LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE PORTFOLIO LEUNG YIK CHUN SELECTED WORKS 2017 - 2022
SELECTED PROJECTS STUDIO PROJECT
01
OASIS
02
SANCTUARY
03
ELEPHANT CANTEEN
Wai Chi Street, Shek Kip Mei, Hong Kong Community Urban Design
Ho Chung, Sai Kung, Hong Kong Agricultural Revitalization
Nam Ha Protected Area, Luang Namtha, Laos Human-Elephant Conflict Mitigation MODELLING
04
THE RUIN PATH
05
IMMERSE INTO THE GROUND
06
THE RUIN CHURCH
Mount Davis, Kennedy Town, Hong Kong Mountain Path Revitalization
HKU, Kenndy Town, Hong Kong Urban Intervention (Group Project)
Comfort Terrace, Fortress Hill, Hong Kong Urban Intervention OTHERS
07
RENDERING
Wai Chi, Hong Kong Street Revitalization
Tamarind Tree
Jujube Tree
fire to alarm ephant enter
2020 Fall Studio
2021 Spring Studio
STUDIO PROJECT
2022 Spring Studio
Pomelo Tree
Taro
Turmeric
Chilli
Beehive Fence
Banana
Corn
01
Pak Tin Shopping Centre 2b
B’
2. Hawker Centre
Outdoor Dinning Area
Wai Chi Street, Shek Kip Mei, Hong Kong Community Urban Design The site is located around the Shek Kip Mei JCCAC area. It is surrounded by a lot of public housings, schools and community centres. The community is various with people like student, elderly, resident, domestic worker, artist, local hawker, restaurant owner, the blind.
2a
Wai Chi St. Rest Garden
Domestic Worker Gathering Place
OASIS
JIL International Centre
2c
Nam Cheong St.
B
1c
The main objective of the design is to create a community space which break the social barrier and satisfy the future community need.
1a 3a
Site Boundary
3d
A’
1b
Wai Chi St.
A
1. Community Playground
3c 3b
1. Community Playgound a. Indoor Study Room b. Badminton Court c. Playroom
B’
JCCAC
B
2. Hawker Centre a. Indoor Stall b. Footbridge c. Lawn 3. Event Venue a. Auditorium & Underground Gym Room b. Walking Trail & Indoor Swimming Pool c. Football Pitch d. JCCAC Platform (Restaurant & Art Exhibition) 0
N
N
1.5
3
4.5
1:3
00 7.5
m
3. Event Venue (Wai Chi St. Playground)
0
Design Vision
1.5
3
4.5
7.5m 1:300
COMMUNITY PLAYGROUND The community playground included facilities like an indoor study room, playroom, picnic area, chest table, table tennis table, badminton court... As Shei Kei Mei is lack of quality recreational area, the purpose of the playground is to provide an integrated playground that is suitable for all ages and it can become a local gathering place. Furthermore, the wooden platform is connected to the adjacent school which hopefully encourage the interaction between students in different schools.
SECTION A-A’
ELCHK Faith Lutheran School Seating Stair
Wai Kiu College Chest Table
Walking Trail
Road to JCCAC
Elevator Footbridge
Nam Cheong St.
N 0
0.5
1
1.5
2.5m 1:100
HAWKER CENTRE As the original local hawker staying place was occupied by domestic workers, the hawker centre is a new place for local hawker stall up stalls. It is connected to the nearby shopping mall to increase customer flow. It is also combined with other recreational elements to make the space cozier.
SECTION B-B’
Rooftop Stall
Indoor Stall
Pak Tin Shopping Centre
N 0
0.5
1
1.5
2.5m 1:100
EVENT VENUE The event venue is a small stadium with a large football pitch, underground gym, and swimming pool. The football pitch is adjacent to an auditorium, an extended platform from JCCAC, and an urban walking trail. It can host a large event such as music concert or other performance show, as it makes use of the surrounding high ground and platform to accommodate more audience.
SECTION C-C’
Art Exhibition
Auditorium
Gym Room Entry
Playroom
Walking Trail
Swimming Pool
Coffee
JCCAC
N 0
0.5
1
1.5
2.5m 1:100
02
SANCTUARY Ho Chung, Sai Kung, Hong Kong Agricultural Revitalization Society has an increasing interest in escaping urban life and going back to the natural living style. This project is going to cooperate with the nearby villager to revive the abandoned farmland in Ho Chung (Sai Kung). By reviving farmland and traditional farming culture, it can provide a refuge for both humans and wildlife. It provides habitat for wildlife, while supporting agriculture research and education activities. Ho Chung is traditional farmland. People started farming here 4,000 years ago. The villagers grew rice and fished for subsistence. It has the largest potential farmland in Sai Kung which can be revived.
