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A cY hYm ÐYfY g c aY hY`Y Y c] c]aca$ Y dYadY$ hYf] eYadY f Ð]d]e cmd]$ Ê H d ÐaÐg c a cYmdYfY Ya Ðg HmfY HYaY Ð9dY A CY @YdY& MY fg`g YÐ] f]a f `gÐa Y mY Ê Ð cY hmY g c] g`gË$ ÐYcY`a f Y dg`]&Ë Ê@] fma Ycm f e]Y ÐYdY a cg] g HmfY$Ë oY`a Y c] c]aca& Ê ÐG c aY oYd] f cY`a a hYÐY aYÐm&Ë 9 hYm c aY cYeYÐadag ÐYfY Y d cgm$ f fYm `gm eYadY f Ð]d]e cmd]$ Ê= c] c]aca$ Ðg oYa cgm afgY7Ë Ê ÐG CYdYhYfY cgÐm afgY$Ë oY`a Y c] c]aca& A cY dg`] ÐYfY g f Ð]d]e cmd] a c aY$ Ð YÐ]dY c]cY`a$ Ê Ðà$ c] ÐYfg `gÐgh h `gm eYadY f mY oY`a c]aca f]a& Ê ÐGaYÐaÐg `gÐa$Ë oY`a Y c]cY`a& ÊMY `YÐa emY eYa f]a d `gÐa fg CYdYhYfY Ðg aY Y c] Ð eYa f]a f Ðg CYdYhYfY f c cgfY afgY& Hada f cY afgY$ hada h e] cY Ð afY& C] dg`] Ycm f]a f c] c]aca a c aY eYm cYeYÐadag Y f oY`a Ð]d]e cmd]$ fg dYadY$ hYf] YcmdY Ðg aY$ Ê Ð9Ðg`] cYÐm `] `gÐgh h & A `]oY a cgÐm cYhY ÐaY ÐYfY Ðg CYdYhYfY Y dac] h Ya cgÐm afgY e] cY Ð afY eY aY afgY& ÐG cY Ð ÐaY eYa `gÐa ÐYÐg`] afgY cgeg Ðgd] g cY ÐYa$ Y a dmfY f cgÐm Ydg$ cYhY ÐaY a`g Ya Y ÐYÐg`] `aca aYÐm c] ` Ðgd] YÐ]& Fg dYadY$ mY `gÐg`gdg a`g Ym mY hgfg a`gdY f hY`Y aY afgY& Ê ÐG oYa cgm eYm e cmY7Ë oY`a Y c]cY`a Ð]d]eYcmd]& Ê ÐG C f]h aca cgÐm eYcmYc f] Y Ðg @Yd]h c cgÐm eYcmY`af]$ c] cYacmY`af] g f cmem `gÐgh h Y CYdYfaYdaÐadgY& 9 f fY f Ym a YÐg a cY `gÐgh h Y hYm c fY Ðac]$ `gÐgmfY YÐ] f]a aYÐm a CYdYgY$ a c] cYacmYÐYfY gfY$ a CYdYgY$ ] YÐg eYa aYÐm a f oY`a a cg] g cY `gÐgh h & 9 hYm dgY eYadY a cY hYÐY aYÐm d $ `gdg eYa f]a Ym&Ë Ê Ðà$ c] `gÐgcgdg`] `gm eYadY f mY oY`a c]aca f]a a c mY$Ë oY`a Y c]cY`a Ð]d]eYcmd]& Ê ÐGaYÐaÐg `gÐa$Ë oY`a Y c]cY`a Ð]d]eYcmd]& Ê9 CYdYgY cY Ð afY$ Y CYdYgY f cY afgY g cY eYcmY`af]& Hada f cY afgY$ hada h e] cY Ð afY&Ë Dg`] YcmdY f c] c]aca a cY fYemfYem eYa g f oY`a Ð]d]e cmd] Y hYf] YcmdY$ Ê@] hgdgd]a cYÐm& A `]oY a c] cYhY ÐaY ÐYfY g c d Ð afY Ðg CYdYgY$ hada Ya e] cY afgY g cmÐm eYcmY`af] eYcmY&Ë Fg c] c dYÐ] eYacYÐa g c] Yg$ Ðac] YcmdY c] c]aca a c] h mdamda eYa g EYma$ Y dYadY$ f fYm YcmdY Ðg aY a f Ð]d]e cmd]$ Ê ÐG oYa c d egcmhmfa ] cmYhmÐm eYadY7Ë Ê ÐG EYma aY$Ë oY`a Y c]cY`a Ð]d]eYcmd]& Ê ÐG cY Egcm G CYeY&Ë F fYm `gm YcmdY c] c]aca$ Ê9 `YdY eYa Ðg EYma$ Y dYadY$ Ðg CYmYÐa Ycm7Ë Ê Ð9Ðgd]$Ë oY`a Y c]cY`a Ð]d]eYcmd]& Ê9 `YdY eYa Ðg EYma$ cgeg Ycm Ðg] eY oY]fY g c]cY`a eYm egcm Ð]dmY& ÐG cY egcm eY dmfY$ Ðg EgdgcYÐa Fma 9 @afY$ Y Ðg cY egcm eY dYdg$ Ðg D fYÐa aY$ cY Ð afY g CYmdmd ÐYm& 9 `YdY eYa aY eYm egcm$ Ðac] Ycm Ðg]
*)
`] Ð afY `gm ] eg] eYa YfY eY emY gm& ÐG GÐY`m aY$ cY Ð afY g C cma`]oY& @gdg Ycm Ðg] eY cY ÐYgÐYg dmdm g cY Ð afY Y ] hg`m YfY d $ Ðg OYaÐYfY] aY& 9 `YdY eYa cY dY]$ f f Ycm Ðg] a cY Ðada g c] cYa ] gfa YÐ] YfY `] hmÐm fma d $ Ðg OYaÐYd]ÐYd] aY$ c] cmY`aoa cYmdYfY g CYmYÐa$ cY Ð afY m ] f fYm eYa f]a&Ë ÊC] eY`Ydg Ycm f]a Ym a ÐgdmY fg cg ÐgdmY dgcgeYacYÐa aYÐm a c] cm`acm`a ÐYfY eYa f]a a c] YdY$ fg cY e]Y$ mY hgafY cmÐm eYcmY`af] a cY `YÐa eYa aYÐm& ÐG cYÐm f a dg`] Ya a aY$ `] egcm c Ðada d c Ðg CYmYÐa& Fg dYadY$ Ðg cY `gdg fYÐYmh oYd] Ycm f d cYÐm Y `aca a cY dgYÐY ÐYfY g cY egcm c Ðada d Y Ð]Ðgd] YÐ] f]a ÐgdmY$ hgdgd]a cgÐm YdY`]d]&Ë F fYm `gm eYadY f Ð]d]e cmd]$ Ê9Ðg a`gdY a cY `gÐgh h Y Ðac]$ ] `]d] YfY a `]Y7Ë Ê= `gdg YfY oYm a CYmYÐa$Ë oY`a Y c] c]aca& ÊC % Ë oY`a Y f Ð]d]e cmd]& Ê= `gdg YfY Ðg] ] `gÐgh h e] CYdYfaYdaÐadgY7Ë Ê Ð9]& = `gdg YfY Ym ] `gÐgh h e] f dg]Y `gÐgh h g CYmYÐa$ fg cY e]Y$ a eYc] cmÐm eYcmYc f] a d cgm$ Y eY emY g cY `gdg ÐYfY g cmÐm eYcmYc f]$ mY cYmg`Y a`g Ðg aY a cmÐm eYcmY`af]$ ÐgaYa Ðg aY ] c c YfY aYÐm$ af ] ` fYm Ðg aY Y `] c]acac f]$ ] YÐg a`g Ðg aY a cY `gÐgh h Y Ðac]$ Y dYadY$ caÐa Ycm a f aoa gfY& Fg dYadY$ c] `gdg f]a Ym&Ë 9dg`Y YcmdY c] c]aca a f Ð]d]e cmd] Y Ydg`Y eYadY f `gÐa f Ð]d]e cmd] Y `gdg YcmdY c] c]aca e] cY `gÐghadahada Ð afY f & @g] YcmdY f Ð]d]e cmd] Y Ð YÐ]dY c]cY`a$ Ê9dg`Y YcmdY c `gÐa Ym a cY`a c]aca ] caÐa d a f aoa g cY eYcmY& Af ] h eYa a cY hgÐ] g CYmYÐa$ cYmdYÐa h ÐaY f aoa gfY e] cg cY eYcmYc f]$ Y af ÐaÐg `gÐa ] h a c] c]aca$ dgYÐY f aoa g cY eYcmY& ÐG c] Ydg`Y eYcmY hY`Y aY d & E] aY ÐmÐmcm f $ c] ÐYm `gÐgcY`a ÐaY d c aY eYm cYa dgY&Ë HYf] YcmdY c]cY`a Ð]d]eYcmd]$ ÊGdY cgÐm eYm d ` hYm]Y af fYÐm c d oY`a c]aca&Ë Ê@] eYc]`]oY c] cmcg ÐYfY a c `YÐa e]Y eYacYÐa$Ë oY`a Y c]cY`a Ð]d]eYcmd]& Ê@] Y`Y d `gÐa$ `] cYeYÐadag oYd] YÐ]dY f `gÐa c aY&Ë 9 hY] f Ð]d]e cmd]$ ` hYa YcmdY a cY oYÐY Y cYm a dmfY$ `gÐa YcmdY a cg d mY `Yd]& Fg c] cgcgc] dgY ] Yg$ mY hYm cY h ÐYfY g c] C `Ym$ Y a cY `gÐghmcY ÐYfY YÐ] Y cY d $ Ð YfaYfa eYa YfY c] C haY$ cY eYcYfa cYeYÐ afY g f @adg HYda C $ a cY o a Ð YÐ] Ya c] c]aca a cY h]ÐY gfY Y cYm$ Y dYadY$ fY cY eYcYfa cY `YfY& 9 cYÐY YÐ]dY c aY eY oY`g g @ e cmY$ dgYÐY a`gdY cY`a oYÐY g aY f]a a c] 9Ð]dgY Y e] cY @gdghgÐghgÐg$ f eYcYfa g aY Ð afY& 9 `YdY Ðg @ e cmY$ cYm YcmdY c aY a cY a`m g cY oYÐY gfY fg EYma$ Y h a`gdY a oY]fY egYfY& A c] Yg ÐYfY YÐ]$ ] `gdg YfY cg aY f]a oYÐY eY cY ÐYgÐYg dmdm g EYma& A cY `]d] ÐYfY YÐ] Y o]dYo]dY cY d $ `aca YcmdY c aY a cY`a g f c fYcY ] `]Ð] fYdm YfY&
