Tech world

Tech World A History of Bright Ideas

Class 4-1

April 7, 2017

Time to “Cool”Down!

By: Alexis M.

Imagine a world without a refrigerator. Food rotting every second. Nothing to slow down bacterial growth. Also no fresh food to eat. Thanks to Oliver Evans and Jacob Perkins for designing, inventing and working together to make the most important appliance in our kitchen, the refrigerator.

Some “Cool” History The first inventor of the refrigerator was Oliver Evans. Oliver Evans made the refrigerator in 1805. That was 183 years ago. The first refrigerator was made in a country called South Korea. That’s where Oliver Evans went to work with his brothers. Over the next 5 years Oliver finally made the refrigerator.

The refrigerator was mostly invented so it can slow down bacterial growth.

cabinet, but now the refrigerator looks like a big block of metal with doors and handles.

In 1805, refrigerators cost about $1,000 dollars to buy. Now the refrigerator costs about $700 dollars. When Oliver Evans made the refrigerator it was just wood, doors and drawers, but now we have tvs, waterspouts, ice machines and so much more.

In 1834, the refrigerator was improved by Jacob Perkins. He had designed the vapor compression system. The way it worked was a liquid would travel around the appliance and absorb the heat and cool at the same time. 20 years later, in 1854, a man named James Harrison created the first commercial vapor compression refrigeration system and sold it to meat packing houses and breweries. By 1861 a dozen of his systems were in operation. By 1913 we had refrigerators in our homes and in 1920, freon was introduced.

As time went by, the appliance got better and better.

This refrigerator was the first refrigerator made.

Evolution of the Ice Box Do you think all refrigerators look the same? Well think again. In 1805 the refrigerator looked like a big

Having too many magnets on your refrigerator could put you in the Guinness Book of World Records.

A Refreshing New Way of Life Today the refrigerator is one of the best appliances in our kitchen. It has a huge impact on society and changed our way of life.

Refrigeration has enabled our society to grow. We now have businesses like restaurants and supermarkets that can store food and keep it fresh for long periods of time.

These businesses have created jobs for people, which helps the economy grow and expand.

Refrigerators also make our lives much easier. New ones can tell us what we need to buy while we are at the grocery store. They can also order food for us. They can even keep all different temperatures as well. The refrigerator is considered one of the most important appliances in our home.

This refrigerator you order food on it.

The Future of the Refrigerator The refrigerator may have an interesting future.The future for the

refrigerator is really interesting. In the future, a company plans to make a refrigerator that has grocery delivery. Even something to help you get recipes to make any time of day. Also, the refrigerator will have a program that will help to keep you on your diet.

When children today become grown ups, they will likely have refrigerators that are completely different than the one they grew up with. I am excited to see what kind of refrigerator is out there in 20 years when I grow up.

The refrigerator has helped many lives. It has made us able to store food longer and chill things like medicine. Think about it, every kitchen you walk into has a refrigerator. Thanks to Oliver Evans, we don’t have to eat our food right away.

The best part of all, refrigerators still continue to change lives after so many years.

Pedaling Forward By: Ashley G.

Bicycles make us healthier because when you ride your bike you get exercise, and it’s a lot of fun! Bicycles help you get places without having to use a car. It is also faster than walking.

Using a bike is fun to do with friends, or by yourself. Bicycles keep you in shape while having fun!

​Ride Yourself Back To The

History

Who do you think invented the bicycle?

The answer is no one because a lot of people around the world helped make it.

The bicycle was made in Britain, the United States, and Europe. The first bicycle was made in the nineteenth century and was a two wheeled rider that was used like a scooter. The bicycle was invented because you can get to places faster than walking.

Wheeling Through the Times The first change to the bicycle was in the1840s. Macmillan made a machine that had two pedals that were connected by a rod. It’s similar to a bike today.The second change to the bicycle was in the early 1860s called the velocipede.The bicycle was powered with pedals on the front wheel instead of the back. We don’t know who first came out with the idea of the bicycle. The third change to the bicycle in the early 1870’s called the ordinary bicycle. The ordinary bicycle is anything but ordinary. James Starley made a bicycle with a larger front wheel than the back wheel. It wasn’t safe because you can fall and hit your head.

The fourth change was in the 1880’s by John Kemp starley called the safety bicycle. The safety bicycle was safer than the ordinary bicycle because the tires were the same size. The fifth change was made in Britain in the 1900’s by Sturmey Archer, and it was called the modern bicycle. The safety bicycle was better because the modern bicycle did not make any improvements, other than adding a spead gear.

separated from the central frame.

Another new bike idea is the Cube Urban Street Bike. This bike leaves the back wheel floating and is a three piece system. It adds a whole new frame and has a high speed bike design. These bikes may never be made in real life, but they are all concepts for the future of bicycles.

Let the Good Times Roll Bicycles provide transportation to get to places without walking and to get to places faster. Bicycles make us healthier because you can use it as an exercise activity. Bicycles are good for the economy because it saves money on transportation and shows an example of a healthier lifestyle. Also, a bike does not need gas like a car or bus does. Using a bicycle prevents pollution of the air.

Rolling Out In conclusion, all of these facts will teach you about the bicycle, and how it has changed over time. The bicycle has made a lot of improvements. It is a fun way to exercise and stay healthy.

Wheel into the Future The future has a lot of new bike designs.

The Wire Bike is one of them. It was made by Ionut Predescu and designed as a light up bicycle. It looks like great exercise and a lot of fun! The Plus Bike has lighting in the front and back tubes of the tires, and the seat post is

T.V. Time By: Alex C. Did you know that the television was first invented in the 1940’s, and it was made by a fourteen year old? His name was Philo Farnsworth.

The Start of It All The inventor, Philo Farnsworth was born August 19, 1906, in a log cabin at Indian Creek near Beaver, Utah. At the age of 14, as he was cutting the rows of hay in the field, he came up with the idea of “video waves”. Farnsworth made many electronic inventions and owned many patents, but his most memorable invention would always be the television.

Farnsworth’s dad had died in 1923.

Consequently, college needed to be set aside. He had to work in order to support himself and his family. While working, he fed his desire to learn more about radio technology by taking correspondence courses. In 1927 the first working television was shown to the public. One television at first was about $400 dollars to buy. They were big, although the screens weren’t any bigger then a paper notebook for a kid in school. Americans loved to use it from the start of when it was invented. Years and years passed, then over 10 million homes had a television and an antenna coming out of the roof of their homes. When the world saw the first man walking on the moon In 1969, Farnsworth once more realized his contribution to the world. The “father of television” died in 1971.

The first early television screen was almost as small as fitbit.

The Big Change Television has changed so much that back then you could barely see the screen. Philo Farnsworth probably wouldn’t recognize the ones today. Back then, the screen was so tiny you had to be about 2 feet away to actually see the screen. It also went from black and white to now full color and had no remote back then. The first television ever made was in 1932. ​The first color television went on sale in the summer of 1950. However the first color television was broadcast in 1951​.

The next version was in the 1970s. It was the first satellite television ever made with a satellite dish connected to it. 1972 was the last year of black and white and the industry went to full color screens.

They made it compatible with video games.

The innovated television still didn’t have a remote yet.

Television commercials were created to be aired during programs, shows and live sporting events. They added programs like the Cosby Show and Married with Children. Another improvement was in the 1980’s and 90’s when the television connected to video game systems such as Atari and Nintendo.

By 2000 television had 780 x 60p quality.

Now we have 1080 x 80p quality today and smart television’s.

it’s going to be amazing.

Society’s Change The television has had a big impact on many people. It enables people to learn about things. For example, the National Geographic Channel can be used to learn about wildlife and nature. It also brings the family together to watch a movie or something. For example you can get kids to get off their electronics and get together like a tradition. It also motivates children to start reading comics and cartoon books, instead of trying to get your kids to read without having parents to tell them to.

Although there are many good impacts on society there are also bad impacts on society as well. One is that watching more than three hours can hurt a child’s brain. It also can cause bad behavior problems and lower grades in school.

Another one is that sometimes when kids watch violent shows it can cause rudeness and violent behavior as well.

In time the television had better graphics and was larger

Television in 2037 In twenty years television will not be anything like today’s. Like the screen is going to be bigger and we will have much better quality than now. They are also going to have holographic pictures too!

The television has been innovated so much that televisions now have very big screens with excellent In conclusion television was in fact made by a fourteen year old and that it has had many innovations to make it work better.

And also has had many big effects on society.

Heads Up! One Step Up For Headphones By: Giuseppina V. When you think of the word headphones what words come to mind? DJ? Beats?

Music? Well i bet you have never thought of the word old. Well headphones are extremely old. And they have improved so much over time. This is all thanks to the first creator Nathaniel Baldwin.

that in 1980 they created earbuds.

The early headphones did not have padded ears and were mostly made of complete metal.

