Garden may 2015

RhodyBeat

presents

May 2015 A Special Supplement from

Beacon Communications

Going Green Thumb

On the Move Transplanting trees no small task

Simple steps to a more eco-friendly lawn

Soil Solutions The role of amendments in producing healthy soil

View this section online @ www.rhodybeat.com

Lawn & Garden TIME • May 2015 • 2

Mount Hope Farmers Market Mount Hope Farm 250 Metacom Ave, Bristol Sa, 9:00 am - 1:00 pm, Year Round Haines State Park Farmers Market Haines Memorial State Park Haines Park Rd, Barrington W, 2:00 pm - 6:00 pm, May 6 to Oct 28

Neutaconkanut Park Farmers Market Neutaconkanut Park Plainfield St, Providence M, 3:00 pm - 6:00 pm, Jul 6 to Oct 26

Goddard State Park Farmers Market 345 Ives Rd, Warwick F, 9:00 am - 1:00 pm, May 1 to Oct 30

Hope Street Saturday Farmers Market Lippitt Park 1059 Hope St, Providence Sa, 9:00 am - 1:00 pm, May 16 to Oct 31

East Greenwich Farmers Market Eldredge Elementary 101 1st Avenue, East Greenwich M, 2:00 pm - 6:00 pm, Jun 1 to Oct 5 Aquidneck Growers’ Saturday Farmers Market Newport Vineyards & Winer 909 East Main Road, Middletown Sa, 9:00 am - 1:00 pm, May 16 to Oct 31 Aquidneck Growers’ Wednesday Farmers Market Along the shaded walk Memorial Blvd And Chapel St, Newport W, 2:00 pm - 6:00 pm, May 20 to Oct 28

Visit a Rhode Island Farmers Market Today!

Woonsocket Farmers Market Thundermist Health Center 450 Clinton St. Tu, 3:00 pm - 6:00 pm, Jul 7 to Oct 27

West Warwick Farmers Market Thundermist Health Center 186 Providence Street, West Warwick Th, 3:00 pm - 6:00 pm, Jul 9 to Oct 29

Greene Farmers Market Greene Public Library 179 Hopkins Hollow Road Tu, 4:00pm-7:00pm, Jun 2 to Oct 6

IT’S RI GROWN TIME

Broad Street Farmers Market Algonquin House 807 Broad St, Providence Sa, 8:30 am - 12:00 pm, Jul 11 to Oct 31

Jamestown Farmers Market Fort Getty Pavillion 913 Fort Getty Rd, Jamestown M, 4:00-7:00pm, Jun 29 to Aug 31 Burrillville Farmers Market Stillwater Mill Complex 75 Tinkham Lane, Harrisville Sa, 9:30 am - 12:30 pm, May 16 to Oct 17 RIC/Fruit Hill Farmers Market Rhode Island College 600 Mount Pleasant Ave., Providence Th, 4:00 pm - 6:00 pm, Aug 6 to Oct 1 North Providence Farmers Market Governor John Notte, Jr. Park off of Route 7 1675 Douglas Avenue F, 3:30 pm - 6:00 pm, Jul 17 to Sep 11 Downtown Farmers Market Kennedy Plaza Washington St, Providence Tu, 3:00 pm - 6:00 pm, Jul 7 to Oct 27 Pawtucket Slater Park Farmers Market Slater Park, Pawtucket Su, 12:00 pm - 3:00 pm, Jul 12 to Oct 25 Brown University Farmers Market Wriston Quad Thayer St And George St, Providence W, 11:00am - 2:00pm, Sep 9 to Oct 28 Armory Farmers Market Dexter Park by the Cranston Armory Parade St and Hudson St, Providence Th, 3:30 pm - 7:00 pm or dusk, May 28 to Oct 29

Pawtuxet Village Farmers Market Rhodes on the Pawtuxet Parking Lot 60 Rhodes Pl, Cranston Sa, 9:00 am - 12:00 pm, May 9 to Oct 31 East Providence Farmers Market Weaver Library, 41 Grove Ave Th, 4:00pm – 7:00pm, Jun 25 to Sep 10 Central Falls Farmers Market Jenks Park, Broad Street Th, 11:00am – 3:00pm, Jul 16 to Sep 17 Providence/Whole Foods University Whole Foods - University Heights 601 North Main St., Providence M, 3:00 pm - 7:00 pm or dusk, May 18 to Oct 26 Cranston/Whole Foods Garden City 151 Sockanosset Cross Road, Cranston Th, 3:00 pm - 7:00 pm or dusk, Jun 4 to Oct 22 Scituate Farmers Market Village Green, Scituate Art Festival Grounds West Greenville Rd And Silk Lane, North Scituate Sa, 9:00 am - 12:00 pm, May 9 to Oct 3 Capitol Hill Farmers Market RI Department of Health 3 Capitol Hill, Providence Th, 11:00 am - 2:00 pm, Jul 9 to Oct 29 Johnston Farmers Market Memorial Park 1583 Hartford Ave. M, 2:00 pm - 6:00 pm, Jul 27 to Oct 26 Hope Street Wednesday Farmers Market Lippitt Park 1059 Hope St, Providence W, 3:00 pm - 6:00 pm, May 20 to Oct 28 Northwest Farmers Market Petersen Farm 451 Putnam Pike, Chepachet Su, 11:00am - 2:00pm, Jun 14 to Sep 27 Greenville Farmers Market St. Thomas Episcopal Church Route 44, Greenville Sa,1:00pm - 4:00pm, May 16 to Oct 17 Schoolyard Farmers Market Hope & Main, 691 Main St, Warren Su, 11:00 am - 3:00pm, Jul 19 to Sep 27

Pawtucket Farmers Market Walgreens,100 Broad Street, Pawtucket Su, 12:00 pm - 3:00pm, Jul 12 to Nov 1 Sankofa Farmers Market Knight Memorial Library 275 Elmwood Ave, Providence W, 3:00pm - 7:00pm, Jul 1 to Sep 30 Westerly / Pawcatuck Farmers Market Just past The Bridge restaurant 85 Main Street, Westerly Th, 10:00 am - 1:00 pm, Jun 18 to Oct 15 Charlestown Farmers Market Church of the Holy Spirit 4150 Old Post Rd. F, 9:30 am - 1:00 pm, Jun 26 to Aug 28 Coastal Growers Market Casey Farm 2325 Boston Neck Road, Saunderstown Sa, 8:30 am - 12:30 pm, May 9 to Oct 31 South Kingstown URI Farmers Market URI East Farm 2095 Kingstown Rd., South Kingstown Sa, 8:30 am - 12:00 pm, May 2 to Oct 31 Wakefield / Marina Park Farmers Market Marina Park, South County Hospital exit off Rt. 1 239 Salt Pond Rd, Wakefield Tu, 2:00 pm - 6:00 pm, May 5 to Oct 27 Westerly / Avondale Farmers Market Heart of Avondale 93 Watch Hill Road, Westerly Th, 3-5:30, Jun 4 to Aug 27 Wickford Village Farmers Market Town Parking Lot 63 Brown St Th,1:00pm - 5:00pm, Jun 4 to Oct 8 Block Island Saturday Farmers Market Negus Park 100 Ocean Ave., Block Island Sa, 9:00 am - 11:30 am, Jun 13 to Oct 10 Block Island Wednesday Farmers Market Manisses Corner High St And Spring St, Block Island W, 9:00 am - 11:30 am, Jun 17 to Oct 7 Weekapaug Farmers Market Weekapaug Fire District Office 4 Wawaloam Ave, Weekapaug F, 8:30 am - 11:30 am, Jun 26 to Aug 28 Richmond Farmers Market Richmond Town Hall Route 138 At Richmond Townhouse Rd Sa, 9:00 am - 12:30 pm, May 16 to Oct 17 Fishermen’s Memorial State Park Farmers Market 1011 Point Judith Road, Narragansett Su, 9:00 am - 1:00 pm, May 3 to Oct 25

