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Ken Crush with his team of Percheron cross demonstrate plowing at the Borden Threshermen’s Club annual Threshing Day hosted near Borden Sept. 29. The annual event features a parade of antique horse drawn and gas powered machinery and demonstrations of various old-fashioned farming methods. Photo by Lorraine Olinyk
Most ag organizations approve USMCA deal Staff Agriculture leadership organizations are weighing in on the new United States Mexico Canada Agreement, and most are supportive of the deal that has been struck. The Western Canadian Wheat Growers Association is supportive of the attention that grain – specifically wheat – has under agreement. “This agreement affirms what the Wheat Growers have been advocating
for several years, namely that registered wheat varieties on either side of the border should be recognized in the other country,” stated Levi Wood, president. The Wheat Growers have collaborated with US Wheat Associates and the National Association of Wheat Growers (NAWG) US on several occasions over the past two years pushing for these changes: According to WCWGA, the USMCA will require legislative and regulatory changes in order to ensure the 2019 har-
vest is dealt with on a level playing field. It is anticipated that this will lead to greater simplification of The Grain Act, fewer barriers to trade as well as more open and free markets, the organization says in a press release. “I would invite wheat growers, elected officials and interested parties to join us at Agri-Trade Equipment Expo 2018 in Red Deer, where we are hosting an onsite luncheon panel featuring growers from both sides of the Canada/US border to discuss
a number of significant policy issues that impact farmers,” said Jim Wickett, chair. The expo is on from Nov. 7 to 9. The Saskatchewan Wheat Development Commission (Sask Wheat) is also optimistic about the new agreement. “The new free-trade agreement with Mexico and the United States will allow us to build on our excellent relationship with these two key trading partners,” said Sask Wheat chair Laura Reiter. Continued on Page 2
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Most ag organizations approve USMCA deal Continued from Front “The agreement updates NAFTA with key amendments that require more co-operation, transparency and sharing of resources [among] the three countries.” The USMCA includes a section devoted to grain trade. Sask Wheat say a key aspect will allow U.S.grown wheat delivered in Canada to be treated the same as Canadian-grown wheat within Canada’s grading system. In addition, the new USMCA will require the countries to reduce the use of subsidies and agricultural safeguards for products traded among the three countries. The new agreement also addresses agricultural biotechnology, including plant breeding and requires the three countries to enhance their co-operation and exchange of information on biotechnology matters related to trade. “Once implemented, we expect the USMCA will provide more certainty to Canada’s wheat sector and will hopefully spur growth and new opportunities for Canadian producers within
the United States and Mexico,” adds Reiter. Cereals Canada is also lauding the deal. “Achieving the agreement will ensure ongoing stability in agricultural trade within North America,” stated Cam Dahl, president of Cereals Canada. “Agriculture in all three countries has benefited from freer trade. Preserving these benefits was a key objective in these negotiations”. USCMA will also modernize the agreement in critical areas, including chapters on biotechnology and new plant breeding techniques and addressing issues of low level presence, according to Cereals Canada. These updates will help bring the agreement up-to-date with modern technology. “USMCA also sets the stage for equal treatment by the Canadian grading system for farmers on both sides of the Canada/U.S. border,” noted Dahl. “Again, this is a modernization that addresses issues that did not exist when the original NAFTA was drafted. The Canadian value chain supports these
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changes.” Dahl further noted, “there was some concern that the adjustments to the grading system would undermine Canada’s classification system for wheat. This is not the case as the agreement continues to allow both countries the ability to develop national policy.” The Grain Growers of Canada are also applauding the agreement. “This is a historic agreement that serves the interests of grain farmers from coast to coast,” said Jeff Nielsen, president of Grain Growers of Canada .“ According to GGC, The USMCA makes important incremental progress on key issues for grain farmers, including new text on biotechnology and low-level presence. In addition, it will remove legal barriers that prevent grain grown
on both sides of the border from being treated equally, a longstanding request from GGC. “The United States and Mexico are major markets for most Canadian grains and oilseeds, including corn from Ontario, oats from Manitoba and malt barley from Alberta,” said Markus Haerle, GGC vice-president. “The certainty that the USMCA brings will support Canadian farmers who rely on access to the integrated North American market to succeed.” Not impressed with the deal is Canadian Federation of Agriculture (CFA). The organization has expressed disappointed with the agricultural concessions in the deal. In a release CFA points outCanada has ceded further access to the United States for a number of
dressed during these crucial talks, CFA contends. However, CFA leaders say they are relieved to see that Chapter 19 has been maintained, as this remains essential to all sectors that conduct international trade between the three USMCA countries. “While negotiations always involve some give and take, right now it seems like the USMCA negotiations missed a key opportunity to relieve some non-tariff barriers to trade, which would have been a great help to farmers from every country involved in the deal,” says Ron Bonnett, CFA president. “Couple that with more market access being given to the United States in our supply managed sectors and there aren’t many farmers under supply management who are happy right now.”