Back In Time With Headphones! ​Headphones have been around for so long and because of that there is a lot of history which has made them change. One reason headphones have changed is that back in 1881 headphones were not used for music at all.The headphones early ancestors were used ​by telephone operators.It would rest on your shoulder and weighed roughly 10 pounds.Another reason is that in 1910 the first actual headphones were made by Nathaniel Baldwin in his kitchen. The next reason is that in 1937 the first dynamic headphones were made. Although electrostatic headphones would take decades to come, dynamic headphones are still the most popular headphones on the market today. A different reason is in 1958 John C. Koss created the first stereo headphones and and launched an assault on the ear canal.

Over the next few decades John dominated the headphone industry. Another reason is that in 1958 at a show in Tokyo Stax displayed the world's first ever pair of electrostatic headphones. The first ones would go into production a year later.

Another reason is that a decade later in 1968 the first stereo headphones came out. The first electrostatic model came out. This was amazing because the ESP 6’s only weighed 2 pounds. Even though that's heavy for us, it was a big difference from the first 10 pound headphones. Another reason is that in 1979 one of the most important things in headphone history happened. The first portable headphones were made. They were called the Sony MLD 3l2. The last reason is

How Innovation Helped Headphones Headphones have changed very much over time thanks to the help of innovation.

Today's headphones are much less noticeable and lighter than the first headphones. I bet Nathaniel baldwin would not recognize them today.In 1910 the Navy received a prototype of a telephone designed to look like a headset and they were much heavier than the ones used today. The first headphones were also not portable.

A couple of decades later, in 1958, John C. Koss created the first stereo headphones.

This was a big jump from the original headphones and only forty years later.

A decade later, the first electrostatic U.S. made model came out.

In 1979, Sony created the Walkman, which used the first portable headphones. If you had to pick the most important event in headphone history, I would be amazed if you didn’t pick this one!

In 1997, if you wanted to keep your hair from being messy but also hated that earbuds couldn’t isolate sound well, your problem was solved with a pair of neckband headphones. Sony thought you might have liked these, but it turns out that you very much didn’t because nobody bought them.

Screaming babies and loud snorers could not be heard thanks to the quiet comfort line.

Pilots had been using this for decades but

now passengers could do the same by using these noise canceling headphones.

The iPod changed music when they made the first earbuds. They have sold over 3 million to date.

In 2008, Dr. Dre and Jimmy Levine along with Monster, created Beats by Dr. Dre. They are very large on the market and are still used today. They were designed with deep bass and excellent sound quality and best of all they are wireless and also very trendy and stylish!

The headphones early ancestors had a bar that you would hold up to your chin.

Hearing Headphones Improve There are many positive impacts headphones have had on society. One positive impact headphones have had on society is that they are portable. One example headphones are portable is that you can barely walk anywhere without seeing someone wearing headphones or earbuds.

The last example is that headphones are extremely light and thin which gives you more room both on your head and in your bag.

Another positive impact that headphones have had on society is that headphones have better sound quality than listening to music and other audios than without headphones. One example is that headphones make some audios less static than without them.

There are also many negative impacts headphones have had on society. One negative impact they have had on society is antisocialness. For example people are not talking to each other but instead listening to

their favorite song. Many people can also not hear other people when using headphones.

The last negative impact they have had on society is hearing loss.

A New Age Of Sound In the upcoming years headphones will change drastically and it will change the world forever. One reason headphones will change is that headphones will be one pad that ingolf's the ear. The second reason that headphones will change drastically is that soon headphones will translate languages to the language you speak so you can communicate with people from other cultures that do not understand your language. This will soon affect the entire world and everyone will be able to communicate with one and other. The third reason is that headphones will be able to pause, play, go on and off, and block out noise with one touch. To play you simply have to put the pad on your ears, To pause you simply have to take the pads off of the ear, To go on and off you will put the pads together and to turn them off you will separate the pads. The future of headphones is truly amazing i bet it will change our lives.

Headphones are actually called earphones when plugged into a portable device.

As you can see headphones have changed so much over time and are so much different than the ones that were used a long time ago. They have done so much for us and have truly changed the way we live today.

Blowing Around With the Windmill By: Jay S. Imagine you are a farmer before windmills were invented to grind grain and pump water. If you run out of water, you have to go all the way down to a well or river just to get a drink. When the first version of a windmill was created, you could have some horses pull beams and have water ready to drink. The windmill was great for helping people.

Huffing and Puffing Through History The windmill has been used for producing energy for thousands of years. Nobody really knows how or who invented the windmill. Although it looks like the Persians (in modern day Iraq), created the windmill for pumping water and grinding grain (around 500 to 900 A.D). We also know that the Crusaders had it by 1100. Then China got ​wind of the idea and had it by 1200. Afterward the Dutch used and innovated it by 1300. Finally the Americans developed a new design by the late 1800s.

Mediterranean an island called Crete started using windmills for pumping water before 1300.

Until the 20th century, wind power was only used for grinding grain and pumping water. It would still be like that if in 1888 Charles F Brush, hadn’t invented the wind turbine. This innovation of the windmill could store and send energy. He powered hundreds of lamps, and three electric motors with it. He was ​blown away by the results. From there the idea excelled to the modern day wind farms.

The modern day wind farms.

The American Effect of Wind Power

The American design

Changing the Windmill As Fast As the Wind What is now powering millions of houses was once used for powering sail boats, and grinding grain, along with pumping water. The first people with the windmill were the Persians as early as 500. The early Chinese model had a vertical axis around 1219. In the

Most people like wind power. People love clean energy that doesn't pollute the environment. They also know that we are running out of fossil fuels and that wind energy is infinite. Research shows people like clean energy.

However there is a con to windmills.

Most people don’t like wind turbines near their home because of the noise and many people think they ruin views.

A beautiful view or no?

Blowing Through the Future Wind energy is excelling fast. 17,800 wind turbines in Denmark and California have proven to be reliable. Now wind farm operation and maintenance has finally been mastered . Wind farms are also ‘’growing’’ in size. Advances in technology such as better controls and operation strategy will decrease the price making wind power even more popular.

If world leaders were to stop and think about the energy crisis and running out of fossil fuels, they would probably start up wind power experiments right away, giving us unlimited wind power. This would go a long way to reducing the energy crisis.

Time to “Cool” Down

By Matthew M. Imagine not having places to store cold food? What would you do with all your fresh and frozen food? It could get moldy and go bad. It would be boring and not as tasty to live on canned and dry food. Lucky for all of us that the refrigerator was invented.

Time for a Chilling History Around 500 B.C. the Egyptians and Indians made ice on cold nights by setting water out in earthenware pots and keeping the pots wet. Natural ice was harvested, distributed and used in both commercial and home applications in the mid-1800s. The ice trade between Boston and the south ended during the Civil War. When the first refrigerator was invented in 1805, some people thought it wasn’t safe. Oliver Evans made it to slow down bacterial growth and to keep foods fresh and to not have to throw it out everyday.

is because the first refrigerators in 1805 looked like a wooden old box and the same for 1923. In 1970 people started to make 2-sided refrigerators. Then in 2005 they added ice makers. Now in 2017 the refrigerator looks more modern, has tons of storage compartments, and temperature controlled drawers. Some even have shinning bright metal.

Another way it is different is because the first refrigerator was just plain in 1807 when people started buying them, and now the refrigerators have some designs. The amazing thing is it has an ice maker and water dispenser, so that means you don’t have to do anything.

You just go over to it, put your cup inside it, and it will pour ice and water into your cup.

The refrigerator changed from ammonia to freon in just a couple of years and they did that because people thought ammonia was dangerous, so that is why they changed to freon. Refrigerators improved again when they came with freezers. Isn’t that cool that you could now have 2 things to keep your food fresh? The refrigerator has changed so much since 1805 to today in 2017.

These first Refrigerators threatened the ice industry so they came up with a strategy that questioned the safety of the refrigerators.

Time for Some “Cold” Improvements The refrigerators look today than from the Evans, the creator, recognize them. One

so much different past, and Oliver would not even way it is different

Oliver Evans was the first inventor of the refrigerator in 1805.

Some New Ways of Life The invention of the refrigerator has had many positive effects on society. One positive effect it has had on society is there is less food waste because spoilage is under control. Another positive effect it has on society is food prices went down, and it helped people all around the world have nutritious foods. Another positive effect it has on society is that people can keep a variety of foods in their homes, leading to bigger menus for families. Restaurants are opened for business because they have refrigerators and freezers that can hold a lot of food to serve their customers.

The refrigerator after Innovation.

Lifetime of Changes for the Refrigerator Refrigerators have gone through many changes since they were introduced in 1805. They keep getting better and better.

The future refrigerators are going to have television with it. The fun part is you will be able to shop from the screens right on the front of the refrigerator, and the food will be shipped to your house. The refrigerator will also tell you the date and time, including a timer setting. You will also be able to

set reminders on them and create shopping lists. There is no limit to all the great things ahead for the refrigerator.

The refrigerator of ​the future.

Thanks to Oliver Evans for creating the refrigerator that has had a huge impact on people’s lives. Because of the refrigerator, there is less food waste. If we didn't have the refrigerator we wouldn't have anything to keep our food fresh! Think about all the great restaurants we go to for their delicious food! All our lives have changed for the better since the invention of refrigerator and I couldn’t imagine life without one. Now we can only imagine what the future holds for this amazing invention! It only gets better from here.