**
A cgfY cgcgc] ÐYfY Ycm a cY hgÐ] `]Ð] fYdm$ f fYm YcmdY Ðg aY$ Ê ÐG oYa cY afgY g c aY oY`a7Ë Ê ÐG EYma cY egcm& ÐG DY`YafY c] YoY&Ë F fYm eYadY c]cY`a g cY hgÐ] `]Ð] fYdm$ Ê= `gdg YfY cY oYÐY g c] c]aca a `]Y7Ë Ê= `gdg YfY a CYmYÐa$Ë oY`a Y c] c]aca& ÊA cY `gÐgh h &Ë Ê= hY]$ Y ÐYh h `gdg$Ë oY`a Y c]cY`a cYfYcY& Ê Ð9Ðgd] Ym ] hY]& = `gdg f Ym& ÐG c] Ydg`Y f &Ë Ðä YÐ]dY c]cY`a cYfYcY$ Ê@gÐgfYf f `gÐa cYeYdaÐa daÐadaÐa a cY `]d] ] `gÐgh h &Ë HYf] eYadY c] cYfYcY a cga Ya a c] c]aca ] hY]$ Ê Ðà$ e daY hY`Y `] Êaca mfm$ `] hYÐY cY h `Ycm fma$ ÐYÐg`] ] cYÐYË&Ë Ê@] ÐgaYÐaÐg c m& MY `]oY cgÐm oY`Y&Ë 9 hYm YÐ]dY c d cgm cYeYÐadag ÐYfY fg c] c]aca& A cY `YÐYd]d] ÐYfY g c] c]aca a DY`YafY$ Ðac] YcmdY Ðg aY a f egcm Ð]dmY Y f Ð]d]e cmd] a `YÐa eYa Ya& @gdg eYadY c aY Y `YdY Ðg CYdY]gcYd ÐYm Y Ðac] c aY a cY eg] eYa g GÐY`m eY dYdg& F hgÐg f `gÐa cY d $ `gdg eYadY Ðg aY a aY h Y cYÐY YÐ]dY eY cY ÐYgÐYg eY dYdg g GÐY`m& 9 a cY oYfYÐYg$ dgYÐY a`gdY Ðg aY a cY hg`m& 9 dYadY$ fgÐgfgÐg a`gdY Ðg aY Ðg OYaÐYfY] c aY& @gÐghadahada Ð afY eYadY c aY Y dgYÐY a aY f]a c] C `Ym Y Ðg cgfY oY`a eYcYfa f aY$ hmcY a cY dY] Ðg CYÐ]fY& A cY `YdY ÐYfY g cY dY] Ðg CYÐ]fY$ e ÐYeYÐYeY dgY YÐ]dY Y Ðac] YcmdY c aY a c] gfa eYa g c aY hmÐm fma eY emY gfY& @gÐgeYfYÐg YÐ]dY Ðg aY Ðg OYaÐYd]ÐYd] aY$ c] cmY`aoa cYmdYfY g CYmYÐa$ Y cYm YcmdY cY a`m g cY oYÐY gfY fg CYmYÐa& @]d] f `gÐa Y cgcgc] a cY Ð afY$ cYÐY cY d eY c d ÐYgÐYg g f cmY`aoa g CYmYÐa$ Y eYdm eYadY f CgÐgdYm Y Ðac] YcmdY c] c]aca a c aY cmdY fma h dY`YdY`Y eY emY gfY& Fg dYadY$ `gÐg`gdg a`gdY Ðg aY ] hY] a dYadY$ eY emY g cY h Ð]d]Ð]d] dgY ÐYfY a`g& A cgfY hY] ÐYfY Ycm f a cY`YcYa$ ` d oYa a`gdY Ðg aY e] c]cY`a cYfYcY a `]d] eYa a cY dYoYaÐY& 9dg`Y eYadY c d Y Ydg`Y YcmdY f `gÐa c] c]aca& Ð9Ðgd] a d Ða`a$ `gdg YÐ]dY cY eafgÐYcY eY cgfY eYm h h dafY Y ÐmÐmea a`gdY Ðg aY a cgfY ÐYcYÐYcY eYgda ÐYfY YÐ]& ÐAc] eYadY c] cYfYcY eYcmY a cg aY f]a eafgÐYcY Y hYf] eYadY$ Ê= c] c]aca$ ] ÐYcY `gÐg`]f]`]f] YfY hY`Y Ðg] aYÐm d 7Ë Ê Ð9]& = ÐYcY YfY Ym a Ðg]$Ë oY`a Y c] c]aca& Ê9 c] `YÐa hgdgd]a Ycm f]a Ym a Ðg]$ fg cY e]Y$ ÐYÐgd] Ym a eYÐY a aY e]Y `] `gÐghmfahmfa&Ë Ê Ð9]& Ð9cY ÐaY$Ë oY`a Y c] cYfYcY& Ê9 ÐYÐgd] f Ym ] `gÐ `]oY Ycm a Ðg]$ fg cY e]Y$ mY `YÐa hgdgd]a eYa f]a Ðg] aYÐm& FY oYa f `gÐa ] f]d] cY ÐYcY ÐaY$ mY ÐYcg ÐaY YÐ] c] hgÐg Y h Ðagd]& A Y`Y Ya f `gÐa cY ÐYcg ÐYfY g c] hgÐg h d 7Ë oY`a Y c] c]aca& Ê= eYfYÐg eYa YfY c hY`Y Ðg] fYÐm f c aY eYm `YfY$Ë oY`a Y c] cYfYcY& Ê ÐG oYa `gÐa cY e]Y fYÐYmh ] ÐYcg h Ðagd] a c] hgÐg a e]Y ] `gÐg`]f]`]f] ÐaY eYa Ya7Ë *+
Ê9 fY oYa c c m `YfY ÐYcY7Ë oY`a Y c] c]aca& Ê@] `YfY ÐYcY YmYf]Ða cYm @] `gÐge afgafg eYgda f $Ë oY`a Y c] cYfYcY& Ê9 fY oYa eYa `gÐa cYm FY c] YdaÐa f `gÐa g e cgm g CYmYÐa f]a$ fY CYdYfaYdaÐa dgY$ c] YdaÐa `gÐgh h &Ë ÊA Y`Y Ya c fY ÐYcg h Ðagd] ÐYfY a c] hgÐg7Ë oY`a Y c] c]aca& ÊA ÐYcg ÐaY `gÐa cY dYmg`g g e cgm a ÐY`Y ] `gÐgcmÐacmÐa Ya Ðg cY h aoa g cY `Yd] g mY YdaÐa f]a&Ë Ê9 h]`]Y ] dgYÐY Ya cY aoa g cgfY h 7Ë oY`a Y c]aca& ÊMY `gÐg`aca mY YdaÐa f]a$ Ðg f `gY`gÐgh h Y hYm gfY ] h YfY a aY$ ] c dmY ÐaY a cY aem Y dYo] ÐaY f aoa fg cY h $Ë oY`a Y c] cYfYcY& Ê Ðà$ gdY c `gÐa cY eYcYÐ afYfY$Ë oY`a Y c] c]aca$ Êaf Ðg c] YdaÐa c f &Ë Ê@] gdY eYa YmYf]Ða cYm @] e Ð]oYÐ]oY eYgda cY fg`g ÐYfY g c aY Ð afY$Ë oY`a Y c] cYfYcY& Ê9 YaY a `]Y mY YdaÐa f]a g Ðgmcgm7Ë Ê=aY cgc] YÐ] f eY dmfY YÐ] f]a&Ë Ê ÐG oYa cY afgY g c aY oY`a7Ë Ê ÐG OYadmY c aY& 9 Ðg CYhYÐY c d cmdY h dY`YdY`Y fma ] oYa`g eYadY eY dmfY&Ë ÊAf h d $ fg Ðgf]Ða cYÐm `mYcYÐa$Ë oY`a Y c] c]aca& ÊEY `]Y YmYf]Ða d ] oYa`g Ya cmÐm oY`a oYÐY7Ë Ê= ` hYa c mY Y cgeg a dgcg g cY`a YfY&Ë Ê9aY eY `]Y aY YfY7Ë Ê9aY eY dYdg g cY`a hmÐm Ðg HmÐmÐ h]dm ] c eYadY$Ë oY`a Y c] cYeYÐ afY e] c] cm`acm`a h ÐYfY Ycm g cY daeY a cY hmÐm& Ê ÐG aY `gÐa ` Ë Ê Ð9]& = ` hYa Ycm c mY&Ë oY`a Y c] cYeYÐ afY& Ê = cmÐm emY a`g hY`Y `gÐa cY d g cg oYÐY a dYdg& 9 hYm$ Y dYadY$ ` hYa Ycm c mY7Ë Ê Ð9Ðgd]$Ë oY`a Y c] c]aca& ÊH d f ] cYm e da] Ya cY d g cmÐm oYÐY$ fg cY e]Y$ Ðg cY Ð ÐYfY f a @YoYaÐa$ Ðg c fY cYm f aY Y `aca `gm a @YoYaÐa&Ë @ hYa YcmdY d mY Y cgeg a c] YfY$ Y oYa`g a`gdY a cY oYÐY e] f hgfg Y hYm$ e] c] cYm f g cY d $ Ðg aY `gÐa cY h]ÐY& HmcY eYadY d mY Y eY oY`g g c] YfY$ Y dYadY$ f fYm YcmdY c] cYeYÐ afY a c] c]aca$ Ê ÐG oYa cgm afgY7Ë Ê ÐG CYdYhYfY cgÐm afgY&Ë ÊEYa `]Y eYa Ðg]7Ë ÊEYa @YoYaÐa eYa Ym Y Ðg CYdYhYfY a HmfY cgÐm Ð afY ` fYm&Ë Ê9 ] `]d] YfY Ðg] a `]Y7Ë
