Travelling with monster world

travelling with

monster world The wonders of the three world

DESIGN By Suthida Poonpanich

“THE JOURNEY OF A THOUSAND MILES BEGINS WITH A SINGLE STEP.” LAOTZU

Great Pyramid

of Giza

Location : Giza, Egypt Builder : Egyptians Constructed : c. 2570 BC Height : 138.8 m, 455.2 ft Status : Still Standing Cause of Destruction : -

The oldest and largest of the three pyramids in the Giza Necropolis.

Only one remaining of the Original Seven Wonders of The World.

Believed to have been built as a tomb for Fourth dynasty Egyptian pharaoh Khufu.

Constructed over a 20 year period concluding around 2560 BC. The tallest structure in the world for over 3,800 years.

Hanging Gardens of Babylon

Location : euphrates, iraq Builder : Nebuchadnezzar II Constructed : 600 BC Size : 00 feet long by 100 wide Status Destroyed after 1st century BC Cause of Destruction : Eartquake

Also known as Hanging Gardens of Semiramis) and the walls of Babylon (near present-day Al Hillah in Iraq) are considered one of the Original Seven Wonders of The World.

Described by Diodorus as

multi-levelled gardens reaching 22 metres (75 feet) high, complete with machinery for circulating water and tress growing on the roof.

Statue of Zeus Location : Greece Builder : Phidias Constructed : 435 BC Height : 40 feet tall Status : Dstroyed,5th-6th centuries AD Cause of Destruction : -

One of the classical Original Seven Wonders and was carved by the famed Classical sculptor, Phidias A chryselephantine sculpture, made of ivory and accented with gold plating

Occupied the whole width of the aisle of the temple that was built to house it, and was 40 feet (12 meters).

Temple of Artemis Location : Ephesus (in present day Turkey) Builder : Lydians, Persians, Greeks Constructed : 550 BC Status : Destroyed, 356 BC Cause of Destruction : Arson

Dedicated to the Greek goddess Artemis Took 120 years to build; started by Croesus of Lydia Burned down by Herostratus in an attempt to

achieve lasting fame known less precisely as Temple of Diana.

Mausoleum at

Halicarnassus

Location : Halicarnassus (present Bodrum, Turkey) Builder : Persians, Greeks Constructed : 353 and 350 BC Height : 45 meters Status : Destroyed, AD 1494 Cause of Destruction : Damaged by Earthquake; later disassembled by European Crusaders

This famous monument was erected in Bodium, Turkey, by Queen Artemisia in memory of her husband, King Mausolus of Caria in Asia Minor, who died in 353 B.C. Some remains of the structure are in the British Museum.

This shrine is the source of the modern word “mausoleum,� which is a large above-ground tomb.

Colossus of Location : Greek island of Rhodes Builder : Chares of Lindos, a student of Lysippos Constructed : 292 and 280 BC Height : 70 cubits tall, over 30 metres (100 feet) Status : Destroyed, 224 BC Cause of Destruction : Earthquake

Built for Mausolus, a satrap in the Persian Empire, and Artemisia II of Caria, his wife and sister Stood approximately 45 meters (135 feet) tall with each of the four sides adorned with sculptural reliefs Each of the four sides adorned with sculptural reliefs created by one of four Greek sculptors

Rhodes

Bryaxis, Leochares, Scopas of Paros and Timotheus Origin of the word mausoleum.

Light of Alexandria Location : Pharos, Alexandria,Egypt Builder : Hellenistic Egypt Constructed : 3rd century BC Height : 377–492 feet (115150 meters) Range : 56 km (35 miles) Status : Destroyed, AD 13031480 Cause of Destruction : Earthquake

Built for Mausolus, a satrap in the Persian Empire, and Artemisia II of Caria, his wife and sister Stood approximately 45 meters (135 feet) tall with each of the four sides adorned with sculptural reliefs Each of the four sides

adorned with sculptural reliefs created by one of four Greek sculptors Bryaxis, Leochares, Scopas of Paros and Timotheus Origin of the word mausoleum.