.

H S E L. R F GET Y LOCA BU

16 Amendments can help produce healthy soil

5 Seeding and fertilizing schedule

16 Did you know – biosolids

6 Explaining aeration

17 How to spot an unhealthy tree

8 The many benefits of hiring a professional landscaper

18 Transplanting trees no small task

9 Watering tips to produce healthy lawns 9 Did you know – lawn­damage 10 Going after grubs in your lawn 11 Common lawn critters and pests 11 Did you know – Neem oil

19 Pruning trees a job best left to the pros 20 Ideas for pool perimeter landscaping

3 • May 2015 • Lawn & Garden TIME

4

4 A more eco-friendly lawn is just steps away

16

22 Secrets to keeping an organized shed 22 Maintaining bird feeders and bird baths essential to avian health

12 Find the best method of treating warm weather insects

14

14 Simple sustainable gardening tips 15 Break ground with the right tools

22

Lawn & Garden TIME • May 2015 • 4

A more

eco-friendly lawn is just steps away

M

aintaining a lush lawn is a healthy and rewarding hobby that affords homeowners to spend some time outdoors in nature. Lawn enthusiasts can make their hobby even healthier by adopting several eco-friendly lawn care strategies that not only make for a healthier lawn, but a healthier planet as well.

Responsible landscaping has grown increasingly popular in recent years, as more and more homeowners are adopting eco-friendly lawn care practices in the same way they have embraced environmentally conscious behaviors in other areas of their lives. The following are a handful of ways lawn care enthusiasts can incorporate eco-friendly practices into their landscaping routines.

Maintain an appropriate grass height.

When temperatures start to peak in summer, homeowners may be tempted to cut their grass as close as possible so they can reduce the number of afternoons they spend riding or pushing a mower in the

hot sun. But cutting too low makes the grass increasingly susceptible to infestations and disease, and such problems may need to be remedied with potentially harmful pesticides if no other approach proves effective. Even if it means an extra afternoon or two mowing under the hot sun, maintaining an appropriate grass height can lead to a healthier lawn, as longer grass soaks up more sunlight, allowing it to grow a deep root system that will help a lawn survive drought and other potential problems.

Cut back on harmful pesticides. Many homeowners now prefer to avoid pesticides at all costs, but sometimes pesticides are a last resort when lawns are falling victim to harmful insects and organisms. Homeowners who want to embrace more eco-friendly lawn care practices can cut back on their use of pesticides, first trying more environmentally friendly options. For example, biopesticides are made from naturally occurring materials, including animals,

plants, bacteria, and certain minerals.

According to the United States Environmental Protection Agency, biopesticides are often inherently less toxic than more conventional pesticides. In addition, biopesticides typically affect only the pest causing the problem, whereas broad spectrum pesticides may affect surrounding organisms, such as birds and mammals, in addition to the targeted pest. The EPA (www.epa.gov) advises homeowners hoping to use biopesticides first learn about managing pests so they can effectively remedy problems on their properties.

Harvest rainwater. Lawns need water, especially when temperatures rise in the summer. But watering lawns can have an adverse effect on your community’s water supply, draining that supply and hurting the community in the long run.

Homeowners who can harvest rainwater can drastically reduce their impact on their community water supply, thereby helping the planet and their community,

especially if they reside in locales where water resources are traditionally scarce.

When rainwater is harvested, it is collected from downspouts before it washes into nearby sewage systems. Many lawn and garden retailers sell rainwater harvesting systems, which homeowners can install themselves or pay a landscaping professional to install for them.

Lay mulch down around trees, shrubs and flower beds. Trees, shrubs and flower beds need water, especially in the summer when rising temperatures pose a threat to plants. Homeowners can cut back on the water they use to protect those plants by laying organic mulch in the spring. Organic mulch conserves moisture in soil, promoting stronger roots in plants and helping homeowners cut back on the amount of watering they need to maintain a garden that’s both healthy and pleasing to the eye. Organic mulch, which might be made of bark, is also heavy, making it hard for ugly weeds that rob plants of water to thrive.

Seed and fertilize when temperatures are moderate and soil is warm. Remember to keep new grass seed moist with frequent watering.

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estoring lawns and gardens back to their pre-winter glory is high on many a homeowner’s landscaping to-do list. In much of the country, the best times to tackle lawn projects are when temperatures are moderate, like in spring and fall. These seasons also mark the best time to seed and fertilize.

Planting and fertilizing new grass seed should be done when frost is no longer a concern and before frost arrives if you are d planting in autumn. According to Roger Cook, a landscape contractor and contributor to This Old House magazine, sowing lawn seed should be done when the soil is warm, the daytime temperatures are moderate and you can keep the new seeds quite moist at all times.

While grass seed can be applied in the summer, it is more challenging to get the seeds to take root and thrive at this time, as water is more likely to evaporate under the hot sun.

Also, many weeds germinate in the heat of summer. As a result, the weeds can infiltrate areas of the lawn where you planted, compromising the look of your lawn.

The process of reseeding and fertilizing your lawn is relatively similar if you decide to do so in late spring or early fall.

Rake the parts of the lawn you plan to seed and remove any debris or rocks.

Apply fertilizer to the cleared planting area. Use a rake or tiller to break up the soil and distribute the fertilizer to a depth of

roughly two to four inches. Speak with a landscaper about which type of fertilizer you will need depending on where you live. Many fertilizers contain extra phosphorous to stimulate root growth in the lawn.

Moisten the prepared area and let the soil settle. You want the soil damp but not so wet that it causes the newly applied fertilizer to run off.

Begin to sow the grass seed according to the rate indicated on the seed bag for the type of grass you will be growing. Choose a grass seed that will thrive in your climate.

Certain seeds are more tolerant of drought and sunlight, while other species are better for shady areas or damper climates. Again, if you have any questions, consult with a lawn and garden center.