A Printing Breakthrough By: James M. Imagine a world where nobody knew how to read. Making a book by hand would take a long time. You would have to take the quill pen and start writing. If you made a mistake, you would have to start over again. What if more people wanted a copy of the book? You would have to write your book over and over again. When the printing press was invented, it made people’s lives easier.

Printing in the Olden Days The printing press may seem outdated, but it created the way of modern print.

Johannes Gutenberg was the inventor of the printing press. He invented it more than 400 years ago. Gutenberg created the printing press in Mainz Germany. He used the idea of making newspapers by hand and made it into a machine. Gutenberg made the printing press so it would be easier to print newspapers or books.

Before the printing press books were written by hand.

Improved From Printing Press Innovation has changed the printing press so much Johannes Gutenberg wouldn't notice it today. The Colombian Press was made in 1816 by George Clymer. He made it so it can print 250 copies per hour, while the printing press could only do 200 copies per hour. In 1824 Daniel Treadwell first attempted to mechanize printing. He added gears and power to wooden framed platen press and called

it the bed and platen press. Before the bed and and platen press in 1812 Friedrik Koenig invented the steam-driven printing press. His process dramatically sped up printing. It could print 400 sheets per hour.

Richard Hoe made improvements to Koenig and in 1832 he made the single small cylinder press. In 1844 Richard Hoe invented the rotary press. It could print 8,000 copies per hour.

The printing press also changed from innovation and turned into a smaller lighter and easier to control machine.

The printer took the idea of the printing press and made it so you can print from a computer. The printer prints more fluently than the printing press did. The printing press was invented in 1440 and the printer was invented in 1938, so the printing press was not changed for 498 year’s.

After the printer, in 1986 the 3D printer was invented. The 3D printer prints in 3D. It could take about 15 minutes to print a button, but it could take a couple hours to print a new phone case.

The printer changed so that it can fit into houses to make lives easier.

The printing press after it was innovated.

The Printing Press Packs a Punch

The printing press has many positive and negative influences on society. For example, the printing press offers good colors and other options. The printing press can print a slideshow for a client and a book for a modern person.

Another positive impact is it spreads the word quickly. If you had a family member far away you could get messages to them quickly. If there is big news, everybody in town could see it. The last reason is, in the 1400’s it taught people how to read. Back then not many people knew how to read.

One negative impact is the cost of the printing press. If you wanted something printed it would cost a lot of money.

Another reason is it's time consuming.

You could go run to the supermarket and come back it might be done printing by the time you get back.

The last reason is the size. The printing press couldn't fit in houses, so you would have to go somewhere and get your document printed.

The printing press created the way of modern print.

Printing New Ideas By now you will have ‘pressing’ questions about the future of the printing press. Printing all started with the printing press and it went all the way up to printing in 3D. The printing press

prints on paper but there were many changes to the printing press throughout the years. So far the latest printing device is the 3D printer which can print in 3D. The printing press only printed on paper, but that changed in a decent amount of time. The printing press changed a lot since Gutenberg's invention it went from his printing press, to a bunch of improved presses, to the printer and then to 3D printing. That’s a lot of changes! The future's looking bright for printing.

The 3D printer after the innovation of printing press and printer.

Next time you go to get something out of your printer remember how it started.

If the printing press was never invented, we wouldn’t have the printing technology we have today.

Calling All People By: Scott W. When you hear the name Alexander Graham Bell what do you think? Well if you said inventor of the telephone you were right. What if the telephone was never invented? You couldn’t contact anyone.

Well thanks to Alexander Graham Bell and the telephone you can contact people all over the world

How It Began Alexander Graham Bell invented the first telephone on June 2, 1875. In the 1870’s Alexander Graham Bell and Elisha Gray both made devices that transmit sound, so they had a legal battle. Unfortunately, for Elisha Gray he lost. After Alexander Graham Bell won the legal battle against Elisha Gray, he tried to find the success in the telegraph that he found in the telephone.

Alexander Graham Bell had invented the telephone in his lab. Alexander Graham Bell’s work was centered on his mom.

Alexander made the telephone to cure deafness for his mom.

Before innovation the telephone was a earpiece and a horn like speaker.

Improved Telephone The telephone today is a lot smaller than the telephones back then. If Alexander Graham Bell came across a telephone today he wouldn’t recognize it at all. Since 1875, when the telephone was first made it has had many improvements. In the 1890’s

the Candlestick was made and then the Rotary in the 1960’s. In the 1960’s the answering machine became popular. The answering machine would record messages on tape.

People have innovated the telephone for better technology. You don’t want to be walking around with a huge wooden box. In the beginning of the 80’s the portable phone was made. This phone looked almost identical to a TV remote.

Released in 1984, the Motorola Dynatac was the first commercially available portable phone. Unfortunately with the Dynatac you only had 30 minutes of time and it cost $3,995. Released to the public in 1996 the Motorola Startac was made. Weighing in at 3.1 ounces the Startac was a step up in trend.

Released in 2003, the Sanyo scp-5300 was the first phone to have a camera. The Sanyo's camera, compared to the cameras we have in our phones today, is pathetic.

The Sanyo had a horrible camera with a distance of 3 feet and it could only hold 10 to 15 pictures.

After that, the Palm Treo, very similar to the Blackberry, was made. Then the Nokia 5110 was made. With the Nokia you could have some fun. You could customize the faceplate. You could also play the video game snake on it. Caller ID was made so you could pick if the call was worth answering. Also so you could see who calling or if it was a prank call.

In 2007 Apple's smartphone, named iPhone, was released and now people have have awesome features like Facetime, watch videos and a computer at their fingertips!.

The telephone has evolved very much since it was first made.

Telephone’s Impact There are many benefits of the telephone.

One of the benefits to the telephone is communication. For example if you have an emergency, you can quickly contact the police, fire department, hospital and family members. Back then if something happened you would have to run to the doctors or any other person for an emergency. A second benefit for the telephone is security. For example if there's a suspicious stranger outside your house you could scare them away with your phone based alarm.

The telephone has made some negative impacts on society. One of the negative impacts are background noise. For example if you're on an important call and there's a lot of noise in the background you won’t be able to hear or understand what the person is saying. A second negative impact the telephone made was the destruction of jobs.

For example people don’t need messenger boys, telegraphers and phone operators.

The most recently made telephone.

Back to the Future For the Telephone In the next 20 years the future for the telephone is looking bright. In sci-fi movies such as Star Wars and Iron Man phones are holographic. Now people are trying to make a holographic phone a reality. People are also working on making phones flexible.

There are rumors that the iPhone 8 will be able to function with holograms. There are also rumors that the iPhone 8 will be flexible. They are planning to start making phones with environmental friendly materials. If there's an emergency, the phone will now only need 3 minutes of exposure to sunshine for a 1 minute call.

Isn't that a “bright” idea.

Next time you use a telephone think how it was invented. Think how it has been innovated in the past 150 years. Think of how it allows you to contact anyone. You can call someone if there's an emergency.

Thanks to Alexander Graham Bell you now have a device no one can live without.

Listen Up!: Headphones are Helpful By: Calleigh Q. Imagine being in the army fighting and someone needs to tell you something important. You can’t hear them. You run over to them so they can tell you. Then you run back. That would be hard and dangerous, but thanks to headphones, and Nathaniel Baldwin inventing headphones with a microphone, the army was able to listen and talk to each other, but they are helpful in many other ways today.

Headphones’ History is Music to My Ears In 1910 a very smart man sparked an idea and invented headphones. In 1910 Nathaniel Baldwin invented headphones in his very own kitchen. Baldwin invented headphones to sell them to the Navy. He wanted to sell them to the Navy, so they could listen to messages.

The history of headphones may be short , but it’s interesting.

The first headphones weighed over a pound.

Over the Y”Ears” With Headphones Do you think all headphones look the same? No. Headphones have changed so much over the years thanks to innovation. In 1910 Nathaniel Baldwin invented the first headphones. Then just 48 years later John Koss innovated Baldwins headphones, and made Beatle

Phones. Then in 1979 Sony Walkman started producing headphones called Sony Walkman headphones.

A few years later Dr. Amar Bose invented the first noise reducing headphones, because when he was on a plane he was using headphones, and he could hear everyone talking through the headphones. In 2001 Apple’s iPods started to include earbuds which people mostly use today. A few years later in 2008 Dr. Dre invented Beats By Dr. Dre and they started to sell. Then only 3 years later a German headphone company innovated headphones like almost everybody else. Although, the headphones were priced at $41,000.

Then a few years later in 2012 Apple’s earbuds were innovated by Apple and made into EarPods. Without all of the people that innovated headphones to make them more portable and ,comfortable with fewer wires and modern technology, we wouldn’t have the headphones we have today.

One of the first headphones had a bar you would hold up to your chin.

