Butterflies of Bangladesh: Inventory First Phase

B utterflies of B angladesh

Butterflies of Bangladesh

Inventory - Firs t Phas e M irza S ham im A has an Habib M aruful A lam Chowdhury M d S hahtabul Is lam S yed Has nain M am un K azi Farhed Iqubal

S upported by

Butterflies of Bangladesh Inventory - First Phase

Butterflies of Bangladesh Inventory - First Phase

M irza S ham im A has an Habib M aruful A lam Chowdhury M d S hahtabul Is lam S yed Has nain M am un K azi Farhed Iqubal

S upported by

Publis hed in A pril 2012 by E COlife Initiatives M irza S ham im A has an Habib K azi Farhed Iqubal H 76, R 5, B F B anani, Dhaka-1207 B anglades h Copyright Š A uthors 2012 A ll right res erved. N o part of this book m ay be reproduced or trans m itted in any form without the perm is s ion in writing from the authors .

V alidated by

Dr. T angin A kter

IS B N 978-984-33-5079-4

Cover Photo

M onkey Puzzle Des ign

Dilip K um ar Chakraborty M irza S ham im A has an Habib Price

T k. 2000 U S D 50

Printed at

E nrich Printers 41/5 Purana Paltan, Dhaka-1000

Foreword It gives me an immense pleasure to be associated with this devoted young and talented environmental group and to offer my support in validation for butterfly species identification. They have captured butterflies in digital format through lens, and at the same time recorded adequate biological information of individual species in what they call their first phase of inventory.

Butterfly is an extremely good indicator of healthy climate which have been suffering for last couple of decades here in Bangladesh due to climate change effect. Its contribution as pollinator for both flora and crop should not be overlooked. And, nobody can deny the beauty it adds in the nature as an ornament.

The inventory in this phase has been reasonably arranged for conducting the research work in eight districts of Bangladesh followed by 8-10 years engagement which will help to fabricate a graphical documentation and certainly would be able to produce an informative checklist for Bangladesh.

As a whole, it would be a good source of butterfly attendance information in Bangladesh and also will work as a predominant resource for beginners to scholars.

I strongly believe that this publication will help to go forward on revamping awareness in the community as well as play a leading role and hinge for forthcoming conservation approach.

I personally appreciate this group of people for their invaluable effort.

HSBC Bangladesh also deserves my appreciation by supporting this initiative as a giant corporate body which has already shown a great mileage in the sustainable environmental field.

Tangin Akter B.Sc.(Hons), M.Sc. (Zoology) Ph.D., Post Doc (J apan) Faculty (Entomologist) Department of Zoology University of Dhaka

Message Sustainability is at the heart of everything we do at HSBC. It not only defines the way we do banking or operate our offices, but also guides us in our community investment endeavours. As a global leader in corporate sustainability, we recognise the fact that how we care for our environment today will impact our communities, our customers and our employees tomorrow; which will ultimately affect our business in the long-term. Therefore, as the leading international bank, we have an important role to play in mitigating and managing the adverse impacts of climate change while saving the biodiversity in our environment.

We, as a Group, have established a set of Climate Principles - aiming to provide strategic direction to international financial institutions across the full range of financial products and services including research, asset management, retail banking, corporate banking, insurance and re-insurance, investment banking and project finance. In addition to behaving responsibly and in an environment-friendly manner, HSBC seeks to harness opportunities by facilitating the growth of areas like energy efficiency, renewable energy, carbon management and adaptation.

At HSBC Bangladesh, we try to make a difference by living the 3R principles - reduce consumption, reuse resources, and recycle as much as we can. I am very pleased to share that employees from HSBC Bangladesh regularly, voluntarily take part in environmental preservation projects. I personally try to ensure that each staff member dedicate at least one day per year for this cause. Our employees volunteer in tree plantation programmes, cleanliness drives, and many other local and regional level climate projects. It gives me immense pride that our staff members are reaching out to bring a positive change in the society and the environment which in turn makes our environment prosperous, beautiful and sustainable in the long-run.

This effort of 4 of my colleagues at HSBC Bangladesh - is a tale of one such endeavour. For the last couple of years, these enthusiastic, nature-loving colleagues of mine have hiked through some of the remotest lands and roamed in the darkest forests in the country to present before us the glimpses of butterflies - a glimpse worth catching.

The enthusiasm, passion and commitment they shared have finally made its mark through this publication which depicts the diverse, colourful and vibrant world of the butterflies - the important pollinators of nature. We hope this book will be a helpful and inspiring reference material for all the passionate.

I hope the audience will like their exhibited work and cherish this publication which compiles the colourful diversity of butterflies in Bangladesh.

Andrew Tilke Chief Executive Officer HSBC, Bangladesh

Authors Mirza Shamim Ahasan Habib (Researcher & Team Leader) is working in the field of sustainable environmental management for more than 10 years. He is the winner of Asia Pacific Climate Champions Merit Award 2010 along with nomination for Asia Pacific 'World Locals Hero 2009' for his outstanding CR effort. He has also been awarded prestigious 'Climate Champion Award 2008' followed by participated scientific training session which was held in Borneo Rainforest in Malaysia under the supervision of Royal Society of Botanical Garden, UK. He has also cross boarder CR working experience across the Hong Kong and Mauritius. Habib was also worked as member of CR steering committee of HSBC Bangladesh in the year 2009 before he got nominated as the HSBC 'Environmental Ambassadors' of HSBC Bangladesh for year 2007-2008. In 2011, Group Sustainability has taken his environmental project in Bangladesh as a 'CASE STUDY'. His environmental contribution was also recognised by Group Sustainability in the commemorative publication of the Five Years of Climate Partnership where 45 projects were displayed and Habib task one of them. Habib has great passion in environmental inventory and photography and he conducted his solo photography exhibition on the topic of 'Endangered. Flora of Bangladesh' in 2010 held at Drik Gallery with the support of HSBC Bangladesh. He has more than 37 article publications. He is an active member of Centre for Environmental Studies (CES), Bangladesh Philatelic Association, Bangladesh Society of Environment, Climate' Group (Hong Kong). He is currently working in a financial organisation.

Maruful Alam Chowdhury (Researcher) is engaged in environmental photography and data collection more than 4 years (Plantopedia: plants pictorial lifecycle database of Bangladesh). He is actively engaged in various corporate sustainable works. He is currently working in a financial organisation. Chowdhury has research interests in environmental process reengineering and environmental documentary and photography.

Md. Shahtabul Islam (Researcher) is engaged in environmental photography and inventory for over 2 years (Plantopedia: plants pictorial lifecycle database of Bangladesh). He has also conducted research inventory regarding CR impact and contribution banks of Bangladesh with collaboration of the East West University and Bangladesh Enterprise in 2004. He also works with a charity club 'DOORS' that envisions to teach computer to school children. He actively participated in the devastating SIDR rehabilitation programme with HSBC. Islam is the Former President of East West University Cultural Club. He has research interests in the area of ecology and carbon footprint management and environmental photography. He is currently working in a financial organisation.

Syed Hasnain Mamun (Researcher) is a self-taught amateur photographer of more than 5 years interest in natural photography and an active member of Center for Environmental Studies (CES). He is currently working in a financial organisation. His research interest is in the area of green financing and environmental photography.

Kazi Farhed Iqubal (Research Coordinator - Inventory) is a distinguished faculty and emerging researcher in the field of natural resource management, environmental assessment and sustainable development. He has been engaged in these types of research inventory more than 10 years. He is currently working as an Assistant Professor and Head of the Department of Environmental Science, State University of Bangladesh (SUB). He is also an Adjunct Faculty in BRAC University and Bangladesh University of Professionals (BUP). Iqubal has also worked as Research Coordinator of the Centre for Environmental Studies (CES) of State University of Bangladesh. He has 32 publications which include 24 peer-reviewed national and international journals, 6 abstracts and 2 Research books published from reputed research organization.

He is a life member of Bangladesh Zoological Society, general member of the Bangladesh Society of Environmental Scientists and involved in many other research societies. Iqubal has academic and professional research work experiences in different national and international organisations including World Bank, ADB, FAO-UN, DFID, and IFC. Also he has been awarded twice ( 2007 and 2011) research grants in the young researcher group category from the Ministry of Science, Information and Communication Technology, Government of Bangladesh. Iqubal has great interest in environmental and natural resource photography and inventory.