agriculture and agri-food products, especially with respect to supply managed sectors such as turkey, dairy, chicken and eggs. With additional access to Canada’s supply managed sectors already being given up in both CETA and CPTPP, this aggregation of incremental access has the potential to irrevocably harm farmers working under supply management, CFA alleges. During the negotiations, CFA recommended a “do no harm” approach to the agricultural terms of the agreement, advocating for regulatory modernization to help relieve logistical barriers to trade. However, issues such as meat re-inspection at the border, which creates delays, increases costs and thickens the border between the two countries’ highly integrated industries, were not ad-
Heavy demand for propane Staff The unseasonably wet harvest is causing record-high demands for propane to use in grain drying and delays in service from propane suppliers such as Co-op, according to a Federated Co-operatives Ltd. press release. “The issue is not that there is a shortage of propane, but rather the propane demand has risen so drastically for grain drying that the whole industry and system is not able to handle the demand,” said Keith
—Photo by Louise Lundberg
Morin, FCL’s director of propane. “We have been so busy it has been impossible to keep up, but our drivers are working as many hours as regulations allow to help the situation.” Morin stated that semi drivers are lining up for
four to six hours at gas plants and terminals to fill up before they can make deliveries to Co-op bulk storage tanks. “We have moved delivery trucks around from branches and hired more drivers, but we can’t keep pace with all of the orders
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coming in.” To give a sense for the demand, Morin noted that at Co-op’s Melfort propane branch in September, propane sales for grain drying were more than two and a half times higher than any of the past 10 years for the same month. Although Melfort is currently the busiest area for Co-op propane sales, Morin said there are also high demands in Saskatoon, Yorkton and Meadow Lake branches in Saskatchewan. In Alberta, the Edmonton and Grasslands branches are also busy, while in Manitoba the Brandon, Winnipeg and Carman branches are extended as they supply propane for corn drying. “We’re doing everything we can to serve our customers, but we realize they are frustrated with the situation,” said Morin. “We’ll continue to do our best to help out our farm customers. We know this is already a tough harvest for many of them.”
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Producers and consumers are invited to share their food stories during October, Agriculture Month in Saskatchewan. Photo by Louise Lundberg
Ag month is for sharing food stories Staff October has been proclaimed as Agriculture Month in Saskatchewan. Throughout the month people are encouraged to learn more about Saskatchewan agriculture and get involved in the conversation about modern food production. Keeping the momentum of previous years, the theme for Agriculture Month is “Our Food Has a Story.” People are invited to share their unique food story to build a connection between how our food is produced and ends up on our plates. “Agriculture Month provides an opportunity
for our producers to show their passion for producing sustainable, healthy and affordable food,” Agriculture Minister David Marit said. “By connecting with consumers about what we do, and why we do it, farmers and ranchers are building public trust and that is an important part of our industry in Saskatchewan.” The Ministry of Agriculture and Farm and Food Care Saskatchewan are collaborating with Agriculture in the Classroom Saskatchewan and Ag More Than Ever to engage industry throughout Agriculture Month to share food stories and encourage the public to learn about
modern agriculture focusing on health and nutrition, affordability, food safety and sustainability. “I’m always excited when Agriculture Month rolls around as it gives everyone an opportunity to talk about food and farming,” Farm and Food Care Saskatchewan chair Erwin Hanley said. “Consumers want to know more about how their food is grown and the engaging stories, videos and pictures that are shared during the month of October aim to highlight food in this great province.” For a full list of Agriculture Month events or to learn how you can take part, visit www.OurFoodHasAStory.ca.