To “Hear” or Not Headphones have had an impact on society, and many are positive. One positive impact is that headphones are portable. For example they have become wireless and easier to bring with you. Another positive impact is that outside noise can’t be heard. To illustrate, if you are outside listening to

music and a kid is yelling, you won’t be able to hear the kid that is yelling. For example, if you are listening to a YouTube video and you don’t want to hear the birds, you won’t be able to because you can’t hear outside noise The last, but not least positive impact is that earbuds come with devices. For example the earbuds that come with the device probably have better quality with the device. To illustrate you won’t need to go spend time and go to a store to buy headphones. Headphones have had a positive impact on society.

There might be a lot of positive impacts on society for headphones, but there are also some negative impacts on society for headphones. One negative impact is that you can lose your hearing. For example if people use earbuds and they have the volume max all the time they can lose their hearing. Another negative impact is that people become antisocial.

For example if you are listening to music you can’t hear anyone, so you become antisocial. To illustrate, soon you won’t care if someone is talking to you. You would just continue listening to your music. Even though there are negative impacts, positives outweigh the negatives.

Remember to click the undo arrow if you mess up.

Where Do Headphones go From “Hear” ?

The future “sounds” great for headphones! The future is now.

Scientists are working on headphones that use human body communication.

They are working on them as you are

reading this. They are also working on headphones that are shaped like your ear. People will be able to control the headphones by swiping gestures. The headphones are not going to be like the headphones in the past that weighed over a pound!

John Koss headphones (Beatle phones) had sofa foam as ear padding.

Next time you pick up a pair of headphones think what has happened to headphones. Think how they have helped. Think how they could have saved your great great grandfathers or great great grandmother’s life.

Headphones have helped us alot.

Calling All Telephones!

By: Mia C. Imagine a world without the telephone. Your grandma couldn't call you on your birthday.

Back then the telegraph solved that problem, but it would take several months.

So with the invention of the telephone by Alexander Graham Bell, people can communicate across the world from the comfort of their couch cushions

Way Back In The 1870s On June 2,1876 Alexander Graham Bell first spoke into his device and said to his assistant “Mr. Watson, come here I want you!”. In doing so, Bell launched the telephone with the first ​electronic transmission of the word.

While Alexander Graham Bell received the first patent for a telephone, the history of the telephone, is complicated with Elisha Grey, Antonio Meucci of Italy, and Innocenzo Manzetti each claiming to be the telephone’s real inventor.

Alexander Graham Bell first became interested in the science of sound because his mother and wife were deaf. Two other men also claimed that they invented the telephone Elisha Gray and Antonio Meucci, but because Bell was the first to file his patent, he was the only one to produce telephones in the United states for 19 years.

Alexander Graham Bell was in Brantford, Ontario to make his first telephone sketches.

How the Telephone Changed Through the Years The telephone now is a lot smaller than the telephone back then. If Alexander Graham Bell came across a modern telephone, he wouldn’t know what it was.

In the 1930s, the candlestick phone was in two pieces. The mouthpiece formed the candlestick part, and the receiver was placed by your ear during the phone call.

This style died out in the ‘30s when phone manufacturers started combining the mouthpiece and receiver into a single unit.

In the 1950s the rotary phone become popular. To dial, you would rotate the dial to the number you wanted, and then release.

In 1963 the push button phone allowed phones to use a keypad to dial numbers and make phone calls.

In the 1980s the first cordless phone was invented, so you could walk around your house when you're on your telephone. In 1984 was the first community moblie phone.

The telephone has improved since the first telephone.

The Telephone’s Impact The telephone has a lot of benefits. One benefit is communication. For example you can communicate with people across the world. Another benefit is that you can communicate wherever you want. For example when you're on a beach and you need to find a food place because your kids are hungry.

There are some negative impacts on society of the telephone. One of the negative impacts on society is the destruction of jobs. For example people really don’t need messenger boys, telegraphers, and ironically operators.

Another negative impact on society is driving. For example too many people text and drive, which you can get into accidents and you could be hurt.

My Grandma’s telephone.

Flexing Future The future's looking bright for the telephone!

In movies like Iron Man and Star Wars, holograms have been a regular feature in sci-fi and fantasy films, but how close are we to being able to having touch free technology on phones? Holographic phones could one day become reality. Especially if the holoflex prototype showcased by researchers from Queen’s University in Canada is anything to go by. As the name tells us, the HoloFlex is both holographic and is flexible, allowing users to bend the phone to see the 3D display from many angles and interact with the images on the screen. It is being talked about as the world’s first holographic, flexible smartphone. The HoloFlex is still in development and won’t be available anytime soon.

For a long time now, phone companies have talked about creating a smartphone that is so strong that it can actually be folded in half by the user. One vision was Nokia’s The Morph phone, which was showcased back in 2008 and promised to “transform the user’s experience”. Designed

by Tapani Tyhanen, who was director and head of Nokia’s research Center Laboratory in Cambridge, The Morph could be folded, bent and reshaped to suit the user’s needs.

You could snap The Morph apart, and slot in additional parts to change the way you use the phone. The Morph could be wrapped around your wrist, transformed into a GPS-enabled belt clip for hiking and other sports, or used as a flat screen for watching YouTube.

Similarly, Samsung has been showing off flexible concept phones at trade shows for

years now, but so far, the closest it’s come to bringing the technology to market was the Galaxy Round smartphone. Back in 2011, Julius Tarng designed the Modai, a modular handset aiming to turn your smartphone into your best friend. This companion device was inspired by human behaviors and designed to help users bond with it. The Modai phone would greet you in the morning, and keep silent at night, and would adapt to different situations in much the same way a human would. So if you overslept, it would create a faster route to work using its GPS, or if you visited a new place, it would recommend things to do. The Modai also had a special avatar to represent your mood, which would have emojis seem significantly less exciting has this phone ever made it to market.

Modern Cell Phone.

Next time you need to call someone, think about how the telephone changed. Think about how it changed your life. Think about how much people use it everyday.

A Beam of Light By: Matthew A. What kind of laser do you think of when you hear the word laser? Ruby red laser?

Helium Neon laser? Or did you even know there were different kinds of lasers? This life changer was invented by Gordon Gould and Arthur Schawlow.

Going Back In Time At the Speed of Light The laser was created around 70 years ago

by Gordon Gould. Gordon Gould had the idea of the laser, but couldn’t get it modeled and be called the inventor of the laser.

Arthur Schawlow was the person to get it modeled and be called the inventor of the Laser.

The first laser was a ruby red rod with spiral glass to keep the atoms inside the rod. The laser worked by unexcited atoms and excited atoms to create a beam of light. The problem was that the laser didn’t work because the atoms needed something to bounce off, so they put a mirror at the back of the rod for the atoms to bounce off. This created a beam of light with a push of a button which opens up the latch in the laser to let the light free. It was firstly invented to treat sores on the person’s skin. In the future when Innovation took its place the first laser surgery came in at around 1970-1980 when the laser was used to help cut a man’s tumor off.

The first laser had a ruby rod to hold the energy inside the laser.

How the Laser Changed Innovation changed the laser in so many ways. The first ruby red laser was invented in 1960, which gave a big beam of red light, powerful enough to make someone blind. It was too big and had a spiral glass around it with a big base to keep the laser standing up. The first laser was big and whacky.

Then the helium neon laser came in around 1960. The change was that the light travels further than the ruby red laser without fading.

In 1962, the semiconductor injector laser was invented. This is the laser we mostly use today. In 1964, the carbon dioxide laser was invented. The laser ran on carbon dioxide instead of the gases in the air.

Sometimes the atoms didn’t mix with the gases in the air, but carbon dioxide mixes with the atoms in the laser really well to create a beam of light. Later on, different kinds of lasers were created that do different things such as special effects for a party or for experiments and surgeries and so on.

The first ruby laser improvement called the helium neon laser made the light travel further than the ruby red laser.

How the Laser Effects Modern Day There are many benefits to the laser. For example the laser was first used for treatments. For example it was used for treating tumors until they can get to a doctor to get the tumor cut off. It was also used for helping with basic surgeries like laser eye

surgery. Another example is that the laser helps with construction. The laser helps dig holes or cut metal beams. The last reason that the laser is good is that the laser works in the military. The laser helps track down airplanes, missiles, ships and submarines.

However there is a con to the laser. For example, the laser disabled satellites during times of war. This was bad because the military couldn’t get intel on incoming vehicles. It was also bad because the military wouldn’t know if a missile was coming towards them. Although it didn’t take long to fix that problem, it was a still a problem.

The laser can also make modern day computers even better. The design would be even better when they create laser keyboards. The computer wouldn't take up as much space as it used to thanks to lasers.

Star Trek may become a reality with lasers healing wounds and broken bones. Doctors have already started using lasers in the brain to remove tumors that have formed inside the skull.

Nuclear scientists have been studying on nuclear power will be supplied by fusion, but fusion takes a humongous initial force.

Scientists have been studying that lasers might be able to cause fusion with the nuclear power.

The laser has been used for many more things since the first laser was invented like laser eye surgery.

A Beam Through the Future The future of the laser is a big change to the world. The future of the laser can be good or it can be bad. It might make holographic objects or it can be so strong it can destroy the whole world. Yes it's true that the laser might be able to make holographic objects.