Content Common Name

Family Name

Picture Taken By

Page Number

Plain Tiger

NYMPHALIDAE

Mirza S A Habib

1

Yellow Pansy

NYMPHALIDAE

Mirza S A Habib

2

Peacock Pansy

NYMPHALIDAE

Mirza S A Habib

3

Great Eggfly

NYMPHALIDAE

Mirza S A Habib

4

Grey Pansy

NYMPHALIDAE

Mirza S A Habib

5

Chocolate Pansy

NYMPHALIDAE

S. Hasnain Mamun

6

Common Palmfly

NYMPHALIDAE

Mirza S A Habib

7

Common Sailer

NYMPHALIDAE

Mirza S A Habib

8

Lemon Pansy

NYMPHALIDAE

M. Shahtabul Islam

9

Commander

NYMPHALIDAE

Maruful A Chowdhury

10

Common Castor

NYMPHALIDAE

S. Hasnain Mamun

11

Leopard Lacewing

NYMPHALIDAE

Maruful A Chowdhury

12

Common Duffer

NYMPHALIDAE

Mirza S A Habib

13

Dark Brand Bushbrown

NYMPHALIDAE

Maruful A Chowdhury

14

Common Baron

NYMPHALIDAE

M. Shahtabul Islam

15

Common Eveningbrown

NYMPHALIDAE

S. Hasnain Mamun

16

Common Crow

NYMPHALIDAE

M. Shahtabul Islam

17

Common Sergeant

NYMPHALIDAE

Mirza S A Habib

18

Common Fourring

NYMPHALIDAE

M. Shahtabul Islam

19

Common Bushbrown

NYMPHALIDAE

Mirza S A Habib

20

Common Leopard

NYMPHALIDAE

M. Shahtabul Islam

21

Great Evening Brown

NYMPHALIDAE

Mirza S A Habib

22

Lime

PAPILIONIDAE

Mirza S A Habib

23

Common Mormon

PAPILIONIDAE

Mirza S A Habib

24

Blue Mormon

PAPILIONIDAE

Kazi F Iqubal

Common Name

Family Name

Picture Taken By

Page Number

Indian Skipper

HESPERIIDAE

Mirza S A Habib

26

Common Small Flat

HESPERIIDAE

M. Shahtabul Islam

27

Coon

HESPERIIDAE

Mirza S A Habib

28

Tree Flitter

HESPERIIDAE

Mirza S A Habib

29

Grass Demon

HESPERIIDAE

Mirza S A Habib

30

Chestnut Bob

HESPERIIDAE

Maruful A Chowdhury

31

Common Grass Dart

HESPERIIDAE

M. Shahtabul Islam

32

Common Redeye

HESPERIIDAE

Mirza S A Habib

33

Checkered White

PIERIDAE

Mirza S A Habib

34

Common Grass Yellow

PIERIDAE

M. Shahtabul Islam

35

Common Emigrant

PIERIDAE

Maruful A Chowdhury

36

Common Gull

PIERIDAE

S. Hasnain Mamun

37

Common J ezebel

PIERIDAE

Kazi F Iqubal

38

Psyche

PIERIDAE

Maruful A Chowdhury

39

Striped Albatross

PIERIDAE

Mirza S A Habib

40

Florida White

PIERIDAE

Mirza S A Habib

41

Mottled Emigrant

PIERIDAE

Mirza S A Habib

42

Three Spot Grass Yellow

PIERIDAE

Mirza S A Habib

43

Common Pierrot

LYCAENIDAE

S. Hasnain Mamun

44

Gram Blue

LYCAENIDAE

Mirza S A Habib

45

Chocolate Royal

LYCAENIDAE

Mirza S A Habib

46

Angled Pierrot

LYCAENIDAE

M. Shahtabul Islam

47

Slate Flash

LYCAENIDAE

Mirza S A Habib

48

Dark Grass Blue

LYCAENIDAE

S. Hasnain Mamun

49

Monkey Puzzle

LYCAENIDAE

Mirza S A Habib

50

Common Name

Family Name

Picture Taken By

Page Number

Longbanded Silverline

LYCAENIDAE

Maruful A Chowdhury

51

Tiny Grass Blue

LYCAENIDAE

Kazi F Iqubal

52

Large Oak Blue

LYCAENIDAE

Mirza S A Habib

53

Zebra Blue

LYCAENIDAE

Mirza S A Habib

54

Forget-me-not

LYCAENIDAE

Mirza S A Habib

55

Lime Blue

LYCAENIDAE

Mirza S A Habib

56

Quaker

LYCAENIDAE

Mirza S A Habib

57

Indigo Flash

LYCAENIDAE

Mirza S A Habib

58

Yamfly

LYCAENIDAE

Mirza S A Habib

59

Forest Hopper

HESPERIIDAE

S. Hasnain Mamun

60

Common Spotted Flat

HESPERIIDAE

Mirza S A Habib

61

Preface Butterflies are important pollinators. They are also good indicators of the ecological quality of a habitat. Some butterflies are vital for economically important plants and also in general an important component of the food chain. In short, butterflies are benign, aesthetically pleasing, faunal members and not to mention, beautiful to watch as an ornament of Mother Nature.

As "cold blooded" insects, butterflies are particularly affected by changes in climate. Numbers are influenced every year by weather patterns, but increases in mean temperatures over a sustained period can lead to significant changes in range, population size, the rate of colonization or extinction, phrenology, number of generations each year, choice of larval food plant and other ecological and evolutionary factors. It is important to understand and monitor change, not just because of its intrinsic interest but because these changes may have considerable implications for conservation management.

A good number of scientific inventories on butterflies of Bangladesh have been prepared in the past one decade. The checklist ranges approximately 400-500 species. The worrying part is that the evidence of these species' existence and distribution are not comprehensive. In most of the cases these checklists prepared to meet the scientific communities' interest, but the engagement of common people or knowledge sharing with them have been overlooked. We have been working for an intensive period on butterfly recording with the help of digital media and information on distribution area covered in Bangladesh. We use common scientific methods of taxonomic key for identification of butterfly species. The inventory is segregated into some focused districts in each phase and ultimately the goal is to cover the whole country with a tentative tenure of 8-10 years.

This inventory encompasses the tenure of September 2009 - J anuary 2012. It includes the geographical area of Dhaka, Mymensingh, Tangail, Netorkona, Rangpur, Gaibandha, Bogra and Sylhet districts. The locations mainly covered during the documentation were urban and village road sides, botanical gardens, educational institutions, adjacent area of river, lakes, ponds, tea gardens, etc.

A total of 61 species recorded in this initial phase where 22 (NYMPHALIDAE), 3 (PAPILIONIDAE), 10 (PIERIDAE), 16 (LYCAENIDAE) & 10 (HESPERIIDAE) families were found. Out of all these species mostly 56 were commonly found in all these locations. Only 5 species (Appias Olferna, Appias Drusilla, Spindasis Lohita Senama, Loxura Atymnus Fuconius, Arhopala Amantes) were found uncommon. These species have been recorded in only one or two districts. In this manuscript, brief explanation of these species are provided, which includes family names, their superseded scientific names as well as the generally accepted common names. Furthermore, wingspans, colours, habits, larva host plants and geographically recorded locations have also been incorporated. Although utmost care has been taken to present the accurate measure of wingspan, colours, habit and larva host plants but they are prone to variations due to disparities in accordance to regions, site conditions and erratic seasonalities. Physical appearances of the species on the other hand, can vary a great deal depending on their age.

Roughly, 1,00,000 images were taken during this inventory tenure, where all these species' variety of taxonomical forms have been captured but due to space limitations of this book, solitary taxonomical outline have been presented for individual species. Although Global Positioning System (GPS) has been used while taking pictures, marks for these are not incorporated in this book. Moreover, images have been scaled and magnified where necessary.

Indeed, we have tried our best to make this publication helpful for both scholars and general readers.

We express our heart-felt gratitude to HSBC Bangladesh for giving us financial support for this initiative.

We are very much grateful to the whole marketing team of HSBC Bangladesh, especially thankful to Mr Talukdar Noman Anwar, Head of Marketing & Communications; Mr Iftekhar Hasan, Manager, Public Affairs; Mr Saifur Rahman, Assistant Manager, Marketing and Communications & Ummay Sumaiya M Rasul, Future Leader, Communication and Sustainability for their kind cooperation.

Our indebtedness to Dr Tangin Akter, Entomologist, Department of Zoology, University of Dhaka, knows no bound. Not only she wrote the Foreword for us, but also supported us by providing validation for species identification of this book.

We are deeply grateful to Sanjay Prakash, Former CEO of HSBC Bangladesh, for his encouragement and support towards our long expedition in this arena.