*,
ÊA `]d] eYa f]a Ym a CYmYÐa f]a a cY `gÐgh h $ Y fg cg `YÐa ÐYfY eYa f]a ]aY a ÐYf]Ða Ðg CYdYfaYdaÐadgY$ c] YdaÐa cYmdYfY a cY `gÐgh h $ Ðg aY cgÐm e]Y a `YÐa emY Ycm f]a a Ðg]$ fg Ðgf]Ða c cYÐm `mYcYÐa&Ë Ê@gÐgfYf f c `gÐa Ðg] Ðg cY ÐYm ÐYfY eYa f]a a c] cYa dgY&Ë oY`a Y c] cYeYÐ afY& Ê@] Ðac] f Ðg] a cY `gÐgh h 7Ë Ê Ð9]& @] Ðac]& ÐG aY `gÐa cY e]Y a acYacY Ya f Ym Y `gdg eYadY a CYmYÐa f]a&Ë F f hgfg eYadY c] cYeYÐ afY a c] c]aca$ ÐgaYa$ Ðg cY hgÐ] emY a `]d] Ycm Ya ] `gÐgh h e] cY hgÐ] g CYmYÐa$ `] cYfYcY eYcmY oYd] f Y `] oY`a c]aca ÐmÐmcm oYd] f c aY$ ÐYÐg`] a hYÐY cY `gh] a cY `me]& A e caÐa eYgda ÐaY YÐ] f cY e]Y a hYÐY Ya& ÐAc] YcmdY c] c]aca ÐYÐg`] eYfYÐgÐaÐg g c] cYeYÐ afY a c fY$ fg dYadY$ cgeg `gm YcmdY Ðg aY a dgcg g c] YfY& @]d] YcmdY Y dgYÐY cY`a oYÐY gfY$ d dYm a`gdY a DgfgYahm$ cY ahm `gÐgh h fY$ cYm YÐ]dY a c] cmY Y hmcY `gm eYadY a oY`g& 9 dYadY$ o]`] YÐ]dY Ðg aY a c] hgÐa g cY ahm Y Ð YcmdY a c] cYeYÐ afY$ Ê Ð9Ðg`] gm eYfYÐgÐaÐg a cYÐm$ fg dYadY$ ]aY cY ` Ðac] ] eYghghg Ya a Ðg]& ÐG DgfgYahm c aY& @] ahm `gÐgh h & 9 ]aY a dgcg g c aY ahm cYÐm eYm e]Y `gÐgh h Y hYm&Ë F]Ð]f]Ð] eYadY c] cYeYÐ afY Y cgcgc]$ Y f f a`gdY$ Y Ðac] a`gdY a f e]Y `gÐgh h Y c] c]aca$ Y ÐYcY`a f Ðg aY Y eYfYÐgÐaÐg a `]d] eYa c] c]aca a cY `gÐgh h & 9 dYadY$ Ð eYadY c] cYeYÐ afY$ Ê= `gÐa c mY a cYm`Yd] ] eg] Ya Y ÐYh h `]d] a cg `YfY&Ë Ê Ð9Ðgd]$Ë oY`a Y c] c]aca$ Êfg cY e]Y$ af Ym ] `gÐa e] Ðg]$ h Ym a cY hgÐ] g CYmYÐa f]a$ Y af ÐYÐgd] Ym ] `gÐa e] Ðg]$ h emY d cgm aYÐm&Ë ÊH]`]Y a`gdY ] h Ya d cgm a Ðg]$ af ÐYÐgd] Ðg] ] `gÐa e] YÐm&Ë ÊH]f]a& = eYfYÐg YfY d cgm d `] cYeYdaÐa Ym$ `] eYcYÐm oYd] a cY hgÐ] Ð]Ð]hY g cY h $ fg dYadY$ af Ym ] Ð d]dg Ycm a c] YdYfma Ym cY`a a eg] Ya$ ] ` Ðgd] eYa YfY d cgm Y ] Ð d]dg eYa YfY$ a cYm`Yd] Ym cY`a a eg] Ya&Ë ÊFma cgm Ðac] ] c] c]aca& C] Ðac] YcmdY Ym a cgm YcYeYa a cY fgÐgfgÐg ÐYfY fg c aY `YfY$ fg dYadY$ ÐYÐgd] Ym ] cga Ycm YfY a Ðg] ] `gÐa e] YÐm& @] Y`Y c] cmem g cgm `]d] ÐYfY eYa f]a ] `gÐgh h 7Ë Ê@] cYmg`Y fY cmÐm eYcmYc f]& @]d] eYa Ðg aY a cY `gÐgh h $ cYmg`Y a`g a cmÐm eYcmY`af]$ af aY ] h Y eYc]$ ] caÐa eYa Ym a f aoa gfY&Ë
*-
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*.
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*/
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*0
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*1
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+(
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A aY a hmcY eYa Ya a oY`g$ Ðac] YcmdY Ðg aY a c] c]aca ] `gdg`gdg YfY eY oY`g g cY h aoa$ `acad]d] YÐ]dY Ðg aY Y `gÐ `g YÐ]dY e] cY d]g fma a e]Y ] dg`] eYa Ya cY hgÐ] g dgcg g cY `Yd]& Êx% @] oY`a c]aca d Ë 9 dg`] c] c]aca a c aY d]g$ `mda cgc] eYadY Ðg aY Y f f eY cY`a fY a dg`] Ya a cY d]g$ Y Ðac] YcmdY Ðg aY a c] cYfYcY a YdY eYa Ya& 9 dYadY$ `gÐgeYghghg a`gdY c] c]aca$ Ðg c] cYfYcY cY e]Y f fY Ðg aY a `gÐ `g eYa$ fg dYadY$ mY `gÐ `g YcmdY f `gÐa c] c]aca e] f Ð d]dg `gÐghada h]f]a$ Êx% @] oY`a cYfYcY d Ë A cY dg`] ÐYfY g c] cYfYcY a c aY hYf] `gÐghada ÐYfY Ycm g c] c]aca ] dac] e] c fY a `gÐ `g emY eYa Ya$ `gÐgeYghghg cgc] a`gdY Ðg aY `] c]aca `gÐgh h c aY Y a `]d] Ycm ] `gÐgh h e] d cgm& Fg dYadY$ `mda `gm YcmdY f mY cYfYcY f]a Y cgeg a dgcg g cY `Yd] Y `gÐ dY YcmdY a cY hgÐ] g dgcg g cY `Yd] ] `aYeg] YfY e] cY Ð d]dg Ycm$ Ê= d cgm f]a @] oY`a c]aca `gÐgh h $ YaY eY oY`g Ë A cY `mda ÐYfY Ycm g c] cYfYcY ] cgeg a dgcg$ mY `mda h YÐ]dY c] c]aca ] f f a c] c gÐg cYfYcY fY a Ðac] emY Ya ] `]d] eYa YfY Y Ðac] YcmdY Ðg aY mY cgcgc] dgY eYa d cgm$ Y Ðac] h YcmdY f `gÐa Ðg aY a c] cYeYÐ afY a ` d oYa emY Ya e] aY a cY`YcYa a cY o fY a hY] Ycm Ya& A cY o a `gÐ dY Ycm Ya c] cYfYcY a cY hgÐ] g d cgm$ dg`] YcmdY f c] c]aca a c fY eYm Ð d]dg$ fg dYadY$ `mda YcmdY Ðg aY a c] c gÐg cYfYcY ] `]d] eYa YfY Y c `]Y `gÐghada YcmdY ] dac] e] c c] cYfYcY a `gÐ dY Ycm Ya a cg d cgm hgÐ]$ Ê= d cgm d @] cYfYcY eYcmY `gÐgh h $ YaY eY dgcg Ë 9 dg`] c] c gÐg cYfYcY a c aY c `]Y Y c] c]aca$ ÐYcY dac] YÐ]dY d cgm fg c] c `]Y ÐYfY Ycm Y c] c]aca a d cgm eY c] ÐYfg `gÐgh h $ Y Ð YÐ]dY c] cYeYÐ afY a ` d oYa Ya e] c] c]aca$ Ê Ðà$ c] Ð