameliorating the effects of climate change and addressing contemporary concerns in housing. Guanghui Jiang, Meg Zhang, and Teng Sun all investigated different aspects of the effects of climate change on Auckland City. Guanghui explored the potential that the reconstruction of the Auckland Railways Station might have in providing a new high-speed rail hub, a public space for Aucklanders and an ameliorative landscape for the effect of urban flooding. Teng was also interested in ways to address urban flooding. Taking the 2017 New Lynn flood as a case study site he developed a comprehensive design to help absorb and retain stormwater from the catchment. Meng Zhang was similarly interested in the environmental problems of Auckland’s urban catchments. Meng concentrated on the wellknown problem of the Coxes Creek catchment where sewage is regularly discharged into the harbour. Meng developed an inclusive design for the Grey Lynn catchment that used the full panoply of stormwater treatment devices to treat and retard the flow of stormwater Wenjin Zhan was also interested in the design of public space for Auckland. Utilising the Look Out technique, Wenjin developed a new playscape for children in an Auckalnd park that utilised children experiences as part of the design process. Two architecture projects explored the future shape of housing. Deval Patel explored how traditional Indian architectural techniques, such as Pol housing, might be used to develop a contemporary apartment complex in Ahmedabad. Zahra Baradaran developed a new housing model closer to home. Zahra was interested in the way our changing patterns of living could drive the design of a house over a family lifetime. Students again demonstrated a commitment to investigate contemporary problems from environmental issues to housing. Student showed that they were keen to engage in applied research that contributed directly to the well-being of the community. Thanks to all the students who have joined our programme to carry out research with us. Thanks to our colleagues in academia and the profession for their continued support of the students at our quarterly workshops (http://mlaunitec. blogspot.co.nz). Thanks to the supervisory team, Nikolay Popov, Daniel Irving, Sue Wake, Xinxin Wang and Cesar Wagner. Lastly, a big thank you to HOS Peter McPherson for his unfailing support of the MbP throughout 2019. Editors: Publisher: Art director: ISSN:
Matthew Bradbury, Xinxin Wang Unitec Institute of Technology Kim Meek 2538-0575
Matthew Bradbury Associate Professor & MBP Coodinator Landscape Architecture and Architecture
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PROJECT LOCATION
CONTENTS
URBANISM URBAN REGENERATION ............................................................ 4 Guanghui Jiang, Supervisors Matthew Bradbury & Xinxin Wang
WATER CLEAN WATER............................................................................ 10 Meng Zhang, Supervisors Matthew Bradbury & Xinxin Wang SPONGE CITY............................................................................. 16 Teng Sun, Supervisors Matthew Bradbury & Xinxin Wang
CHILDREN PLAYGROUND............................................................................. 22 Wenjin Zhan, Supervisors Sue Wake & Xinxin Wang
HOUSING SUSTAINABIE HOUSE................................................................ 28 Deval Janak Patel, Supervisor Cesar Wagner FLEXIBLE HOUSE....................................................................... 34 Zahra Baradaran Khalkhali, Supervisor Nikolay Popov
Map of Auckland
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URBANISM
URBAN REGENERATION The Urban Regeneration of Declining CBD Periphery Zones -The Study of the Strand Station Area in Auckland Guanghui Jiang
As an increasing number of people’s agglomerate in large cities, the realm of urbanisation of these cities is becoming more significant. The CBD periphery zone (CBDPZ), which is the immediate edge area of the city centre between the CBD and the suburbs, is faced with several problems from this urban growth such as poor land use, low-quality public spaces and functional isolation due to heavy road traffic as the CBDPZ deteriorates. However, the CBDPZ has a high value for urban regeneration with potential opportunities such as introducing new public spaces, creating new transit nodes and promoting further urban expansion. This research by design project identifies several approaches to address current urban problems. This research investigates a potential approach to regenerating the CBDPZ in large cities. After background reading and literature review, such as Drosscape, landscape urbanism and transitoriented development (TOD), several methods are employed including using design precedents, undertaking data analysis and developing a research by design process. The research investigation looks at the Strand Station area on the north-east edge of Auckland City Centre as a case study, as
it is run-down with similar problems to the defined CBDPZ. The site has a great deal of potential for environmentally friendly and transit-oriented urban regeneration, helping to create a sustainable and resilient city for its location and urban context. The design project identifies an urban redevelopment strategy for the Strand Station, which is a unique Green-Blue TOD park. The result will optimise land use, rehabilitate geographic contexts, create highquality public spaces and improve connectivity and mobility. This new type of TOD project without highdensity buildings is likely a big park dominated by social green and stormwater treatment blue, beside a new train terminal. The renewal creates a park, encouraging big images of large-scale urban development, like recreating the Auckland waterfront and even linking other cities in New Zealand such as Hamilton and Wellington by highspeed rail. Ultimately, the research seeks not only to improve Auckland’s urban form through redeveloping the Strand Station area but also to help other big cities around the world make strategic plans for the urban regeneration of run-down CBDPZs.