Existing Woodland Edge
Village Path
Fallow Land
Ho Chung River
EXISTING ELEMENTS
G F
A. Pedestrian Road B. Pau Tou Village C. Bamboo Forest D. Woodland E. River F. Forest
DESIGN ELEMENTS DESIGN PROGRAMME Different design strategies are proposed to achieve the project objective. The farming area occurs in the north (wet farming) and south (dry farming). In the north, rice will be planted together with companion planting and fish. While vegetable and fruit trees will be planted with covering crops and organic fertilizer. To provide a sustainable water source, a retention pond with a sluice to control the water intake and drain off is located in the middle to store water from rain and the nearby river for irrigation on the farm. In the visitor center, an area is assigned as a nursery for research and practical farming purposes. Moreover, the compound includes a research office and farmer store that provide food and seats for visitors. Then, the cultural pavilion provides an exhibition area to show the nearby village’s culture with related photos and history content.
1 Entry 2 Allee 3 Vegetable Farm 4 Pineapple Farm 5 Orchard 6 Channel 7 Sluice 8 Retention Pond 9 Lawn 10 Rice Farm (with fish) 11 Rice Farm (with companion plant) 12 Rice Farm (reserve for wildlife)
13 Nursery (Terrace) 14 Recreation Area 15 Sitting Deck 16 Store (sell food & vegetbale) 17 Research Center 18 Cultural Pavilion 19 Sitting-out Area 20Staff Lounge 21 Tool Storage 22 Yard Waste 23 Walking Trail
G. Shui Hua Village E
7
12
11
6
7 14
13
9
8
23
Further west, the walking trail allows people to walk into the existing woodland and bamboo forest to explore those rare animals such as woodland glider fireflies. In terms of sitting-out area, lawns near the retention pond, nursery, pavilion, and especially the hideout in the orchard provided places for people to picnic or rest.
2 17
16
15
5 18
4
19 C
CUTURAL PAVILION
WALKING TRAIL
21
ORCHARD HIDEOUT
10
D
20
22
B
3
1 A
SECTION DRAWING
J’
I’
A’
A
B’ C’
B C
I J
Section I-J
Section A-C
Section D-F
Section I-I’
Section A-A’
Section D-D’’
Section B-B’
Section E-E’
F
E
D
N
Section J-J’ COMPOUND MODEL South Face
0
0.5
1
1.5
2.5m 1:100
East Face Existing Bamboo Forest
North Face
West Face
Section C-C’
Section F-F’
N 0
1.5
3
4.5
7.5m 1:300
03
Community conservation canteens:
Human-elephant conflict (HEC) in Laos
Mitigating human-elephant conflict near the Laos-China border
The map displays area involved human-elephant conflict and its severity in Laos. 8% of total area where elephants occurred sustain crops damage by elephants. (Salter 1993) Currently, there is no formal government policies to systematically deal with HEC which can undermine the livelihood of those who frequently raided by elephants. (Johnson, 2004)
The Mekong River used to run parallel to elephant migratory paths. However, it is disappearing due to deforestation and urban development.
Nam Ha Protected Area, Luang Namtha, Laos Human-Elephant Conflict Mitigation
Luang Namtha, Laos
Challenge
ELEPHANT CANTEEN
Lack of compensation Current government practice is to provide a small compensation payment to families of individuals killed by elephants, but crop damages are not compensated.
2020 Xishuangbanna’s elephant migration route
Nanbanghe Elephant Canteen
Mekong River
Population: 512 Average household size: 4.5 Household with electricity percentage: 93%
The project is aiming to mitigate the human-elephant conflict (HEC) in northern Laos by establishing a community elephant canteen (CEC) in Nam Ha Protected Area (NHPA). It is to experiment with the feasibility of different mitigation strategies such as repellent crops and elephant canteen.
Nam Xam Three elephants cause depredation in cultivated areas
Existing Problem
Ban Er lar mai Village
Lack of guideline There are no guidelines on how to systematically report and respond to conflict incidents.