In around 20 years it might be apart of every household. The laser might be able to make holographic televisions, but the television would also have to project a holographic picture with up to 500 channels so that would take a long time to make. The holographic object would arrive in your house perfectly made just for the person who got it. How big you want it, how you want it, even what color you want it.

The laser in the future may or may not look like this it may look way different!

The next time you use a laser just remember the creators of this wonderful invention. Arthur Schawlow and Gordon Gould worked endless of hours, but in the end they created a life saver.

Good “News” You're Watching The Television!

By: Emily P. Imagine a life without the television. It would be boring without it.

You wouldn’t know what the weather is for the week and you wouldn’t get to watch cartoons. Thanks to Philo Farnsworth for inventing the television because now everybody could watch cartoons! But if you watch too much tv, or more than 3 hours of television, it can lead to bad behavior and also addictions to the television if you watch too much of it .

Some “News’’ About the History You might be wondering who was the inventor of the first TV. Guess what! It was Philo Farnsworth. Philo Farnsworth successfully made the first television in a farm up in the attic in Idaho. The TV was made in 1927. Why was the television invented? Good ‘’News’’! It was invented so people can be entertained for most of the day. How does the television work? The television works by electronic images and a television camera, television signal, and scanning tube of designs.

The first television invented by Philo Farnsworth.

Some “News’’ About Improvements Of The Television Think all TV are all the same size .Think again. The television back when Philo Farnsworth made his first television in

1927 was so much different from the television in your living room. Back then when the first television was invented, it did not have color. In 1940 the television was improved by having color, adding commercials between shows, and there were two types of televisions: the tabletop and the console.

Another improvement was in 1972. It improved by having a wider screen that connected to the satellite. It was the last year of having large black and white screen, and you can play video games.

Another improvement was in 1980. The third improvement was that you can finally watch your favorite moves with your families. Also you can watch your favorite programs on your own time table and they added programs on the tv such as Roseanne and The Cosby Show. The last improvement for the television was in 2000. It improved by the DVD player taken over the family theater. Technology enabled television to make better pictures and larger screens and also to save room in your house.

Some ‘’News’’About The Television There are a lot of advantages and disadvantages of the television. One example is if children are having trouble learning in school and need more help, if you had the television it can help with learning. For example, if you go on the National Geographic program you can learn about different animals. Another example is the television can also help you learn different languages. Also another reason is it helps people be entertained by the programs on the television. There are also a lot

disadvantages about the television. One reason is that if you watch too much television or watch more than 3 hours of television you or your child can have bad behavior and get low grades in school. Another reason is if your child is watching bad things, such as fake guns and fake kitchen knifes and hurting each other, they can do the same things what your teen or kid is watching on television. Another reason is that many people fear of brainwashing because of watching too much television. People eat too much junk food and drink bad drinks at adult parties.

This is the newest television coming out soon !

Some ‘’News’’ About The Future In a couple years when the new television comes out it will make you become a ‘’couch potato’’. One reason why you are going to love this new television is that Netflix and Amazon are now offering 4K streaming, BT, Sky and Virgin are all making more sports programs and movies you can get on their platforms. Another reason is that the new television has the drift of the full HD TV’s to the Ultra HD TV’s. The Ultra HD television puts eight million pixels on

the television screen. That is four full HD TV’s, which two million is in the camera is eight million megapixels.

This all the television improvements till 1927 to now .

As you can see, the television is a very popular invention. People have been entertained by it, and even some people have more than one television in there house. Also it had a big impact on society and a lot of improvements.

Cell Phone: The Communicating Genius

By Savannah S. Smartphones?

Mobile phones? iPhones? Is it the telephone? Is it a computer? Is it a personal assistant?

NO! It is the amazing cell phone. The only thing that can do all these things in one. It helps a million times more with communication.

Calling All History Have you ever wondered about the cellular telephone? The first cellphone was made in the US in 1973 by Martin Cooper, an engineer for Motorola. He invented the cell phone so that people could communicate faster and to put a computer at your fingertips. He did this by combining the idea of a telephone and a computer.

The first cell phone did not have a screen or games.

Wonderful Changes The cellphone has not only been changed by technology, it has been changed by design and features. Apple phones are a great example of this.

Marter Cooper would not ever recognize the cellphones of today.

One huge change is the size of a cell

phone. At first, a cell phone was the size of a newborn baby. Can You imagine that? In 1989, Motorola made the cell phone portable, and also made a 12 button keypad, calculator, and a menu of options.

In the beginning, cell phones were only meant for talking. But the mid 90s was a huge time of evolution for the mobile phone industry. The clamshell styled phone was introduced and paved the way for the flip phone. Flip phones then led to the creation of satellites GMS phones which were the first phones that had the power to call anyone in the world. Next to come was the digital touchscreen in 1997. The digital touchscreen acted as a pocket computer with a pen like thing called a stylus, a better keypad and even more technology. In 2007, the iPhone was born and forever changed how we looked at cell phones.

Hardware Is a term for technology.

Talk, Games, and Fun The cell phone has many impacts on society. With the cell phone you can never get lost. For example you have every map in the world in the tap of an app. People can get any information at their fingertips in a flash. For example,

you can ask Siri or Google anything and get your answer without waiting. You can go to iTunes and download games or movies to keep you busy and help you have fun.

But it’s not all fun, there are many negative effects on society because of the cell phone. One example is that people are not socializing in person as much. They are only texting to one another and sometimes calling. One other example is people are looking at their phones while driving which can cause serious injuries or even death because if you were looking at your phone and not at the road, then you could still be going on a red light and someone could crash into you.

New phones have GPSs.

All thanks to Marter Cooper we do not just have a phone we have a communication genius in your pocket.

Cell phones make the world go round.

Smartphone, iPhone, Holograms,I-phone 8,And So Much More.

In every call a new cell phone is being made for you. One example of what the future of cellphones is they might be bendy. Also the life of Marble and Star wars holograms are in our future - how awesome is that! One more example is that phones might be able to be on you hand as a watch, and so much more.

There’s a Heat Wave!

By: Laylah A. Behold the fantastic and helpful appliance… the microwave! Imagine life without a microwave. It would take forever to heat up meals and to cook meals. Every night asking mom “Is dinner ready yet?” Well thanks to Percy Spencer and his company for inventing and selling the microwave. The microwave changed cooking for many people around the world and made lives easier for people.

Back In The Day With The Historic Microwave Percy Spencer invented the microwave by accident. In 1945 when Percy Spencer was working for Raytheon (a research company), he was making a radar for World War II, so he stood in front of his magnetrons, and he noticed his chocolate bar had melted in his pocket. He thought to himself, that the heat wave from the magnetrons melted the chocolate bar, so he put popcorn and an egg in front of the device. He noticed the popcorn popped and the egg exploded, and he said this magnetron actually works! In 1947 the microwave was made. Percy Spencer and his company decided to sell the microwave for $1,300. The first microwave was a lot different from a microwave today.

The first microwave was 5 feet tall and weighed 750 pounds.

The Changes Throughout The Years...

Do you think all microwaves look the same?

Well you thought wrong. The microwave

changed a lot throughout the years. In 1945 the microwave was almost as big as a refrigerator, which was 750 pounds compared to the microwave today which weighs 35-39 pounds (that’s almost as big as a 1 year old baby!)

Today most microwaves come in different colors, sizes, and power outputs, and you can also put your microwave in different spots such as on top of your stove, built in kitchen units, and some sit on the kitchen work - top. Seventy years later the microwave can heat up last nights chinese food and grill food. In 1947 people around the world only made food in the microwave and didn't heat up leftovers.

In 1965, Raytheon and Amana (Amanaappliance company) teamed up and worked together to make an even better microwave (Amana was well known in kitchen appliances). Raytheon developed the first countertop microwave to use in homes.

They sold the microwave as part of the Amana line. The cost of the microwave was just $500! The product became a great success!

In 1967 a company called Litton (Litton- a restaurant business) invented the first microwave that had numbers, a clock, a timer, and buttons (which was the microwave we see today). The microwave was $500 and under and was safer than the first microwave.

In 1975 17% of all homes in Japan were cooking meals in the microwave and 14% of the United States cooked meals in the microwave. In 1976 the microwave became a huge success and was a great appliance.

Let’s Time Travel With The Microwave!

The first microwave was called the Radarange. ​Positive and Negative Effects on

Society

The microwave has many positive effects on society. The microwave saves time to cook food. It only takes 30 seconds to cook most foods such as left overs and to melt butter and chocolate. The microwave helps people’s problems for cooking. Instead of waiting for chicken to defrost, just put it in the microwave and you and your family can have a delicious teriyaki chicken with rice for dinner. The microwave can heat up food easily and quickly. Instead of heating up leftovers in the oven you can heat it up in the microwave for 30 seconds! The microwave can also cook your food evenly.

This can save your risk of having illness.

The microwave is perfect for cooking, but of course it has some negative effects and problems on society. You’ve probably been told before “Don't stare at the microwave!”

Well the reason that comes to be, is because the microwave can cause blindness and cancer if you stare at it.