Spread the seed with a broadcast spreader. Some lawn experts recommend spreading the seed in parallel rows and then repeating the process again in rows set at a right angle to the first series of rows for the best chances of seed coverage. The seeds then can be raked into the soil, covered with a little more soil and patted down.

Water to keep the seeds damp. This may require watering twice or more per day until the seeds begin to germinate. Covering the seeds with about 1⁄4 inch of straw also can help keep the seeds moist, deter seed scavengers and prevent soil erosion. Remove the straw once the grass begins to grow.

Roughly four weeks after the seeds have started to grow, apply another round of fertilizer to replenish the top layer of soil with nutrients that may have washed away from the constant watering.

Homeowners can employ a similar process to overseed a lawn in the hopes of producing a thicker, more attractive landscape. Any thatch and debris should be raked away, and the top layer of the lawn surface can be gently aerated. Top dress the lawn with a very thin layer of new soil and compost.

Broadcast the seed over the prepared lawn and lightly rake the new seeds to help them settle into the soil. Apply fertilizer and water the lawn frequently to keep the new seeds moist.

Once the seed has established itself, you can water the lawn for longer periods and less frequently to help develop strong roots.

Wait for the lawn to reach a height of three to four inches before the first cut of the season.

Many homeowners like to take on the challenge of seeding and preparing their lawns.

But some may find the task is best left to the professionals.

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5 • May 2015 • Lawn & Garden TIME

Seeding and fertilizing schedule

Lawn & Garden TIME • May 2015 • 6

YARD SERVICE

Explaining aeration

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combining to create thatch just below the surface of the grass. That thatch also makes it difficult for water and nutrients to reach the soil where they can promote strong, healthy root systems. Aeration helps to combat the buildup of thatch and promote a healthy lawn.

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irst-time homeowners or those just beginning to embrace their inner landscaper may notice their neighbors using a machine to punch holes in their lawns and wonder what they’re doing. While aeration is slightly more complicated than simply punching holes in a lawn, that’s likely what your neighbors are up to when you see them manning an unfamiliar machine in their lawns.

Aeration may be a foreign concept to men and women with little lawn care experience, but it’s a relatively simple way to ensure your lawn stays healthy.

WHAT IS AERATION? Lawn aeration is the practice of perforating the surface of a lawn in an effort to promote stronger roots and a healthier landscape. A host of factors, from inclement weather to kids using the yard as a playground to the type of grass in a yard, can make it difficult for lawns to thrive.

Aerating is a way to counter some of the things that prevent lawns from looking lush.

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WHY SHOULD I AERATE? Aeration is practiced so lawns can grow deeper roots, as poking holes in the surface breaks up compacted soil, thereby allowing air, nutrients and water to reach the root system.

Over time, a lawn that is not aerated is likely to feature compacted soil that won’t absorb water and nutrients, which are essential to maintaining a healthy lawn.

Lawns that are not aerated also tend to build up thatch. Thatch is a matted layer of materials that can build up in a lawn over time. Grass clippings and other debris might not stick to your shoe when you walk through the yard, but they are

CAN I DO IT MYSELF? Homeowners with little experience caring for their lawns may want to consult professionals before tackling the project themselves. Many professional landscaping services have experience in aerating lawns, which can be labor-intensive.

Aerating is not necessarily a difficult task, but some aerators do not cover much soil surface with each pass they make, so it can take a while to complete a full aeration of your lawn. In addition, some homeowners may be uncomfortable operating an aerator, and that can lead to mistakes that can harm a lawn. Homeowners pressed for time or those concerned about their ability to operate an aerator may benefit from hiring professionals and then watching how the pros do it. If you watch carefully, you might be more confident come the next time your lawn needs to be aerated.

HOW OFTEN SHOULD I AERATE? Lawns that are not subject to heavy use can go longer between aerations than those with more frequent use. If kids play in the yard every day or if you routinely host parties where guests spend lots of time in the yard, your lawn will benefit from more frequent aeration. Speak to a landscaping professional about how often your property needs to be aerated, as there may be certain region-specific variables that will influence how frequently a lawn should be aerated.

WHEN SHOULD I AERATE? Landscaping professionals recommend aerating lawns during the growing season, when holes created by aeration can be filled by growing grass. Homeowners should consult with a landscaping professional about when to aerate their lawns, as the type of grass may also determine the best time to aerate.

Aeration is a great way for homeowners to ensure their lawns stay lush and healthy for years to come.

7 • May 2015 • Lawn & Garden TIME

Lawn & Garden TIME • May 2015 • 8

The many benefits of hiring a professional landscaper Time saved and a professional job are just two of the reasons homeowners hire lawn care companies.

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he flowers are blooming, and the grass has begun to grow anew, making spring a great time for homeowners to once again turn their attention to landscaping. Those who aren’t looking forward to dusting off their lawnmowers and rethreading their string trimmers may want to hire professional landscapers to tend to their lawns and gardens.

A recent joint study by the National Gardening Association, Residential Lawn and Landscape Services and the Value of Landscaping found that homeowners spend roughly $45 billion per year on professional lawn and landscape services, as nearly 30 percent of all households across the United States use at least one type of lawn or landscape service. The rising use of lawn care services is indicative of homeowners’ appreciation of the convenience and craftsmanship professional services can provide. While the impact professional landscapers can have on a property’s aesthetic appeal is considerable, homeowners also benefit from working with professional landscapers in various other ways.

Time savings: One of the biggest benefits of leaving lawn care to the professionals is the amount of time it will save for the average homeowner. Lawns generally need to be mowed once per week during the spring and summer seasons and, depending on the size of the property, that can take an hour or more. Add the time it takes to clean up clippings, mulch landscaping beds and edge the property, and homeowners can expect to devote a significant chunk of their weekends to caring for their lawns. Lawn services employ a few workers who make fast work of the job, leaving homeowners time to enjoy their weekends however they see fit.

Reduced risk for injury: Maintaining a landscape is hard work, and those unaccustomed to this type of activity may find themselves winded or at risk of injury.

Improper use of lawn equipment also is a safety hazard. Leaving the work to professionals can help homeowners avoid strained backs, lacerations, pulled muscles, sunburns, and any other dangers that can result when tackling landscaping projects.

Financial savings: On the surface, hiring a landscaping service may seem like a costly venture. However, after crunching some numbers, many homeowners realize that doing the work themselves may cost more in the long run than hiring a professional landscaping service.

Homeowners who decide to go it alone must purchase expensive equipment, and those lawn tools will require routine maintenance, which costs additional money.

Inexperienced homeowners may incur extra fees to “fix” mistakes that occur during the learning process. Each year, new seed, fertilizer, mulch, pesticides, and other supplies also must be purchased.

But professional lawn care services typically charge a set fee per month, and that fee covers the maintenance of both your property and the equipment needed to keep that property looking great.