Mobile: 021 0577 958 Email: gonlicht@gmail.com Permanent link to Research Bank record: https://unitec.researchbank.ac.nz/handle/10652/4807
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Masterplan
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The TOD
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The Green Blue Park
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Detention Lake
The Lake
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of site selection, the most efficient way is to increase paths’ permeability. Therefore, the design concept in this place intends to change the land cover of WATER
existing car parking to be permeable pavement. Additionally, the layout of this design area also explores the extensive living roof implication. 澳
CLEAN WATER The New Urban Catchment ---- Cleaning Up Cox’s Creek Meng Zhang
Clean water is essential for lives, not only in terms of human beings’ survival but also for growing foods, keeping a healthy natural system and maintaining biodiversity. However, due to the pressure of urbanization and population growth, an impending water crisis has been recognized as one of the most severe challenges to human society in the 21st century. In New Zealand, there is an increasing number of harbors that have already been identified as contaminated. Promoting water quality is virtual that integrated urban design is raised to manage the water system effectively. Through drawing an urban design, this project will explore how Water Sensitive Design (WSD) can be applied to real-life projects to mitigate or even address catchment water contamination. The Cox’s Bay catchment is chosen as a test site to reflect the function and impacts of WSD strategies in promoting water quality. The project adopts the framework of Research by Design through qualitative
research methods. The proposed design employs a range of the techniques including tree pits, plant boxes, permeable pavements, rain gardens, vegetated swales, and above-detention pond (wet pond and constructed wetland). Meanwhile, four classified land zone types are used for the test: commercial area, community streets, natural small-sized reserve and multi-function park. The aims of this study are not only to deal with Cox’s Bay catchment water quality issues but also contribute to future stormwater management to achieve the goal of controlling pollution. The further expectation of this project is to inspire other scholars to further explore WSD in tackling similar stormwater problems.
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Figure 5.1, the overview Masterplan of this design speculation (Author, 2019).
Masterplan of the Design Areas
Mobile: Email: 524245914@qq.com Permanent link to Research Bank record:
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1 Swales 2 Rain Gardens
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3 Viewing Bridge
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4 Retaining Wall
1 Boardwalk
5 Recreational Area
2 Permeable Bridge
6 Permeable Bridge
3 Constructed Wetland
7 Stepped Wetland
4 Viewing Platform
Grey Lynn Park: Masterplan
Hakanoa Reserve: Masterplan
Grey Lynn Park: Perspective of Proposed Wetland
Hakanoa Reserve: Perspective of Proposed Wetland
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1 Permeable Pavements
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2 Extensive Living Roof 1 Rain Gardens
3 Tree Pits
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4 Rain Gardens
2 Swales
5 Plant Boxers
3 Green Median
Commercial Area: Masterplan
Williamson Avenue: Masterplan
Commercial Area: Perspective of Pervious Paving
Williamson Avenue: Cross-section
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WATER
SPONGE CITY The Sponge City in New Zealand Teng Sun
This research aims to solve the problem of urban flooding by the sponge city concept. Through the comparison with Low Impact Urban Design, Water Sensitive Urban Design and Sustainable Urban Design, the advantages and success of sponge city are demonstrated. A sponge city is a city that acts as a sponge with an urban environment planned and constructed to soak up almost every raindrop and capture that water for reuse. There are six keywords in this project, which are infiltrate, detain, absorb, clean, use and discharge. This research will mainly focus on absorb and detain. The Sponge City can absorb more rainwater through the soil into urban aquifers efficiently. The case studies present different sites around the world to show how those cases deal with urban flooding, which includes Hans Tavsens park, Yanweizhou Park, Arroyo Seco Confluence, Cermak road and Auckland International Airport. The effects of Auckland flooding were present by media frequently. There are three main causes which could lead to urban flooding; they are irregular
terrain, temperate marine climate and urbanisation. Various data from the Whau catchment indicate a strong connection between topography and flooding, so the design area will focus on the upstream flood areas to mitigate urban flood pressure and risk. This research presents five design works, which all near or in the flooding area. These five sites will combine five different landscape techniques through the sponge city concept, which are detention pond, widen and deepen stream, rain garden, porous pavement and green roof. Then there will be a list of three different design options in the first two designs to show different focused and success through comparing advantage and flood capacity.
