UK government policy/schemes to support knowledge and technology transfer Alice Frost Tokyo, Japan January 2012
Models and Missions for Transfer Offices Gilles Capart, Proton Europe, and Jon Sandelin, Stanford OTL 2004
• The Open Science Model: academics publish and industry patents • The Licence Model: universities license to industry • The Innovation Model: universities form part of innovation eco‐system
‘It is relatively more difficult to license out a university invention in Europe than in the US. The European market is much more fragmented ..and the density of technology‐based companies is less important. Many licenses from European universities are actually executed with US groups, and do not benefit the European economy. The innovation model is comparatively more developed in certain European countries, notably the UK, Scandinavian countries, Netherlands and Belgium, than in the US. The potential benefits for the public and for the university will also be larger and more regional in character. The basic difference is that European universities have to be more directly involved in the innovation process than their US counterparts for achieving the same result. Models of, and Missions for, Transfer Offices from Public Research Organizations by Gilles Capart and Jon Sandelin (2004)
Critical Functions of HEIs in the Existing stock of knowledge / technologies / patents Innovation System Higher Education Base
Research
Education
Innovation conditions of place • Policy framework
University Knowledge Exchange
• Local leadership • Labour market • Access to expertise • Access to finance
Technology intermediaries
• Enterprise culture
Other Firms (customers, competitors, suppliers, etc.)
• Innovation infrastructure • Attract inward investment • Attract talent
FIRM
Absorptive capacity
Innovation value chain
INNOVATION
• Quality of area © PACEC 2011
4
Nature and scale of knowledge exchange mechanisms between academics and external organisations
HEFCE: Transition from Technology Transfer to Knowledge Exchange Where we have come from…
Where we are going to…
STEM focus
All disciplines
Simple ‘transmission’ model of knowledge
Dynamic exchange model (engagement, not outreach)
Wealth creation
Innovation, productivity, quality of life, cultural enrichment, civic dev, community regeneration etc.
Large, multi-national businesses
Spectrum from global to local/ regional and all users
Evolution of HEFCE Knowledge Exchange Funding
Knowledge exchange funding (£ millions, constant 2009/10 prices)
HEIF 4
Total KE funding
HEIF 201115
Maintained £150 million in cash terms HEIF
Other HEFCE KE funding
7
Strong growth in knowledge exchange income Income stream
Knowledge exchange income (£ millions, constant 2009/10 prices)
2,500
PACEC 2010 2010 CAGR Growth income share of 01‐10 09‐10 (£m) total (%) (%) (£million)
KE income (real)
2,528
100
9.3
65
Contract research
842
33
13.1
44
Collaborative research Courses Consultancy Regeneration Facilities and equipment IP revenues
564 484 301 174 92 70
22 19 12 7 4 3
3.8 11.6 12.6 4.4 15.1 17.6
‐2 10 18 33 8 ‐46
2,000
1,500
1,000
500
Year
2010
2009
2008
2007
2006
2005
2004
2003
2002
2001
0
Leadership, Strategy and Institutional Structures Leadership, Strategy and Institutional Structures Leadership and governance
Organisational systems
Strategy
Institutional culture
PACEC
Incentives and rewards
Building internal capability within the HEI Building internal capability within the HEI KE staff Internal / external courses Best practice networks Recruitment
Academics Internal courses Workshops / seminars
Mentoring Informal networks
Facilitating the research Facilitating the research exploitation process exploitation process
Skills and human Skills and human capital development capital development
Knowledge Knowledge networks / diffusion networks / diffusion
Access points for external orgs
CPD / short courses
Provision of public space
Business development
Lifelong learning
Alumni networks
Science parks
Technology transfer
Careers services
KE professional networks
Incubators
Consultancy support
Work placements / project experience
Staff exchanges
Contracts / legal support
Academic – external organisation networks
Joint curriculum development
Exploiting the physical Exploiting the physical assets of the HEI assets of the HEI
Facilities / equipment
Patenting / IP advice Corporate Relations Press / communications Investment funds Marketing External fundraising for research
Academic knowledge
Entrepreneurship and Entrepreneurship and enterprise education enterprise education
Supporting the community / public engagement Supporting the community / public engagement Outreach
Widening participation
Social enterprise
Volunteering
Enterprise and entrepreneurship training
Social cohesion / community regeneration
Awareness raising / knowledge diffusion
Academic
Involving public in research
Economic and societal benefits
Knowledge Exchange Support Infrastructure: HEIF investments • Total HEIF investment: £150 million per annum over 2010/11 – 14/15 Share (%) of HEIF by expenditure type
Share (%) of HEIF by infrastructure category
10
Other Sources of Funding Knowledge Exchange (% strategies) Research exploitation Research exploitation
Skills development Skills development
Knowledge diffusion Knowledge diffusion
HEIF: £318 million
HEIF: £84 million
HEIF: £62 million
Other funds:
Other funds:
Other funds:
Reinvesting KE income RCUK TSB European funding RDA
78% 55% 50% 45% 40%
Reinvesting KE income Core teaching Course fees RDA European funding
44% 42% 32% 28% 26%
Core research Core teaching Reinvesting KE income RDA RCUK
Entrepreneurship and Entrepreneurship and enterprise education enterprise education HEIF: £63 million
Exploiting physical assets Exploiting physical assets
Civic / community Civic / community
HEIF: £34 million
HEIF: £41 million
Other funds:
Other funds:
Other funds:
Core teaching European funding RDA Reinvesting KE income Donations / alumni
42% 30% 27% 24% 22%
Reinvesting KE income RDA European funding RCUK Internal resources
52% 30% 25% 21% 16%
Reinvesting KE income RDA HEFCE Donations / alumni Core teaching
33% 30% 25% 20% 18%
36% 27% 26% 23% 19%
11
Thank you for listening a.frost@hefce.ac.uk
HEFCE weblinks
• KE policy: http://www.hefce.ac.uk/econsoc/buscom/ • HEIF: http://www.hefce.ac.uk/econsoc/buscom/heif/ • HE‐BCI Survey: http://www.hefce.ac.uk/econsoc/buscom/hebci/ • Evaluation: http://www.hefce.ac.uk/pubs/hefce/2009/09_15/ • Research working papers: http://www.hefce.ac.uk/econsoc/buscom/3stream/research.h tm