Nam Ha A herd of up to 30-50 elephants often caused damage to crops in the area. These elephants most likely came from Mengla and enter the Laos border. (Johnson, 2004)
Nam Ha National Protected Area is a national protected area in Luang Namtha Province in northern Laos. This mostly forested park is home to a variety of ethnic groups and diverse animal and plant species. With around 30-50 wild asian elephants, it is an important habitat for asian elephant. However, it is facing threat such as hunting and slash-and-burn agriculture which damage wild habitats. (Johnson, 2003)
Ban Kouai na karng Village
Population: 482 Average household size: 4.8 Household with electricity percentage: 94% HEC guideline
Nam Ha Villages
Nam Ha Protected Area
Muang Sing
Ban Phou yer Village
• Slash & burn practice leads to forest loss. As a result, elephant attacks increase due to habitat and food loss
Population: 352 Average household size: 4.9 Household with electricity percentage: 94%
• Villagers lost income due to the restriction of logging and hunting which threaten elephants • Eco-tourism can provide income but is not sufficient to replace hunting & harvesting
Nam Ha Elephant Canteen
Objective & Aim • Mitigate human-elephant conflict
Lack of expertise The district officials lack the expertise to deal effectively with HEC, and there are no specially qualified elephant management specialists at a central level.
• Restore & provide a suitable environment for elephant • Reduce the villagers’ reliance on hunting and monocropping
Nam Phui Even with the largest wild elephant population, crop depredations (on paddy, bananas, and sugarcane) are rare. However, poaching is a serious problem as 8 elephants were killed between 2001 and 2002
Since the 1990s, rubber plantations expanded rapidly in northern Laos. A large area of forest in NHPA was burned down and replaced with rubber plantations. It reduces the habitat as well as food for Asian elephants. As a result, many elephants leave the forest and enter villages to find food which intensifies HEC in NHPA. Moreover, villagers are left entirely to their own devices when faced with conflict situations currently, since there are no formal government guidelines on how to systematically deal with conflict as well as no crop damage compensation in Laos. Therefore, the objective of the project is to mitigate human-elephant conflict and provide a suitable environment for elephants while improving villagers living quality.
Phou Khao Khouay Crop raiding occurred in the southern boundary of the protected area due to the construction of the Nam Leuk dam and reservoir which cause habitat loss in the protected area
Phou Hin Poun Elephants come down from the hills each year during the late dry season and return to the highlands in late June; agricultural damage is occasionally observed.
• Provide alternate income sources for villagers
Farmer dilemma At present villagers are left entirely to their own devices when faced with conflict situations.
• Create a system for sustainable farming
Strategy • Elephant canteen
Aggressive response Farmers guard their farms by using noise-making, fire, and lights to frighten elephants away when they appear. It may enrage elephants and cause death to either people or elephants.
• Repellent crop • Beehive fence • Early warning system
Do nothing Elephant raiding can consume the majority of the farmland which will ruin the farm’s income and livelihood.
Phou Xang He In 1990, an elephant is said to have killed a man
Asian Elephant
Xe Sap During each wet season, elephants eat in the rice fields around Ban Angouas.
IUCN labelled: endangered species
2-4m
3000-5000kg
Dong Kanthung All villages have reported crop-raiding by elephants
5.5-6.5m
HABITUS LEGEND
Niche: Sparse forests and forest margins
Water Protected Area
Appetite: 150-200 kg/day
Evergreen forest Mixed deciduous
Active hours: ~17:00 - 5:00
Regenerating plant
Elephant raiding period: July to March
Forest loss
LEGEND
Rice Paddy
Water
Built area
Protected Forest
Road
Protect Forest (with more than 50 elephants)
Contour (100m interval)
Protect Forest (with 10-50 elephants)
Village boundary
Protect Forest (with less than 10 elephants) Countries/district boundary
0.5
Road
km
1: 20 000
Elephant migratory route
HEC in Nam Ha
Period which lacking food for elephants
Other agriculture
Forest loss
Population, ethnic & religion
Villager response in HEC
Eco-tourism
Population: 1346 (The population of Ban Er lar mai Village + Ban Kouai na karng Village + Ban Phou yer Village: 482+512+352= 1346)
People in the NHPA scare elephants away using noise, fire, and lighting. Yelling, setting off firecrackers, smashing metal items, throwing stones, and using flaming torches or flashlights are examples of such responses. Elephants, on the other hand, soon learn to tolerate these sounds and lighting sources and return to raiding crops, according to research.
