Spring 2014
william f. connell school of nursing
Tribute to Cushing Hall With change ahead, the Connell School community looks back
from the dean susan gennaro
Dear Friends,
dean
In this issue of Voice, we pay tribute
Susan Gennaro
to Cushing Hall. We look back at the
editor
1960 opening of our longtime home
Maureen Dezell
on the Chestnut Hill Campus—and
managing editor
at milestones that came before it—
Tracy Bienen
as we look ahead and prepare for the Connell School’s move to Maloney Hall in summer 2015. Our story brims with memories of alumni who recall our momentous move from crowded quarters at 126 Newbury Street, where the School Photograph: Gary Wayne Gilbert
voice
contents
of Nursing was founded in 1947, and
the pioneers who established the school we know today. This edition of Voice also spotlights forward-looking Connell School faculty, alumni, students, and programs that are vital to our future growth. I am sure you will enjoy our feature story on the Undergraduate
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art director Diana Parziale
contributors Zak Jason Alicia Potter Ralph Ranalli Debra Bradley Ruder Bari Walsh
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Clockwise from above: Cushing Hall exterior groundbreaking: Cardinal Richard J. Cushing, President Michael P. Walsh, S.J., Dean Rita P. Kelleher, Mary Jane Gibbons Walten ’59
photographers
Patience Marks ’15
Donna Alberico Caitlin Cunningham Gary Wayne Gilbert Josh Levine Lee Pellegrini
Pamela Terreri, clinical assistant professor Ariana Chao ’10, M.S. ’11 Rendering of a nurse’s cap in stained glass panel, Cushing Hall Chapel
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Research Fellows Program, which provides students opportunities to collaborate with faculty members—and enhances our efforts to build nursing science. This issue also includes a roundup of our faculty experts, who weigh in on how the Massachusetts health insurance mandate has affected primary care nursing, and look ahead to the likely
Voice is published by the William F. Connell School of Nursing and the Boston College Office of Marketing Communications.
effects of the federal Affordable Care Act. Letters and comments are welcome:
I am so pleased to share these features with you, along with a roundup of Connell School news, an update on what’s coming with us to Maloney from Cushing Hall, and faculty publications.
Yours,
csonalum@bc.edu Communications Specialist William F. Connell School of Nursing Boston College 140 Commonwealth Avenue Chestnut Hill, MA 02467
cover Susan Gennaro Dean
Watercolor painting of Cushing Hall Maginnis & Walsh & Kennedy Architects Photographed by Gary Wayne Gilbert
Spring 2014 news
features
4 New Associate Dean,
6 A tribute to Cushing Hall
12 Presiding saints
With change ahead, the Connell School community looks back on its beloved home.
Five stained glass panels from the Cushing Hall Chapel will move next year with the School to Maloney Hall.
CSON hosts nursing leaders, faculty and student recognition.
14 Undergraduate Research Fellows Program a study in success Transforming a passion for nursing into an interest in research.
18 Faculty field report How affordable care is shaping nursing practice.
faculty publications
20 HPV risks, vaccine benefits: young males unaware Patient-reported outcomes as alternative research tool Family function affects heart patients’ emotional well-being
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voice | spring 2014
www.bc.edu/cson
boston college william f. connell school of nursing
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news by zak jason
Above: Sean Clarke. Courtesy: McGill University
Welcome
Faculty recognition
New Associate Dean
Willis lauded
Sean Clarke will join the Connell School as Associate Dean, Undergraduate Program, this fall. Currently a professor and the Susan E. French Chair in Nursing Research and Innovative Practice at McGill University’s Ingram School of Nursing, Clarke is widely known for his work on patient safety and workforce environments.
The New England chapter of the American Psychiatric Nurses Association honored Associate Professor Danny Willis with the Nancy M. Valentine Excellence in Leadership Award at the chapter’s annual spring conference.
Below, top: Maureen McCausland. Photograph: Caitlin Cunningham
Below, bottom: Courtney Lyder. Photograph: Caitlin Cunningham
Events Fall Pinnacle Lecture Maureen P. McCausland ’72, M.S. ’77, drew from three decades as a hospital and nursing executive for her fall 2013 Pinnacle lecture on how major health systems balance quality care with an evolving business landscape. Currently senior vice president and chief nursing officer at MedStar Health, the largest health care provider in the Maryland and Washington, D.C. region, McCausland addressed what nurses, especially those in direct care roles, can do to create “high-reliability” health care organizations.
Spring Pinnacle Lecture UCLA School of Nursing Dean Courtney H. Lyder shared lessons learned from his mentors with an audience gathered for his spring 2014 Pinnacle lecture in the Yawkey Center’s Murray Room. Lyder explored whether leadership is inherent or learned and revealed ways that mentors shaped him as a nurse scholar, educator, and administrator.
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MARN awards The Massachusetts Association of Registered Nurses recognized the contributions of four CSON faculty members at its April convention. Professor Emeritus Carol Hartman was named a Living Legend in Massachusetts Nursing. Associate Professor Emeritus Jean O’Neil received the Excellence in Nursing Education Award; Associate Professor Judith ShindulRothschild, the Mary A. Manning Nurse Mentoring Award; and Assistant Professor Lichuan Ye, the Excellence in Nursing Research Award.
Massachusetts Senate testimony Associate Professor Judith ShindulRothschild testified in front of the Joint Committee on Health Care Financing on the findings of her publication “Patient Turnover and Nursing Employment in Massachusetts Hospitals Before and After Health Insurance Reform: Implications for the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act.”
CSON and its faculty honored The Connell School of Nursing and three of its faculty—Clinical Associate Professor Donna Cullinan, Associate Professor Judith Shindul-Rothschild, and Clinical Instructor Jacqueline Sly—each received a Teaching with New Media Award from Boston College.
Student news New Jonas Scholar Doctoral student Eileen Searle ’06, M.S. ’13, has been named a Jonas Nurse Leaders Scholar. A primary care nurse practitioner at Mount Auburn Hospital specializing in adult gerontology, Searle focuses her research on critical-care surge capacity and comprehensive nursing care in austere conditions.