“ONE’S DESTINATION IS NEVER A PLACE, BUT A NEW WAY OF SEEING THINGS.” - HENRY MILLER

Stonehenge Location : County of Wilshire, England Builder : Unknown Constructed : 2200 BC Status : Still Standing Cause of Destruction : -

Stonehenge, in many peoples’ minds, is the most mysterious place in the world.

This set of stones laid out in concentric rings and horseshoe shapes on the empty Salisbury Plain, is, at the age of 4,000 years, one of the oldest, and

certainly best preserved, megalithic (ancient stone) structures on Earth, but we know almost nothing about who built Stonehenge and why.

Colosseum Location : Rome, Italy Builder : Roman Constructed : 70 AD- 80 AD Status : Still Standing Cause of Destruction : -

The largest ever built in the Roman Empire one of the great works of Roman architecture and engineering.

Started between 70 and 72 AD under Emperor Vespasian.

Completed in 80 AD under Titus.Capable of seating 50,000 spectators.

Used for gladitorial contests Later reused for varied purpose such as housing, workshops, quaters for religious order and Christian shrine long seen as a symbol of Imperial Rome.

Catacombs of

Kom el Shoqafa

Location : Alexandria, Egypt Builder : Egyptian Constructed : Unknown (Rediscovered in 1900) Status : Still standing Cause of Destruction : -

consist of Alexandrian tomes, statues with early Imperial Roman influences many of the features merge both Roman, Greek and Egyptian cultural points; some statues are Egyptian in style A circular staircase, which was often used to transport deceased

bodies down the middle of it, leads down into the tombs gruesome features of the catacombs is the Hall of Caracalla, a mass burial chamber for the humans and animals massacred.

Great wall

of China

Location : China Builder : Chinese Constructed : 220 BC Length : 6,400 km (4,000 miles) Status : Still Standing Cause of Destruction : -

Built, rebuilt, and maintained between the 5th century BC and the 16th century to protect the northern borders of the Chinese Empire The Great Wall is the world’ s longesthuman-made structure, stretching over a pproximately 6,400 km (4,000 miles)

Constructed for defense purposesMade out of bricks, tiles, lime and stone watch towers at regular intervals, which were used to store weapons, house troops, and send smoke signals.

Porcelain Tower of Nanjing

Location : Nanjing, China Builder : Chinese Constructed : 15th Century Height : 260 feet Status : Partly Damaged Cause of Destruction : -

constructed as a Buddhist pagoda octagonal with a base of about 97 feet in diameter Was one of the largest buildings in China, rising up to a height of 260 feet with nine stories and a staircase in the middle of the pagoda, which spiralled upwards for 130 steps

Was built with white porcelain bricks that were said to reflect the sun’s rays during the day, and at night as many as 140 lamps were hung from the building to illuminate the tower Designed by the Chinese Emperor Yongle.

Hagia Sophia Location : Istanbul, Turkey Reason of Construction : on the orders of the Byzantine Emperor Justinian I Constructed : 532 and 537 Status : Still Standing Cause of Destruction : -

former patriarchal basilica, later a mosque, now a museum, in Istanbul, Turkeylargest cathedral in the world for nearly a thousand years, until the completion of the Medieval Seville Cathedral in 1520 decorated interior with mosaics and marble pillars and coveringsserved as a model for many of the

Ottoman mosques Turkish President and founder of the Republic of Turkey, Mustafa Kemal Atat端rk, transformed the building into a museum.

Leaning Tower of Pisa

Location : Italy Builder : Italian Constructed : 1173 Height : 55.86 m (183.27 ft) from the ground on the lowest side and 56.70 m (186.02 ft) on highest side Status : Still Standing Cause of Destruction : -

Freestanding bell tower, of the cathedral of the Italian city of Pisa.