Know-how: Many professional landscapers know how to address lawn care issues that may arise throughout the year.

They will know how to deal with dry patches of lawn or poorly draining areas,

and they also can make recommendations on plants that will thrive under certain conditions.

One-stop shopping: Certain landscaping services provide many different options for prospective customers. Basic lawn cuts may be one package, but there also may be services for seasonal seeding, weeding, leaf clean-up, and winterizing.

Consistent maintenance: Homeowners who frequently travel or spend much of their summers away from home often find that lawn care companies are a wise investment. Established weekly schedules ensure the landscape always will look its best whether homeowners are home or out of town.

Spring is a great time for homeowners to decide if hiring professional landscaping services is in their best interests. The time and money saved, as well as impact professional landscapers can have on a property, makes landscaping services a great investment for many homeowners.

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growth of fungus and adversely affect your lawn’s root system, making it difficult for roots to grow deep. Speak with a local landscaping professional to determine how often you should water your lawn each week.

ummer is a season for landscaping, and homeowners who live in regions that get especially hot in the summertime often worry that their lawns won’t make it through the dog days of summer looking lush. But lawns don’t have to succumb to the sizzling summer sun.

Oftentimes, the right watering strategies can help homeowners nurse their lawns through the hottest months of the year, ensuring the lawns make it to autumn looking as green as they did back at the height of spring.

Reconsider when you’re watering.

Come summertime, homeowners may want a glass of water at high noon, when temperatures seem to be at their hottest.

But you and your lawn are different, so the best time to satiate your thirst is not necessarily the best time to water your lawn.

Watering in the middle of the day is often ineffective, as water tends to evaporate quickly in the afternoons when temperatures are peaking. Nighttime watering can contribute to the growth of fungus, which can create an entirely new set of headaches for homeowners. Morning watering sessions tend to be most effective during the summertime, as temperatures tend to be cooler in the morning, leading to less evaporation. Less evaporation means all that watering isn’t going to waste.

Reconsider your sprinkler. If you can’t afford an in-ground irrigation system, which many landscaping professionals feel

Poorly placed sprinklers that shoot water out onto driveways and other surfaces that do not need water can rob a lawn of water it desperately needs when temperatures climb in the summertime. is the most effective and efficient way to water a lawn, then you likely will rely on a sprinkler to keep your lawn looking lush through the summer months. When choosing a sprinkler, look for one that shoots water out horizontally as opposed to vertically. A vertical sprinkler system is more vulnerable to wind and evaporation than one that shoots water out horizontally, so

DID YOU KNOW?

make sure your sprinkler system is sending water into your lawn and not into summer breezes.

Avoid overwatering. How much water your lawn needs in the summertime depends on a host of factors, including where you live and how often rain falls in that region. Overwatering can promote the

Strategically position your sprinklers.

When choosing where to put down your sprinklers, hook them up to your hose, turn them on and then watch to see where the water is going. Areas that exposed to sun are most in need of water, so make sure the bulk of your water isn’t going to shaded areas beneath trees. In addition, make sure you aren’t wasting water on sidewalks, patios and driveways. Sprinklers should be positioned so none of the water they’re shooting out is landing on surfaces that don’t need water. It sounds simple, but too often homeowners drop their sprinklers down, turn them on and then walk away without waiting to see where the water is landing. Position sprinklers or adjust sprinkler heads so all the water is landing on your lawn.

Keeping a lawn lush and green at the height of summer requires homeowners to adopt effective strategies. Such a strategies can make the difference between a lush landscape and one that succumbs to summer heat.

Damage to a lawn may be indicative of various problems.

Everything from insects to rodents to the family pet may be responsible for causing burnt patches, holes and other eyesores.

Getting to the bottom of the problem is the first step in remediation. Burning and discoloration of the lawn is often a result of high concentrations of dog urine pooling in one area. Diluting the urine by hosing down areas of the lawn can clear up many problems. Birds, raccoons, skunks, moles, and other rodents may feed on grubs that reside just under the thatch of the lawn, and animals may tear up lawns in search of this delicacy. Treating the grub problem usually alleviates damage caused by animals. Mole crickets are another common lawn destroyer. These insects resemble crickets, but they burrow beneath the turf to feed on plant roots. The mole crickets can push up channels of turf as they burrow, exposing roots to the elements and causing the grass to die. Getting rid of the insects can revitalize the lawn.

9 • May 2015 • Lawn & Garden TIME

Watering tips to produce healthy lawns

Lawn & Garden TIME • May 2015 • 10

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Going after grubs in your lawn

Applying an appropriate insecticide is one way homeowners can prevent grub infestations.

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andscaping is a rewarding hobby for many homeowners. Men and women with green thumbs often take pride in their lush lawns and gardens, feeling a sense of accomplishment as their landscapes spend spring and summer returning to form and making yards more inviting spaces to spend relaxing summer nights.

But even the most well-maintained lawns are not immune to problems that can compromise all the hard work men and women put into their lawns. One such problem many homeowners encounter is a grub infestation. Grubs are a type of pest that can cause considerable damage to lawns, and while many homeowners have no doubt heard of grubs, they might want to learn more about these pesky pests so they know what to do should grubs ever appear in their yards.

WHAT ARE GRUBS? Grubs are insects that live in the soil, where they feed on grass and roots.

Many grubs are the larva of Japanese beetles, and those beetles typically lay their eggs in sun-drenched areas of lawns in midsummer.

WHAT ARE SIGNS OF GRUB DAMAGE? Grubs not only damage lawns on their own, but they serve as food sources for local wildlife as well, attracting wildlife, which can do its own damage to lawns.

Lawns can turn brown for a variety of reasons, and grubs are just one of many potential culprits behind the browning of once-luscious landscapes. Grubs feed

on roots, so homeowners who suspect their lawns have fallen victim to grub infestations can pull up the areas where grass has turned brown to see if there are any grubs, which look like worms.

Landscapes that have suddenly become popular among local wildlife that is digging up lawns may also be infested with grubs. Skunks and raccoons feed on grubs, and may dig up lawns where grubs are present.

Damage resulting from grub infestation is most visible from late summer to early fall.

CAN GRUB DAMAGE BE PREVENTED? Preventing grub infestation typically requires homeowners to keep watchful eyes on their lawns. Pay particular attention to areas that begin to brown, especially areas that are turning brown in spite of adequate watering. An early indicator of a grub infestation is small grubs around the roots of grass. In such instances, applying insecticide may be enough to prevent a small grub problem from spreading.

Insecticides also can be an effective preventative measure for homeowners looking to avoid grub infestations.

Speak with a local landscaping professional for recommendations about which insecticide to apply and how best to apply it.

WHAT CAN I DO ABOUT GRUB DAMAGE? Attempting to treat grubs in the spring may be ineffective, as grubs are large and no longer feeding in spring. So homeowners dealing with grub infestations should address the situation before they retire their green thumbs for the winter. Remove debris from grub infestations with a rake before watering the affected areas. Watering can help some damaged roots recover, but areas that have been especially damaged may need to be reseeded.