ENRS conference At the April Eastern Nursing Research Society conference in Philadelphia, four students presented posters: • Eileen Anderson, M.S. ’14, “Nocturnal Care Interactions and Delirium in the ICU,” coauthored with Assistant Professor Lichuan Ye and others • Gianna Janney ’14, “Health Literacy of Hispanics for Cardiovascular Health Promotion,” coauthored with Assistant Professor Viola Benavente and others • Ph.D. student Danielle Leone, M.S. ’12, “From that Moment on my Life has Changed: Turning Points in the Healing Process of Men Recovering from Childhood Sexual Abuse,” coauthored with Associate Professor Danny Willis and others
Terri LaCoursiere Zucchero cares for a patient in the Dominican Republic. Courtesy: Sarah Bender
Alumni news
• Ph.D. student Eileen Searle ’06, M.S. ’13, “Rates of Seasonal Influenza Vaccination in Health Care Workers and Challenges to Improvement ”
Rosanna DeMarco, M.S. ’76, was named chair of the Nursing Department at the University of Massachusetts Boston’s College of Nursing and Health Sciences in September 2013.
Global reach
In Memorium
Inaugural Dominican Republic trip
Professor Emeritus Miriam Gayle Wardle, who taught at Boston College for 30 years, died November 29, 2013. She was 76. An expert in psychiatric mental health nursing, Wardle was known for her undergraduate teaching and her longitudinal study of professional women’s decision-making.
MLK Scholarship The University’s Martin Luther King, Jr., Scholarship Committee presented Patience Marks ’15 with its 32nd annual scholarship award at a February 12 ceremony at the Robsham Theater Arts Center. The competitive honor is given each year to a Boston College junior who has demonstrated superior academic achievement, extracurricular leadership, community service, and involvement with African-American issues.
In February, Clinical Instructor Rosemary Byrne and part-time Clinical Assistant Professor Terri LaCoursiere Zucchero traveled with seven Connell School students to the Dominican Republic, where they treated patients and provided health education to local residents. CSON sponsors similar service trips and programs to Haiti, Nicaragua, Ecuador, France, and Switzerland.
Tell us your news Patience Marks. Photograph: Lee Pellegrini
csonalum@bc.edu
boston college william f. connell school of nursing
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a tribute to
Cushing Hall With change ahead, the Connell School community looks back by zak jason ’11 Images courtesy University Archives. Photographs: Gary Wayne Gilbert
On a cloudy June morning in 1958, students in the graduating class of the Boston College School of Nursing shuttled from their crowded quarters on the second floor of 126 Newbury Street, known those days as the “Boston College Intown,” to the University’s new Alumni Stadium. In 13 years, the School of Nursing already had become one of the largest nursing programs in the country, with an enrollment of 900. It was about to launch a master’s program. Nevertheless, the school was hardly integrated physically or socially into the University. In fact, Boston College nurses were joining the rest of their graduating class on the Chestnut Hill Campus for one day only, commencement. But things were about to change. Boston College President Michael P. Walsh, S.J., had announced a week before commencement that the University planned to break ground on a nursing school building on the Chestnut Hill Campus in 1961. But after giving the benediction that formally closed commencement, Boston Archbishop Richard Cushing remained on the dais—and announced he would donate the cost of the new building. Construction could begin as soon as the following spring; the new nursing school would open for classes by 1960. After a standing ovation, Walsh took the podium and proclaimed the building would be named for the archbishop. Cushing Hall was a signal advance not just for the School of Nursing but also for Boston College itself. As Walsh noted in a letter to Cushing shortly after his dramatic announcement, his was “the greatest single benefaction in the history of Boston College.” The following morning, a Boston Globe headline declared, “Gift comes as surprise to graduates,” over a page-one story.
Top: Postcard image of Cushing Hall, 1960. Nursing pins: Courtesy Laurel Eisenhauer, Elizabeth Grady, Martha Cadigan Sullivan. Bottom left: Bas-relief insignia in Cushing Hall. Bottom middle: Proposed design for building detail, Cushing Hall, 1959. Maginnis & Walsh & Kennedy Architects. Bottom right: Cardinal Richard J. Cushing, flanked by Boston College President Michael P. Walsh, S.J., seals the cornerstone of the building at its dedication, March 1960.
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Left: Cardinal Cushing and Fr. Michael P. Walsh breaking ground on Cushing Hall, 1960. Above: blueprints.
Those who had observed Cushing’s episcopacy may not have
Grady ’59, M.S. ’64, recalls that her fellow nursing students
been entirely surprised (see sidebar on page 10). Cushing began
frequently “ran the gauntlet” through clusters of male stu-
urging Boston College to establish a school of nursing in 1945.
dents who catcalled and even mooned them as they entered
He made a case to University President William Keleher, S.J.,
Lyons Hall for lunch.
who complained to the Jesuit Curia in Rome that coeducation would hurt Boston College’s “ethos.” But Cushing’s appeals were pragmatic and spiritual. The Boston Archdiocese was in dire need of nurses to staff its bur-
“Forced into a separate, small place, we built very deep connections,” says Sullivan. “We thought of ourselves as nursing students, not Boston College students.” Cushing dedicated his namesake hall before an audience of
geoning network of Catholic hospitals. Nurses, he maintained,
5,000 on March 25, 1960. The following week, nursing stu-
answered “a call to work for God in service of a particular
dents and faculty left 126 Newbury for good. “We finally felt like
group of God’s creatures.”
we belonged at Boston College. We had a home,” says Grady.
The school opened in February 1947 with a class of 35. For
On Chestnut Hill, nursing students and faculty settled into
the next 13 years, nursing students pursued their bachelor of
spacious, comfortable quarters with ample room to expand.
science degrees in overcrowded classrooms making do with
Many spent their limited free time in a first-floor student lounge,
small desk-chairs and blackboards at 126 Newbury. Nursing
filled in those days with cigarette smoke. More often they gravi-
faculty stayed downtown while their counterparts in the College
tated to the bright and spacious nursing library on the top floor.
of Arts and Sciences commuted from Chestnut Hill to the Back Clockwise from top left: Edward Morse of the M.S. Kelleher Company points out construction details to sophomore class officers Eleanor (Frank) Cook ’62, Sarah (Sally) (Osborne) Russell ’62, M.S. ’67, Joan (Mullahy) Riley ’62, Virginia StanleyTaub ’62; blueprint; Cushing Hall classroom; Elizabeth Grady, Laurel Eisenhauer, and Martha Cadigan Sullivan. Courtesy: Sub Turri.