We also thank Climate Champions of HSBC, expressly Mr. Philip Tapsall, Manager, Corporate Sustainability, HSBC Australia, Mr William C F Chiu, Senior Corporate Sustainability Manager, HSBC Asia Pacific and Mr. Sairam Santharam, Former Chief Technology and Services Officer of HSBC Bangladesh for their valuable suggestions on the topic.

Our thanks are due to Mr. Aditya Narayan Singh Deo, Head of Human Resources, Mr. Saiful Islam, Chief Technology and Services Officer and Mr. Shah Wareef Hossain, Head of Service Delivery of the same organisation for their compassionate engagement.

We also take the opportunity to express our gratitude to Mr. Avra Bhattacharjee, Mr. Sikder Nizamul Hoque, freelance media event organiser and Mr. Dilip Kumar Chakraborty for their tremendous support to make this publication on board in due time. We are also obliged to the Department of Environmental Science, State University of Bangladesh for their remarkable assistance by proving information, resources and required book support in order to make this manuscript fruitful.

We also appreciate anonymous reviewers of the original book who made comments that encouraged us to revise and improve this manuscript.

Mirza Shamim Ahasan Habib (on behalf of the authors) 23 March, 2012

Plain Tiger

Photograph by Mirza S A Habib Write up by Kazi Farhed Iqubal Mirza S A Habib

Common Name : Plain Tiger Scientific Name : Danaus chrysippus (Linnaeus) Family Name : NYMPHALIDAE Wingspan : 70-80 mm Colour : Both the sexes have pale orange wing with black marginal borders. Black upper front wings have a sub apical white band of elongated spots. Hind wing has 3-4 black spots. Thorax is black with white spots.

Habit and Habitat : The specimen flies slowly and laboriously, it rests close to the ground level. It is one of the most familiar butterflies of our local homestead gardens.

Host Plants: Asclepias sp., Calotropis sp., Cynanchum sp., Secamone sp., Stathmostelma sp., Tylophora sp.

Location: Dhaka, Tangail, Rangpur, Gaibandha, Netrokona, Sylhet and Bogra.

1

Photograph by Mirza S A Habib Write up by Kazi Farhed Iqubal Mirza S A Habib

Yellow Pansy

Common Name : Yellow Pansy Scientific Name : Precis hierta (Evans) Family Name : NYMPHALIDAE Wingspan : 40-60 mm Colour : It is predominantly yellow specimen with black and yellow spots in forewings and large blue spots in hind wings.

Habit and Habitat : It is an active butterfly, which flies close to ground level in sunny places and prefer dry stony river side, uncultivated areas.

Host Plants : Hygrophila auriculata, Barleria sp.

Location : Dhaka, Tangail, Mymensingh, Rangpur, Gaibandha, Bogra, Netrokona and Sylhet.

2

Peacock Pansy

Photograph by Mirza S A Habib Write up by Kazi Farhed Iqubal Mirza S A Habib

Common Name : Peacock Pansy Scientific Name : Junonia almana (Linnaeus) Family Name : NYMPHALIDAE Wingspan : 60-65 mm Colour : It has tawny orange with prominent eyespots on both wings. Also carries very large unmistakable eyespot on its hind wings and two smaller eyespots on front wings. Three narrow black lines on upper surface of the wings can be seen on both wings.

Habit and Habitat : The specimen often seen around the freshwater marshes, sailing or swift flight close to ground level and around different flowers.

Host Plants : Hygrophila auriculata, Barleria sp., Acanthus sp., Gloxinia sp.

Location : Dhaka, Tangail, Mymensingh, Gaibandha, Bogra, Netrokona, Sylhet and Rangpur.

3

Photograph by Mirza S A Habib Write up by Kazi Farhed Iqubal Mirza S A Habib

Great Eggfly

Common Name : Great Eggfly Scientific Name : Hypolimnas bolina (Linnaeus) Family Name : NYMPHALIDAE Wingspan : 70-110 mm Colour : It is iridescent bluish white with egg shaped markings on the upper wings surface.

Habit and Habitat : Usually found in open areas, forest clearings and paths. The male is highly territorial and patrols to and fro, chasing away any butterfly that comes into its territory.

Host Plants : Portulaca oleracea, Abelmoschus sp., Barleria sp., Sida rhombifolia, Hibiscus sp.

Location : Dhaka, Tangail, Mymensingh, Rangpur, Gaibandha, Bogra, Sylhet and Netrokona.

4

Grey Pansy

Photograph by Mirza S A Habib Write up by Kazi Farhed Iqubal Mirza S A Habib

Common Name : Grey Pansy Scientific Name : Precis atlites (Linnaeus) Family Name : NYMPHALIDAE Wingspan : 55-65 mm Colour : It has creamy-grey with brown lines and a row of black spots near the wing margin.

Habit and Habitat : It prefers open areas around freshwater marshy areas, paddy fields. It flies close to ground level.

Host Plants : Hygrophila auriculata, Barleria sp., Justicia micrantha Location : Dhaka, Tangail, Rangpur, Gaibandha, Bogra, Netrokona, Sylhet and Mymensingh.

5

Photograph by S Hasnain Mamun Write up by Kazi Farhed Iqubal Mirza S A Habib

Chocolate Pansy

Common Name : Chocolate Pansy Scientific Name : Precis iphita (Cramer) Family Name : NYMPHALIDAE Wingspan : 55-80 mm Colour : Its upper surface of the wings is pale to dark brown with darker brown bands. The hind wings have small eyespots but it is absent in the front wings. The specimen lower surface of the wings is similar to leaf like.

Habit and Habitat : It visits various species of flowers, damp patches and basks on low bushes. It always flies close to the ground.

Host Plants : Justicia micrantha, Strobilocanthus callosus, Hygrophila auriculata Location : Dhaka, Tangail, Mymensingh, Rangpur, Gaibandha, Bogra, Netrokona and Sylhet.

6

Common Palmfly

Photograph by Mirza S A Habib Write up by Kazi Farhed Iqubal Mirza S A Habib

Common Name : Common Palmfly Scientific Name : Elymnias hypermenstra (Drury) Family Name : NYMPHALIDAE Wingspan : 65-80 mm Colour : It is blackish brown with purple gloss. Maroon lower surface of the wings is streaked with white spots. Hind wings are toothed.

Habit and Habitat : It is weak flier. Often sits with wings closed. It is found of over ripen fruit and animal urine.

Host Plants : Areca sp., Arenga sp., Calamus sp., Cocos nocifera, Phoenix sp., Bambusa sp.

Location : Dhaka, Tangail, Mymensingh, Rangpur, Gaibandha, Bogra, Sylhet and Netrokona.

7

Photograph by Mirza S A Habib Write up by Kazi Farhed Iqubal Mirza S A Habib

Common Sailer

Common Name : Common Sailer Scientific Name : Neptis hylas (Linnaeus) Family Name : NYMPHALIDAE Wingspan : 50-60 mm Colour : It has black and white markings on upper surface of the wings. It has three white parallel stripes running across both wings.

Habit and Habitat : Graceful sailing flier, with wings spread out flat and occasional flicking of wings. It is more common after shower.

Host Plants : Bombax ceiba, Canavalia gladiata, Helicteres isora, Vigna cylindrica, Xylia xylocarpa Location : Dhaka, Tangail, Rangpur, Gaibandha, Bogra, Netrokona, Sylhet and Mymensingh.

8

Lemon Pansy

Photograph by M Shahtabul Islam Write up by Kazi Farhed Iqubal Mirza S A Habib

Common Name : Lemon Pansy Scientific Name : Junonia lemonias (Linnaeus) Family Name : NYMPHALIDAE Wingspan : 45-60 mm Colour : The specimen has brown with eye-like markings with orange rings. It also carries black and lemon yellow spots on its upper surface of the wings.

The front wings have several lemon yellow spots.

Habit and Habitat : It flies low to ground level of flowering shrubs and herbs. As a bold butterfly, it can be seen with strong territorial and aggressive behaviour.

Host Plants : Hygrophila auriculata, Cannabis sativa, Corchorus capsularis Location : Dhaka, Tangail, Mymensingh, Rangpur, Gaibandha, Netrokona, Sylhet and Bogra.

9

Photograph by Maruful A Chowdhury Write up by Kazi Farhed Iqubal Mirza S A Habib

Commander

Common Name : Commander Scientific Name : Moduza procris (Cramer) Family Name : NYMPHALIDAE Wingspan : 60-75 mm Colour : It is reddish brown with white discal band on the both wings.