chael Hoffort, FCC president and CEO. “Customers who are hog producers might not have the financial flexibility and may need some cash-flow relief to make it through the current price squeeze.” “We want our customers to know we will work with them to find solutions to assist them through this unexpected price disruption,” he said. FCC says it will work with customers to come up with solutions for their operation and will consider deferral of principal payments and/or other loan payment schedule amendments to reduce the financial pressure on producers impacted by the price drop. “We understand that commodity price disruptions can have a significant impact on farmers and I
am pleased FCC is standing behind its customers during this stressful time,” said Lawrence MacAulay, minister of Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada. “Canada has a great reputation as a consistent producer of safe, high-quality commodities to feed a growing world,” MacAulay said. “Our government continues to support Canadian agriculture through investments in research and innovation – investments that will help put Canada within reach of its $75 billion target in agriculture and agri-food exports annually by 2025.” Customers who are hog producers are encouraged to contact their FCC relationship manager or the FCC Customer Service Centre at 1-888-332-3301 to discuss their individual situation and options.
FCC offers support for hog producers Staff Farm Credit Canada (FCC) is offering support for hog-producing customers facing financial hardship as a result of international trade disputes. Hog prices in Canada have declined by 30 per cent over the last several weeks due to a rising supply of pork in the United States and tariffs on U.S. pork exports applied by large pork importing countries. The subsequent collapse in U.S. hog prices has also brought down prices in Canada to a level where many operations are no longer profitable, according to FCC. “The impact on the market happened so fast that many producers didn’t have an opportunity to forward contract or lock in at profitable prices,” said Mi-
The Battlefords, Thursday, October 18, 2018 - Page 3
Page 4 - The Battlefords, Thursday, October 18, 2018
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Information about storing wet grain this fall Submitted PAMI
Given widespread rain, snow and cool temperatures experienced across the grain belt this fall, Prairie Agricultural Machinery Institute is reminding producers of a number of recommendations to help them minimize the risk of spoilage of wet grain stored in bins. “We know producers are very concerned about the moisture content of their crops going into the bin,” said Dr. Joy Agnew, project manager of Agricultural Research Services at PAMI. “This has been an area of much research at PAMI and although some of our multi-year projects are still ongoing, the data we have already collected on the use of heat in grain drying can be used by producers to minimize losses in wet years like this.” Adding supplemental heat to natural air drying involves two basic steps, she said. The first is to use the heat to draw moisture out of the grain and into the air that is in the pockets between kernels, and then use moderate airflow rates to move that moist air out of the bin. “A lot of our research has centered on wheat and canola but the phys-
ics apply across the board to any crop,” said Agnew. “For every 10 C you can increase the temperature of the air going into the bin, you cut the relative humidity in half. That means you can turn a cold, miserable, drizzly day into perfect drying weather.” The following are some basic recommendations for improving results and reducing risk when storing wet grain. • The air moving through the bin needs to be at least 10 to 15 C for optimal drying potential and should not exceed 20 to 30 C to avoid high grain temperatures that can initiate spoilage. • Use a fan with an airflow rate of at least 0.75 cubic feet per minute (CFM) per bushel. Anything lower could result in heating of the grain, which can initiate spoilage. And, the higher the temperature increase of the air going into the bin, the more CFMs are required. With supplemental heating, hotter air is not necessarily better as you need to match your target temperature with your fan capacity. If you don’t know your fan capacity (CFM per bushel), go to pami. ca/storage to learn how to measure or estimate your airflow. • Ensure there is adequate ventilation at the top
PAMI recommends producers pay close attention to grain drying operations to lower the risk of spoilage of wet grain stored in bins. Photo by Vicky Clayton
of the bin to allow moist air to escape. That means one square foot of ventilation space per 1,000 CFM. Some bin and fan manufacturers are producing fans specifically designed to move air out of the tops
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of bins. • Rotate the bin contents frequently (every few days) by removing at least onethird from the bottom and auguring it back in the top. • Monitor the conditions in the bin. Ideally, the
moisture content should be monitored but, at a minimum, monitor the temperature in the bin. When using supplemental heat, the drying rate is considerably faster than with no heat, so keep a close eye on grain conditions to prevent over-drying. • The size of the heater should be based on the desired temperature increase (which depends on the ambient temperature and the target temperature) and the airflow rate from the fan, keeping in mind the minimum air flow rate of 0.75 CFM per bushel. • Consider investing in thermostatic controls for heaters. The more consistent the air temperature going into the bin, the more effective the drying will be. • Heat transfer efficiency is important. Properly designed systems that are appropriate for the bins and fans are best, and setting up the system properly is key to efficiency and effectiveness. • The target temperatures mentioned above are valid for the fall season but when the outside temperature drops below about -5 C, the temperature of air going into the bin should be reduced to prevent damp grain from freezing to the sides of the steel bin. • When the grain is al-
most dry, turn off the heat and cool the grain to below 15° C. Cooling the grain will result in some additional moisture removal (ranging from approximately 0.5 per cent to 2 per cent). Agnew cautioned producers to use care hooking up heating and electrical systems to grain bins as they pose potential safety risks. She also noted that the main difference among the heating options (propane, natural gas, indirect hydronic, etc.) is operating cost and ease of use. Direct fired heating systems do add moisture to the air entering the bin, but the amount of water added is negligible compared to the water being removed from the bin. PAMI’s on-going research on this topic will better define the minimum airflow rates for use with supplemental heating, the drying rates with different target temperatures, and the energy efficiency and operating costs of different supplemental heating systems. Interim results will be available in 2019 and the study wraps up in 2020. This research is funded by SaskWheat and SaskCanola. More information on crop storage can be found at pami.ca/storage.