Another negative effect is that the microwave can cause a deadly disease and make people very sick. The microwave can also affect many family traditions because instead of cooking food on the stove and having a homemade dinner the microwave does it for you. Next time you use a microwave make sure you don't put metal in it! The metal can heat up and catch on fire!

The microwave can sometimes turn out to be in bad shape. It makes food soggy and soft when they should be crispy, but helps people who can't cook. That’s when a company decided to make a new and better microwave that could heat up food faster, make food crispy when they should be. The company also decided to get rid of magnetrons and replace it with a new radio, so people around the world have a less chance of getting an illness. The company says they're planning to be making a new design, and they're finally going to allow microwaves to brown foods.

This improvement can make lives easier. For example instead of cooking meals at different times you can put the meal in, all at once! The world doesn't know that much about the future, but what we do know is that the microwave is going to change in many ways.

This microwave can turn out to be in the future- this machine can change cooking for many people around the world.

If the microwave didn’t change since 1965 the world would be heating up their food in a 6 feet tall and 750 pound microwave. As you can see the microwave is a helpful and great appliance. Next time you make your dinner in the microwave think how it can change in the future.

Rolling Around By :Michael P. Imagine a world without wheels how would you get around faster?

Rolling Around Back around 3500 B.C the Ancient Sumerians did not build the first wheel.The first wheel was not used for transportation. It was used for heavy loads.The earliest wheels in North America were used for toys.The oldest wooden wheel was discovered maybe so far found in ljubljana.The wheel was used extensively and improved upon throughout history. The invention of the wheel and axle allowed the rolling of a log to be placed through a hole in a wheel to create a cart.

The wheel we have now it is nothing close to the wheel back then.

Improvements of the Wheel Without wheels we can't get around faster.

Then they said something needs to be done.

Then in 1791 James Macomb created the wheel. Then he changed it in 1836 for the U.S. Navy.

Then in 1940 Vera Cruz changed it in Mexico. Then in 2001 John Keogh in Australia made it with rubber what we have now.

advanced, helping with trading items and goods.

This allowed societies to progress. Today, the invention of the wheel remains one of the best innovations as it still helps in times of war, import and export industries, as well with our transportation industry.

Just think what our lives would be like without cars, planes, bikes, and trains. The wheel has definitely changed our lives and has made our world a better place to live.

The wheel in the present is now all you see on the road.

The Future of the Wheel The wheel of the future will be connect to the car to make the wheel turn, so it could self drive. There are possibilities the wires could catch on fire and burn the car, down but there can be good things. Your arms wouldn't be tired from holding the steering wheel.

How the Wheel Impacted Society The wheel impacted our society in many ways.

In Ancient Civilization the wheel allowed societies to win battles and takeover land.

Chariots allowed transportation for supplies and people. As civilizations advanced the wheel also

The first wheel was actually in the show the Flintstones.

Without a world with wheels it would be hard to get around places. The elderlies couldn't

get around the hospital in a wheelchair.

Talking Tech By Your Side

By Annabelle D. Do you have a PDA, Alexa or Siri system? Are you becoming lazy? Do you depend on your PDA for your life? If so, stop and take a break for a while. If you do not, you could have a fire! Will you go get it, or will you forget about it and run out? This is why you should not depend on the PDA system for your life.

Inventing a Talking Genius Speaker Scott Hutton invented the PDA system, this invention was invented around the 1980’s. Also it was made in an Apple factory. Although it was made in a factory, it was made by mistake. An iPhone was messed up, but it could do just about everything like turn on lights, turn on music. It can even order you a pizza. There are more interesting things than you thought. Right?

Pros Of The PDA The PDA system has had some positive impacts on society. One positive impact on society is the PDA is pocket size.

You can take it wherever you go and you can look up anything anywhere.

Another reason is it is just a lot of apps and tech in one. You can go on any website and play any game. The last reason is it is easy to keep track of your notes. You can keep your notes in the palm of your hand and you can look at your notes at any time anywhere.That is a lot of advantages.

The first PDA was made by mistake.

The PDAs Future The PDAs future is” looking up”. Some things the PDA will do is it will be both bluetooth and wifi and not just one of them. Another future improvement is the PDA is turning into furniture. The last future improvement is no monthly fees.

You can pay all in one bunch when you get it. There is even more future improvements to the PDA but that is for another time.

The first pda system improved since it was made.

So, after all the information about the PDA, maybe the next time you turn on your Alexa or say “hey Siri” you will think about how the PDA has changed so much throughout the years.

Getting Fit With The Bit By: Matthew P. What is in the FitBit? What does a WW2 lie detector, a GPS tracking, Bill Clinton, Dungeons and Dragons, airbags, a thermometer, and a phone, all have to do with a FitBit. Well James Park put together sensors and wires and turned them into what we know now as the FitBit.

Good For the People?

There are many advantages to the FitBit​. ​One advantage to the FitBit is that the fat burn zone tells you how much fat you have burned. Another advantage to the FitBit is that it vibrates when you've reached your steps goal. Not everybody’s goal is 10,000 steps. Some people start lower.

Getting Fit Back In Time Another advantage to the FitBit is that it tells you when you The FitBit was invented by James Park with thought that reached your cardio and peak. Another advantage to the people should think more about if they are not fit. The FitBit FitBit is that it monitors your sleep to tell you and your doctor was made with other inventions, and innovations. The FitBit how much sleep you’ve gotten. took some of the sensors from the inventions and innovations, and made it so you get notifications.

There are some disadvantages to the FitBit. One disadvantage is that people have a bad habit of looking at their calories too much and they don’t burn any because Innovation the FitBit now looks very they just sitting there eating their Big Mac and looking at different. The FitBit’s system, and their calories. Another disadvantage to the FitBit is that when looks have changed. you are riding your bike it does not track what you are doing, so you do a more intense workout then you are suppose to do so when you are done you look like a lobster.

Another disadvantage to the FitBit is that certain body Say What? movements can fool the FitBit like waving your hand or The FitBit’s technology has changed. Originally a pedometer shaking your hand. would be strapped to your belt or waistband. The FitBit tracks steps, distance, calories burned and how many New And Approved minutes you have been active each day. The first pedometer The future of the FitBit is right around the corner. The next was made in 1780. The pedometer only measured steps and model of the FitBit will tell you to move or to exercise more. It distance. It’s not like fitness trackers today. will also send notifications to your phone and tell you how In 2011 Eric and James decided to release a FitBit that had much deep sleep you have gotten. They may even combine an altimeter so people could know the time. In 2012 the that with a smartwatch or even an Apple watch. famous time for the FitBit Flex the upgrades is what separated FitBit from other wearable tech products. In 2013 FitBit released their first wearable wristband model. In 2015 FitBit announced that its IPO was 4 billion.

On some fitness trackers, they have made innovations to the technology to allow you to play games, but playing games on your FitBit is not always the best thing. FitBit’s aren't used to play games. They are used to help you to stay healthy and not to be as fat as a sumo wrestler. And trust me you don’t want to be as fat as a sumo wrestler. Enough with the fooling around, let's get back to business.

Lighting effects on the future FitBit may attract more customers.

The innovation of the fitbit is amazing.

In conclusion, being healthy doesn’t come to mind for a lot of people. A FitBit can help remind people to exercise while making it fun. The FitBit started out simple with just tracking steps and can now do so much more like track your heart rate and sleep. It has helped so many people become so much more active. There is no telling how the future of this great i​nvention will continue.

Listen Up! Sound Is All Around By: Ashley E.

Now Hear This!!!

Thanks to Thomas Edison for making the first phonograph. He made recording sounds possible! Many other inventors improved his idea. Who knew the phonograph would be the father to so many other inventions?

Tape Recorder ​is what is used to record sound and music

There may be positive benefits on society, but there are also negatives too.

The iPods are so small they can fall and break. It’s fragile, so kids should not be playing or running with them. The iPod and the MP3 players come with headphones. If you play the music too loud all the time you can damage your ears and lose some of your hearing.

This is what recorded sound looks like recorded anything you want and save it forever. .

Hey Listen Up In 1850, Edouard Leon Scott de Matinvill was able to record sound. In 1850 Leon Scott de Martinville invented the phonautograph which then over the years became known as recorded sound. Over the years it has changed to many different inventions.

Can You Hear the Future?

The future sounds great for recording sound!! More inventions will be made for recording and playing back sound. The inventions will be better and easier for people to use.

From the phonograph we then had the record player and tape recorder. The Cd player is a mini record player that is smaller in size. You can play CD’s in your car. We now have MP3 players, iPods, and iTunes that we use to listen to our music.

Finally the Phonograph There are many benefits of recorded sound. One benefit is it can be used for entertainment. When you are bored, you can listen to music. Not only that you can also sing along or play along. It has also been improved many times, so you will never get bored of the old one.

It's basically been improved every year.

It also comes in many different sizes so you can carry it with you.

This is the phonograph that started all of this.

Imagine having the same recorded sound Edison made by creating the phonograph.

Edison recorded songs, the first song he recorded was Mary Had A Little Lamb.