Grub infestations can be a nuisance to homeowners who put lots of time and effort into their lawns. But homeowners can take steps to treat such infestations and prevent them from returning the following summer.

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ritters and pests can make landscaping afficionados want to pull the hair out of their heads. Such unwanted guests can come along just as a lawn or garden is rounding into shape, disrupting plant growth and leaving an unappealing landscape in their wake. The following are some of the more common critters and pests and how to recognize them.

Chinch bugs: Chinch bugs like to feast on grass that is significantly exposed to sunlight. Though tiny chinch bugs are visible to the naked eye, homeowners may find they need to get especially close to the ground to see them. Chinch bugs may be living in thatch, so dethatching your lawn with a rake can make it easier to detect their presence. As chinch bugs rob grass of its moisture, they also inject toxins into the grass that loosens it from the soil.

Grubs: Grubs are the larvae of beetles and are the nemesis of many a landscaping enthusiast because they typically produce patches of unsightly brown grass in their wake. The grass is discolored because grubs eat its roots, and the resulting damage may be mistaken for sun damage when temperatures are especially high. Worm-like in appearance, grubs also are a nuisance because they serve as a food source for wildlife, including raccoons and skunks. Such animals may cause further damage to a lawn in search of grubs to eat.

Moles: Moles tend to appear in lawns that have been excessively watered, as these

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Mole crickets: Mole crickets are a formidable foe to homeowners. As mole crickets tunnel through the soil beneath a lawn looking for insects to eat, they leave brown patches behind and affect the feel of the grass, which may feel as though it’s squishing and squashing beneath your feet. Mole crickets may eat grass roots, so the presence of dying grass may be indicative of a mole cricket infestation.

Voles: Voles are small rodents that chew their way through the grass, leaving unsightly trails of damage in their wake.

Homeowners who suspect their lawn has been victimized by voles can usually tell because the voles will leave noticeable pathways in the ground that can make a lawn look cracked in the way a roadway may looked cracked after an earthquake.

Many critters are specific to certain regions, so before addressing a pest issue in your lawn, speak with a local lawn and garden or landscaping professional to confirm just which pest is causing so many problems around your property.

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Neem oil is a naturally occurring pesticide that can be used to combat a host of landscaping pests and diseases.

Azadirachtin is an active component in neem oil that can be extracted to repel and kill pests. Studies have shown that neem oil is nearly nontoxic to bees, birds, fish, and wildlife.

In addition, neem oil has no link to cancer or other diseases, making it a safe insecticide when applied correctly. When consumed by insects, including grubs, insecticides made from neem oil can make those insects cease feeding or reduce their feeding, helping to prevent the spread of lawn problems associated with certain insect infestations. In addition, neem oil can hinder the maturation process of larvae by interfering with insect hormone systems, which can prevent them from breeding. As is the case when applying any pesticides, parents should be mindful of their children after applying neem oil. Though studies have not found children are more sensitive to neem oil than adults, parents may want to err on the side of caution and prevent their children from playing in areas of the yard where neem oil was recently applied.

11 • May 2015 • Lawn & Garden TIME

Common lawn critters and pests

Lawn & Garden TIME • May 2015 • 12

Find the best method of treating warm weather insects

H

omeowners know that the arrival of spring also marks the reemergence of insects. While not every insect is harmful, if an infestation grows considerably or if insects begin to move from the outdoors into a home, it may be time for homeowners to call in a professional.

The Entomological Society of America points out that homeowners cannot count on bitterly cold winters to help control the numbers of insects in their yards. Insect ecology is affected by various factors and is not solely dependent on temperature.

Furthermore, what occurred one year certainly may not be repeated the next, as homeowners who have had various insect infestations in their yards can attest. One year a yard may be overcome with ants, while the next year it may suffer through an earwig infestation.

The first step homeowners looking to curtail insects in their yards can take is to determine if the insects they see are genuine threats to their lawns. Some bugs emerge and swarm early in the season, but then gradually disappear as spring turns into summer. Other insects may come out of hiding if a homeowner is doing a lot of yard work or construction around a house.

Practice a wait-and-see approach to determine if you really have an insect problem or just have stirred up activity.

Homeowners also must decide if it is bearable living with the insects. If insects are not doing any damage or if they can be controlled relatively easily, then you might be able to avoid calling in the professionals. However, if critters like termites and certain species of wood-eating insects are invasive and damaging your yard, you may need to take action.

Anyone concerned with the side effects of pesticides and insecticides can first try to remedy the problem naturally. Sometimes it’s just a matter of making a yard less hospitable to insects. Remove leaves and clean up

debris close to the house, as these can both encourage infestations. Piles of rotting wood or leftover firewood can be a food or shelter source for a number of insects. Inspect water spigots for leaks and improve suspect drainage on your property, as these things can be welcoming to bugs that like moist surroundings. Remove standing water whenever possible to eliminate spots for mosquitoes to incubate larvae.

Natural remedies also may do the trick. Mint, bay leaves, catnip, and garlic can repel insects like roaches and ants. Citrus can be a natural flea deterrent. Some homeowners have had success planting marigolds around their yards to serve as a natural bug repellent because the flowers produce a scent that many insects find repulsive. Thai lemon grass plants also can be used to keep mosquitoes at bay.

Remember, natural predators, such as birds, bats, spiders, and larger insects, feed on nuisance bugs. Keeping these helpful predators around may be an effective and natural way for homeowners to control annoying pests.

If an insect problem seems out of control or if you need a professional opinion about the damage being done to your home or landscape, consult with an exterminator. Licensed exterminators have the training and expertise to assess insect concerns and create a plan of action that will minimize the risk to inhabitants of your home and nearby wildlife. An exterminator will know what it takes to treat insects and maximize the chances of removing the problem promptly and effectively.

Warm weather is synonymous with many things, including the return of insects. Homeowners may be able to treat unruly bugs on their own, but especially problematic infestations may require the help of experienced exterminators.

13 • May 2015 • Lawn & Garden TIME

Lawn & Garden TIME • May 2015 • 14

Simple sustainable gardening tips

known for helping flower and plant beds retain moisture, but mulch also prevents the growth of weeds. Preventing weed growth means your water is going to the plants and flowers you intended it for and not to greedy and unsightly weeds.

Preventing weed growth also reduces your use of potentially harmful pesticides to curtail the growth of weeds.

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ustainability is a concept that can be applied to many facets of life, and gardening is no exception.

Sustainable gardening involves preserving and protecting resources, which can benefit us both in the present and in the future.

Sustainability is especially applicable to gardening, and the following are a handful of ways green thumbers can embrace sustainability in their gardens.

Choose to water more effectively.

Oscillating sprinklers may harken today’s gardeners back to the carefree days of their childhoods when they would run through the sprinklers in their parents’ yards. But such sprinklers can lose substantial amounts of water to evaporation.