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The Battlefords, Thursday, October 18, 2018 - Page 5
Book Pick
You Can Count on the Prairies!
Hunters can assist in the monitoring of the spread and intensity of CWD in deer, elk and moose. Photo by Louise Lundberg
Hunters can help monitor CWD this fall Staff The Ministry of Environment is asking hunters to help monitor the spread and intensity of Chronic Wasting Disease (CWD) in wild deer, elk, moose and caribou populations by submitting heads of harvested animals for disease testing, free of charge. CWD is a fatal, infectious central nervous system disease that can affect deer, elk, caribou and moose. First discovered in wild mule deer in 2000, the disease has now been confirmed in 44 of Saskatche-
wan’s 83 wildlife manage- case of CWD has ever been ment zones and three of the identified, hunters should four cervid species present not eat, or distribute for in the province (deer, elk, human consumption, the moose). It has not yet been meat or other parts from detected in caribou. animals that have not been Hunters can help reduce tested or that are found to the spread of CWD through be CWD-positive. the proper disposal of deer Heads can be submitted carcass waste. The minis- for testing at a number of try advises hunters to svoid designated drop-off locatransporting a deer carcass tions across the province from the area where it was throughout the hunting taken, especially from ar- season. eas where CWD has been For a list of drop-off detected. If a carcass is sites and information on HE-HONDASTAND15 transported, hunters are how to submit a sample for asked to dispose of it by testing, hunters can visit double-bagging it and tak- the Saskatchewan CWD ing it to a landfill. submission and tracking Although no human website at www.cwdsk.ca/.
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Text and Photos by Leila J. Olfert Published by Your Nickel’s Worth Publishing Review by Shelley A. Leedahl I’ve been reviewing books in various genres for the last few decades, and I can say without reservation that You Can Count on the Prairies, the hot-off-thepress illustrated, children’s counting book by Leila J. Olfert, has been my quickest read yet. What can one say about a 29-page book that contains only 17 words, and 16 numbers? Well, as it turns out, rather a lot. Olfert, a former preschool teacher and avid textile artist and photographer, has taken a prairie icon — the grain storage bin — and used it as the central image in this finely produced Saskatchewan-based book for youngsters. Beginning with zero, the first page features a close-up photograph of golden grain stalks against a blurred field and sky backdrop. The next page reveals a single grain bin, as perfectly round and centred on the page as the field
surrounding it is flat. Four birds are perched at the top, where an auger would pour the grain in. As the numbers on each page climb, so do the number of grain bins in each of the photographic illustrations. Winter scenes reveal sculptured snow, the pale blue sky almost mirrored in the snow. While grain bins, across the seasons, are the focal point on each page, we see how each image also tells a little story. On the page for number four, tall Westeel bins behind a barbed-wire fence are reflected in a spring ditch. Another image reveals wooden bins painted with colourful Pacman-like images (or big-eyed ghosts). Westor, Twister, Westeel-Rosco — there’s a wide representation of bins here, including some that have seen better days! This book feels like an homage to grain bins, yes, but also to Saskatchewan’s rural landscape where field and sky loom large, and one can see, as the song goes, for miles and miles. Fence posts, telephone poles and lines, stately grain bins, leafless winter trees — there’s a haunting beauty to these peopleless