Since the first phonograph was invented many other inventors improved the original one and made recording easier. Today we can record sound wherever we are because the recording devices are so small.

Looking Up the Tablet By: Grant H. Imagine a world without a tablet. It would be hard to look something up or play a game or do research. But with the tablet, you can do all these things and more.

The Info of the Past The Gridpad was the first tablet, and it had a stylist, and all you could do is write on it. This tablet was created by the Rands Corporation.The second tablet you could draw on, but other then that there was nothing else to do. But when the iPod was invented in 2000, it changed tablet so much that it has a touch screen and and you can play games on it. Apple sold sold more than 100 million tablets in 2012. They are trying to think of someway to improve the tablet.

This Gridpad is the first tablet in the world you could only write and draw.

From Old to New From the Gridpad to the iPad this invention has had many changes. When the Gridpad was first invented it had a stylist and you could write on it, but now the iPad has touch screen and you could play games. Also you can search a lot of info on Safari, Internet Explorer and Google Chrome, but it took a lot of years to make this tablet from 1989 to 2000.

In 1989 through 1996 the tablet got a touch screen and more battery life. It also could sync into your computer.

This update was a very big update for the tablet.

Tablets can be used to search up information or to play a game.

Looking Up Society The iPad has had a big impact on society. People use this portable device everyware. There are some benefits of the tablet. Sometimes people order stuff like food, equipment, gear and even cars. Also it is a good

tool for doctors and classrooms. For example doctors can walk around easily with the tablet. In the classroom kids can use apps downloaded by teachers to help them learn or they can watch educational videos so they can learn about science, math and lots of other things.

Even though there are benefits there are some downsides to the tablet. One is someone can hack into your account and do bad stuff to you. The second thing is it can be bad to your eyes and cause problems to your eyes. The last thing is you can become addicted to the iPad.

There is more to do on the tablet then you think like play games,use apps and texting.

To the Future In the future the tablet will be improved and changed from today. The tablet will be if you have somewhere to go then it will play your ringtone and tell you where to go. It can turn into a computer, so it is a 2 in 1 tablet. At the end of the day or when you run out of charge it self charges itself by using solar energy. There is going to be a lot more than that in the future. Maybe it will not break so easily when you drop it,m or if you lose it, then you will have a remote that tells you where it is.

The tablet we have today has a lot more improvements than the Gridpad.

As you can see the tablet has helped a lot of people from one person to a big business. The tablet was created for many purposes.

Bouncing Around With Dr. Naismith By: Dillon H. Imagine a world without basketball. Did you ever go to the park and get bored just going down the slides? You wanted something else to do. Then across the field you saw a ball and a peach basket and you were thinking what can you do with it. So then you left the basket and you took the ball about 6 ft away and you shot it in and you thought about a new sport called basketball. Imagine a world without basketball!

Bouncing Back In Time!

A Canadian invented basketball. Dr. James Naismith is the man who invented the basketball. He invented the game basketball in 1891. He put different sports together, such as baseball, football, and hockey and it slowly evolved into the game fans know today, as basketball.

the court. Backboards were invented in 1893 and were originally made from chicken wire. In 1904 they made the wooden backboard.

The Ball: Basketball was originally played with a soccer ball. The ball was changed to a ball made of leather with stitching.

Women’s Basketball: The rules for women's basketball were made in 1892 by Senda Berenson and introduced at Smith College.

The new basketball.

Basketball’s Impact On Society The first basketball.

Basketball has changed in many ways.

Baskets: ​The basket has changed in many different ways. The game was originally played with peach baskets. These peach baskets had no holes in the bottoms and someone would have to get on a ladder to retrieve the ball every time it was thrown in the basket. In 1892 it changed from peach baskets to wire rim baskets, but the bottom was still closed. It wasn't until 1906 that the bottom of the netting was cut to let the ball fall through to the floor.

Backboards: Before backboard the basket was attached to a 10 foot pole. There were no rebounds and the fans would interfere with the game because the ball would keep bouncing off

Basketball helps you burn calories while you are running. Another benefit is building up your muscles. Basketball helps you build up your muscles doing drills. Additionally basketball is not just played in one season like NFL football, and MLL lacrosse. Basketball can be played year round. Now there are basketball courts indoor and outdoors. There is one drawback to basketball. There are many people who get injuries .

Basketball’s Future The game of basketball has so many possibilities. What if it were played on a water court ? Or maybe even on the moon? Maybe they will have the NBA for kids! I'm glad I am only 9 years old so I can be around for a long time to see what happens in this amazing sport!

There were many innovations in basketball. I can’t imagine if we still had peach baskets and chicken wire for the baskets. I can’t imagine what basketball will be like in 20 years! I can't wait to find out!

The Heat Wave By: Lucas C. What appliance in your Time for a Wave on Impact on Society kitchen has a ​magnetron? The microwave of course! There are some benefits to the microwave oven. One The microwave is easier to cook with. The microwave benefit is that the microwave oven heats food has made cooking easier for so many people. quickly. This can save people time, as the microwave can heat meals in minutes. Another benefit is that the microwave can prevent people from getting sick by Time for a Wave of History The microwave was made by accident. The cooking food thoroughly. You can also use the microwave is about 70 years old. The microwave was microwave to defrost frozen foods. made at the military base.The microwave was discovered by Percy Spencer who did not control There are some negative things about microwaves when he made the microwave. Spencer was testing too. One thing is you can get sick from it if the food is the magnetron radar and there was a candy bar in his not cooked enough. Another thing is that when you pocket. The magnetron melted the candy bar and he have a microwave it decreases your family time together preparing meals, since now you can just realized that it could cook food. heat it up with the microwave. Lastly, one dangerous The first microwave cost $3000 in issue is that if you put metal or metallic in your microwave it will catch on fire. the U.S

Time for a Wave of Improvements The first microwave was invented in 1946. The current microwave is different from the one in the past. The first microwave used to look like an oven, and it had confusing buttons. Now the buttons on microwaves are labeled, and it's easier to heat up food. The first microwave cost $3000 in the U.S., but now they cost a lot less.

Raytheon filed a patent on October 8, 1945 for a microwave cooking oven, eventually named the Radarange. In 1967, a company called Litton invented the first short microwave for $495. In 1967, the microwave was a 100-volt microwave oven, which cost just under $500 and was smaller, safer and more reliable than previous models. In 1967, the first counter top microwave was invented and it cost $495.

In 1975, 17% of the population in Japan had a microwave. In 1986, 25% of the homes in America owned a microwave. In 1997, 90% of American households ​owned a microwave.

The second microwave cost $1300.

The first microwave oven was about 750 pounds.

Time for The Future Wave Microwave ovens have changed since they were first introduced in 1946. As the years go on, microwaves continue to change. The future microwave ovens will be able to heat up food more quickly and they're not going to be soggy any more. The new microwave ovens have the time on the top and the temperature.

We won't have magnetrons in the microwave oven anymore. We can use radio frequency emitters. The new RF emitters will be able to isolate the location and the power of bursts of energy cooking food better.

The person who created microwaves is Percy Spencer.

In conclusion, the microwave oven helps a lot of people in the world but some things will change about the microwave in the future. Who knows what the microwave oven will be like in 100 years?

The End of Poor Information By:Paul P.

Imagine a world without a computer?

You wouldn’t have information that you need, but innovation has changed that. It went from the relay computer to the PC. Now you can go on computers and search the research you need. On computers you can even do communication.

There are many different kinds of computer., This one is the military computers. It is used for hacking into enemy facilities.

Long Ago When Computers Were Fat The first computer was created by Charles Barbbage. It was created in the 1976, and it was called the relay computer. It was literally an old TV screen with a keyboard connected to it.

The first computer weighed a lot more than the ones today

The Computer is Better The computer is getting better every day. the computer has changed a lot from the relay computer. The first improvement of the computer is in 1979 and it was word processing by micro international. It was called Word Star.

The Computer Helps There are advantages for the computer.

One advantage is that the computer lets you browse the web and more. You can play video games, listen to music and watch movies. With the computer you can do typing and print it. You can do school work that you need to do on a computer.

The computer has some negative impacts on society. The computer has a lot of health issues to adults and kids.

Some health issues of the computer are wrist and finger pain, and the computer can also cause blurred vision. So many people on the internet is dangerous.

Some dangerous things about the computer are viruses, spyware, threats and stealing personal files and information. The computer might have many advantages, but it also has disadvantages too.

The Computer is Getting Way Better The future of the computer is bright. They are starting to make computers that are virtual.

Almost half of the world has computers, and they are very fast, and they are a lot of money. The computer of the past may be bad, but it is becoming way better than you think.

The computer has changed into better models and are faster.

Next time you're using a computer think about all the advantages and negative

things. It will help you more than you think.

TABLET TALK!!!

By: Alana O. Imagine a world without the tablet.

Even though the tablet can hurt your eyes, the benefit is greater than the risk.

It is a great learning tool for children.

History of the Tablet Alan Kay was the first person to invent the tablet in 1968. He thought it would be a good learning tool for school children. It was made by mini computer components with a touch screen.