When designing an irrigation plan for your lawn and garden, use drip irrigation or soaker hoses to conserve water. If you must use sprinklers, make sure they are not shooting water too high, as wind can blow the water away from the yard where it belongs, and be sure to position them so no water is landing on sidewalks, the driveway or the street.

Add mulch to flower and plant beds.

Many a gardener has gone to bed with a beautiful garden only to return in the ensuing days and see flower and plant beds littered with weeds. Mulch is perhaps best

Develop a compost pile. Compost is made up of decayed organic material, and it can be used as a fertilizer. Gardeners can make their own compost piles at home, providing valuable minerals and nutrients for their lawns, without having to rely on store-bought amendments that need to be produced, packaged and transported before they can make it onto the shelves in your local lawn and garden center.

Choose native plants. A garden filled with exotic plants and flowers may be stunning, but unless those plants are native to where you live, that beauty is coming at a steep price. When choosing plants for your garden, choose native plants that are fully capable of thriving in your local climate.

Non-native plants are likely to need excessive watering and other less sustainable attention that native plants do not need.

Plant with a plan. When planting trees around your property, plant them in locations that can reduce your reliance on air conditioning in the warmer months. Plant a tree in a place where it will help to shade common areas inside your home so such rooms are comfortable without the air conditioner cranking all day long. You can go one step further, and plant deciduous trees that will shed their leaves when the weather gets cold, ensuring that sunlight you want to keep out in the summer can get in and warm up the house in the winter, reducing the amount of energy needed to heat your home.

he right tools for the job can be the difference between an interminable landscaping project and one that goes smoothly and efficiently. Aspiring landscapers probably have a few shovels and rakes hanging in their garages and sheds for basic landscaping work. But while such tools are effective for certain projects, when it comes to churning soil for garden beds or digging holes for outdoor structures, additional tools come in handy. It may be well worth a trip to a nearby home center to purchase or rent one of these tools ideal for breaking ground.

ROTOTILLER A rototiller, sometimes called just a “tiller,” is a powered garden tool designed to loosen soil prior to planting. A rototiller also can help aerate soil during the growing season. Because they reduce the need for manual spade digging or hoeing, tillers can be useful landscaping tools, particularly for homeowners who want to work efficiently.

Rototillers will break through tough soil and any plant roots. They come in a vari-

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ety of sizes, and it’s best to match the tool to the size of the job. Many homeowners can get by with smaller, less powerful models, especially if the tiller is only necessary at the beginning of planting season. Professional landscapers or those with large swatches of property may benefit from larger models.

AUGER Augers, both mechanical and manual, are essentially large drill bits that help move materials from one location to another.

Augers are typically used to cut holes in landscapes, and they are good for posthole drilling, which is part of the process of installing deck footings, fencing posts or other structures. Augers come in a variety of sizes, and homeowners can choose how much power they prefer.

Augers can be heavy and cumbersome, and many do-it-yourselfers will find that one-person augers are more than adequate for their projects.

Augers dig deep holes, so it is always smart to have the property surveyed prior to use. This way pipes, gas lines, buried electrical lines, and any other obstructions

are clearly identified prior to drilling.

CULTIVATOR Cultivators are similar to tillers in that they loosen soil. Cultivators are effective during the growth period of plants, when they can be used to aerate the soil and remove weeds. Cultivators come in handheld versions and push models, and some are even motorized. Cultivators get close to plants to remove weeds without disturbing the plant. They also are used to stir in compost or fertilizer.

While many people think cultivators and tillers are the same, that is not the case.

The former is less powerful and will mix the soil or stir up the top layer, while the latter can break up moderately hard ground and loosen firm soil.

When using any tools around the garden, wear the proper protection. This includes devices to protect hearing when power tools are in use as well as gloves and safety goggles. Tillers, augers and cultivators have the potential to toss soil and rocks into the air, so make sure others keep their distance while work is in progress.

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Break ground with the right tools T

Lawn & Garden TIME • May 2015 • 16

Amendments can help produce healthy soil

M

other Nature provides plenty to grow healthy lawns, gardens and landscapes. But as many homeowners know, some lawns sometimes need a little extra boost to complement nature. Soil sometimes must be amended so plants can thrive. Only after the right composition is created can plants take root and perform to the best of their abilities.

The Colorado State University Extension defines a soil amendment as any material added to soil to improve its physical properties. The goal is to provide a better environment for roots. Depending on what you are starting with, any number of ingredients must be added to the soil recipe. Water retention, permeability, drainage, aeration, nutrients, and water infiltration are some of the things amendments can improve when added to soil.

Before homeowners add anything to the soil in their yards, it is first important to determine what that soil needs. Homeowners may notice if soil is overly sandy or full of clay, but further testing can confirm what the soil is lacking. Soil tests are often available through local cooperative extension offices or private laboratories. Speak with a nursery or garden center about where you can get your soil tested. A comprehensive test may cost between $5 and $10 and can provide invaluable information that saves you hundreds of dollars in wasted plants and materials, not to mention effort. Some labs also can tailor their recommendations based on the type of planting you will be doing. For example, a vegetable garden may need different amendments than a row of azalea bushes.

Organic matter is a preferred soil amendment used by professional and novice gardeners alike. The decaying remains of plants release nutrients that are absorbed into the soil and used by microorganisms and bacteria, creating a healthy environment for plants. Organic material may break up compacted soil to increase drainage.

In sandy soil, organic material serves as a sponge to keep water from washing away. Compost and manure are two examples of frequently used organic materials.

Both of these materials are readily available at little cost.

Compost can be produced at home from food and plant scraps. Raked leaves and small amounts of grass clippings can be added to compost. Over time, the decomposition process will turn scraps into a nutrient-rich, dark

brown substance that provides many plants with all they need to thrive. Compost is particularly useful in vegetable gardens.

Manure should come from herbivores, or those animals that sustain themselves on grass and other plants.

Carnivores can produce harmful bacteria in their waste, which is not safe to use in gardens, particularly foodbearing gardens. Manure can be commercially purchased, or avid gardeners can work out arrangements with nearby livestock owners and farms. These people may be more than willing to give you manure for little to no cost if you cart it away. Dried manure is preferred because it will have minimal odor.

Additional forms of organic amendments include wood ash, sphagnum peat, wood chips, sawdust, and worm droppings.

Inorganic amendments also may be used, and are usually relied on to improve water retention and drainage.

Vermiculite, perlite, pea gravel, and sand are examples of inorganic amendments. A combination of organic and inorganic amendments can create the perfect mix for your needs.

Soil amendments typically are added to new and unplanted beds. Peat moss and shredded bark take years to decompose and will serve as long-term amendments in the soil. Compost breaks down quickly and may need to be worked in more frequently.

Experts recommend spreading amendments on the planting bed and then using a rake or tiller to work it in to a depth of about nine inches. Particularly sandy soil or soil with a lot of clay may need more amendments.