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Bay to teach English, history, philosophy, and theology. “We loved our little, very cramped quarters. We felt like pioneers,” says Martha Cadigan Sullivan ’60, M.S. ’63, a member of the first senior class to graduate from the nursing school in Cushing Hall. There were no labs in the converted building on
“ We finally felt like we belonged at Boston College. We had a home.” — elizabeth grady ’59, M.S. ’64
Newbury Street, requiring students to perform all clinical work in area hospitals, primarily Boston City Hospital in the South End. The nurses did commute to Chestnut Hill on Tuesdays and
When Sullivan thinks back to the building, she says: “I think
Thursdays to take their lab classes in Devlin Hall. Fellow stu-
of the people who filled it. That library was all because of Mary
dents made it clear the women were not welcome. Elizabeth
Pekarski,” the nursing school’s genial, bespectacled founding boston college william f. connell school of nursing
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William F. Connell An astute businessman who made the Forbes 400 list of richest Americans, William F.
Richard Cardinal Cushing
Connell often joked that he was just a “junk man.” (Connell Limited Partnership, the metal
As Boston’s archbishop from 1944 through 1970, Cardinal
Top left: Cardinal Cushing gets behind the wheel at the groundbreaking.
Richard Cushing was involved
Top middle: A large crowd turned out to watch the historic event.
in the planning, development,
Top right: Fr. Walsh, Dean Rita P. Kelleher, and Mary Jane Gibbons Walten ’59 break ground on the new building.
groundbreaking, and dedica-
recycling and equipment manufacturer he founded, was one of the country’s largest privately owned companies.) A graduate of Boston College and Harvard Business School and vice chair of Boston College’s Board of Trustees, Connell was
tion of several Boston College buildings. But he typically didn’t climb behind the wheel of an excavator while dressed in his ceremonial vestments as he did in February 1959, when he presided at the groundbreaking for the nursing school building. The nursing school was special to Cushing, who personally raised and donated $1 million toward the cost of constructing the building that would be named in his honor.
As nurses went from wearing crisp white uniforms to
of FleetBank and BankBoston and orchestrate the deal
scrubs in the 1970s, capping ceremonies lost their signifi-
that kept the New England Patriots in Massachusetts.
cance and disappeared. Starting in the 1980s, the faculty grew,
The son of Irish immigrants—his father was a bus
Chaplain Edward Gorman, S.J., who taught theology at the
the curriculum evolved, and classroom use changed as the
driver, his mother a seamstress—Connell studied
school for 25 years, recalls Grady. “It was a mess—he let us
school began adding master’s programs in fields from pediat-
accounting at Boston College, graduating magna cum
hang our laundry and lunch there all the time—but a won-
ric nursing to gerontology as well as the first doctoral program
laude in 1959. He was a daily communicant, who often
derful mess for us all to camp out.”
in nursing at a Jesuit university. The nursing library collec-
said he lived by three rules: “Be good, do your best,
tion outgrew its space on the top floor and moved to O’Neill
and go to Mass.” He also said, “If you get lucky, you’re supposed to share.”
librarian, who built one of the most expansive nursing collections in the country before she retired in 1978. Students also gathered in the office of School of Nursing
No one, however, left a larger imprint on the School of
Spry and plain-spoken, a South Boston native and the
Nursing in its first decades than Rita P. Kelleher. In 1947,
Library in 1991. The Connell School now offers post-master’s
son of Irish immigrants, Cushing was known through-
when the now-legendary dean arrived at the University’s main
certificate programs in fields from forensic nursing to pallia-
out his priesthood for advocating tolerance and
gate to interview for the school’s first faculty position, she was
tive care as well.
civil rights and supporting missionary work. Named
told that the president did not meet with potential kitchen
Archbishop of Boston in 1944, he became a monolith
employees. Within a year she was the nursing school’s dean.
of a Catholic fundraiser and a model for a sprightly,
“She provided the school, the students, and the faculty
Change is now afoot once again. The Connell School of Nursing has outgrown its beloved home of 55 years. Next summer, the school will leave the four-story granite complex on
University President William P. Leahy, S.J., presented him with Boston College’s highest award, the Ignatius Medal, in a bedside ceremony the day before he died. Connell was only the 10th recipient of the honor.
informal, and inclusive priesthood.
[with] a sense of continuity from the downtown setting to the
Middle Campus, where hundreds of faculty members educated
William F. Connell lost his battle with cancer on
Cushing became Boston’s cardinal in 1958. During
main campus,” says Laurel Eisenhauer ’62, who earned her
and trained more than 10,000 nurses for more than a half
August 22, 2001, leaving his wife Margot and six chil-
his tenure, he founded a South American-based mis-
Ph.D. in 1977 from Boston College’s School of Education and
century. By September 2015, CSON expects to have settled in
dren, all Boston College graduates, including CSON
sionary, delivered the invocation at President John F.
was on the SON faculty from 1970 to 2005.
its new home on the second and third floors of Maloney Hall.
alumna Lisa McNamara ’89. On September 12, 2003,
Kennedy’s inauguration in 1961, and said the slain
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active in civic life. He quietly helped steer the merger
“She was a lady to the nth degree, incredibly sophisticated,”
Announcing the move in a letter to students, faculty, staff,
the Connell family gathered at the University for the
president’s funeral Mass in 1963. He left the Vatican
says Grady. “She took a lot of hard knocks from the Jesuits for
and alumni last fall, Dean Susan Gennaro wrote, “We will
formal dedication of its school of nursing in his honor.