oYdY cYa]`m Ð eYadY f mY oY`a c]aca f]a& Ð9Ðg`] c `gÐa a egÐY c ÐYdYÐYdY g cYcY`aYcY$ `gÐgdYd] Ð f cY`a cYfYcY aca&Ë Ðä YÐ]dY `gÐa c]cY`a$ Ê Ð9Ðg`] f c `gÐa a cYÐ] eYa cY ÐmÐmcm g c d oY`a c]aca& Ð9Ðg`] a hYÐY cY`a `gh] a cY `me]& H]`]Y a`gdY d aY a eYfYÐg Ya ] h YfY c aY hgÐ] a aY c] `gÐgh h 7Ë @]d] dgY eYadY d cgm Y cgcgc] a cY`a g c] c]aca ] c YfY Y fg`g a`gdY eY dYadY$ fg cY e]Y$ a `]d] eYa d cgm ] `gÐgdg`] a f Ð d]dg `gÐgh h Y c] c]aca e] cYeYÐ afY& A cY dg`] ÐYfY `gÐa g cY hgÐ] g dgcg g cY `Yd] a c aY `gÐ dY Y c]cY`a g d cgm$ mY YdY cgc] YÐ]dY d cgm Y hYm e] cY h Ð Ð Y f fYm YÐ]dY c]cY`a$ ÊFg `]Y eYa aY oY`a c]aca7Ë HYf] YcmdY c] cYfYcY a Ðac] Ya$ ÊFg `]Y `gÐa& Ð9Ðg`] Ym a f fYm Ycm f]a&Ë Ê@] c]aca fma dgY f 7Ë Ê Ð9Ðg`]& @] oY`a c]aca ÐmÐmcm dgY f & Ð9Ðg`] a hYÐY cY `gh] a cY `me]&Ë Ê@gÐgfYf f c `gÐa c f oY`a c]aca& = Y`g fYÐ] `gÐa aY$ dgYÐY cY`a c ÐYdYÐYdY g c aY cYcY`aYcY fma g cY `gÐ dY ÐaY ÐYfY YÐ] f]a& MY d Ða`a c aY eYm d g cY fg`g oYd] ÐYfY
+*
e] cY `YfY Ðgd] a cY hmfa Y c cgm& 9 `] ÐYcY`a oYd] f `gÐa fY oY`a c]aca$ ] Y`g aY$ dgYÐY cY `gY`gÐgh h & A d cgm ] cYeYÐadag YfY$ dg`] YcmdY d cgm a cY hYf] `gÐgh h Y c] c]aca& 9 dYadY$ Ð YÐ]dY c]cY`a cYfYcY$ Ê Ðà$ hgdgd]a oYd] cY hYf] Y c] c]aca& 9 hYÐa YÐ]dY f aY Ð d]dg Y c cgm&Ë A aY o a hYf] Ya Ðg @Yd]h fa`g$ ÊH d a`g Y `gÐgeYcY Ycm cY `YfYÐaÐg$ Y dYadY$ Ðac] ÐaY c] YcYeYa g c f oY`a c]aca&Ë 9 hYm dgY YÐ]dY f c fYcY a c] YdY$ Y YdY h `gÐa e] c] YdaÐa$ e] CYdYfaYdaÐadgY$ Y dYadY$ Ð cmÐm dac] YÐ] f]a d cgm Y hYm eY dgcg Ycm g cY Ð hmcY g cY `Yd] Y f f YcmdY a oY`g Y Ðac] YcmdY d cgm a mY oY`a c]aca f]a& A cY Ðac] ÐYfY g @Yd]h fa`g$ c]cY`a cmem `gÐgh h Y c] YdaÐa Y CYdYfaYdaÐadgY$ a cY`a c]aca$ Ð YÐ]dY Ðg aY$ Ê@gÐg`adY`adY f c `gÐa cY `gÐgh h ÐYfY Ycm af Ðg cY`a `gY`gÐgh h c d $ Ðg c d oY`a c]aca ÐYa oYa & Ðä eYadY c]cY`a$ ÊE daY hY`Y `] aca hmY eYmÐm$ `] ca`] cY hmcYa`m& Fg dYadY$ Ð] $ eYa cY]fY emY&Ë 9 dYadY$ f fYm eYadY Ðg @Yd]h fa`g a c] c]aca$ Ê@] c]aca `gÐgh h hY`Y Ðg]$ Ð] 7Ë A aY o a c dgm Ycm Ya c] c]aca a emY g @Yd]h fa`g e $ e] cY ` d Ycm g f eYcY eY dYdg& F f hgdgd]a YcmdY c] c]aca a d cgm fg c]cY`a o $ Y daÐmdaÐm$ hYf] YcmdY Ðg aY$ Ê@] cYfYcY eYcmY `gÐgh h hY`Y Ðgmcgm Ð] 7Ë @gÐgf mcamca a`gdY c]cY`a hgÐ] c fYcY e cmY a c] ÐYfg ` ÐgaÐga Ycm g c] c]aca Y Ð YÐ]dY `gÐa c]cY`a$ Ê Ðà$ hYÐa `gm f aY Ð d]dg `gÐgh h Y c cgm a c] c]aca&Ë 9 dYadY$ hYf] `gm eYadY Ðg @Yd]h fa`g$ Ê Ðx` $ `] c]aca `gÐgh h c d & EY dgcg ] c] c]aca&Ë Ê Ðx` $ `] cYfYcY eYcmY `gÐgh h c d & EY oY`g ] c] cYfYcY eYcmY$Ë h d a hYf] Ycm Ya c] c]aca& A cY Ðac] ÐYfY g f c fYcY e cmY a cY hYÐa eYm g f `YfY `gÐgh h Y d cgm a c] c]aca eY c aY eYm `gÐgh h emY ÐYfY Y d cgm$ fg dYadY$ mY `gÐgf mcamca dgY a`gdY Ðg @Yd]h fa`g$ c]cY`a g f cmem `gÐgh h Y CYdYfaYdaÐadgY$ c] YdaÐa `gÐgh h $ Y a aY eYfYoY Ðg aY a `YfYÐaÐg eYa Ya e] cY eYfYÐg Ðg aY cY `YfY ] hadacaY Ya c] c]aca a d cgm ÐgaYa$ mY cg`g a`g d cgm ] dYfYcadY YfY d cgm eY dmfY g c] c]aca eY f e]Y `gÐgh h Y hYm fg cg d cgm Ðac] ÐYfY eYa$ `] ÐmÐmcm cg aY f]a oY`a cafg$ Y ÐYÐg`] a hYÐY hgfg cY`a eYdg eY cY `me]fY eYdg$ ÐgaYa$ a f caÐa oYd] ÐaY YÐ] f cY`a eYdg a cY `gh]$ ] dac] e] cY e]Y eYÐYeYm a f cYeYdaÐa daÐadaÐa g c aY d `ma a cY o cY`acg& 9 h]f]a a `YfYÐaÐg eYa Ya Ðg @Yd]h fa`g a c] c]aca& MY fgÐgfgÐg a`g Ðg aY e daY hY`Y af Ðg aY ] hYd] a c] c]aca ÐYÐgd] ] cgeg Ycm a dgcg g cY `Yd]$ Ðg aY d cY e]Y ] eYc]
++
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+,
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A cY dg`] ÐYfY g cY ÐY`Y cYfYcY a cY Ð d]dg Y c] c]aca mY hYÐa$ mY `gÐ `g eYadY d cgm$ Ê9m GdY `gm YcmdY f mY hgÐ] f]a eY cY Ð hmY&Ë Ê@] cmhYaYfY`Y oYd] f hY`Y c aY c]aca$Ë oY`a Y c]cY`a cYeYÐ afY& ÊA aY oYd] f c] ]g eYa cY `gÐgeYcY ÐYfY Y `aca a c aY o & Ð9Ðg`] fYÐ] `] h]h]`a Ycm a c d hgÐ]&Ë A cY Ð fgY ÐYfY `gÐa g c] c]aca Y `]d] Ya f Ð]d]d]$ mY eaca eYadY f cY`m g c] YdaÐa Y `gÐgeYÐ]eYÐ] a`gdY a c] Ðafg g dgcg g cY `Yd] Y hYm& 9 a cY o `gÐa Y CYdYfaYdaÐadgY a hmcY Ya a oY`g$ mY Ð YcmdY Ðg @Yd]h fa`g a cg d cgm hgÐ]$ Ê= dYo] YÐ] c cgm a f cYdY Y hYm g cY `Yd]$ Y af ] cgeg eYa c] c]aca ] f]d] YfY Ðg aY a c] cYdY Ðgd]$ Y Ðg cgfY eYc] f aY a c cgm& Ð9] cgc] eYadY Ðg E c Y e] E c $ Y h d f `gÐa Ðg CaÐ]a Y e] F f $ Y `gÐa YcmdY d cgm Y fg`g h cY`a YÐ]dY eY c d Y e] c aY cYdY g cY `Yd]$ Y hYm dgY YÐ]dY f cYdY Ð]` g cY `Yd]& ÐAc] YcmdY Ðg C]daÐagcYhYÐY a c aY eYm `YfY Y cg d cgm hgÐ]$ Y `gÐgeYghghg a`gdY Ðg aY ] eYc] ÐaÐg YfY c] c]aca& 9dg`Y a`gdY Ðg aY a c] c]aca& Ð9Ðg`] fYÐ] `] `aca a aY c] c cmY