Mobile: Email: tzsb520@gmail.com Permanent link to Research Bank record: https://unitec.researchbank.ac.nz/handle/10652/4633
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Masterplan Northall Park
Scroggy Stream
Rua Road
Masterplan
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Design A
Catchment Analysis – the Whau River
Sub -- Catchment analysis Catchment Analysis: The Whau River Catchment
Northall Park Detention Pond Design (Plan A)
View of detention pond (Summer) from Rugby field
View of detention pond (Winter) from Rugby field
Sub-catchment Analysis
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Northall Park Detention Pond Perspectives (Plan A)
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Design A Site analysis -- flood analysis
Scroggy Stream: Site Analysis
A: Baffle & Log;
B: Dig & Widen;
C:Daylight a pipe; 17,500mÂł
Scroggy Stream Design (Plan A)
Strategies
View of Scroggy Stream (Widen & Daylight stream)
Scroggy Stream: Design Strategies
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View of Scroggy Stream (Widen & Daylight stream) Scroggy Stream Perspectives (Plan A)
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CHILDREN
PLAYGROUND Lookout : Applying a process of design participation with children Wenjin Zhan
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Children face many challenges in urban life today, including diminished contact with nature and reduced independent mobility. These indicators point to an erosion of rights. However, children have the political right and intellectual capability to participate in all aspects of urban life. As adults realise the seriousness of this phenomenon, more projects are trying to make changes to promote children’s rights. Lookout is one such project based on performance art that provided equal communication opportunities for children and adults. The purpose of this research is to utilise a child and adult participation project called ‘Lookout’, performed in Auckland, as an alternative process of participation in design. The methodology applied is research by design, taking qualitative data collected from the Lookout project and applying it in the design of a suburban park, in Mt Roskill (Puketapapa), Auckland. This area is currently undergoing housing intensification due to a need to replace aged housing stock coupled with an acute housing shortage in Auckland that is being
addressed via the Auckland Plan 2050. This makes quality green space provision an even more important goal as the city grows and loses precious outdoor space for exploration and free play (eg backyards). The design outcomes validate the importance of the Lookout project as a unique, egalitarian encounter between children and adults, with both parties contributing their ideas and aspirations for future Auckland in an environment of equality and openness. For the children, this was helped by the ‘mask’ of performance. There are limitations to its use as a participatory or consultation method- especially the time taken to workshop the ideas with the children beforehand. It may, however, be possible to develop an abridged form of this that still provides children with the tools to communicate equally with adults. Of particular value was the broad perspective it encouraged in the participants so that the ideas generated were applicable to a suburban site, while the Lookout project was performed in the CBD. )LJXUH 3ODQ DQQRWDWLRQ Master Plan
Mobile: Email: jinwzhan@gmail.com Permanent link to Research Bank record: https://unitec.researchbank.ac.nz/handle/10652/4406
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BACKYARD
ROAD TO SCHO SCHOOL OL
Design Concept
COMM COMMUNIT OMMUNIT UN Y HU UB & GARDEN GARD A EN
Front
Left
TREE HOUSE
Top p
Design Methods COMMUNITY HUB & GARDEN
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COMMUNITY & ACTIVITY ZONE
WATE ER AC A CESS ESS ZON ONE E
Front
Left
Top p
PICN CNIC C & CHI CH HILLOU LLOUT LLO LLOU T ZO ZONE NE
PERISCOPE TOWER
Front
Left
Top p Front
Left
Top p
COMMUNITY & ACTIVITY ZONE
Front
Left
SEAT
Front
Left
Top p
PICNIC & CHILLOUT ZONE
Top p
RACING SLIDE
FENCE
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HOUSING
SUSTAINABIE HOUSE Sustainable Housing : Looking at social and cultural aspects of traditional Indian settlement Deval Janak Patel
This research aims to strategize a comprehensive design, establishing a link between the traditional and current practice of housing. The intent is to provide the various housing issues; energy waste, social-cultural aspects, ignored the specific need of environment and local people, missing regional architecture characteristics. Social and environmental factors in the housing sectors have been affected by the forces of globalization during the rapid urbanization. In the last three decades, housing construction tends to reflect the requirements of the global market instead of local architecture or social demands. The concept of regional housing is selected as a stepping stone of this research project to provide guidelines for the current housing practice. Hence, the research question: “How social and environmental issues can be addressed through the traditional practice of Indian settlement?� Every year, mass migration has created a shortage of housing. However, modern rapid housing construction has given a roof to migrants at the cost of losing the local identity and characteristic of the city. A large number of migrants comes from the north of Gujarat villages or small towns, who are still rooted in their culture and believes. It is a crucial necessity to understand their lifestyle, needs, and provide