Council’s second session early, claiming his time
being a woman leader, but she always rose above it.”
carry the traditions of Cushing Hall with us to our future
Margot C. Connell, William’s widow, carries on
would be better served fundraising for the poor. Over
Kelleher hosted regular student-faculty teas, where she
home in Maloney, where we will train the next generation of
his dedication to Boston College by serving on the
20 years, he built orphanages, nursing homes, centers
spoke of the importance of comprehensive nursing care and
extraordinary nurses as they build their dreams and careers.”
University’s Board of Trustees. She is a convening
for the blind and deaf, 86 churches, dozens of paro-
treating patients as humans, recalls Grady. “We were always
For alumni like Sullivan, “it is hard to imagine the building
chial schools, and hospitals.
most enamored with the faculty who were great clinicians.
being abandoned. But back then, we couldn’t have imag-
In spite of the fact that Dean Kelleher never did anything clini-
ined what the building would come to mean.” After all, she
cally, we thought she knew more about nursing than anybody.”
observes: “We were on the cusp of a new age too.”
voice | spring 2014
cochair of the Light the World campaign and received an honorary doctorate of humane letters in 2009.
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presiding saints by bari walsh
st. radegund 525–586/87
Photographed by Lee Pellegrini
Known for her good works, humility, and a dedication to intellectual pursuits rare for her time, St. Radegund was a beacon of light in the early Dark Ages. The devout daughter of a sixth-century German king, she was taken among war spoils by an invading Frankish king and later forced to become his reluctant queen. The union was unhappy, all the more so when he had her brother killed. She fled the marriage, turned to God, and was consecrated as a deaconess, later founding a monastery that became a center of learning and peacemaking. Throughout her life, she devoted herself to the poor and the sick, founding hospitals—including a leper hospital—and nursing patients herself.
When Dean Susan Gennaro told alumni last fall that the School of Nursing would “carry the traditions of Cushing Hall with us to our future home in Maloney,” she wasn’t speaking entirely in metaphor. Five stained glass panels given to the school in the late 1950s and early 1960s to adorn the third-floor chapel in Cushing will make the move to Maloney in 2015. The windows, three of which depict a saint whose life and works are directly connected to the practice of nursing, are expected to serve as a vital link to a cherished past, even as the School looks forward to a new era in its expansive, state-of-the-art Maloney home.
This panel was a gift of Rita P. Kelleher and Pauline Sampson.
st. elizabeth of hungary 1207–1231 A venerated symbol of Christian charity, St. Elizabeth was a princess who became a nurse. Born in 1207, the daughter of King Alexander II, she was a pious child, living with an austerity that defied royal tradition. Marrying at 14 to Louis of Thuringia—it was by all accounts a happy, devoted union— she rejected the pomp and frivolity of the court, taking up a life of service to the poor and sick. She distributed alms during a time of famine, ministering directly to those most afflicted. Regaining her dowry following her husband’s death, she built the Franciscan hospital at Marburg, Germany, where she visited patients daily to give care and comfort, as shown in this panel. She died in 1231, not yet 24, and was canonized four years later. This panel was a gift of Ann Prendergast.
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st. catherine of siena 1347–1380 Born in 1347 during the bubonic plague that became known as the Black Death, St. Catherine spent much of her life ministering to those afflicted by its ravages. Intensely devout, she joined the Third Order of the Dominicans at age 16 and became known for the kind of radical charity this panel depicts—giving away her own food and clothing, often declining to eat, caring for the dying and preparing them for death. Prone to mystical visions, she was nonetheless drawn to the affairs of the world. Her meditations, collected in the Dialogue of St. Catherine of Siena, remain a pillar of Italian literature. This panel was a gift of Rev. Walter J. Meagher, S.J., given in memory of Dennis R. and Rose A. Meagher and Mary Burke.
boston college william f. connell school of nursing
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Undergraduate research fellows program
A study in success by alicia potter
When Ariana Chao ’10, M.S. ’11, started her freshman year at the Connell School of Nursing, she had no plans to pursue research. “It sounded dry,” she says. Today, Chao is working on her doctoral dissertation at the Yale School of Nursing and describes her research in a way that might surprise her freshman self. She calls it “fun.” Chao’s dissertation is on stress, binge eating, and metabolic
Fellows and faculty define the goals of the not-for-credit
abnormalities. In a single week recently, she received a National
program broadly, from cultivating research skills and strong
Institute of Nursing research grant; edited a research manu-
mentor relationships to expanding students’ understanding of
script for publication and submitted another; conducted data
nursing roles. In particular, they say, the program makes real a
analysis related to food cravings, food intake, and weight; and
concept emphasized in the classroom: that research is integral
helped to organize a colloquium for her fellow doctoral students.
to excellent clinical care.
“I’ve fallen in love with research,” she says. “There are so many complex questions for nurses to answer.” Chao is among a growing number of students who can credit
“The program sets the stage early that developing knowledge and generating evidence are part of a nurse’s responsibility,” says Catherine Read, associate dean of undergraduate nursing,
the Connell School’s Undergraduate Research Fellows Program
who oversees the research effort with Wolfe. “These are the
for transforming their passion for nursing into an interest in
skills that students need to become leaders.”
research. Now in its 17th year, the program gives undergraduates an opportunity to collaborate with a faculty member on a research project, giving them firsthand experience in nursing
“ I’ve fallen in love with research.” — ariana chao
science. Fellows, working closely with their mentors, take on a range of research responsibilities, often in a hospital or lab, and are paid hourly for their efforts. Chao assisted Associate
According to Donald L. Hafner, who is vice provost for
Dean for Research Barbara Wolfe for three years on a study
undergraduate academic affairs, the Undergraduate Research
analyzing the psychobiology of eating disorders—an experience
Fellows Program began in 1997, when Boston College under-
she says “changed my life.”
graduate schools received donor and strategic plan funds to start student-faculty research fellowship programs. (Other top-
Ariana Chao. Photographs: Donna Alberico
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voice | spring 2014
ranked nursing schools offer comparable programs.)