Ycm& A cY hYm ÐYfY g cY hYf] ÐYfY Y c] c]aca$ a aY o a `mda YÐ] Ya c] YdaÐa a `gh] Y cgeg YcmdY a dgcg g cY `Yd]& 9 cgeg YcmdY c] YdaÐa a dgcg$ a aY o $ c YÐ]dY c] c]aca a dmfY$ cYm YÐ]dY a cY ahm fY a c] cmY Y cgeg YcmdY a dgcg g cY h aoa& @]d] dgY YcmdY Ðg aY Y `aca a cY Ð hmcY$ Y dYadY$ c a`gdY Ðg aY eY dYadY Y caÐ]a YcmdY a dgcg& ÐAc] YcmdY Ðg aY `] `gÐgcY`a cYfYcY eY c d Y e] c aY cYdY g cY `Yd] Y `gÐgeYghghg a`gdY Ðg aY `] `YfY `gÐgh h c aY Y mY hgÐ] c fYcY e cmY f]a$ fg dYadY$ ÐYÐgd] Ðg aY a cgeg Ycm a dgcg g cY `Yd]$ Yc $ cmÐm a`gdY Ðg aY a cY ahm fY a dYdg$ Y Ð a`gdY2 Ê Ð9]$ mY dYo] YÐ]dY Ðgmcgm a f cYdY Y hYm g cY `Yd] a e]Y ] f]d] Ya oYm a c] cYdY Ðgd]& H d ÐaÐg hY`Y& = f f YÐ] Ym a cmÐm ahm&Ë Cm]cYÐY a`gdY Ðg aY a cY ahm fY Y dgYÐY c fY e]Y a eYc]eYc] Ya& 9 dYadY$ oYa`g a`gdY Ðg aY eY dmfY dgY g cY ahm fY& A c] c ÐYfY g c] c]aca Y cgeg a cY h aoa$ mY c h YÐ]dY e] cY ÐY`Y cYfYcY$ Y cgeg YcmdY d cgm Y ha`YcmÐa Ðg dgcg g cY h aoa$ Y cmc fma YcmdY eY oY`g g cY hmcY g cY `Yd] `gÐgh h & F f eYadY c] c]aca Y Ðac] a c] cmc Ycm g c fYcY eY `gh] gfY$ Y dYadY$ cgeg YcmdY Ðg aY a dgcg g cY `Yd] `gÐgh h g CYdYfaYdaÐadgY$ c] YdaÐa `gÐgh h g CYmYÐa& A dYoY f Y cgeg c] c]aca a dgcg g cY `Yd]$ Ðg cY Ð eYc] eYadY f aY g @Yd]h fa`g2 Ê9 eYc] Ðg] ] fY c]aca a e cgm MY fg`g YÐ] f]a e cgm eY f cYdY Y hYm g cY `Yd] Y ÐYÐgd] cYdY a cg] fgm ] fg`g Ya& Ðà EYc]$ Ð] EYc] YmYf]Ða hY`Y ] c] c]aca a cY f]d] a c] cYdY Ðgd]& MY Ðg`a YÐ] f]a e cgm a f cYdY Y hYm&Ë A cY o a dg`] Ya c] c]aca a c aY `YfY `gÐgh h Y c fYcY e cmY$ mY c e da] a`gdY Ðg aY$ Yc Ðg cY ÐY`Y cYfYcY$ mY `gÐ `g YÐ]dY d cgm2 ÊEYc] c] c]aca EYc] c] c]aca MY hYm dgY f cYdY Ð]` g cY `Yd] `gÐgh h a f c fYcY e cmY Y mY f]d] c] c]aca a c] cYdY Ðgd]&Ë ,1
ÊC ` ` 9 dgYÐY c `gÐa cg Ðgmcgm cYdY$ cg c] cYfYcY eYcmY$ ÐYÐgd] c `gÐa ] dgYÐY cgÐm cYdY$ cg c] c]aca$Ë oY`a Y c] c]aca & ÊA Ðgmcgm cgÐm e]Y ] f]d] Ya a c] cYdY Ðgd]7 A cgÐm YÐg ÐaY ÐYfY a cY `gÐgh h $ mY ` ÐYoa eYa f cYÐm cmem a cYdY fgÐm$ Y mY ÐYm h eYa f]a f Ym a cY egYfY e] cgÐm cYdY&Ë A aY o a fYfYg a`g Ya c] c]aca a dgcg g cY ahm fY Y dgYÐY cY aÐY `] cYdY$ fY f a cYm Ya eY dmfY dgY$ ÐgaYa Ðg aY ] c YfY eY cY hmcY$ Y h c a`gdY Ðg aY a dYdg eY cY mcmoYa g cY `Yd] Y cY]fY YÐ]dY$ Ê Ðx$ ]aY eYa c] cYdY Y CYdYhYfY$ c] c]aca `gÐgh h g HmfY$ Y c] fg`g f]a Ym a dmfY g cgÐm cYdY&Ë 9 dYadY$ fg`g a`gdY c] c]aca a dmfY g mY cYdY f]a fY& Ê9 gdY c] c]aca 9 gdY c] c]aca MY dgYÐY YÐ]dY f cg aY YdY cYdY$ `] aÐY$ `] cYdY$Ë h d cY ÐY`Y cYfYcY a `gÐ `g eYa Ya& A aY o a hYf] eYa Ya Ðg C]daÐagcYhYÐY$ ÊMY dgYÐY ÐaÐg cgm cYdY ] c] c]aca$ Y `] cYdY ÐaÐg f cgm$ Y c] fg`g ÐaÐg eYa f]a Ðg] a dmfY g cgm cYdY& @] Ðgd] dgY d cgm f]a$ `] hada oYd] Ycm f & MY cY]fY YÐ] f]a `gÐa d cgm f]a mY hYm dgY a d cgm f cYdY& =aY f c `gÐa c aY cYdY a cg]&Ë A aY o a Ð d]dg YÐ] Ya c]cY`a Ð]d]eYcmd]$ Ê Ð9cY`a oYd] f `Yd] `] Ð]daeY cYdY g dgcg&Ë A cY h c ÐYfY g c] c]aca a c] cYdY a dYdg$ Y cY]fY YÐ] Ya$ mY Ð YÐ]dY cY`a cYeYÐ afY a ` d oYa emY Ya e] c] c]aca$ Ê Ðx` ` GdY f c] c]aca$ mY dgYÐY cg aY YdY cYdY&Ë EY cY`a eYacYÐa g dgcg g cY `Yd] cY`a a fg`g Ya Ðg CYdYfaYdaÐadgY Y e] cY hgÐ] eY cgfY ÐYgÐYg$ Y Ðg cY`a a `YfY Ðgd] ÐaY Y eYacYÐa$ eY dYadY c] c]aca ] fg`g f]a a dmfY g c] cYdY fY$ Y fg cY Ðac] ÐYfY g @Yd]h fa`g a cY fg`g g c] c]aca eY cY`a ÐafgÐafg$ mY Ð d]dg h `]f]`]f] eYadY Ðg aY h]f]a$ Ê= d cgm f]a $ Ydg`Y YcmdY c `gÐa Ym a c] c]aca a cY fg`g eY cY`a ÐafgÐafg& @ YÐ] cYmoY`a eYmÐm ` daÐadaÐa g c cgm fg cg c] c]aca oY`a&Ë 9 dg`] c] c]aca a c aY Ð d]dg$ Y dYadY$ Ð YcmdY Ðg aY$ ÊMY `]d] eYa f c] c]aca `gÐgh h g HmfY e] cY dYcg$ ]aY f cgÐm eYmÐm ` daÐadaÐa d `] eYmÐm cmgdg`aY&Ë 9 dYadY$ fYfYg YcmdY Ðg aY a dgcg g cY ahm fY Y mfm`a eYadY a cY hmY eYmÐm cmgdg`aY$ Y d d a`gdY Ðg aY eY emY hgfgÐ gfY& 9 hYm$ Y dYadY$ hYf] eYadY Ðg aY$ ÊMY dgYÐY YÐ] f]a cgÐm eYmÐm ` daÐadaÐa Y ÐYm`]Y `gÐa cg Ðgmcgm7 = f]d] YfY hY`Y c fYcY e cmY a cY eYmÐm ` daÐadaÐa Ðgd]7Ë A aY o a hYf] YÐ] Ya Ðg C]daÐagcYhYÐY$ Ê= c] c]aca$ mY ]g d cgm f]a a Ðg]& Ð9Ðg`] g d cgm f]a eYmÐm ` daÐa& @] Ð d]dg oY`Y oYd] a`g f Y `] eYmÐm ÐaÐg cgm&Ë =g `gm c] CYmYÐa a c] c]aca& 9 Y`m cY eYmÐm g c] c]aca a dYdg$ h `]f]`]f] `gm eYadY f Ðg @Yd]h fa`g h]f]a$ -(
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A eYaÐY$ a `]d] ÐaY$
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A dmfY a c] Yg d]d] d $ g dmfY YÐ]&Ë
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.,
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.-
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..