Habit and Habitat : It found in forest regions, open areas and damp patches. Most of the time, it sits with wings open to feed on the salts and moisture.

Host Plants : Cadaba fruticosa, Neolamarckia cadamba, Mussaenda frondosa, Hedyotis orixense Location : Sylhet, Rangpur and Dhaka.

10

Common Castor

Photograph by S Hasnain Mamun Write up by Kazi Farhed Iqubal Mirza S A Habib

Common Name : Common Castor Scientific Name : Ariadne merione (Cramer) Family Name : NYMPHALIDAE Wingspan : 52-62 mm Colour : The upper surface of the hind wings of male is unmarked dark brownish. Female has darker brown patches at discal areas of the lower surface of the wings.

Habit and Habitat : It likes to spend time in its host plant and to perch often. When disturbed, it circles the area and again return to same perch.

Host Plants : Tragia cannabina, Tragia involucrate, Ricinus communis Location : Dhaka, Tangail, Gaibandha, Rangpur and Bogra.

11

Photograph by Maruful A Chowdhury Write up by Kazi Farhed Iqubal Mirza S A Habib

Leopard Lacewing

Common Name : Leopard Lacewing Scientific Name : Cethosia cyane (Drury) Family Name : NYMPHALIDAE Wingspan : 85-95 mm Colour : Females feature wing patterns with a gray or white background, whereas the upper surfaces of the wings, males are bright orange. Both sexes are sprinkled with blackish-blue spots and lining veins.

Habit and Habitat : It is seen often basking to ground and visiting to damp patches and flowers. It is also known as sun loving butterfly.

Host Plants : Passiflora sp.

Location : Netrokona, Sylhet, Gaibandha and Dhaka.

12

Common Duffer

Photograph by Mirza S A Habib Write up by Kazi Farhed Iqubal Mirza S A Habib

Common Name : Common Duffer Scientific Name : Discophora sondaica (Boisduval) Family Name : NYMPHALIDAE Wingspan : 80-90 mm Colour : The Upper surface of the wings is dark brown. Front wing is pointed with three rows of bluish white spots on both surfaces. Lower surface of the wings has small white spots.

Habit and Habitat : It has quick flight with up and down movement. It camouflages over dead leaves to blend itself with similar colour.

Host Plants : Bambusa sp.

Location : Gaibandha, Dhaka, Tangail, Mymensingh, Rangpur, Bogra, Netrokona and Sylhet.

13

Photograph by Maruful A Chowdhury Write up by Kazi Farhed Iqubal Mirza S A Habib

Dark Brand Bushbrown

Common Name : Dark Brand Bushbrown Scientific Name : Mycalesis mineus (Linnaeus) Family Name : NYMPHALIDAE Wingspan : 45-50 mm Colour : The upper fore wings are brown where ocellus is situated in pale area by a dark line.

Habit and Habitat : Most of the time, the specimen has seen in the under growth with their wings folding backs. It is a weak flier and found in forest region, open grassy patches and scrub jungles.

Host Plants : Grass sp.

Location : Dhaka, Tangail, Mymensingh, Rangpur, Gaibandha, Bogra, Netrokona, Sylhet and Tangail.

14

Common Baron

Photograph by M Shahtabul Islam Write up by Kazi Farhed Iqubal Mirza S A Habib

Common Name : Common Baron Scientific Name : Euthalia aconthea (Cramer) Family Name : NYMPHALIDAE Wingspan : 55-80 mm Colour : Male butterfly is dark brown with a row of very small white spots on fore wings. Female butterfly has pale brown with white band on the fore wings.

Habit and Habitat : It's wings flatly and slanting position. It is habitual alcoholic, because it relishes rotten fruits, which are rich in alcohol, either than flowers.

Host Plants : Anacardium occidentale, Streblus asper, Mangifera indica Location : Dhaka, Tangail, Mymensingh, Rangpur, Gaibandha, Netrokona, Sylhet and Bogra.

15

Photograph by S Hasnain Mamun Write up by Kazi Farhed Iqubal Mirza S A Habib

Common Eveningbrown

Common Name : Common Eveningbrown Scientific Name : Melanitis leda (Linnaeus) Family Name : NYMPHALIDAE Wingspan : 60-80 mm Colour : The upper surface of the wings is dark brown with an eye spot and white pupil on the fore wings in the shade of orange patches.

Habit and Habitat : It always keeps close and motionless in shaded undergrowth. It large attracts by the fallen and rotten fruits.

Host Plants : Oryza sativa, Zea mays, Panicum sp., Sorghum sp.

Location : Tangail, Mymensingh, Rangpur, Gaibandha, Bogra, Netrokona, Sylhet and Dhaka.

16

Common Crow

Photograph by M Shahtabul Islam Write up by Kazi Farhed Iqubal Mirza S A Habib

Common Name : Common Crow Scientific Name : Euploea core (Cramer) Family Name : NYMPHALIDAE Wingspan : 85-95 mm Colour : A brown butterfly with a complete row of marginal and sub-marginal white spots.

Habit and Habitat : It is one of most common specimen, which can be seen in all types of terrain. It flies during early morning. It's extraordinary sailing during the flight is very smooth and effortless.

Host Plants : Ficus religiosa, Ficus benghalensis, Nerium odorum, Ficus racemosa, Hemidesmus indicus Location : Tangail, Gaibandha, Rangpur, Netrokona and Bogra.

17

Photograph by Mirza S A Habib Write up by Kazi Farhed Iqubal Mirza S A Habib

Common Sergeant

Common Name : Common Sergeant Scientific Name : Athyma perius (Linnaeus) Family Name : NYMPHALIDAE Wingspan : 60-70 mm Colour : It has similar marking like common sailor. But it is identical with its short cell streak followed by three white spots.

Habit and Habitat : It flies close to ground and settles on damp patches. It is seen in open areas, bushes and shrubs.

Host Plants : Glochidion relutinum, Glochidion lanceolarium Location : Dhaka and Netrokona.

18

Common Fourring

Photograph by M Shahtabul Islam Write up by Kazi Farhed Iqubal Mirza S A Habib

Common Name : Common Fourring Scientific Name : Ypthima hiiebneri (Fruhstorfer) Family Name : NYMPHALIDAE Wingspan : 30-40 mm Colour : It carries grayish brown with three tornal ocelli and one apical ocellus.

Habit and Habitat : It spends most of the time on the flowers with modest fly. Always keeps close to ground and does not go far with halting few times.

Host Plants : Grass sp.

Location : Dhaka, Rangpur, Mymensingh, Netrokona and Tangail.

19

Photograph by Mirza S A Habib Write up by Kazi Farhed Iqubal Mirza S A Habib

Common Bushbrown

Common Name : Common Bushbrown Scientific Name : Mycalesis perseus (Fabricius) Family Name : NYMPHALIDAE Wingspan : 35-38 mm Colour : It is dull-brown, with or without eye-spots having with white band.

Habit and Habitat : It has jerky low flight among grasses and under growth. It is usually active during the morning and the evening.

The specimen can be frequently seen throughout the year at the open areas.

Host Plants : Grass sp.

Location : Gaibandha and Tangail.

20

Common Leopard

Photograph by M Shahtabul Islam Write up by Kazi Farhed Iqubal Mirza S A Habib

Common Name : Common Leopard Scientific Name : Phalanta phalantha (Drury) Family Name : NYMPHALIDAE Wingspan : 50-60 mm Colour : The specimen carries yellow with black band across the whole wings.

Habit and Habitat : It is an extremely active butterfly, usually seen flitting from flower to flower with half-open wings. Flight is quick with jerky movements.

It has a very strong territorial behaviour.

Host Plants : Flacourtia indica, Flacourtia montana, Smilax sp., Salix sp.

Location : Netrokona, Tangail, Rangpur and Mymensingh.

21

Photograph by Mirza S A Habib Write up by Kazi Farhed Iqubal Mirza S A Habib

Great Evening Brown

Common Name : Great Evening Brown Scientific Name : Melanitis zitenius (Herbst) Family Name : NYMPHALIDAE Wingspan : 80-95 mm.

Colour : Some species have irregular margins (angle wings and commas) and the others have long tail like projections (dagger wings). It has frequent colors in wings like brown, orange, yellow and black.

Habit and Habitat : This butterfly is inhabits in forest or grass lands. Usually moves in dark or low light.

Host Plants : Poaceae sp., Cyperaceae sp., Juncaceae sp.

Location : Dhaka, angail, Mymensingh, Rangpur, Gaibandha, Bogra, Netrokona, Sylhet and Gaibandha.