boston college william f. connell school of nursing
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Research studies on nursing education support such initiatives: exposing students to experiential research reduces the historical tendency of nursing undergraduates to dismiss
As Wolfe puts it, “There are no GPA limits on who can make a difference.” Currently, 27 out of 52 faculty members participate in the
But fellows’ responsibilities and experiences vary greatly and depend on the stage of the faculty members’ research they become involved in. Not all research is quite so high profile, par-
research as boring and to overlook the research-practice
program. After students submit applications in June, Read
ticularly in its early stages, she observes. Some fellows never set
connection. One paper published last year in the Journal
matches each of them with one or two fellows. Some matches
foot in a lab; instead, they might pull literature from the library
of Nursing Education and Practice found that 67 percent of
are naturals, such as Chao and Wolfe, who share an interest in
or input data in their dorm rooms. Chao came on at the begin-
undergraduate nursing students who participated in a data
eating disorders. Pairs of students and faculty find common
ning of one of Wolfe’s studies and helped to recruit subjects suf-
collection project indicated that their understanding of
ground based on the patient population being studied, the type
fering from anorexia, a hard-to-reach population. Chao posted
research improved.
of study being conducted, or on a broader health care specialty,
flyers at area colleges, placed ads in newspapers, and screened
such as interventions for chronic illness or health promotion.
potential participants; later, she entered data and assembled
Participation in the Boston College fellows program has risen, Read said. In the last five years, the program has fluc-
Some students working on projects in later phases have
research files. Given the need for a large sample, her responsi-
tuated from 38 students in 2010–11 to 65 students in 2012–13.
been named as coauthors on published studies. Other fellows
bilities didn’t change much over her three years in the program.
Moving forward, Read and Wolfe hope to increase not only
have presented at the campus-wide Undergraduate Research
She now employs techniques learned from her mentor, such as
participation but also student work hours (the average now is
Symposium, the Sigma Theta Tau Alpha Chi Annual Research
double-entering data, to increase the rigor of her own research.
four hours a week).
Day, and conferences for the Roy Adaptation Association,
For other students, the program’s greatest reward is the access it provides to specialized medical settings. In her first year of the program as a junior, Amanda Barbosa ’14 collected
“ The program makes real a concept emphasized in the classroom: that research is integral to excellent clinical care.” — barbara wolfe, associate dean for research
stool specimens from infants in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) at Brigham and Women’s Hospital. She was paired with Associate Professor Katherine Gregory on a study investigating how bacteria in preterm infants’ guts affect their risk for necrotizing enterocolitis. Barbosa, an aspiring pediatrics
To Read’s knowledge, there have never been formal aca-
Eastern Nursing Research Society, New England Regional Black
and maternal care nurse, says she couldn’t have asked for a
says that she might never have considered a Ph.D. had it not
demic requirements for applicants, though in the past students
Nurses Association, and NANDA. When Jennifer Engel ’09
better assignment.
been for the opportunity to witness Wolfe “at the head of the
with higher GPAs tended to be selected first. In her nine years
was working with Wolfe during her senior year, she won the
administering the program, Read’s thinking on who should
“I was so excited!” she says. “I had never been in a NICU
table,” a nurse leading an interdisciplinary team of physicians,
student poster presentation award at the American Psychiatric
or hospital lab before.” She returned to the project this year to
nutritionists, psychiatrists, and other nurses in a research lab at
take part has changed, she said, and she is more inclined to
Nurses Association annual meeting—an honor intended for a
assist with data analysis.
the Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center. Wolfe and Chao have
accept students with lower GPAs from less academically privi-
master’s-level participant. And Stephanie Van Dam ’13 assisted
leged backgrounds. (“In such instances,” she added, “a student
Professor June Andrews Horowitz, an expert in postpartum
set individual goals. But students gain from the experience,
must demonstrate progress, produce above-average academic
depression, in designing a game titled “Glad Baby, Sad Baby”
whether they are assigned to the library or the lab, undergradu-
helps students to fully grasp the critical link between research
work, and be able to handle the added responsibility.”)
to educate mothers about their infants’ emotional cues.
ates and faculty say.
and practice. For example, Read explains, fellows shift their
And if Connell School faculty members have enough projects
Read reports that the number of students now presenting
Faculty mentors and students typically work together to
One thing that all students seem to develop in the program
stayed in touch. Faculty and fellows agree that the program, above all,
focus from how to do a particular task, such as start an IV
to go around, all applicants are accepted; if not, upperclassmen
outside of the Boston College campus “marks a real change.
is better critical-thinking skills. Faculty note that students they
or read an EKG, to why the evidence tells them that it’s the
receive priority.
There wasn’t a lot of that going on 10 years ago.”
work with become better consumers of research; more able to
right thing to do. And Wolfe says that Connell School faculty’s
analyze and apply scientific reading at a higher level. After log-
emphasis on scholarship that addresses “the health issues of
ging hundreds of specimens, adding to the three years’ worth
everyday people” further illuminates the classroom-to-lab-to-
that had already been collected, Barbosa notes she not only has
bedside connection.
a better understanding of clinical papers but also greater interAmanda Barbosa. Photographs: Lee Pellegrini
est in research methodologies. Many faculty and fellows develop long-lasting mentoring relationships. A graduate of Yale’s master’s in nursing program and the Connell School’s Ph.D. program, Wolfe helped Chao
“Our faculty research covers many areas of illness and mental health, but it’s all about bettering the lives of others, especially the underserved,” says Wolfe. “Fellows see firsthand how these projects make a difference by advancing and improving care.” Barbosa, who hopes to practice in a hospital and seek out
prep for her admission interviews at Yale, wrote her letters of
research opportunities, says that she will graduate with a “deeper
recommendation, and even drove Chao to New Haven and
perspective” on the impact that nurses have on research and,
introduced her to one of Wolfe’s mentors, the prominent nurse
conversely, the impact of research on nurses. “I now realize how
scientist Margaret Grey, with whom Chao is now working. Chao
much research can help us implement change,” she says.
n
boston college william f. connell school of nursing
17
“The focus on health promotion and keeping people well is
for their annual screenings, their pap smears, and their prenatal
need to prepare people to
care. That makes us happy. When
deliver nursing care in a differ-
women didn’t come in for their
ent model.”
prenatal care, they showed up
— s usan kelly-weeder, associate professor and board member at large for the National Organization of Nurse Practitioner Faculties
later with hypertension,
faculty field report
How affordable care shapes nursing practice
“There is a better understanding from our students about what primary care is. For awhile, everyone wanted to be specialized, almost mimicking the physician model. Now they recognize that there is a real underserved need. They get it.” “Over the next 18 years, we’re going to have 8,000 people per day turning 65. And nursing has
The health insurance mandate that Massachusetts pioneered in 2006 has
always focused on the older per-
spurred more than 400,000 people to get coverage while intensifying the
people. It is a challenging pop-
need for primary care providers in a state that already had a shortage.
work. The demand for this specialty is going to be huge.”