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01
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1+
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Ð `md] ÐYÐYfg Ð9Ðg`] dYmg`g g dmfY g c] hgÐg& Ð cYcYdY ÐYÐYfg CY `gh]fY g cY Ðada c] haÐa cY eYf]f] Y a Ðgd] `mÐa`mÐa dgY c] cafg$ Ðg aY `gÐa hmÐmhmÐm eYadY& Ð}cYcYdY cgÐm Ðada c] dg`] oYm a c f ÐYfg egÐgd]dg `gÐgeYcYÐm& ÐGcaY cacafg @] eYcYfa fg @ dYoY$ EgdgcYÐa& ÐgcaY ÐaY] ÐGca ÐaY& Ð cmÐm `]`]d] CY fg`g oYd] a`g e] cY h]dm g f cmda e] cY h Ðgd] fYÐ] g cY hYhY`]d] a cY Ð d]em& EY cY eY`ac eY emY$ `] e]Y eYm cY Ðac] ÐYfY a f Ð]d]e cmd] Hadahafg ] Ð cmÐm oYd] YfY eY cY ÐYgÐYg g c] YdYfma ] cYda YfY a c] cYÐY& Ð d]fY cacafg )& @] e]YcYfm a ÐYfg dac] e] cY ÐYoYhm`a cY f f ÐYfY eYa dgcg eYa g cgfY `mY YÐY ] dgYÐY Ya c]cY`a oYa`gÐgdmÐm d]fYd]fY Y d ÐYm dYhYÐYm c]cY`a& *& @] hYÐ hYÐ a `gÐgdmÐm ÐaY a cY Ð d]fY& Ð d]dg oY`Y `YeYfa Ð}d]dg e] cY ÐgaYÐaÐg Ðgd]3 `] oY`Y& Ð9Ðgd] Ðg aY ] cgeg ÐaÐg YfY a cY h ÐYda cgY& @] Ð d]dg oY`Y oYd] f & Ðgdg` `YeYfa CY h ÐYfa Ðmdm eYacY ÐYfY& Ð f aÐgY `]fmY CY`a gm& s@gÐg`YfY oYd] ÐaY f c aY `mYÐ d]dg eY dgcg g cY Ð d]dg fgÐ]Ym Ðg Ê9 `mY Y hYf]$ Y hYf] eYa& @] hYf] cg Ðgf]Ða3 `] `gÐgdg`] cg Ð f &Ë = f f a aY Ð d]dg fgÐ]Ym&u Ðgf]Ða aÐgY `]fmY Ð9f]Ða& s@gÐg`YfY ÐaY eY `gh] g f ÐYea Ðg ÊcgË$ ÊfgË$ ÊgË e] Ê Ðg&Ëu Ð9Ðg`] dYm `YdY g Ðgf]Ða& Ð h]dm cacafg @] aÐY a ÐYfg dac] e] c] Ycmd] a dYoYaÐY fma ÐaY Y a cYmdYÐa ÐaY a aÐY eYdgÐg& Ð h]ÐY cacafg DY`g& Ðgha `YeYfa CY `gÐa`gÐa ÐYfY a cY d d cafg a cgfY oY`a eYÐYeYm& @gÐge `YdY YÐ]dY cY eYfm a cgfY eYm Ð `]m Y Ðgha `gm a`gdY& ÐghaÐgha `YeYfa H]dmh]dm a cY dgd] Y eYacYÐa& @gÐgcgeg ÐaY cY dgd] a ÐghaÐgha ÐaY Y eYacYÐa a dgcg f g f Ðme] g cY hY`mÐme]& Ð h ÐYÐYfg C c 3 ` hYa g cY eYcmY`af] a cY h h & MY Ð h c d oY`af]& Ð oada `YeYfa Oada a c]cY`a e]Y cg`m dac] e] cY h]hY$ dgd] Y d Ð hY`Y Y hmfa c]cY`a e]Y Ð YÐ]& FY oYa ] Ð oada a f dYmdYm Y c cgm7 Ð}oada ÐaY YÐ]dY cY eYcYfY a dgcg g cY h]hY ÐmdYÐmdY e] cY e]d]e]d]& Ð Ðada cacafg CY`a ] oYa`g YfY c] gdY$ Ðg aY `gÐa cY eYmda$ cY `Ymda$ c] ]Y3 cY`a `gÐa ] oYa`g YfY f `YÐYoafY g cY fYÐYm$ Ðg aY `gÐa cY fYÐYm$ cY hmÐmoYa& Ð9Ðgd] `gÐg`YfY fma ÐaY$ cg] oYd] f eY cY ÐacageY Ðg Êd]d] cY Ð ÐadaË&! s= f f a cY ÐacageY Ðg ÊD]d] cY Ð Ðada # g # C=C9@A E=9&Ëu )-+
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9aY f HACG! a'a C=C9@A E=9& ÐAcageY = `gÐg`gdg ÐaY cY e]Y ] `YfY Ya ] dac] e] cY e]Y c hgfg a'a C=C9@A E=9& ÐG cg c cgm `gdg ÐYfY Y e] cY `gdg Ðgd] ÐYfY$ YaY f a Ðg]& A cY o `]Y ] `mY fma Ya cY Ð `]dg7 9aY f a cY fma g cY mY Y e] cY e]`YfY g cY d & 9`m cY # E=E=Ð9 # g # C=C9@A E=9 ÐAcageY @ Ðac] c aY ÐacageY a cY fma dgY g c]cY`a e]Y& 9`m cY Ð hYdY eY dgcg g cY h 9`m cY `gcY g c d ÐYgÐYg = Y`g # C=C9@A E=9 # ] # E=E=Ð9 ÐAcageY ÐGa Ycm cY eYacYÐa c] # E=E=Ð9& = Y`g c cgm ] `gÐa3 mY `gÐgeYcY cY d ] f hgÐg& = Y`g d mY ] `gÐghYÐY `YÐYoafY3 `] cmakY fma cg cY d ÐYh h & = d cgm f]a HadafYÐ d]dg Ð9m`]Y Ðgmcgm& = d cgm f]a$ a `]Y Ycm f]a cg Ðgmcgm eYm e cmY7 s] d mY f]a 5 ÐYm`]Y ÐgdmY$ ] aY f]a 5 ÐYm`]Y Ðg]&u = d cgm d '] d cgm YdY HadafYÐ d]dg Ð9m`]Y Ðgmcgm& = d cgm d $ ] f f YÐ] Ðgmcgm eY cY hmcYYfaYfa& C] mY f]a& s] d mY d '] d mY YdY 5 ÐYm`]Y ÐgdmY$ ] aY d '] aY YdY 5 ÐYm`]Y Ðg]&u = dYÐY cY # E=E=Ð9 HadafYÐ d]dg @gÐg`YfY ÐaY c aY Ð d]dg fg cY `gÐge Yc cY ÐYfY `] Y`Y hgfgÐ c]cY`a eYm e]Y a dgcg g c]cY`a e `]d] dYmd & Fma f aÐY a dgcg g c fY hY`moYa]Y ] dYÐY cY ` f d]Y$ cY eYfafa Y e] c] cgd]& = dYÐY e] # C=C9@A E=9 HadafYÐ d]dg ÐG # C=C9@A E=9 # h c]cY`a& ÐG`a YÐ]dY Ðg aY a cgfY dgd] ] dYÐY e] cgfY eYm c eYÐY Y `gÐgcgeg YcmdY a dgcg g c fY Ð]c]& @] cYfYcY Ðgfg fma Ðg aY a cY eYfYc ] dYÐY e] cY dYac & = # E=E=Ð9 # C=C9@A E=9 # Y fma$ &&& ÐAcageY H]`]Y cY fma g cY E=E=Ð9 ÐYfY g C=C9@A E=9$&&& = `]d] eYa f d cgm Y fma$ ÐYÐgd] f oYm ] eYcYÐm YfY& =aY YÐ]'=aY eYa HadafYÐ d]dg =aY YÐ] 5 c] `]d] eYa f]a& =aY eYa 5 c] `]d] Ycm f]a& =aY YÐ] cY egcm]d]$ mY cgcgc] ] cmÐm eYa a dYdg& =aY YÐ] c]cY`a cYÐY$ c] `gdg eYadY& =aY eYa e cgm c] hmcY Ycm f]a a oY`g g cY `Yd] ] Ðac] a Ðgmcgm& =aY eYa cYÐm cafah h a Ðg] ] cY `gYh ÐYfa h hYÐahYÐa& =aÐY eYaÐY =aÐY eYaÐY `gÐ `g @] `gÐ `g a Ð d]dg ÐaY a cY o ] d]d] Ya a cY `YcYc Y `am Ycm a c m Ð]`Y a c]cY`a ÐYgÐYg& C `]Y YcmdY c] c]aca h]f]a$ Ê=aÐY eYaÐYË$ Y cmÐa YcmdY a cgfY `gYhYag& A'EY aY # E=E=Ð9 # Ycm HadafYÐ d]dg CY # E=E=Ð9 # ] cgcgc] YfY eY cY ÐYgÐYg3 cY # E=E=Ð9 # eY `gh] hgfg& @] hahaha ] cYm YfY eY cY h `Ycm emY Y eY aY h `Ycm Ycm$ `] eYm ` Ðmc]Ðmc]& MY ` Ð]Y eYa cY eYcmYc f] eY cY HgÐYcgdm$ d Ð]daeY g AmdYa$ Y eY aY HgÐYcgdm Ycm$ mY `aca eYa cY eYcmY`af] Y e] f c]aca&