22

Lime

Photograph by Mirza S A Habib Write up by Kazi Farhed Iqubal Mirza S A Habib

Common Name : Lime Scientific Name : Papilio demoleus (Linnaeus) Family Name : PAPILIONIDAE Wingspan : 80-100 mm Colour : It is a tailless, yellow-spotted black butterfly. Both upper and lower surface of the front wings has broad irregular yellow band with broken into large irregular spots and patches.

Habit and Habitat : It is a first flier specimen found in villages, towns as well as forest. They are arboreal in nature. It takes wild fruits, flowers, buds, shoots and leaves.

Host Plants : Citrus sp., Aegle marmelos, Zizyphus jujube Location : Dhaka, Tangail, Rangpur, Gaibandha, Bogra, Netrokona, Sylhet and Mymensingh.

23

Photograph by Mirza S A Habib Write up by Kazi Farhed Iqubal Mirza S A Habib

Common Mormon

Common Name : Common Mormon Scientific Name : Papilio polytes (Linnaeus) Family Name : PAPILIONIDAE Wingspan : 90-100 mm Colour : Males have velvety black wing with a row of white spots on central region. Female have 3 different forms. Form Cyrus is similar to males but have red marginal crescents on hind wings. Form Romulas is black and tailed similar to crimson rose. It has red spots on hind wing apes, cell and discs. Form Stichius is tailed and black, similar to common rose.

Habit and Habitat : It usually visits wet patches of soil and feed on nectar plants. Males are faster flier than women.

Host Plants : Aegle marmelos, Citrus lemon, Citrus grandis, Murraya koenigii, Glycosmis arborea Location : Dhaka, Mymensingh, Tangail, Rangpur, Gaibandha and Netrokona.

24

Blue Mormon

Photograph by Kazi Farhed Iqubal Write up by Kazi Farhed Iqubal Mirza S A Habib

Common Name : Blue Mormon Scientific Name : Papilio polymnestor (Cramer) Family Name : PAPILIONIDAE Wingspan : 120-150 mm Colour : The adults are large, black and tailless. Upper front wings have pale blue markings narrowing towards the apex. Hind wing is pale blue with 2 rows of large black spots.

Habit and Habitat : It has strong dipping flight flashing the blue on its wings. The best places to look for this specimen is forest paths along with streams. It also comes to wet soil patches sporadically.

Host Plants : Citrus lemon, Citrus grandis, Glycosmis arborea, Citrus sinensis Location : Tangail, Mymensingh, Netrokona and Dhaka.

25

Photograph by Mirza S A Habib Write up by Kazi Farhed Iqubal Mirza S A Habib

Indian Skipper

Common Name : Indian Skipper Scientific Name : Spialia galba (Fabricius) Family Name : HESPERIIDAE Wingspan : 24-27 mm Colour : It can be identified by its unique pattern of black and white spots and its small size. Upper surface of the wings is black or dark brown. The lower surface of the wings is whitish. The wings have a red fringe.

Habit and Habitat : It keeps very close to ground with swift flying. It is seen basking during the daytime with its half open wings.

Host Plants : Tridax procumbens, Bidens sp., Sida rhombifolia, Waltheria indica, Hibiscus sp.

Location : Dhaka, Tangail, Mymensingh, Gaibandha, Bogra, Netrokona, Sylhet and Rangpur.

26

Common Small Flat

Photograph by M Shahtabul Islam Write up by Kazi Farhed Iqubal Mirza S A Habib

Common Name : Common Small Flat Scientific Name : Sarangesa dasahara (Moore) Family Name : HESPERIIDAE Wingspan : 30-35 mm Colour : It has dull black or brown with small semi-transparent spots on the upper wings.

Habit and Habitat : It is a fast flier butterfly. It feeds on small flowers and herbs. It is seen in both sunny and shaded areas.

Host Plants : Asystasia sp., Blepharis asperrima Location : Netrokona and Sylhet.

27

Photograph by Mirza S A Habib Write up by Kazi Farhed Iqubal Mirza S A Habib

Coon

Common Name : Coon Scientific Name : Psolos fuligo (Mabille) Family Name : HESPERIIDAE Wingspan : 35-40 mm Colour : The specimen have dark brown wings with a slight golden hue. It has paler lower surface of the wings which usually marked with a few small and rather obscure ferruginous spots.

Habit and Habitat : The butterfly has a short skipping flight and does not fly far if not disturbed. It is found widely in gardens, wetlands, ditches and bushes along with forest edges.

Host Plants : Dioscoreaceae sp.

Location : Dhaka, Gaibandha, Tangail, Mymensingh, Rangpur, Bogra, Netrokona and Sylhet.

28

Tree Flitter

Photograph by Mirza S A Habib Write up by Kazi Farhed Iqubal Mirza S A Habib

Common Name : Tree Flitter Scientific Name : Hyarotis adrastus (Cramer) Family Name : HESPERIIDAE Wingspan : 40-45 mm Colour : The upper surface of the fore wing has three small semi-transparent spots. Lower surface of the wings is darker brown with white spots as like upper surface.

Habit and Habitat : It is fast flier, commonly seen flying in and around bushes, moist and shady areas.

Host Plants : Phoenix aculis Location : Dhaka and Sylhet.

29

Photograph by Mirza S A Habib Write up by Kazi Farhed Iqubal Mirza S A Habib

Grass Demon

Common Name : Grass Demon Scientific Name : Udaspes folus (Cramer) Family Name : HESPERIIDAE Wingspan : 40-48 mm Colour : Overall black with a big semi transparent central white area on hind wing and several smaller white spots on front wings.

Habit and Habitat : This butterfly is faster, erratic and has winding flight. It is mostly abundant in the open regions of hilly area.

Host Plants : Curcuma aromatica, Curcuma decipiens, Zingiber sp.

Location : Dhaka, Tangail, Mymensingh, Rangpur, Bogra, Netrokona, Sylhet and Gaibandha.

30

Chestnut Bob

Photograph by Maruful A Chowdhury Write up by Kazi Farhed Iqubal Mirza S A Habib

Common Name : Chestnut Bob Scientific Name : Iambrix salsala (Moore) Family Name : HESPERIIDAE Wingspan : 26-30 mm Colour : It carries dark brown overlaid with orange scales, silver spot at the centre on the lower surface of the hind wings enclosed in a thin black ring.

Habit and Habitat : The specimen is very common in natural environment, edges and clearings in the evergreen, semi-evergreen and moist deciduous forest. It flies slowly to ground level. It feeds on mostly small flowers.

Host Plants : Bambusa sp.

Location : Dhaka, Tangail, Mymensingh, Rangpur, Gaibandha, Bogra, Netrokona and Sylhet.

31

Photograph by M Shahtabul Islam Write up by Kazi Farhed Iqubal Mirza S A Habib

Common Grass Dart

Common Name : Common Grass Dart Scientific Name : Taractrocera maevius (Fabricius) Family Name : HESPERIIDAE Wingspan : 10-15 mm Colour : It carries a bit pale in colors with white in fore wings.

Habit and Habitat : It flies at lower level in open grassy and sunlit areas. It is found widespread in the plain land.

Host Plants : Oryza sativa Location : Bogra, Dhaka, Tangail, Mymensingh, Rangpur, Gaibandha, Netrokona and Sylhet.

32

Common Redeye

Photograph by Mirza S A Habib Write up by Kazi Farhed Iqubal Mirza S A Habib

Common Name : Common Redeye Scientific Name : Matapa aria (Moore) Family Name : HESPERIIDAE Wingspan : 40-55 mm Colour : A dark buff brown skipper, distinguished by its blood-red eyes.

Habit and Habitat : It is a rapid flier, mainly seen flying or basking early morning or at dusk. Otherwise, remains hidden in thickets.

Host Plants : Bambusa sp.

Location : Dhaka, Tangail, Mymensingh, Gaibandha, Bogra, Netrokona, Sylhet and Rangpur.

33

Photograph by Mirza S A Habib Write up by Kazi Farhed Iqubal Mirza S A Habib

Checkered White

Common Name : Checkered White Scientific Name : Pontia protodice (Boisduval & Leconte) Family Name : PIERIDAE Wingspan : 38-63 mm Colour : The upper surface of the wings of male fore wings has black checkered pattern on outer half. Female is more heavily patterned, but markings are more brown and diffuse. The hind wings of both male and female are white.

Habit and Habitat : It is quick flier, widely found dry weedy areas, vacant lots, fields, pastures, sandy areas, railroad beds and roads.

Host Plants : Brassica oleraceae Location : Tangail, Netrokona and Mymensingh.