As the demand for primary care services has expanded, nurses—and particularly nurse practitioners—have stepped in to meet the need,
insured who previously had no insurance or not enough coverage. “Primary care is the answer to the health care
son, the special needs of older ulation and people have to be uniquely suited for that kind of — jane flanagan, associate professor, Adult-Gerontology Primary Care Nurse Practitioner Program “I think the shift is definitely to
crisis in the country,” says Susan Kelly-Weeder,
members. They say the state health law has dra-
an associate professor at the Connell School. But
One of the goals is to take peo-
matically influenced the field of primary care
the demand extends far beyond what physicians
ple out of the emergency room…
nursing and its clinical specialties. Meanwhile,
alone can meet. “That’s the issue now,” she says.
and have them hooked up with
they are encouraged by shifting attitudes as
“Who is going to do all this primary care?”
a primary care provider….There
tioners in new models of care.
Voice asked members of the Connell School faculty to weigh in—to share their views on how
The Massachusetts experience is beginning
the Affordable Care Act and its Massachusetts
to play out nationwide as the federal Affordable
predecessor are changing the practice of primary
Care Act adds millions to the ranks of the
care nursing and their clinical specialties.
diabetes, and then low-birthweight babies.” “I think nurse practitioners are encouraged by the current trends in health care. Now they are so integrated and part of the health care team, and patients now know nurse practitioners better.” — allyssa harris, assistant professor, Women’s Health Nurse Practitioner Program “The biggest worry that I have is that our psychiatric nurse practitioners are pigeonholed as prescribers. Up to now, practices have been dictated by reimbursements. We’re not sitting down and doing psychotherapy. You take out your prescription
according to recent studies and nursing faculty
patients accept the central role of nurse practi-
“We started seeing a lot of people who hadn’t [previously] come
where we’re going. We really
primary care and prevention.
have to be more of us out there to provide the care, because this puts more pressure on us to see more patients. We’re busier, there’s more documentation, and care becomes more challenging as time becomes more compressed.” —r osemary byrne, clinical instructor, Family Nurse Practitioner Program
pad and write. “But now we are seeing a bit of a swing. We’re looking at stress management; we’re looking at exercise. We’re starting to look at quality-of-life issues.” — p amela terreri, clinical assistant professor, Psychiatric Mental Health Nurse Practitioner Program “More than 96 percent of children in Massachusetts are now covered, up from 87 percent in 2006, meaning that more children are getting their recommended wellness screenings and fewer are ending up in emergency rooms with acute problems.” — sherri st. pierre, clinical assistant professor, Pediatric Primary Care Nurse Practitioner Program
Photographs by Caitlin Cunningham
— ralph ranalli
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voice | spring 2014
boston college william f. connell school of nursing
n
19
faculty publications
Jane Flanagan Stamp, K.D., J.M. Flanagan, J. ShindulRothschild, “Predictors of Excess Heart Failure Readmissions: Implications for Nursing Practice,” Journal of Nursing Care Quality 29, no. 2 (2014): 115–123.
Holly Fontenot Fontenot, H.B., E. George, “Sexually Transmitted Infections in Pregnancy,” Nursing for Women’s Health 18, no. 1 (2014): 67–72. Fontenot, H.B., H.C. Fantasia, A.C. Charyk, M.A. Sutherland, “Human Papillomavirus (HPV) Risk Factors, Vaccination Patterns, and Vaccine Perceptions Among a Sample of Male College Students,” Journal of American College Health 62, no. 3 (2014): 186–192. Fontenot, H.B., H.C. Fantasia, T.J. Lee-St. John, M.A. Sutherland, “The Effects of Intimate Partner Violence Duration on Individual and Partner-Related Sexual Risk Factors Among Women,” Journal of Midwifery & Women’s Health 59, no. 1 (2014): 67–73. Fontenot, H.B., A.L. Harris, “Pharmacologic Management of Osteoporosis,” Journal of Obstetric, Gynecologic & Neonatal Nursing 43, no. 2 (2014): 236–245. Sutherland, M.A., H.B. Fontenot, H.C. Fantasia, “Beyond Assessment: Examining Providers’ Responses to Disclosures of Violence,” Journal of the American Association of Nurse Practitioners (2014). DOI: 10.1002/23276924.12101 Fontenot, H.B., H.C. Fantasia, “Women’s Health, Pharmacology, and Aging,” Journal of Obstetric, Gynecologic, & Neonatal Nursing 43, no. 2 (2014): 224–225.