Permanent plants, such as trees or shrubs, also can benefit from the extra nutrient boost amendments provide. Sometimes it is sufficient to spread the material over the soil surface and let rainwater and wildlife help distribute it to the plant roots. Otherwise, work it into the top inch or two of the dirt with a hand cultivator.

Soil amendments can be the difference between a thriving garden and healthy landscape and one that has seen better days.

Did you know?

Biosolids are an organic amendment available to gardeners. According to the United States Environmental Protection Agency, biosolids are carefully treated and monitored residuals formed at sewage treatment facilities. They may be recycled into fertilizers to stimulate plant growth. Biosolids may help reduce the need for chemical fertilizers. Biosolids can be safe to use, but homeowners should be cautious about heavy metal content, pathogen levels and salts. Rely on only Class A biosolids, which have been treated to reduce the bacterial content and are approved for use in production agriculture. Home gardeners may want to avoid biosolids in vegetable gardens because of the potential for heavy metal content seeping into the produce.

Unhealthy trees may need to be removed from a property before they cause significant damage.

P

erhaps because they can live for so many years, trees have a way of falling down homeowners’ landscaping priority lists. Trees also tend to be big and strong, so it’s no surprise that they often are overlooked in favor or other areas of a lawn and garden that don’t seem so strong in the face of Mother Nature.

But trees are susceptible to damage and disease, and homeowners who learn to recognize symptoms of such problems can prevent them from escalating and reduce the risk that the trees will cause damage to their properties. The following are just some of the ways homeowners can determine if their trees are unhealthy.

Homeowners who suspect they have a tree that poses a safety risk should contact a professional tree service for an immediate inspection and steer clear of the tree until an inspection has been performed.

Check around the base of the tree. The base of a tree may offer some telltale signs that the tree is unhealthy. Soil that is cracked or raised at the base of the tree may be indicative of a tree that has started to uproot. If you recognize any cracking or if the soil is raised, look at the tree to see if it is leaning. If the soil is cracked or raised because it is uprooting, then the tree might have already started to lean in the opposite direction of the cracking or raised soil.

Examine for fungus. The growth of fun-

17 • May 2015 • Lawn & Garden TIME

How to spot an unhealthy tree

gus on the tree trunk or close to it may be a sign that the tree is rotting or decaying.

Fungal growth, such as a sudden population of mushrooms, around the base of the tree is another sign of decay. If the wood behind fungal growth crumbles easily, then homeowners should call a professional tree service, as the fungal problem on the tree has likely already been festering for quite some time.

Look for cavities on the trunk. Cracks and cavities on a tree may not be an emergency, but especially deep cracks and cavities may be indicative of a structural problem. Multiple cracks and cavities also serve as red flags.

Look for dead wood. It may sound simple, but dead wood poses a threat to the tree and anyone who happens to spend time in its vicinity. Dead wood snaps easily, and falling dead wood can harm anyone unlucky enough to be beneath the tree when the dead wood snaps. Dead wood branches won’t bend in the wind, and such branches frequently fall off of trees when strong gusts of wind come along. Dead branches either won’t have leaves or the leaves will be brown (dead pine branches will have brown needles).

Weak connections. Unhealthy trees often have weak connections between their branches and their trunks. If branches don’t appear to be strongly connected to the tree bark, call a tree service to determine a solution. The tree might not be on its way out, but you may have to take steps to strengthen the connections so branches are not at risk of falling.

Unhealthy trees can pose a significant safety hazard on a property. Homeowners who learn to recognize the signs of unhealthy trees can do something to prevent dying trees from damaging their homes.

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n alluring landscape can make a home that much more enjoyable.

Many homeowners devote considerable time to their lawns and gardens, and that devotion can pay both instant and long-term dividends. A well-groomed landscape can make it more enjoyable to relax in the yard, and such a property will be more attractive to prospective buyers when homeowners want to sell their homes.

But even the most well-designed landscapes sometimes need some rearranging, and those changes may involve transplanting trees. Homeowners may transplant trees for various reasons. Some homeowners might be moving to a new home and want to take a favorite tree along with them, while some trees simply outgrow their existing space and need to be moved elsewhere on the property. Regardless of why trees need to be transplanted, homeowners can take several steps to ensure the process goes as smoothly as possible.

Determine why the tree needs to be moved. Some trees that are not thriving in their existing location may not benefit from a transplant. For example, a tree with a pest infestation might need to be replaced rather than transplanted. Determining the reason behind a transplant can save you the trouble of transplanting that won’t benefit from the move. If a tree is not getting adequate sunlight in its present location, then transplanting it to a different location on your property with more exposure to sunlight might reinvigorate the tree. If soil

Prune the tree roots. Tiny roots that extend beyond the tree absorb water and nutrients, and such roots need to be pruned before transplanting a tree.

Landscaping professionals note that root pruning stimulates the growth of new small roots nearer to the tree’s trunk, and these newer roots will be dug up when the time comes to transplant the tree. Root pruning must be done well in advance of transplanting the tree. For example, if you hope to transplant the tree in the fall, then do your root pruning in the spring before new buds appear on the tree. Speak with your landscaper or a nearby garden center to determine the best way to prune your tree’s roots.

Time your transplant correctly. Avoid transplanting trees when temperatures are colder and the ground is frozen.

Transplanting before or after a thaw allows the transplanted roots time to develop. In addition, transplanting the day after you have watered the soil around the tree reduces the stress on the tree’s roots, making it easier to keep the root ball intact.

Protect the root ball. When transplanting a tree, make sure the root ball does not dry out. If it does, the tree likely won’t thrive in its new location and all your hard work will have been for naught. Cover the root ball with damp burlap or canvas so it can retain more of the moisture it will need to adapt to its new location.

Plant the tree sooner rather than later.

While you can store a transplanted tree before you plant it elsewhere on your property, storing it for a long period of time increases the chances that the transplant will be unsuccessful. Ideally, you want to plant the tree in its new location as soon as possible. If you must store it, make sure you don’t suffocate the root ball, as roots must be kept damp or they will die and potentially cost you the tree.

Transplanting a tree can add appeal to a property and help reinvigorate an unhealthy tree.

Bountiful, healthy trees can be beautiful to behold and important contributors to a thriving environment. According to American Forests, a nonprofit conservation organization, a tree can absorb as much as 40 pounds of carbon dioxide per year and can sequester one ton of carbon dioxide by the time the tree reaches age 40. The United States Forest Service adds that trees placed properly around a home can reduce air conditioning and heating demands considerably.

Many homeowners are content to leave healthy trees alone. However, trees eventually must be pruned or removed if they become safety risks or pose other threats. Trees with roots that are damaging home foundations or those with limbs overhanging property limits or power lines can be troublesome. Although homeowners can handle relatively minor tree maintenance, for a variety of reasons, many tree projects are best left to the professionals.