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A g # C=C9@A E=9 # d Ð}d]dg haf]haf] ÐaY Ðg ÊYdYË eY cY`a g Êd Ë&! HadafYÐ d]dg A cY`a g # C=C9@A E=9& @gÐa YcmdY Ðg aY a g c] YdaÐa d & = haÐa Ycm YfY Ym a gfY YdY ] fg`g Ya& MY `gdg YcmdY a g CYe]`Ye]`Y d & A g # C=C9@A E=9 # f]a HadafYÐ d]dg A cY`a f]a g # C=C9@A E=9& @]d] eYa f]a Ðg aY a g e cgm f]a& F]Ð]f]Ð] eYa a gÐm f]a& A `]Y &&& dY`Y Ðgd]! HadafYÐ d]dg Fg c] Y`Y ÐYÐgd]&&& Fma cYÐm eYm mcYfY cYmeY`Y ] ` hYa Ya$ a `]Y Ðg] c cmY eYa = h hYÐY YfY cY d oYdm eY dmfY g c] Y`a3 a `]Y cgm o]`] ÐYfY Ycm fg c cgm A `]oY f a # C=C9@A E=9& ÐAcageY Fg # C=C9@A E=9 # cY `]oY& A `]oY f a cY eYcmY& A `]oY f a cY `gÐgdg`] Ðgd] Ycm a cY eYcmY& A c] Y`Y HadafYÐ d]dg Fg c] Y`Y& @]d] Ycm f]a Ðg] a cY dYoYaÐY Ð Ð a c] Y`Y `gÐa7 A dYoY f Y # E=E=Ð9 # C=C9@A E=9 ÐAcageY A'A # C=C9@A E=9 # f Y # E=E=Ð9& A dYoY f Y cYfa c] c]d]hgfY$ Ðg cYÐm hYf] cgc] YcmdY f aY& A dYoY f Y ÐYca cY aÐY a cY eYmfm$ Ðg cY `mca cgc] YcmdY f aY g c] c]aca a c fY e cga& A dg`] Ðg]'ÐgdmY'Ðgmcgm& Ð}d]dg `gÐgc ÐYm Ð}d]dg ÐaY c aY eY `gh] g cY `YÐa ÐYfY a c]cY`a eYfYÐg a e]Y c d]d] a aY eYfYÐg& @] Ð d]dg aY ] ` Ðac] YfY a c] ÐYfg `m` Y e] cY acYacY& Ð9Ðgd] YfY Ðgmcgm ] dYfYcadY3 ÐYÐgd] f `gÐa ] dgYÐY aca YfY cY`a ÐYa `gÐgcY`a$ a dg`] Ðg]$ fg cY e]Y `gÐa$ ÐYÐg`] e]Y hYÐa eYa a c] hgÐg g cg e cgm cae] d & MY `]oY dgY ÐgdmY Y ] Ðac] YfY ÐgdmY a cY `gÐghYÐa Y c] c f oYa$ a dg`] ÐgdmY& A dmfY c] Ydg g # C=C9@A C9F9C9& ÐAcageY = h h YfY aY cYfYcY& A cgfY o a dmfY c] Ydg$ mY `aca f a aY c] Ðac] a aY e]Y& A # E=E=Ð9 HadafYÐ d]dg Af # E=E=Ð9& A dg`] YmYf]Ða Ðg] mY dadg Ðg aY a YdaÐaÐYaegcm$ ] `gÐa eYa Ðg] a ÐYf]Ða& A # E=E=Ð9 # cY `YfY g # C=C9@A E=9&&& ÐAcageY A cY eYfYoY Y # C=C9@A E=9 # a E=E=Ð9 Ya&&& A o]`] cY `YfY g C]gdY a cY hmcY$ ] c eYa YfY cgfY eYm `gYYdg`Y Y ] Ydg`Y d ` fYm eYa YfY a aY& AÐG9 @=FM9 # dadg HadafYÐ d]dg AÐG9 @=FM9 # dgY& 9aY d mY a mcY dadg g c] cmY`aoa& MY d]d] YÐ]dY cY h dmfY a dmfY dadg g cY dYfa& G # E=E=Ð9 HadafYÐ d]dg @] cYadY caÐ]caÐ] g c] cYmg`Y a ` Ðac] eYÐYeYm ÐaY e] c] YfYdmdY ] # E=E=Ð9& G `]d] c cgm$ mY dYoY Ym a cY fg`g eY c aY oY`a& G # E=E=Ð9 # YmYf]Ða HadafYÐ d]dg G dgYÐY cY `gh]fY a ` Ðac] ÐaY e] cY e]e]ÐY& HYÐY hgfg ÐaY a`g g `]eg YmYf]Ða eYa dgcg Ycm g c] Ð]c]& M`a cY d]hg ÐAcageY HYm c] gdY& Ð9Ðgd] Ym eYc]eYc] ] cYda Y m`a cY d]hg Y dYadY fgÐgfgÐg Ðg] ] dYo] aYÐm a cY e cYÐacYÐa a c]cY`a egcmhmfa Ð & )-0
@] Y`Y cY `]oY af # C=C9@A E=9 # ] # E=E=Ð9& ÐAcageY Ð9Ðg`] `]oY c] # E=E=Ð9 # C=C9@A E=9& 9aY f hY`Y Ðg aY a cY `Yd]& @] Y`Y cY `]oY af Ðg] ] c]d]hgfY Ycm a aY& E daY hY`Y c] fgÐgfgÐg f]a f a Ðg] c]cY`a& @] Y`Y d `gÐa$ &&& ÐAcageY @] Ð d]dg c aY a `gÐghmcY ÐaY eY `gh] g cY `gdg ÐYfY g cY eYfYÐg ] `YfY a c]cY`a e]Y a ÐYfg c fYdmY Ya cY eYfYÐg ] `YfY eY emY& 9 2 = `]d] c mY a c] caÐaÐgfaÐgfa& = 2 Fma cYÐm `YfY& 9 2 = `]d] f & @aca a Ðg] c] `YfY a cY d ÐYh h & = 2 @] Y`Y d `gÐa$ d Ða`a dgY ÐYÐgd] Ym a `]d] a c] caÐaÐgfaÐgfa& = `]d] f c mY @] Y`Y eYa f]a `gÐa c m7 Ð}d]dg `gÐgc ÐYm @] Y`Y c] cmem g cgm `aca ÐYfY eYa f]a7 @] YdY aca cg c `mfY& Ð}d]dg FgÐ]Ym = o]`]o]`] YfY c]aY Ð d]dg fgÐ]Ym af eYc]eYc] Ðg] ] dadg a dg]Y eY c]cY`a `YfY$ hgfg Ðg] ] e dYeY a f dmdY Y ÐYÐgd] dYdYm eY c]cY`a e]Y Ð YÐ]& @] aca mfm$ hYÐY cY h `Ycm fma$ ÐYÐgd] ] cYÐY& Ð}d]dg FgÐ]Ym @] cY]fY c aY fY cY e]Y daÐadaÐa a cY dgYÐY a aY cY acYacY ] dYfYcadY Ya eY dmfY g cY e]Y fma& sF f a cY Ð d]dg fgÐ]Ym Ê`] aca hmY eYmÐm$ ca`] cY hmcYa`m&Ëu @] aca hmY eYmÐm$ ca`] cY hmcYa`m& Ð}d]dg FgÐ]Ym A dgcg g cY daÐadaÐa `] dYfYcadY eY dmfY g cY e]Y fma& sF f a cY Ð d]dg fgÐ]Ym Ê`] aca mfm$ hYÐY cY h `Ycm fma ÐYÐgd] ] cYÐY&Ëu @] # E=E=Ð9 # YmYf]Ða cYm HadafYÐ d]dg @YÐa ÐaY c aY eY `gh] g cY `gÐghmcY ÐaY g c]cY`a e]Y fg cY ` Ðac] ÐYfY a cY h ÐaoY a cY `YÐa ÐaY g aY e]Y ÐgaYÐaÐg Ðgd]& 9 2 DYca Ðg] a cgm fg`g ÐYfY eY cY `Yd]h]ÐY eY cY`YcYa& = 2 @] dYca YmYf]Ða cYm ÐG cY fg`g oYd] ÐYfY f c aY a `aca eY emda g c] cahYcm ÐaY eYa dgcg eYa g cY `ge]& @] # E=E=Ð9 # Y`Y HadafYÐ d]dg @] Y`Y c] ÐYfg g cY # E=E=Ð9& 9 2 @] hY`a Y`Y c m a c ÐYa Ya ] c] c]aca7 = 2 @] hY`a `gÐgeYÐ]eYÐ] aÐY& @] # E=E=Ð9 # Ycm c aY$ `] # E=E=Ð9 # cYmdYfY'`YmÐgda'e ÐgfY ÐAcageY @] Y`Y aY e]Y c] # E=E=Ð9$ ] Y`g fYÐ] aY$ `] E=E=Ð9 # cYmdYfY'`YmÐgda'e ÐgfY& 9 2 EYa hafYfY Ðg] a aY cmem eYfYc eY `gh] Ð]`Y& = 2 @] Ð]`Y Ycm c aY$ `] Ð]`Y e ÐgfY a cY eYfYc 9 2 Ð9Ðgd] Ym eYc]eYc] ] cgeg c mY a dgcg g c aY YfY h Ð]d]Ð]d]& EYcYÐm `gÐa& = 2 @] eYcYÐm Ycm c aY$ `] eYcYÐm `YmÐgda& = cgeg Ycm `gÐa ` c mY @] # E=E=Ð9 # cYa'cYa # @=FM9& HadafYÐ d]dg @] # E=E=Ð9 # cY e]Y a'a # @=FM9& @] `Yd] `gm cYa dYadY& @] eYm c fYcY `] fma cYa c] YdYfma eY aY `gdY& @] oYÐY `gm cYa d mY& @] fYfa aY ÐAcageY ÐGaYa& @] fYfa aY$ mY Ðac] Ðg] a cY `g] oYÐY$ ] cgeg `gÐa hY`Y Ðg] a c]cY`a `ma `g] oYÐY&