Susan Gennaro Kafulafula, U.K., M.K. Hutchinson, S. Gennaro, S. Guttmacher, E. Chirwa, “Practice Environment Related Barriers to Exclusive Breastfeeding Among HIV-Positive Mothers in Blantyre, Malawi,” Health 5, no. 9 (2013): 1412–1421. Ruiz, R.J., S. Gennaro, C. O’Connor, C.N. Marti, A. Lullof, T. Keshinover, A. Gibeau, B. Melnyk, “Measuring Coping in Pregnant Minority Women,” Western Journal of Nursing Research (2014). DOI: 10.1177/ 0193945914527176
HPV risks, vaccine benefits: young males unaware Male college students are at higher risk than they think for exposure to human papillomavirus (HPV), and many have not been vaccinated against this common sexually transmitted infection, according to research by Assistant Professors Holly Fontenot and Melissa Sutherland and CSON alumnae Anna Charyk, M.S. ’13, and Heidi Collins Fantasia, M.S. ’97, Ph.D. ’09. The study appeared online in March in the Journal of American College Health. Conducting an electronic survey of 18- to 25-year-old males attending a public university in the Northeast, the investigators found 93 percent of the 735 participants—all currently or previously sexually active—reported they were not at risk for contracting sexually transmitted infections, even though their condom use was low (51 percent used condoms sometimes or never) and their mean number of lifetime sexual partners was high (6.3). Additionally, only 14 percent had received the three-shot vaccination against HPV, which can spread during vaginal, anal, or oral sex and cause genital warts, certain cancers, and other problems. Some students had started the vaccine series while three-quarters had not been immunized at all. (The CDC recommends HPV vaccine for all adolescents and “catch-up” vaccines for older teens and young adults.) The research team found many survey takers lacked knowledge about HPV and the vaccine; other barriers to vaccination included cost, access, and fear of shots. The authors note that college health providers are well positioned to influence HPV vaccination rates through education, awareness, and immunization services for students.
Hawkins, S.S., C. Dacey, S. Gennaro, T. Keshinover, S. Gross, A. Gibeau, A. Lulloff, K.M. Aldous, “Secondhand Smoke Exposure Among Nonsmoking Pregnant Women in New York City,” Nicotine & Tobacco Research (2014). DOI: 10.1093/ntr/ntu034 Gennaro, S., “Your Legacy,” Journal of Nursing Scholarship 45, no. 4 (2013): 327. Gennaro, S., “Conducting Important and Ethical Research,” Journal of Nursing Scholarship 46, no. 2 (2014): 73.
Pamela Grace Willis, D.G., P.J. Grace, D.J. Perry, T.L. Zucchero, “Facilitating Humanization: Liberating the Profession of Nursing from Institutional Confinement on Behalf of Social Justice,” in Philosophies and Practices of
20
voice | spring 2014
Emancipatory Nursing: Social Justice as Praxis, eds. P.N. Kagan, M.C. Smith, P.L. Chinn (London, England: Routledge, 2014).
Katherine Gregory Gregory, K.E., W.A. Walker, “Immunologic Factors in Human Milk and Disease Prevention in the Preterm Infant,” Current Pediatrics Reports 1, no. 4 (2013): 222–228. Gregory, K.E., A.B. Winston, H.S. Yamamoto, H.Y. Dawood, T. Fashemi, R.N. Fichorova, L.J. Van Marter, “Urinary Intestinal Fatty Acid Binding Protein Predicts Necrotizing Enterocolitis,” The Journal of Pediatrics (2014). DOI: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2014.01.057 Gregory, K.E., N. DuBois, T. Steele, “Nutritional and Immunologic Considerations Relevant to Infant Nutrition,” The Journal of Perinatal & Neonatal Nursing 28, no. 1 (2014): 80–86.
Allyssa Harris Fontenot, H.B., A.L. Harris, “Pharmacologic Management of Osteoporosis,” Journal of Obstetric, Gynecologic & Neonatal Nursing 43, no. 2 (2014): 236–245.
M. Katherine Hutchinson Kafulafula, U.K., M.K. Hutchinson, S. Gennaro, S. Guttmacher, E. Chirwa, “Practice Environment Related Barriers to Exclusive Breastfeeding Among HIV-Positive Mothers in Blantyre, Malawi,” Health 5, no. 9 (2013): 1412–1421. Cederbaum, J.A., A.B. Adhikari, E.G. Guerrero, M.K. Hutchinson, “Relationship Satisfaction and Communication Among Urban Minority HIV-Positive and HIV-Negative Mothers: The Influence on Daughter’s Alcohol Use,” Journal of Family Issues (2013). DOI: 10.1177/0192513X13513582 Hutchinson, M.K., M.G. Shedlin, B. Gallo, B. Krainovich-Miller, T. Fulmer, “Ethics-inthe-Round: A Guided Peer Approach for Addressing Ethical Issues Confronting Nursing Students,” Nursing Education Perspectives 35, no. 1 (2014): 58–60.
Carina Katigbak Ursua, R.A., D.E. Aguilar, L.C. Wyatt, C. Katigbak, N.S. Islam, S.D. Tandon, P.R.M.Q. Nur, N.V. Devanter, M.J. Rey, C. Trinh-Shevrin, “A Community Health Worker Intervention to Improve Management of Hypertension among Filipino Americans in New York and New Jersey: A Pilot Study,” Ethnicity and Disease 24, no. 1 (2014): 67–76. Kovner, C.T., C.S. Brewer, F. Fatehi, C. Katigbak, “Changing Trends in Newly Licensed RNs,” American Journal of Nursing 114, no. 2 (2014): 26–34.
Tam Nguyen Nguyen, T.H., H-R Han, M.T. Kim, K.S. Chan, “An Introduction to Item Response Theory for Patient-Reported Outcome Measurement,” The Patient: Patient-Centered Outcomes Research 7, no. 1 (2014): 23–35.
Judith Shindul-Rothschild Stamp, K.D., J.M. Flanagan, J. ShindulRothschild, “Predictors of Excess Heart Failure Readmissions: Implications for Nursing Practice,” Journal of Nursing Care Quality 29, no. 2 (2014): 115–123.
Shindul-Rothschild, J., M. Gregas, “Patient Turnover and Nursing Employment in Massachusetts Hospitals Before and After Health Insurance Reform: Implications for the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act,” Policy, Politics, & Nursing Practice, 2014. DOI: 10.1177/1527154414527829
Kelly Stamp Stamp, K.D., J.M. Flanagan, J. ShindulRothschild, “Predictors of Excess Heart Failure Readmissions: Implications for Nursing Practice,” Journal of Nursing Care Quality 29, no. 2 (2014): 115–123. Stamp, K.D., S.B. Dunbar, P.C. Clark, C.M. Reilly, R.A. Gary, M. Higgins, N.