34

Common Grass Yellow

Photograph by M Shahtabul Islam Write up by Kazi Farhed Iqubal Mirza S A Habib

Common Name : Common Grass Yellow Scientific Name : Eurema hecabe (Linnaeus) Family Name : PIERIDAE Wingspan : 40-50 mm Colour : A bright yellow butterfly with black borders on the upper surface of the wings. Hind wings has narrow terminal black border. Lower surface of the wings has few black spots; however some of them or all may be absent.

Habit and Habitat : It has weak fluttering flight. It is most active in the morning and at noon. It feeds mostly on small low growing flowers.

Host Plants : Cassia fistula, C. siamea, C. tora, C. sophera, Albizia sp., Acaia sp., Caesalpinia sp.

Location : Dhaka, Mymensingh, Rangpur, Gaibandha, Bogra, Netrokona, Sylhet and Tangail.

35

Photograph by Maruful A Chowdhury Write up by Kazi Farhed Iqubal Mirza S A Habib

Common Emigrant

Common Name : Common Emigrant Scientific Name : Catopsilia pomona (Fabricius) Family Name : PIERIDAE Wingspan : 55-80 mm Colour : It is yellow to translucent greenish white. Antennae may be black or red. Lower surface of the wings is unmarked or with redringed silver spots in center. Upper surface of the wings has variable narrow to broad margin.

Habit and Habitat : It flies rapid with erratic up and down swoops. It is a common butterfly moving around flowers in gardens throughout the year.

Host Plants : Cassia fistula, C. siamea, C. tora, C. sophera, Butea monosperma Location : Dhaka, Tangail, Mymensingh, Rangpur, Bogra, Netrokona and Gaibandha.

36

Common Gull

Photograph by S Hasnain Mamun Write up by Kazi Farhed Iqubal Mirza S A Habib

Common Name : Common Gull Scientific Name : Cepora nerissa (Fabricius) Family Name : PIERIDAE Wingspan : 40-65 mm Colour : The upper surface of the wings of this butterfly is white and black border from apex, narrowing towards corners. Lower surface of the wings is pale to bright yellow with darkened veins.

Habit and Habitat : The specimen usually flies close to ground level. It likes to visit flowers, prominent leaf or exposed bushes.

Host Plants : Capparis sepiaria, Capparis aphylla Location : Bogra, Mymensingh, Tangail and Sylhet.

37

Photograph by Kazi Farhed Iqubal Write up by Kazi Farhed Iqubal Mirza S A Habib

Common Jezebel

Common Name : Common Jezebel Scientific Name : Delias eucharis (Drury) Family Name : PIERIDAE Wingspan : 66-83 mm Colour : It has white and yellow with black stripes and orange-red marginal spots which are edged white and black border on both surfaces of the wings.

Habit and Habitat : It is a conspicuous butterfly, frequently can be seen on trees along the roads, flowers and visits damp areas.

Host Plants : Dendropthoe falcata, Helicanthus elastica Location : Gaibandha, Dhaka, Netrokona and Bogra.

38

Psyche

Photograph by Maruful A Chowdhury Write up by Kazi Farhed Iqubal Mirza S A Habib

Common Name : Psyche Scientific Name : Leptosia nina (Fabricius) Family Name : PIERIDAE Wingspan : 25-40 mm Colour : The specimen carries white on upper surface of the wings. Its front wings have black on apex and a large black spot. Lower surface of the wings are streaked with fine greenish lines.

Habit and Habitat : Flies almost incessantly, close to ground with feeble wing beats. This butterfly never rises above the knee level. It feeds on small flowers.

Host Plants : Capparis zeylanica, Capparis spinosa, Cleome viscosa, Crateva adansoni Location : Dhaka, Tangail, Mymensingh, Rangpur, Gaibandha, Netrokona, Sylhet and Bogra.

39

Photograph by Mirza S A Habib Write up by Kazi Farhed Iqubal Mirza S A Habib

Striped Albatross

Common Name : Striped Albatross Scientific Name : Appias libythea olferna (Fabricius) Family Name : PIERIDAE Wingspan : 50-56 mm Colour : The lower surface of the wings have white shades with prominent black veins. The wings of female are dark bushed with yellow base.

Habit and Habitat : The species can be seen flying in bright sunshine. Males are sometimes observed feeding on damp seepages on road surface. Females do not demonstrate such behavior, preferring to feed on the nectar of flowers.

Host Plants : Cloeme rutidosperma Location : Netrokona, Dhaka and Tangail.

40

Florida White

Photograph by Mirza S A Habib Write up by Kazi Farhed Iqubal Mirza S A Habib

Common Name : Florida White Scientific Name : Appias drusilla (Cramer) Family Name : PIERIDAE Wingspan : 53-77 mm Colour : The wings of male are immaculate white with narrow black scaling along fore wing costal margin. Female's has white with black wing tip, outer margin and costal margin; hind wings are white to pale yellow.

Habit and Habitat : It is fast flier, erratic and actively moves on sunlight. It can be seen in lowland, evergreen or semi-deciduous forests.

Host Plants : Capparis flexuosa, Drypetes lateriflora Location : Tangail.

41

Photograph by Mirza S A Habib Write up by Kazi Farhed Iqubal Mirza S A Habib

Mottled Emigrant

Common Name : Mottled Emigrant Scientific Name : Catopsilia pyranthe (Linnaeus) Family Name : PIERIDAE Wingspan : 55-70 mm Colour : Both sexes have chalky white to greenish yellow coloration. Lower surface of the wings is closely mottled with fine brown or green lines. Lower hind wing is with or without red-ringed silver spots. Upper surface of the front wing has black margins.

Habit and Habitat : It is fairly strong, jerky, errant flier. It is seen commonly in gardens and city roads. It comes to flowers and damp patches in regular interval.

Host Plants : Cassia fistula, Cassia javanica, Cassia roxburghii, Cassia bakeriana, Senna alata, Senna auriculata Location : Dhaka and Sylhet.

42

Three Spot Grass Yellow

Photograph by Mirza S A Habib Write up by Kazi Farhed Iqubal Mirza S A Habib

Common Name : Three Spot Grass Yellow Scientific Name : Eurema blanda (Boisduval) Family Name : PIERIDAE Wingspan : 40-44 mm Colour : It has yellow color with three brown spots. Its hind wings are rounded and smooth.

Habit and Habitat : It has low flying speed with seldom stops.

Host Plants : Calliandra haematocephala, Calliandra tergemina, Paraserianthes falcataria, Senna alata Location : Dhaka, Tangail, Mymensingh, Rangpur, Bogra, Netrokona and Gaibandha.

43

Photograph by S Hasnain Mamun Write up by Kazi Farhed Iqubal Mirza S A Habib

Common Pierrot

Common Name : Common Pierrot Scientific Name : Castalius rosimon (Fabricius) Family Name : LYCAENIDAE Wingspan : 24-32 mm Colour : It has white and black spots with streaks. The bases of upper surface of the wings are shiny pale blue.

Habit and Habitat : It is usually seen fluttering around it's food plants, bird droppings dead insects and flowers. It likes sunshine and usually basks after the rains.

Host Plants : Ziziphus mauritiana, Ziziphus rugosa Location : Tangail, Mymensingh, Rangpur, Gaibandha, Bogra, Netrokona, Sylhet and Dhaka.

44

Gram Blue

Photograph by Mirza S A Habib Write up by Kazi Farhed Iqubal Mirza S A Habib

Common Name : Gram Blue Scientific Name : Euchrysops cnejus (Fabricius) Family Name : LYCAENIDAE Wingspan : 25-32 mm Colour : It has tailed, light gray with marked of thin lines and spots. The upper surface of the wings of male is pale violet blue. On the other hand, female butterfly has scanty blue scaling in brown shade on its upper surface of the wings.

Habit and Habitat : Mostly seen in dry areas having profound sunshine. As a weak flier, it always flies close to ground. It also found during collecting nectar from tiny flowers.

Host Plants : Butea monosperma, Pisum sativum, Vigna cylindrica, Cicer arietinum Location : Sylhet and Tangail.

45

Photograph by Mirza S A Habib Write up by Kazi Farhed Iqubal Mirza S A Habib

Chocolate Royal

Common Name : Chocolate Royal Scientific Name : Ramelana jangala (Horsfield) Family Name : LYCAENIDAE Wingspan : 32-42 mm Colour : The upper surfaces of the wings are brownish black with lustrous purple blue. It's central patch and lower surface of the wings are chocolate shaded.