good living ambience for the betterment of life and maintain the identity of the local architecture. As per the current scenario, the findings indicate that Ahmedabad, Gujarat is the first Heritage city of India declared by UNESCO. Belonging from Gujarat and having deep connections to Ahmedabad city, because of its rich heritage and culture, the observation of the city raised the need to reidentify the housing practice in the city with the social and environmental value of local heritage architecture. Design methodology incorporates the comparative investigation of spatial form in traditional and current housing practice. It might provide some useful insights providing different type of activities and environment requirements, to develop a typical housing model which will hold the local architectural identity for the local people. Regional housing is a relatively new approach which will consider different factors in the design process, such as location, climate, accessibility, people, construction techniques, and the vernacular environmental approach. Few planned and successful housing projects, provide the inferences to develop the best possible strategy for this approach. Figure 100. Connecting terraces on the tenth floor
Overview of the Building
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Mobile: Email: deval.goodwinsys@gmail.com Permanent link to Research Bank record: https://unitec.researchbank.ac.nz/handle/10652/4809
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Design Metrix 1
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Design Metrix 2
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HOUSING
FLEXIBLE HOUSE Applying a life cycle approach in designing flexible housing Zahra Baradaran Khalkhali
In designing a house, it is usual to be focused on the current needs of clients and users. However, soon those initial needs will change for reasons such as family growth, aging and changing lifestyle. Various solutions for this issue have been suggested by architects. ‘Flexible Housing’ is a type of dwelling design that has the ability for a house to adjust to the changing needs of its occupants. Although all the qualitative research indicates that this type of dwelling is an economic and sustainable solution, there is little quantitative data to support that argument. The real financial benefit of Flexible Housing will only be recognizable when, rather than the routine design approach, based primarily on immediately available expenditure, life cycle costing is taken into account. The term Life Cycle Costing (LCC) is used to describe a process in which all costs relating to a property over its whole life cycle would be systemically calculated and evaluated. LCC is a significant task in a life cycle approach to buildings. This research aimed to indicate the financial advantage of Flexible Housing through designing a flexible house applying a life cycle approach.
To achieve the purpose of this research, first, a literature review was undertaken to determine the main features of a flexible house. Among varying techniques that have been applied by architects to achieve flexibility, ‘slack space’ was chosen for the present research project. This concept allows for adding flexibility to design by preparing some unprogrammed spaces to be occupied by users to address their new needs in the future. These phases will be done through a Building Information Modelling-based design process, using its features especially in cost estimation and documentation. Building Information Modelling (BIM) is a recent approach in the architecture, engineering and construction (AEC) industry. Applying BIM potentials in the design process could help the architect to make better architectural decisions at the outset where there are enough quantitative data to support the financial analysis of the design.
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Flexible House
Mobile: Email: baradaran.zahra@gmail.com Permanent link to Research Bank record: https://unitec.researchbank.ac.nz/handle/10652/4783
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Stage One
4.3.1. Stage One
Stage Two 85
Figure 43 Ground floor 3D plan in stage one
Stage Three 86
Three Stages of Housing Development
Stage One: Ground Floor and First Floor Plan
Figure 45 Distribution of spaces in the layout – stage one
87 Figure 44 First floor 3D plan in stage one
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4.3.3. Stage Three
e two –
Elevation 1
Figure 53 Ground floor 3D plan in stage three – dashed lines show demolished elements
Figure 55 First floor 3D plan in stage three – dashed lines show demolished elements
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Figure 52 Ground floor 3D plan in stage two – bold lines show created elements
Perspective 1
Figure 54 First floor 3D plan in stage two – bold lines show created elements
Stage Two: Ground Floor and First Floor Plan
Stage Three: Ground Floor and First Floor Plan
Figure 51 Distribution of spaces in the layout – stage three
Figure 46 Distribution of spaces in the layout – stage two 53
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