images which adults, especially, may appreciate. But this is also a counting book, meant for the youngest of children. I can imagine a small finger pointing to the shining 15 bins featured on page 15, and even hear a little voice, “One ... two ... three ...” as that finger moves across the page. Many children’s books I’ve read contain a surprise on the final page, and You Can Count on the Prairies follows that tradition. I won’t specifically reveal it — you’ll have to read the book yourself — but I will say that whenever I pass a scene like that on the prairie, I say, “That is a big operation!” to whomever I’m with. On the bio page we learn that Olfert, a Saskatoon resident, previously “handmade several copies of this book for the children of friends.” Obviously her efforts were well-received, as the story’s been “diversified” into this beautifullybound Your Nickel’s Worth Publishing edition, and you can pick up a fresh copy for the price of a few good loaves of bread. — This book is available at your local bookstore or from www.skbooks.com
Page 6 - The Battlefords, Thursday, October 18, 2018
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Funding supports Living Laboratories Staff The Government of Canada is making a transformational $70 million investment, over five years, to address significant environmental challenges and hire approximately 75 scientists and science professionals in emerging fields of agricultural science. Of this $70 million investment, $44 million is dedicated to hiring the next generation of federal research scientists and science professionals and equipping them with the state-of-the-art tools they need to advance agricultural research, including environmental sampling equipment and analytical instruments. A new Living Laboratories Initiative has also been announced, which Minister
of Agriculture and Agrifood, Lawrence MacAulay said includes $10 million to support collaborative research projects with external partners. Living Laboratories are an integrated approach to agricultural research that bring farmers, scientists and other stakeholders together to co-develop, test and monitor new practices and technologies on farms. The result will be more practical technologies and sustainable farming practices adopted more quickly by Canadian farmers, according to a government press release. The remaining $16 million of the $70 million investiment is earmarked to fund collaborative federal research projects focused on priority areas affecting
the agriculture sector, such as environmental issues. With these funds, researchers will have the support, for example, to find better nutrient management solutions to ensure the health of our waterways. “Canada supports science and research and the Government of Canada is proud to support the groundbreaking work of our federal scientists,” said Kirsty Duncan, minister of Science and Sport. “We know that investments in science are essential for innovation, a strong and healthy economy, and for the environmental sustainability of our country.” “The science done at Agriculture and Agri-food Canada is vitally important for our food supply today and for our food security
for demonstration projects, feasibility studies and investment preparation studies (DHI). Many farmers suffer from bird damage in South America. In Argentina this applies in particular to the cultivation of sunflowers, blueberries, nuts, almonds, pecans and citrus fruits. “In recent months we have been conducting trials with our Agrilaser technology in various regions of
Argentina. We wanted to test the effect of our laser technology on different birds and investigate how we can increase the profitability of the local farmers,” says Imre Knol, commercial director of Bird Control Group. The company is the global market leader in innovative laser bird repelling solutions. The trials were done in collaboration with INTA, the only na-
Living Laboratories are a nation-wide network of sites where groups, both in and outside of government, can collaborate to develop and implement innovative solutions to address persistent agri-environmental issues. Photo by Louise Lundberg
tomorrow,” said Dr. Mona Nemer, chief science advisor of Canada “Increasing the number of researchers who carry
out this important work will support agricultural discovery and innovation. It is a good step towards ensuring that decision
makers have access to the scientific evidence they need to help keep Canada’s food supply safe, healthy and sustainable.”