Habit and Habitat : It is fond of settled on damp patches and low elevations in forested regions during the hot and dry summer months.

Host Plants : Rhododendron sp.

Location : Dhaka, Tangail and Netrokona.

46

Angled Pierrot

Photograph by M Shahtabul Islam Write up by Kazi Farhed Iqubal Mirza S A Habib

Common Name : Angled Pierrot Scientific Name : Caleta caleta (Hewitson) Family Name : LYCAENIDAE Wingspan : 28-34 mm Colour : The upper surfaces of the wings are dark brownish black. A broad medial oblique white band across both fore and hind wings and lower surface of the wings bears white with the following black markings.

Habit and Habitat : It is a rapid flier butterfly, found in shady paths and damp patches. It keeps small distance while flying to the ground and bushes.

Host Plants : Zizyphus rugosa, Rhamnaceae Location : Dhaka, Tangail, Mymensingh, Rangpur, Gaibandha, Bogra, Netrokona and Sylhet.

47

Photograph by Mirza S A Habib Write up by Kazi Farhed Iqubal Mirza S A Habib

Slate Flash

Common Name : Slate Flash Scientific Name : Rapala manae (Moore) Family Name : LYCAENIDAE Wingspan : 30-33 mm Colour : It is brown with a darker band and a black tail-lobe.

Habit and Habitat : It can flies from any height from the ground. It likes flowers and shrubs as nectar source. It can bask its wings half spreader.

Host Plants : Ziziphus mauritiana, Thea sinensis, Antidesma ghaesembilia Location : Dhaka, Tangail, Rangpur, Gaibandha, Bogra, Netrokona, Sylhet and Mymensingh.

48

Dark Grass Blue

Photograph by S Hasnain Mamun Write up by Kazi Farhed Iqubal Mirza S A Habib

Common Name : Dark Grass Blue Scientific Name : Zizeeria knysna (Kollar) Family Name : LYCAENIDAE Wingspan : 18-23 mm Colour : It is dark blue in upper surface of the wings and brown in lower surface of the wings, with dark and rounded brown spots.

Habit and Habitat : It's a very weak flier, usually flies close to ground; often seen basking with its wings half open. It is mostly seen in garden, wetland, ditches, and bushes along with forest edges.

Host Plants : Oxalis sp., Strobilanthes sp.

Location : Dhaka, Tangail, Mymensingh, Rangpur, Gaibandha, Bogra, Netrokona and Sylhet.

49

Photograph by Maruful A Chowdhury Write up by Kazi Farhed Iqubal Mirza S A Habib

Monkey Puzzle

Common Name : Monkey Puzzle Scientific Name : Rathinda amor (Fabricius) Family Name : LYCAENIDAE Wingspan : 26-28 mm Colour : The specimen is dark brown with white spot end cell. The lower surface of the wings carries white and dark yellowish brown; on the other hand fore wings have irregular dark basal markings with a curved white discal line.

Habit and Habitat : As a weak flier, the specimen stays low and does not fly for long without alighting. It is seen in forest and scrubs.

Host Plants : Mangifera indica, Meiogyne pannosa Location : Dhaka, Tangail, Mymensingh, Rangpur and Sylhet.

50

Longbanded Silverline

Photograph by Mirza S A Habib Write up by Kazi Farhed Iqubal Mirza S A Habib

Common Name : Longbanded Silverline Scientific Name : Spindasis lohita (Horsfield) Family Name : LYCAENIDAE Wingspan : 30-42 mm Colour : It is creamy yellow to cinnamon red, silvery lines edged prominently with black to red.

Habit and Habitat : It can be seen in sunshine and perched among shrubs along the road side. As a swift flier, it is available in forest during heavy rain fall.

Host Plants : Dioscorea sp., Xylia sp., Psidium guajava Location : Sylhet.

51

Photograph by Kazi Farhed Iqubal Write up by Kazi Farhed Iqubal Mirza S A Habib

Tiny Grass Blue

Common Name : Tiny Grass Blue Scientific Name : Zizula hylax (Fabricius) Family Name : LYCAENIDAE Wingspan : 16-24 mm Colour : The lower surface of the wings is grey and upper surface of the wings is dull violet blue. It changes into tint of violet in close of certain lights.

Habit and Habitat : It mostly prefers moist places, but also found in open and sunny places. As a weak flier, it keeps half a meter distance from the ground.

Host Plants : Hygrophila auriculata, Strobilanthes sp., Lantana camara Location : Dhaka, Tangail, Mymensingh, Rangpur, Bogra, Netrokona, Sylhet and Gaibandha.

52

Large Oak Blue

Photograph by Mirza S A Habib Write up by Kazi Farhed Iqubal Mirza S A Habib

Common Name : Large Oak Blue Scientific Name : Narathura amantes (Hewitson) Family Name : LYCAENIDAE Wingspan : 45-50 mm Colour : The wing's upper surface of the wings has brilliant metallic blue and lower surface of the wings has pale brown with dark spots, outlined, in white.

Habit and Habitat : It is seen most active during post monsoon days, by restless visiting during wet soil until late evening. When disturbed, it moves very fast to the air.

Host Plants : Terminalia alata, Terminalia catapa, Lagerstroemia reginae, Xylia xylocarpa Location : Sylhet, Rangpur and Dhaka.

53

Photograph by Mirza S A Habib Write up by Kazi Farhed Iqubal Mirza S A Habib

Zebra Blue

Common Name : Zebra Blue Scientific Name : Syntarucus plinius (Fabricius) Family Name : LYCAENIDAE Wingspan : 22-30 mm Colour : The lower surface of the wings has unique "zebra" patterns with combination of black and white.

Habit and Habitat : It is found in dry deciduous and semi evergreen forest. It can move its wings quickly. But when settled, it allows close approaches.

Host Plants : Albizzia lebbek, Plumbago zeylanica, Mimosa sp., Sesbania bispinosa, Dyerophytum indicum Location : Gaibandha, Bogra, Sylhet and Rangpur.

54

Forget-me-not

Photograph by Mirza S A Habib Write up by Kazi Farhed Iqubal Mirza S A Habib

Common Name : Forget-me-not Scientific Name : Catochrysops strabo (Fabricius) Family Name : LYCAENIDAE Wingspan : 25-35 mm Colour : The upper surface of the wings is pale blue and lower surface of the wings have two small black coastal spots.

Habit and Habitat : As a low elevation specimen, it flies close to ground with short distance. It also been seen usually basking in early morning and late afternoon.

Host Plants : Desmodium oojeinense, Schliechera oleosa Location : Dhaka, Tangail, Bogra and Rangpur.

55

Photograph by Mirza S A Habib Write up by Kazi Farhed Iqubal Mirza S A Habib

Lime Blue

Common Name : Lime Blue Scientific Name : Chilades laius (Stoll) Family Name : LYCAENIDAE Wingspan : 25-29 mm Colour : It is light gray, with tailless blue. The upper surface of the wings has numerous dark spots. But the most uncommon things of the wings, it creates "L" shape, when these are joined to each other.

Habit and Habitat : As a modest flier, it often settles. It is mostly seen close to shrubs, small trees, wet soil, patches and nectar. During the basking, the specimen partially opens its wings.

Host Plants : Citrus lemon, Atlantia racemosa, Citrus sinensis Location : Dhaka, Mymensingh, Rangpur, Gaibandha, Bogra, Netrokona, Sylhet and Tangail.

56

Quaker

Photograph by Mirza S A Habib Write up by Kazi Farhed Iqubal Mirza S A Habib

Common Name : Quaker Scientific Name : Neopithecops zalmora (Fruhstorfer) Family Name : LYCAENIDAE Wingspan : 20-30 mm Colour : It has dark brown with variable white patch on the upper surface of the wings and prominent black spots on the lower surface of the of wings.

Habit and Habitat : It flies fast, settles down often to ground, leaves or flowers. Sometimes, male comes to damp patches. The specimen has profoundly seen in the forest region.

Host Plants : Glycosmis pentaphylla, Glycosmis arborea, Glycosmis parviflora Location : Sylhet, Rangpur and Tangail.

57

Photograph by Mirza S A Habib Write up by Kazi Farhed Iqubal Mirza S A Habib

Indigo Flash

Common Name: Indigo Flash Scientific Name: Rapala varuna (Hewitson) Family Name: LYCAENIDAE Wingspan: 26-32 mm Colour: The wings of this butterfly are indigo blue and sides are dark brown with purple wash. The hind wings are possessed a white tipped thread like tail and a tonal lobe.

Habit and Habitat: It is rapid flier, seen while it stops and feeds from flowering plants.