One of the first tablets was the GRiDPad. It weighed 5 pounds.

a lot of advantages about the tablet.

However, there are some cons to the tablet. The first is they strain your eyes.

Another thing recommended, is kids under 12 should not have, and/or play on them! Which is weird because I'm 9 and I have an iPad. There are not many cons, but there are some.

The Electronic Future The future's looking bright for the tablet.

One thing they're working on making are flexible tablet designs. They will fit into your pocket with little risk of damage. There are many other things to come in the future!

Time to improve From the GRiDPad in 1968, to the iPad in 2010, tablets have changed a lot. In 1989 the GRiDPad could only be written on. Now in 2017 the iPad is a full touch screen. You can play games.

You can communicate through text on the tablet. The tablet has changed in so many different ways!

Society and the Tablets There are many advantages to the tablet. One is you can do your homework on the tablet. This saves trees used to make paper and oxygen which we breath. If we do our homework on the tablet, then we can live longer lives. Another benefit of the tablet is it is easily transported. This means you can still have a huge touch screen with you at all times. The last thing is hospitals use tablets, so they don't have to carry a computer around all day. See there are

Innovation has changed the tablet a lot

There are many more things to do on a tablet then just play games! Tablets are good for learning stuff and other things too! Since 2010 the tablet has changed a lot.

PDA to the Rescue By: Gianna L. Behold the best soul alive, the one that calls Pizza Hut and answers questions and plays music...Alexa! The PDA. She is right there by your side every day, hour, minute, second. She is a good partner to have. Alexa has made life easier.

The Birth of the PDA The PDA started as a part of a secret project and ended up as a hit. In fall 2014 a small group of men and women at Lab126 created the voice control speaker. Also known as the PDA .It was made to play music and answer questions. It was made out of a screenless cylinder just over 9 inches tall and 3.25 inches in diameter.

This was the first PDA. It was a Black Berry.

Siri vs. Alexa Google? Cortana? Triby? Remember those names? Maybe some, but most of them not.

Alexa and Siri I am sure you know those names.

Now the moment you all been waiting for…

Alexa vs. Siri! Alexa is not built into a phone, but Siri is. They both need wifi to work. Siri can change genders. Alexa can not. Alexa and Siri are both PDA. Siri was the first PDA to enter mainstream. Alexa did not. Alexa and Siri you always have to say hey Siri or hey Alexa to talk to them. Siri talks different languages, but Alexa can not. Siri and Alexa can both answer almost any question you want. Alexa can switch her name to Echo Dot. Siri can not switch her name at all.

The second PDA was called Triby.

How the PDA Changed the World There are lots of advantages to a PDA. For example it can connect to any device. You can listen to music off of Alexa that is coming from your phone. Another example would be it carries your appointments. It has all your contacts and phone numbers, so you can say “hey Alexa, text Jimmy”. Another example would be it provides music, ebooks, apps, videos, web browsing, and more.

There are not a lot of cons, but there are some.

One example is that it carries personal data.

Someone could break into your house and say “hey Alexa, give me all phone numbers and contacts”. Another reason is that it can make you lazy. You could write your Uncle a letter, or you can say “hey Alexa, text Uncle”. One last reason is that the battery life is relatively low. You have to charge it daily.

This is Alexa the PDA.

The Newest Family Member Everyone is “talking” about the future for Alexa.

Soon you will find PDA’s in many bathrooms, bedrooms, and cars. PDA’s will become quieter.

Detection of false 911 calls will be added, since people are telling Alexa to call 911 because they are dieing, but are really not. PDA’s will even be built into household products such as refrigerators, lamps, and tables. With all this advancement, Alexa will be the newest member of everyone's family.

Alexa has helped a lot of people in need of fast information. No longer will we need to pull up a web browser and type out a question on Google.

Alexa has all the knowledge our fast demand world needs. Just ask and she will answer. Time to close out of your seach engines and just talk!

The Communicator By Your Side

By Sydney Z. Imagine a life without cell phones it would be hard to communicate with people. You would have to wait to get home and use the home phone. You can write a letter, but that would take a long time. Thanks to Martin Cooper for inventing the cell phone and making it easier to communicate with people around the world. The cell phone is also like a mini computer at your fingertips.

Calling All History of the Cell Phone Martin Cooper invented the cellphone.He invented the cell phone in the AT&T lab. He also invented the cell phone so people can communicate easier He also made the first cell phone call when he was 85 years old on April 2, 1973. The cell phone was also called the mobile phone.The cellphone is also used to connect business calls.

The second cell phone was a lot smaller than the first cell phone. When the second cell phone came out, it was the flip phone and only the numbers were covered. There are also slide phones when the phone slides up to show the letters.

In 2000`s Apple came out with the Apple cell phone.The iphone comes in many sizes and colors.

The most recent iphone is the iphone 7, 7s and 7plus. People are saying there is going to be an iphone 8 and it will be flexible.

The first cell phones were big and bulky.

charge that is so cray now the cell phone only takes up to 2 or 3 hours to charge. Now that is a lot better.

The cell phone also changed the shape. Now the shape is a lot smaller, and it can fit in your pocket.

However in 1983 the Motorola DynaTAC 8000x arrived to market. The cell phone has changed a lot of shape since it came out. In 1980 the first cell phone came out and cost 4,000 dollars. In June 29, 2007 the first iPhone came out and they only cost a couple hundred of dollars.

Calling All People There is some positivity about the cell phone. One reason why the cell phone is positive because it helps people stay in touch if they are in danger or need help. Also if he or she wanted to stay in touch with friends or family. Another reason why the cell phone is positive is because of a tracking app. Say you have a child and they are old enough to go out you can give them the tracking app to make sure they are safe. The last reason why it is positive because you can look up anything anywhere. That's why it is a mini computer at your fingertips.

There is also some negativity about the cell phone.

One reason why the cell phone has negativity is texting while driving. Texting while driving can cause bad accidents. Also it is a bad distraction for drivers.

The cell phone was also known as a flip phone because it flips.

Calling of the Future Calling All Improvements Think the cell phone looks the same. Think again.

The cell phone has changed a lot during the years. If Martin (Marty) Cooper looked at the cell phone he wouldn’t notice the cell phone. Thanks to Martin Cooper for the cellphone in 1980.

The first improvement was 1989. Motorola made the cell phone smaller and portable. Motorola also made a 12 button keypad plus a calculator and it cost 2500 dollars. Cell phones have gotten a lot smaller. Cell phones used to take up to 10 or more hours to

The future is looking bendy for the cell phone. There are some rumors the there is going to be an iPhone 8. People are also saying that the iPhone 8 is going to be bendy. The iPhone 8 people are saying it is coming out soon. Be aware of the iPhone 8.

As you can see, cell phones have changed a lot during the years. First they were big and bulky. Now they are small and convenient to have. People can not live without them.

There’s a Heat Wave In Your Kitchen By: Luka V. Imagine a world without microwaves. It would take so long to cook some food. You would need to make popcorn in a oven. You would need to heat things in a oven. If we didn’t have microwaves the world would be different.

Microwaves make cooking faster and easier.

Good And Evil About The Microwave The Accidental Discovery In 1946 A man named Percy Spencer accidentally discovered a microwave can cook during World War II. In 1940, two scientists named Sir John Randall and Dr. H.A.Boot invented magnetron that produced microwaves. The magnetron was the key to their radar which bounced microwaves off the enemies (the British) war machines to detect their presence. In 1946, (when the war was over) Percy Spencer almost made history. He was testing a magnetron tube when he got strong cravings for the chocolate bar that was in his pocket. He thought that the magnetrons heat melted his chocolate bar, not his body warmth.

There are some advantages about the microwave. One advantage is if you need to defrost meat you can defrost it in the microwave. Defrosting it in the microwave can prevent you from getting poisoned because if you leave the meat to defrost on your counter that's why you should defrost it in the microwave. Another advantage is the microwave can heat meals quicker because if you are in a rush you can put the food in your microwave.

There are also some disadvantages about the microwave. The microwave can be harmful to humans because the heat waves in the microwave can make you sick when you eat the food that was in the microwave.

The Future Microwave Will Be Here The first microwave was very heavy.

The future microwave is getting “hotter” by the second! By the time you grow up the microwave won’t be a like the won in your kitchen it would be smaller and could heat different foods than the microwave today.

How Did The Microwave Change?

If you think that the first microwave was the size of the one in your kitchen, then think again! The first microwave was the size of a fridge and it weighed 750 pounds, so it was heavy. Since innovation changed the microwave it is smaller and it weighs less than 100 pounds. In 1967, the first home model microwave was made and the price was only $495. In 1975, 17% of the homes in Japan had a microwave. 11 years later in 1986 25% of the homes in the U.S owned a microwave. Not that long later in 1997 90% of people in America had a microwave in their house.

If you had this microwave, you can basically take it wherever you go!

When you go to heat last night's pizza in the microwave think how innovation change it.

Think about the size of it. Think how lucky you are to have a microwave the size of it.

You would not want the 750 pound microwave in your kitchen. Thank Percy Spencer for inventing the microwave.