Kaslow, “Family Context Influences Psychological Outcomes of Depressive Symptoms and Emotional Quality of Life in Patients with Heart Failure, Journal of Cardiovascular Nursing (2014). DOI: 10.1097/ JCN.0000000000000097 Pozzar, R.A., N.A. Allen, K.D. Stamp, D.A. Sampson, “Focusing on Feedback: How Nurse Practitioners Can Use Focus Group Interviews to Build a Patient-Centered Practice,” Journal of the American Association of Nurse Practitioners (2013). DOI: 10.1002/2327-6924.12065 Stamp, K.D., M.A. Machado, N.A. Allen, “Transitional Care Programs Improve Outcomes for Heart Failure Patients: An Integrative Review,” Journal of Cardiovascular Nursing 28, no. 2 (2014): 140–154.
Patient-reported outcomes as alternative research tool The use of patient-reported outcome (PRO) measures is growing in health care research, and demand for high-quality data from PROs has intensified with today’s focus on patient-centered care and outcomes. A new paper by Assistant Professor Tam Nguyen and collaborators at Johns Hopkins University and the University of Texas at Austin introduces a research framework, item response theory (IRT), and its potential for improving the efficiency and accuracy of measuring PROs—questionnaires completed by patients about their perceived health status. The paper was published online in the journal Patient in January. An alternative to classical test theory, IRT “is a set of mathematical models that describe the relationship between an individual’s ‘ability’ or ‘trait’ and how they respond to items on a scale,” the authors write. Already used extensively in education, IRT is gaining traction in health care, they say; for example, it is being used to develop computerized adaptive testing, which bases items for test-takers on responses to previous questions (think MCATs). Their article outlines IRT concepts and illustrates typical applications using existing data from 636 Korean- and Vietnamese-American adults who responded to two questionnaires with different formats, one assessing health literacy in the context of high blood pressure, and another measuring depression. Nguyen and her colleagues also provide a handy glossary of IRT-related terms, such as ability invariance, function curves, and monotonicity.
boston college william f. connell school of nursing
21
faculty publications
Family function affects heart patients’ emotional well-being
Vessey, J.A., R.L. DiFazio, T.D. Strout, “Youth Bullying: A Review of the Science and Call to Action,” Nursing Outlook 61, no. 5 (2013): 347–345.
Patients with heart failure tend to fare better psychologically when families function well, understand the disease, and support patients in decisions about their care, concludes a study published in the Journal of Cardiovascular Nursing this year and led by Assistant Professor Kelly Stamp and researchers at Emory University and Georgia State University.
DiFazio, R.L., J.A. Vessey, “Non-Medical Out-of-Pocket Expenses Incurred by Families During Their Child’s Hospitalization,” Journal of Child Health Care 7, no. 3 (2013): 230–241.
The investigators say their results underscore the need for clinicians to better understand the effects of age, ethnicity, family dynamics, and disease knowledge on patients’ well-being and to incorporate interventions aimed at decreasing depressive symptoms (such as sadness and feelings of guilt) and increasing emotional quality of life for individuals with heart failure, a chronic condition affecting more than five million Americans. The study involved 117 patient-family pairs recruited from three large medical centers in the southeast U.S. and explored patients’ perceptions of their family functioning (such as communication and problem solving); autonomy support (how much relatives accept, rather than criticize, patient choices around care); and family members’ knowledge about heart failure and its management. Among the findings: Younger patients and those perceiving poor family functioning should be considered at risk for greater depressive symptoms and a diminished quality of daily life. Ethnicity was also a factor in outcomes. For example, researchers noted that African-American patients appeared less sensitive than whites to lower family functioning, which could be partly explained by having more sources of emotional support, such as extended families and faith communities.
Melissa Sutherland Fontenot, H.B., H.C. Fantasia, A.C. Charyk, M.A. Sutherland, “Human Papillomavirus (HPV) Risk Factors, Vaccination Patterns, and Vaccine Perceptions Among a Sample of Male College Students,” Journal of American College Health 62, no. 3 (2014): 186–192. Fontenot, H.B., H.C. Fantasia, T.J. Lee-St. John, M.A. Sutherland, “The Effects of Intimate Partner Violence Duration on Individual and Partner-Related Sexual Risk Factors Among Women,” Journal of Midwifery & Women’s Health 59, no. 1 (2014): 67–73.
Sutherland, M.A., H.B. Fontenot, H.C. Fantasia, “Beyond Assessment: Examining Providers’ Responses to Disclosures of Violence,” Journal of the American Association of Nurse Practitioners (2014). DOI: 10.1002/23276924.12101
Danny Willis Willis, D.G., P.J. Grace, D.J. Perry, T.L. Zucchero, “Facilitating Humanization: Liberating the Profession of Nursing from Institutional Confinement on Behalf of Social Justice,” in Philosophies and Practices of Emancipatory Nursing: Social Justice as Praxis, eds. P.N. Kagan, M.C. Smith, P.L. Chinn (London, England: Routledge, 2014).
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Terri LaCoursiere Zucchero Willis, D.G., P.J. Grace, D.J. Perry, T.L. Zucchero, “Facilitating Humanization: Liberating the Profession of Nursing from Institutional Confinement on Behalf of Social Justice,” in Philosophies and Practices of Emancipatory Nursing: Social Justice as Praxis, eds. P.N. Kagan, M.C. Smith, P.L. Chinn (London, England: Routledge, 2014).
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Sutherland, M.A., H.C. Fantasia, L. Adkison, “Sexual Health and Dissociative Experiences among Abused Women,” Issues in Mental Health Nursing 35, no. 1 (2014): 41–49.
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sonce@bc.edu 617-552-4256 All research summaries by Debra Bradley Ruder
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voice | spring 2014
boston college william f. connell school of nursing
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william william f. f. connell connell school school of of nursing nursing 140 140 Commonwealth Commonwealth Avenue Avenue Chestnut Hill, Hill, MA MA 02467 02467 Chestnut www.bc.edu/cson www.bc.edu/cson
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voice | spring 2014
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