tionally and independently operating agricultural research center in Argentina. Successful results were achieved in grape growing. The Dutch laser technology has been tested at Catena Zapata vineyard, one of the most prestigious wineries in Argentina. A 39 hectare field has been protected from birds by Agrilaser Autonomic for three months. The birds did not cause any damage during that period. Another test field was left unprotected by the Autonomic on purpose. There the damage reached almost 28,000 euros during the same test period. Aguila Andina de Mendoza from Catena Zapata, who was in charge of the installation and service of the laser bird repellent, stated, “The effect of the technology is impressive. We did not find any damage in the covered area. However, we saw a lot of damage in neighboring areas not covered by the bird repelling laser.” The Autonomic was also tested at Saavedra vineyard. The results
showed that there were hardly any birds left after a month of trial. “We are very happy with these results. We have been able to conclude that Agrilaser Autonomic is very effective in chasing birds in a large winery area,” says Knol. Farmers also deal with severe bird problems at their blueberry farms in Argentina. Pigeons, starlings, tangents and the great kiskadees are the culprits there. The bird laser has been tested on four identical fields of 0.6 hectares each in collaboration with the Argentinean Agroberries. The number of birds observed was much higher (154) on two unprotected fields than on the ones that were protected by the Autonomic (31). The birds that caused the most damage to the crops are the thrush, the great kiskadees, the sayaca tanager and the rufous-bellied thrush. “This is a nice result especially because blueberries have a very high cost value per hectare,” says Knol.
Sunflowers also get damaged by birds in Argentina. Monk parakeets like to nest on them, which can cause problems. “We have done a trial in Buenos Aires. The Agrilaser Autonomic was set up on a field of 30 hectares there. An adjacent field of 30 hectares we intentionally left unprotected. We also clearly see here that the burrowing parrots in the protected areas don’t damage the crops. However, the monk parakeets still do cause damage but to a much lesser extent. All in all, we can conclude this was a successful test with a damage reduction of more than 85 per cent,” says Knol. The Agrilaser Autonomic has been developed by Bird Control Group in collaboration with TU Delft. This laser technology has been successfully used in 76 countries to disperse birds. The technology is used not only in agriculture, but also in aviation, oil and gas, the real estate sector and many more applications.
Laser technology reduces bird damage in crops Submitted
Bird Control Group
Bird Control Group conducted successful trials and demonstrations on deterring birds with Agrilasers at agricultural fields in Argentina. Local farmers decreased their crop loss by 70 to 90 per cent. The projects were sponsored by the Dutch government as a part of the subsidy scheme
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Bourgault 72’, heavy harrow, like new .......................... $26,500 2011 Riteway 68’ heavy harrow, 24” average tine length good cond. ................................................. $34,500 Morris FP70, 70’ heavy harrow, 22” average tine length ....................................................................Coming HAY EQUIPMENT 2014 MF 2956A baler, float tires, net and twine 6100 bales ............................................................... $42,500 2013 MF2856A, float tires, 6800 bales, mesh and twine.......................................................... $35,000 AGCO Hesston 2275 16’ haybine ................................. $16,500 1998 Case 8465 baler ................................................. $6,500 2012 Case SC101 16’ hay bine, rubber rollers ............... $32,500 2007 5456A AGCO Hesston Baler, 6500 bales .............. $21,500 2017 Bridgeview Bale King VR581 hay rake NEW .......... $21,800 SWATHERS 1997 MF220 30’, dual swath ..................................... $18,500 MF220 hay header ....................................................... $6,500 14’ hay header, for hesston 8100 .................................. $6,000 220 series 2, 30’, new GPS ........................................ $28,500 6500 Case, 36’, pick up reel, 2100 hrs ........................ $16,500 COMBINES & HEADERS 0% 12 MONTHS 2015 MF9565, new demo unit, loaded, pick up header, full warranty ...................................... $395,000 2002 Gleaner R62, recent work order, ......................... $35,000 MF5100 draper header, pick up reels, 30’, ................... $15,000 GRAIN HANDLING 2013 Unververth 6225, grain cart, tarp, scale, pto drive ..........call Grainmax 4371, 13x71 .............................................. $10,500 Brandt 5000EX grain vac............................................. $13,500 2012 13x110 Brandt swing auger, hyd. mover, hyd. winch 1000 PTO ........................................................ $23,500 2012 10x60 Farm King swing auger, wireless mover like new............................................... $10,500 2012 13x70 Farm King, wireless mover, electric winch ............................................................. $17,500
Parkland
Farm Equipment (2004) Ltd. CALL US TODAY!
North Battleford, SK pfe2004@sasktel.net
306-445-2427
Bird Control Group tests in Argentina saw implementation of laser technology reduce crop yields due to bird loss by 70 to 90 per cent. Photo by Louise Lundberg
Regional Optimist
The Battlefords, Thursday, October 18, 2018 - Page 7
www.newsoptimist.ca
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|
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Page 8 - The Battlefords, Thursday, October 18, 2018
Regional Optimist
www.newsoptimist.ca
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