Ecotourism is another source of livelihood for the communities of Nam Ha NPA. Villagers are hired as tour guides or rangers for ecotours and other activities, which include forest trekking, kayaking, rafting, biking, river trips, and village homestays.
Ethnic: Khmu & Lao Loum Religion: Buddhism & Nature Spirit
Agriculture Activities Villagers main grow sorghum, Luang Prabang upland rice, sugarcane, and sesame, raising cows and buffalos. They also heavily depends on traditional slash-burn agriculture
Slash-and-burn
Bio-diversity
Hunting activities
The village in NHPA depends on traditional slash-burn agriculture to clear weeds & expand farmland which leads to soil degradation and reduces elephants’ habitat and food source. As a result, HEC intensified.
NHPA’s main purpose is to protect the habitat and biodiversity of the unique and amazing wildlife of northern Laos. There are rare wildlife species including Pangolin, clouded leopard, gaur, tiger, elephant
Theanimalsincluded asian elephant have eenhuntedforcenturiesbythemanyethnic b groupsthatliveinthes urroundingvillages. Theymainly sell it to the market or u sed it in medicine.
LANDUSE MAP (Nam Ha Elephant Canteen) Ban Phou yer Village
Ban Er lar mai Village Plot 1, 2, 3, 4 Beehive fence
Ban Kouai na karng Village
Elephant Canteen 1
Beacon Tower
0.5 km
A
A’
Elephant Raiding Route 1
Elephant Raiding Route 2
1 km LEGEND Shrubland Forest Area Built Area Farmland
Elephant Canteen 2
Rubber Plantation
Elephant Raiding Route 3
Barren Land/ Slash & Burn Elephant Canteen Distance Elephant route Village boundary Elephant canteen boundary Beehive fence
0.1 1: 5 000
km
Elephant Canteen 3 1.5 km
DESIGN PROGRAMME Repellent Crop Experiment
The Establishment of Elephant Canteen
Repellent crop experiment is to find out what kind of crop will not consume by elephants and its economic value. The research found out that the experimental crops did well while the traditional crops suffered severe damage from elephant raids. Furthermore, the income from experimental annual crops was initially low. However, with the combination of perennial crops, it can provide higher income than traditional crops while also reducing the risk of elephant raids.
Elephant canteen is a way to lure elephants away from farmer’s fields by planting elephant food crops near elephant’s habitat.
Repellent Crop
Tradition Crops
Rice
Sugarcane
Sorghum
Annual Crops
Taro
(Colocasia esculenta)
Turmeric
(Cuscuma longa)
Perennial Crops
Chilli
Eggplant
(Capsicum sp.)
(Solanum sp.)
Teak
Tamarind
(Tectona grandis)
(Tamarindus indica)
Pomelo
(Citrus maxima)
Farmland area
HEC consequences
Total farmland: 171 ha Farmland per person: 0.13 ha
Human deaths & injuries: 32 deaths & 159 injuries Economic loss: $1 million damage in crops per year Elephant deaths: More than 40 Asian elephants die from electric shocks, eating poisonous
NHPA village
HEC incident
Population: 1346 Ethnic: Lao Loum Type of agriculture: Rice, corn, tea & citrus; Chicken & pig
Deforestation due to the expansion of rubber tree plantations and farmland, intensifies elephants raiding during food shortages (July to March). Farmers stop cultivating some of the farmland, due to the fear of elephants.
crops & falling into agricultural reservoirs,
Jujube
(Ziziphus mauritiana)
Tea plantation
Chicken farm
Rice field
Rubber Plantation
Corn farm
The presence of wild elephants has stopped many people from entering the forest for rubber
Before
Elephant Food Crops Survival rate: 20-80%
Survival rate: 86-93%
Survival rate: 85-90%
Mean: 50%
Mean: 89.5%
Mean: 87.5%
Expected income per 1000 m2
Expected income per 1000 m2
Expected income per 1000 m2
Rice: $ 35 Sugarcane: $ 217 Sorghum: $ 209
Taro: $ 174 Turmeric: $ 53 Chilli: $ 50 Eggplant: $ 44
Teak: $ 362 Tamarind: $ 226 Pomelo: $ 250 Jujube: $ 227
Expected income per 1000 m2
Expected income per 1000 m2
Expected income per 1000 m2
Rice: $ 17.5 Sugarcane: $ 108.5 Sorghum: $ 104.5
Taro: $ 155.5 Turmeric: $ 47.7 Chilli: $ 45 Eggplant: $ 39.6
Teak: $ 318.6 Tamarind: $ 198.8 Pomelo: $ 220 Jujube: $ 199.8
(included survival rate)
(included survival rate)
Maize
Sugarcan
Banana
Cassava
Monitoring system
Section A-A’
Elephant Canteen The elephant canteen is planted with banana trees to lure elephants away from villagers’ farmland. It reportedly reduces 50% of the HEC in this area.