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@] Ðgd] # cY # E=E=Ð9 ÐAcageY EYc]`]oY c] # E=E=Ð9& @] Ðgd] cY dYoYaÐY ÐYfY eY ÐYf]Ða& Ð9Ðg`] f `ga aÐY @]d] Y # E=E=Ð9 # C=C9@A E=9$ &&& ÐAcageY 9 a cY o a `aca Ycm Ya a cY # E=E=Ð9 # ÐYfY g # C=C9@A E=9&&& MY `gÐgcgeg ÐaY cY h]d]` a dgcg g cY ÐgeY a c] cYcY`aYcY$ Y hYm$ `gÐgeYcY e cgm ] `gÐgeYÐ]eYÐ] a cY `Yd]& @]d] Y eYÐ]eYÐ] cY `Yd] a e cgm$ mY egÐY cY h]d]` & Ê@a`aY f eYcYm Y cY dYoYaÐY&Ë Ð}d]dg FgÐ]Ym @]d] Y hada$ eY cY fma g cY eYfYoY eY c] ÐYfg `] eYm ahg& @adg HYda C aÐgY hYcm CY ÐYgÐYg g cY Ð hYfY Ðg @adg eY Ð Ycm g cY emdaoYa Ðg OYadmcm Y `aca Ycm a cY hYd]fY Ð afY e] @ e cmY eY Ð}Ð cYdY& @gÐgcY`a e]Y Ydg`Y Ðg # C=C9@A E=9& ÐAcageY 9dg`Y Ðafg c `gÐa # C=C9@A E=9& @gdg ÐaY c]cY`a Ð dag ] c] cYdYcY eY c] YdYfma Ðg HYcYdYfY& @gÐgcY`a e]Y Ydg`Y Ðg c] c]aca f fY aY Ð dag @gÐgc a cY`a g cY hYd]fY ÐAcageY @gÐgc ha`Y hgfg& = `gÐgc YfY Ym a f Ð d]dg g c aY ÐY]dac] a cY`a g cgfY hYd]fY& @gÐgcg`mcg`m CYmYÐmdY Ð}d]dg FgÐ]Ym @] Ð d]dg fgÐ]Ym oYd] YÐ] f c aY fg cY `gÐgcg`mcg`m& @gÐgdYfY a cY eYfYÐg ÐAcageY @YfY Y c eYa cY eYfYÐg Y eYfYÐgdYfY hY`Y& @gÐgdYfY oYd] ÐaY eYa f]a cY eYfYÐg ] f f `gm eYacYÐa ] dY`Y f]a& @mda cY eYfYÐg g # C=C9@A E=9 # eY `gh] gfY& ÐAcageY C cgÐg # C=C9@A E=9 # eY `gh] gfY& C] `mda f]a cY eYfYÐg g cY d]`md]`m eY `gh] g cY eg`g caYÐ afY C]egcYdYcY a c aY o & C @gÐ `g @] `gÐ `g ` Ðac] h ÐaoY e] c] c ` ` a cY dg`] a c]cY`a e]Y cmhYfY`Y& CYm Ycm cY eYfYÐg g # C=C9@A E=9 # a # C=C9@A E=9 Ðà 9Ð=& Ð}d]dghaf]haf] h ÐaY Ðg ÊcYm fma cY eYfYÐgË$ e] ÊcYm cY eYfYÐg eY dmfYË&! ÐAcageY CY fgÐgfgÐg fma cg`m e]Y `] e]Y fma dgY cY dgYÐY g aY e]Y& C] cYm f]a cgÐm eYfYÐg a cY ` Ð]Y eYa g c] CYdacaeYcY& CYm a'a # C=C9@A E=9 # cY ` daÐYdaÐY ÐAcageY @aca eYa cY ` daÐYdaÐY& CYm eYadY a c aY c]aca cY ` daÐYdaÐY fg cY `aca ÐYfY eYa g c]cY`a d]cY a aY d $ `] d]cY eYa cgfY eYm c hmfY eYa& CYm c] c]`Y a cY mdmfY! ÐAcageY @gÐa ] `aYeg]& CYmdmY aÐgY hYcm C]cY`a g f eY`afY g cY eYcY`aca @YoYaÐa cmÐmfY& CYmdmd ÐYm aÐgY eYÐmda C] YdaÐa cYmdYfY g D fYÐa a fYÐa eY dmfY g f Ðm`Yf] dYhm g aY egcmhmfa& ).(
CY`a d YÐ] ÐAcageY C]cY`a d YÐ]& MY mcm ÐaY Ðg aY eY cY HgÐYdaeY$ Y mY c ÐYa Ðg aY a c fY hY`moYa]Y aÐY a cY`a d YÐ]& C cm`a`]oY aÐgY eYÐmda C] YdaÐa cYmdYfY g GÐY`m a Ðac] ÐaY Ya cgfY afgY c] `gÐghmcY ÐaY mY dac] aY e] cY `gÐghmcY ÐaY ÐYfY Ycm g cY afgY g GÐY`m& C]m cY # E=E=Ð9 # g # C=C9@A E=9 ÐAcageY E=E=Ð9 # dgY& @] c]m cY o]dY g c aY d C]m # C=C9@A E=9 # Y cY # E=E=Ð9& @aca c] hYfa ÐaY Ðg ÊYË e] ÊgË&! ÐAcageY E=E=Ð9 # dgY # C=C9@A E=9& @] c]m Ðg] Y c] Ydg`Y Ðgd] @] c]m c aY Y cY d o]dY CgfY CYa Ð}hmY A CY DYÐa aÐgY hYcm @] afgY fg CgfY$ @YoYaÐa& C cY e cYaY Y # C=C9@A E=9& ÐAcageY @YfY ÐaY cY mcm h fYÐa Y c]cY`a e]Y eY dmfY g c]cY`a e]Y& 9 h d a c Ya cY e cYaY Y d mY eY dmfY g f Ð]f]ea a `YfYÐafg eYa a d mY& C cY Ð d]dg Y # C=C9@A E=9& ÐAcageY @gÐghmcY ÐaY cY Ð d]dg Y # C=C9@A E=9& MY c cY Ð d]dg Y CYd]a a cgm eYc]eYc] ] `]d] a c] YdmYdm hmYÐY& CmemcY`a aÐgY hYcm CY dY] ] hmcY eYa Ya cY d eY cY `acafY dgY g @YoYaÐa$ Ðg aY `gÐa eY HmfY3 cY`a `gÐa g @YÐ]`YÐ] cY h `Ycm ] YfY ÐaY Ya cY eYcY`aca3 Ð d]dg haf]haf] ÐaY fg cY e]Y Ðg aY cY `gÐgeYcY ÐYfY g cg @YoYaÐa hY]Ð afY& CmÐa cY dgfg ÐAcageY DY`Y Ycm f]a cY f `gm& CmÐa YcmdY cY dgfg fg f e]Y `gm a dgYÐY eY cY h cY& D ÐgcgÐY ÐAcageY A c] Yg$ ÐYÐgd] a cY h & EY cY d ÐgcgÐY ] `gdg Ya eY dmfY g c] cYa& D]d] cY Ð Ðada g # C=C9@A E=9& ÐAcageY H `ga`ga$ h ÐaoY$ c ` ` & A cY Ðac] ÐYfY g d mY a c] c]hYd $ d]d] YÐ]dY cY Ð Ðada g d mY& D]d]d] cY Ð Ðada g # C=C9@A E=9& ÐAcageY Dac] f e] Êd]d] cY Ð ÐadaË& EYa # E=E=Ð9 # C=C9@A E=9& HadafYÐ d]dg MY cgcgc] # C=C9@A E=9 # ] # E=E=Ð9& EYa `gÐgcmÐa cgÐm hgÐg a c aY d d `YÐY`YÐY& EY dYdg ÐacageY CY ÐYgÐYg h Ðgd] g cY eYcYfa eY c] cYa Y eY cY Ð afY h c]cY`a3 cY ÐYgÐYg Ð cgÐY g fYÐ]& A`g eYa f]a cY oYÐY eY dYdg& sF f a cY ÐacageY Ðg ÊeY dmfYË Y e] cY `mYÐ d]dg Ðg ÊfYÐ]Ë&u EY dmfY ÐacageY CY ÐYgÐYg h g cY eYcYfa eY c] cYa3 dac] e] ÊeY fYÐ]Ë eY cY Ð afY& HaÐa YÐ]dY cY oYÐY eY dmfY& sF f a cY ÐacageY Ðg ÊeY dYdgË Y e] cY `mYÐ d]dg ÊfYÐ]Ë&u E daY g # E=E=Ð9 # C=C9@A E=9& ÐG Êe daYË cY `mYÐ d]dg eY CYmYÐa e] FaÐa`Ym3 ÐG Êe daÐYË cg CgfY$ @YoYaÐa3 Ð}d]dg h ÐaY Ðg Êe caÐYË Y e] ÊeYdYeYË ] c]cY`a
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