Host Plants: Rhamnaceae sp., Fabaceae sp.

Location: Tangail, Dhaka and Mymensingh.

58

Yam-fly

Photograph by Mirza S A Habib Write up by Kazi Farhed Iqubal Mirza S A Habib

Common Name: Yam-fly Scientific Name: Loxura atymnus (Fruhstorfer) Family Name: LYCAENIDAE Wingspan: 36-42 mm Colour: Reddish orange on the upper surface of the wings, with a black apical border on the fore wings. The lower surface of the wings is orange yellow with some obscure markings.

Habit and Habitat: The specimen usually move single but also enjoys basking in bright sunlight and flies low levels near to ground level.

Host Plants: Dioscorea pentaphylla, Smilax bracteata Location: Tangail.

59

Photograph by S Hasnain Mamun Write up by Kazi Farhed Iqubal Mirza S A Habib

Forest Hopper

Common Name : Forest Hopper Scientific Name : Astictopterus jama jama (C. and R. Felder) Family Name : HESPERIIDAE Wingspan : 25-35 mm Colour : It is dark brown to dark chocolate.

Habit and Habitat : Fast flier, widely distributed throughout the grassland.

Host Plants : Digitaria cruciata, Miscanthus sinensis Location : Dhaka, Tangail, Mymensingh, Rangpur, Gaibandha, Bogra, Netrokona and Sylhet.

60

Common Spotted Flat

Photograph by Mirza S A Habib Write up by Kazi Farhed Iqubal Mirza S A Habib

Common Name : Common Spotted Flat Scientific Name : Celaenorrhinus leucocera (Kollar) Family Name : HESPERIIDAE Wingspan : 45-55 mm Colour : The specimen has dark brown with a series of large, semi-transparent white spots across the fore wings, which are joined to each other.

Habit and Habitat : It keeps very little distance to the ground level and flies faster, usually moves between sunny and shaded areas on flower to flower.

Host Plants : Asystasia gangetica, Ecbolium linguistrinum, Eranthemum roseum, Carvia callosa, Thelepaepale ixiocephala Location : Dhaka, Mymensingh, Rangpur, Gaibandha, Bogra, Netrokona, Sylhet and Tangail.

61

Bibliography Bell, T. R. 1910. Common Butterflies of the Plains of India. Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society 20 (2): 287-289.

Bingham, C.T. 1905. The Fauna of British India including Ceylon and Burma - Butterflies (Vol 1). London: Taylor and Francis.

Brock, J .P. and Kaufman, K. 2003. Focus Guide to Butterflies of North America. Houghton Mifflin Co., Boston.

Collins, N. M., Collins, M. G. 1985. Threatened Swallowtails of the World: the IUCN red data book. IUCN Protected Area Programme Series. Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, U.K.: IUCN. Cyril, C. and Sheppard, P. M. 1975. The genetics of the mimetic butterfly Hypolimnas bolina (L.). Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological Sciences 272 (917) DeVries, P.J . 1987. The Butterflies of Costa Rica and Their Natural History: Volume 1. Princeton, New J ersey: Princeton University Press.

Emmel, K. 1997. Florida's Fabulous Butterflies. Tampa, Florida: World Publications.

Evans, W.H. 1932. The Identification of Indian Butterflies. (2nd Ed), Bombay Natural History Society, Mumbai, India.

Gaden, S., R., Phillip, R. A., Ian, J . K., George, W. B. and Luis, M. H. 2007. HOSTS - a Database of the World's Lepidopteran Hostplants.

Gaonkar, H. 1996. Butterflies of the Western Ghats, India (including Sri Lanka) - A Biodiversity Assessment of a threatened mountain system. Centre for Ecological Sciences, IISC, Bangalore, India & Natural History Museum, London, UK. Gay, T., Kehimkar, I. and Punetha, J .C. 1992. Common Butterflies of India. WWF-India and Oxford University Press, Mumbai, India.

Gerberg, E.J . and Arnett, R.H. 1989. Florida Butterflies. Baltimore. Natural Science Publications.

Glassberg, J , 2007, A Swift Guide to the Butterflies of Mexico and Central America. Sunstreak Books, Inc. Glassberg, J . 2001. Butterflies through Binoculars. The West. Oxford Univ. Press., New York.

Hamer, K.C., Hill, J .K., Benedick, S., Mustaffa, N., Chey, V.K. and Maryati, M. 2006. Diversity and ecology of carrion- and fruit-feeding butterflies in Bornean rain forest. Journal of Tropical Ecology 22: 25-33.

Haribal, M. 1994. Butterflies of Sikkim Himalaya and their Natural History. University Press. Mumbai. India Howe, W.H. editor, 1975. Butterflies of North America. Doubleday and Co., Garden City, NY. Igarashi, S. and Fukuda, H. 1997. The life histories of Asian butterflies vol. 1. Tokai University Press, Tokyo.

Klots, A.B. 1951. A Field Guide to the Butterflies of North America East of the Great Plains. Houghton Mifflin, Boston.

Krushnamegh, K. and Madhav, G. 2000. Appendix I. Larval host plants of peninsular Indian butterflies. Butterflies of Peninsular India. Universities Press. Mumbai. India.

Kunte, K. 2000. Butterflies of Peninsular India. India, a lifescape (reprint 2006 ed.). Hyderabad: Universities Press (India) Ltd. Kunte, K. 2006. Additions to the known larval host plants of Indian butterflies. Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society 103 (1): 119-121.

Mikula, R. 1997. Garden Butterflies of North America. Minocqua, Wisconsin. Willow Creek Press.

Minno, M.C., J .F. Butler, and Hall, D.W. (in press). Field Guide to Florida Butterfly Caterpillars and Their Host Plants. University Press of Florida, Gainesville.

Neck, R. W. 1996. A Field Guide to the Butterflies on Texas. Gulf Publishing Co., Houston.

Nielson, M. C. 1999. Michigan Butterflies and Skippers. Michigan. The Michigan State University MSU Extension.

Opler, P.A. 1992. A Field Guide to Eastern Butterflies. Houghton Mifflin Co., Boston.

Perera, W.P.N. and Channa, N. B. 2006. Species richness, distribution and conservation status of butterflies in Sri Lanka. In Bambaradeniya, Channa, N. B.. The fauna of Sri Lanka: status of taxonomy, research, and conservation. Sri Lanka: IUCN. Pyle, R. M. 1981. The Audubon Society Field Guide to North American Butterflies. Alfred A. Knoph, New York.

Rajagopalan, A. 2005. A new food plant of the Great Egg-fly. Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society (3): 355.

Scott, J .A. 1986. The Butterflies of North America. Stanford, California: Stanford University Press.

Sharma, N. 2003. Notes on the common palm butterfly, Elymnias hypermnestra undularis (Drury) (Satyrinae) in India. J ournal of the Lepidopterists Society 57:147-149.

Stokes, D. and Williams, L. E .1991. The Butterfly Book. Boston. Little, Brown and Company.

Tveten, J .L. & G. Tveten. 1996. Butterflies of Houston and southeast Texas. University of Texas Press, Austin.

Wynter-Blyth, M.A. 1957. Butterflies of the Indian Region. Bombay Natural History Society, Mumbai, India.

B utterflies of B angladesh

B utterflies of B anglades h Inventory - Firs t Phas e "U pholding the ecology and cons ervation of flora and fauna s pecies of B anglades h, through the power of im agery and docum entation" - with this belief and m otto, w e, a group of people, have been w orking voluntarily w ith a s im ilar vis ion for the las t one deca de. T he tea m com pris es env ironm enta l ph o to g r a ph e r s , e n to m o l o g i s ts , bo ta n i s ts , env ironm enta lis ts , zoologis ts , w ildlife ex perts and academ icians .

During our expedition, we have been able to m ake a hea lthy docum enta tion of s om e s pecies in B anglades h which includes rare and threatened flora, m edicinal plants , dragonflies , lizards , frogs , birds along with butterflies and m oths .

T he book B utterflies of B anglades h is a com pilation of our firs t phas e inventory with the endeavours of our tw o and half y ear' s effort w here prim arily eight dis tricts of B anglades h were focus ed. T he res t of the geographical locations of B anglades h w ill als o be enclos ed by 8-10 years onward.

T he ultim ate goal of this initiative is the form ulation of an authentic checklis t of butterflies in B anglades h with adequate inform ation which is s uppos ed to play a great role for cons ervation efforts , not only for the s cientific com m unities , but als o for people as a whole.

ISBN 978-984-33-5079-4

9 789843 350794