Althoughintended to stand vertically, the tower began leaning to the southeast soon after the onset of construction in 1173 due to a poorly laid foundation and loose substrate that has allowed the foundation to shift direction.

This first floor is surrounded by pillars with classical

capitals, leaning against blind arches.

The tower began to sink after construction progressed to the third floor in 1178. This was due to a mere three-meter foundation, set in weak, unstable subsoil.

Total number of bells:7,tuned to musical scale, clockwise.

Steps to bell tower : 294

Monster EV OL U TIO N

“THE WORLD IS A BOOK AND THOSE WHO DO NOT TRAVEL READ ONLY ONE PAGE.” - AUGUSTINE OF HIPPO

Christ

the Redeemer

Location : Brazil Sculpter : Paul Landowski Constructed : 1926-1931 AC Height : 39.6 metres (130 feet) Status : Still Standing Cause of Destruction : -

Proposed to be made around the year 1921 and the archdiocese organized an event called Semana do Monumento (“Monument Week”) to attract donations and to receive suggestions on the design of the statue Designed by local engineer Heitor da Silva Costa On the statue’ s 75th anniversary, a chapel (named for the

patron saint of Brazil Nossa Senhora Aparecida) was consecrated under the statue

by Archbishop of Rio Cardinal Eusebio Oscar Scheid A symbol of Christianity, the statue has become an icon of Rio and Brazil.

M achu Picchu Location : Peru Builder : The Inca Empire Constructed : Around c. 1450 Size : 325.92 square Km. Status : Still Standing Cause of Destruction : -

Often referred to as“ The Lost City of the Incas” Designated as a World Heritage Site in 1983 when it was described as “an absolute masterpiece of architecture and a unique testimony to the Inca civilization” Was constructed at the height of the Inca Empire, but was abandoned less than 100 years later, as the empire collapsed

under Spanish conquest The urban sector divided into three great districts: the Sacred District, the Popular District, to the south, and the District of the Priests and the Nobility (royalty zone) Forgotten by society until Yale historian and explorer Hiram Bingham brought the“lost” city to the world’ s attention in the year 1911.

Chichen I tza Location : Mexico Builder : Maya Civilization Constructed : c. 600 Size : Total size unknown Status : Still Standing Cause of Destruction : -

A large pre-Columbian archaeological site built by the Maya civilization A Maya name, “Chich”en Itza”meaning “At the mouth of the well of the Itza.”Contains many fine stone buildings in various states of preservation; the buildings were formerly used as temples, palaces, stages, markets, baths, and ballcourts.

The ascension of Chichen Itza roughly correlates with the decline and fragmentation of

the major centers of the southern Maya lowlands, such as Tikal.

Petra Location : Jordan Builder : Unknown Constructed : Unknown Size : Unknown Status : Still Standing Cause of Destruction : -

No method has been found to determine when the history of Petra began Possess the advantages of a fortress and also controlled the main commercial routes which passed through it to Gaza in the west, to Bosra and Damascus in the north, to Aqaba and Leuce Come on the Red Sea, and across the desert to the Persian Gulf.Could be the home the Horites, probably cave-dwell-

ers,the predecessors of the Edomites as they were assigned to this part of the country The habits of the original natives may have influenced the Nabataean custom of burying the dead and offering worship in half excavated caves.

Taj M ahal Location : India Builder : Under orders of Mughal Emperor Shah Jahan Constructed : Completed c.1648 Size : Estimated three arces Status : Still Standing Cause of Destruction : -

Built under Mughal Emperor Shah Jahan in memory of his favourite wife, Mumtaz Mahal Incorporates and expands on design traditions of Persian and earlier Mughal architecture Inspiration of the Taj Mahal came from The court chronicles

of Shah Jahan’ s grief illustrates the love story traditionally held Started construction in the year 1631 after Mumtaz’s death and was completed by 1648.