(included survival rate)
Elephant Canteen (80ha)
After
Elephant Food Crops
Jujube Tree
Pomelo Tree
Turmeric
The efficacy of elephant food crops fades with time as elephants become picky and re-enter the village to eat crops like corn and sugarcane again.
The project is heavily dependent on the government since the government decides and funds all the development. The elephant canteen cannot be continued if the government stops funding.
There is 20 staff working in monitoring and early warning service. They monitor elephant movement through drones and infrared cameras. They inform villagers to take precautions when elephants get close to the village.
Repellent Crop
Taro
Elephant behaviour
The government rent farmland and hire farmers to work in the elephant canteen Rent: $32/mu Salary: $17/day (~$470/month) Insurance (personal death): $95 000 Insurance (crops): As market price
Tamarind Tree
Beacon Tower Using smoke & fire to alarm villagers when elephant enter cross the fence
Incentive to farmer
Chilli
Beehive Fence
Banana
Corn
2021 Fall Studio
2021 Spring Workshop
2020 Spring Studio
MODELLING
04
THE RUIN PATH Mount Davis, Kennedy Town, Hong Kong Mountain Path Revitalization The site is located on Mount Davis. It is to the south of Kennedy Town and Victoria Harbor. The heritage of the battery and Jockey Club Mt Davis Youth Hostel are two major features on the mountain. The battery is slowly merged with nature by the overgrew planting. To emphasize the combination of the man-made structure and nature, the Ruin Path created a recreation area between both of the elements to connect them.
Site Location Concrete Path
Narrow Stair
Battery
SECTION DRAWING
Installation (Shelter)
Bridge (Walking Trail)
Wooden Installation
Battery
Installation (Shelter)
Narrow Stair
Existing Woodland
Existing Woodland
Retaining Wall
Retaining Wall
Concrete Path
Bridge (Walking Trail)
Existing Woodland
Seating Stair
Bridge
Narrow Stair
Bridge
Existing Woodland
DESIGN MODEL 1:300 Model
1:100 Model
05
IMMERSE INTO THE GROUND HKU, Kenndy Town, Hong Kong Urban Intervention (Group Project) This group project is to design a site specific urban furniture that is modular in nature within 2 square meters. The chosen site is Centennial Garden in the University of Hong Kong. The installation is designed to put between the stone bench. With the modular design, it is multifunctional and can transform to different funiture such as bookshelf, table and planter... Collaborators: Edelweiss Cheung, Adam Lee, Jodie Cheung, Baron Leung My role: Site analysis (grasshopper), form configuration, documenting, fabrication of the final product
Site Photos
PROCESS DOCUMENTATION
FINAL MODEL
06
THE RUIN CHURCH Comfort Terrace Garden, Fortress Hill, Hong Kong Urban Intervention Comfort Terrace Rest Garden is a sitting-out area near the residential area (Comfort Terrace). It is located along the slope and the topography is dynamic with multiple stairs leading to the place. The MTR ventilation shaft and the aging material surface inside the park are the main features of the place. This project is to design a series of follies that match the character of the place while making it more interesting.
FOLLY INTERVENTION What is a Folly? “An ornamental structure—oftentimes strange, fantastical, or whimsical—built for just one purpose: pleasure!” - Hadley Keller, 201 7, Architectural Digest “The Ruin Church“ is the theme of the folly design. It is inspired by the historical content of Fortress Hill as an important WWII British stronghold. The folly is to imitate a church that got bombed to ruin during WWII. The ruined church gives a new identity to the place. The ruin is also practical such as forming shelter and sitting area.
DESIGN MODEL (1:76)
2017 - 2022
2019 Spring
OTHERS
07
RENDERING Wai Chi, Hong Kong Street Revitalization
VISUALIZATION ART WORK
LEUNG YIK CHUN, BARON BA Landscape Studies ‘22 The University of Hong Kong baronleung0525@gmail.com
Copyright © 2022 Leung Yik Chun. All rights reserved.