AVOID INJURY Professional tree contractors recognize and understand the hazards associated with tree and limb removal. Many operate in accordance with national or local guidelines to maintain proper clearance of power lines and structures.

Trimming trees close to electrical lines

puts a person at risk of being electrocuted. Professionals know how to protect themselves and prevent power outages, which can result when limbs come into contact with power lines.

Professional tree services will use machinery appropriate for the task.

Cherrypickers and cranes may lift workers to the correct height to work on trees, while do-it-yourselfers who rely on climbing trees or using ladders are at risk of injury.

PREVENT DAMAGE TO THE TREE Many tree services understand the proper way to prune trees to minimize stress and damage to the tree itself. Novice pruners may inadvertently do more harm than good, resulting in proliferation of tree disease or shock. Improper pruning technique also can lead to an unsightly tree.

LIABILITY A professional tree service will possess the correct liability and worker’s compensation insurance. This protects homeowners against litigation should someone be injured while tree work is being done.

Homeowners who damage neighboring properties when cutting down a tree may find that they are not covered by their homeowner’s insurance policies. This can be a costly mistake that’s easily avoided by simply hiring a fully insured tree removal service.

THE RIGHT TOOLS The right tools can mean the difference between a job done correctly and one that results in disaster. Professional arborists and tree services have acquired the training, tools and techniques to perform the job safely. This includes using the right tools to tackle the job. Ropes, pulleys, cranes, stump grinders, and other heavy machinery are just a few of the tools tree services have at their disposal that the average homeowner does not.

Trimming or removing trees can be an unpredictable and potentially dangerous endeavor. Such work is best left to professionals.

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19 • May 2015 • Lawn & Garden TIME

Pruning trees a job best left to the pros

Lawn & Garden TIME • May 2015 • 20

Ideas for pool perimeter landscaping W

Homeowners have many options with regard to landscaping the areas surrounding their pools.

ith the rise of the “staycation,” more and more homeowners are turning their backyards into their own private oases. The centerpiece of many such retreats is a refreshing and inviting pool.

Whether above-ground or inground models, pools make for welcoming spots to enjoy warm days and nights. A new pool can quickly turn a yard into the “it” spot to spend vacations or cool off at the end hot summer days. While pools are often the focal point of a backyard, many homeowners want their pools to blend seamlessly with the rest of their yards. When transforming a backyard that includes a pool, homeowners should consider a few factors to ensure each afternoon spent poolside is as safe as it is fun.

SAFETY FIRST Although the goal may be to soften the lines of the pool and/or create sight barriers that will provide some measure of pri-

n

vacy for swimmers, homeowners must put safety above all else. Before any decorative touches are added, it is important to surround a pool with a slip-resistant surface and fencing (many communities require fences be erected around pools).

Consult with a landscaping contractor, who should be knowledgeable about safety codes, or speak to the permit-issuing department at town hall. There should be a list of requirements to ensure pool placement as well as any surrounding touches are legal and within code.

NONSLIP SURFACES Concrete, brick and pavers and decking are popular materials used to surround a pool. Installers can make recommendations on materials and finishes, but one suggestion is to choose a rough finish.

Pool water can make surfaces slippery.

Concrete that is stamped or scarred provides extra traction than a smooth surface.

The same can be said for brick patios and

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MULCH AND STONE Homeowners often prefer some combination of mulch or stone to serve as a transition between the pool, concrete or paver hardscape and the lawn. Stone may be more practical for those with inground pools because it will not easily blow onto the water surface. With an above-ground pool, mulch or stone can do the trick, serving as a barrier so that pool water does not overly drench the surrounding lawn or damage grass after exposure to pool chemicals. Mulch and stone also will provide drainage from water runoff from the pool and rain.

Another advantage of having an additional barrier between the pool and lawn is that lawn clippings will not be shot into the pool

when mowing. Stone and mulch can be dressed up with statues, lawn ornaments and tolerant plants.

FINISHING TOUCHES Plants can provide the finishing touches for a poolside landscape. Homeowners should keep in mind that pools are not often shaded from the sun, so plants placed around the pool will need to be sun- and droughttolerant. Succulents, such as aloe and jade, may work, as can the perennial shrub yucca. Moderately growing grasses will offer a privacy barrier.

Keep trees and flowering plants far enough away from the pool’s edge so they do not contribute to debris that falls into the pool, which can complicate maintenance. Also, flowering plants may attract insects and other wildlife that may interfere with your enjoyment of the pool. It’s better to create a friendly environment for wildlife further away from the pool.

Homeowners who need some advice planning the landscaping around their pools can rely on the expertise of landscape architects as well as employees at lawn and garden centers. Pool companies may work with landscapers and offer recommendations to people unaccustomed to working around pools.

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pavers. Avoid smooth stones or pavers with shiny surfaces, as these may only increase the risk of falls.

Homeowners who have chosen wood or composite decking to surround a pool should talk to their contractor about nonslip protective coatings. Such coatings typically are acrylic-based liquids applied like a paint or sealer. Some composite decks may be crafted with texture or a built-in coating to reduce slipping. In addition, use nonstick mats on decks and patios to provide a little extra footing where people enter and exit the pool.

Lawn & Garden TIME • May 2015 • 22

Maintaining bird feeders and bird baths essential to avian health

B Hanging items vertically frees up more space in a shed or garage.

Secrets to keeping an organized shed D espite other intentions, homeowners often turn their garages into storage centers for random, little-used items, leaving little to no room for the tools and even vehicles that actually belong in a garage. Such homeowners may turn to sheds to store their garage overflow and keep yard equipment at the ready, but storage sheds are not immune to clutter, and homeowners may find the very structure erected to keep them organized requires a bit of organization itself.

A well-organized shed can save homeowners time and energy, as it’s easy to abandon or delay a project if you can’t find that pair of work gloves you stashed. The first step to any organizing project is to take everything out of the shed and determine just what needs to go back in. Items that do not belong in the shed should be moved to their rightful locations or tossed in the trash if they’re no longer needed. Make a pile of anything that will be kept, a separate one for donations and a third for garbage. Take inventory of what you have so you know whether you’re missing any items or you have something and do not need to purchase another.

Now that the entire shed is empty, you can assess just how much room you have.

Utilizing vertical and overhead space effectively can free up areas on the floor for larger equipment.

Shelving, racks, pegboards and any other materials that enable you to hang or store items off the floor are good investments.

Visit your nearby home improvement retailer to find items that can simplify your storage. You also may be able to put scrap wood to use to make your own storage shelves or a work bench. Extra kitchen cab-

inets can be installed in the shed to organize additional items.

In order to remember where items go, label or sort them accordingly. Some people like to take organization a step further by tracing the outline of tools hung on the wall so they can be placed back in the same spot after use. This also serves as a visual reminder of which tools are missing and which ones need to be purchased.

Don’t forget to utilize shed doors as additional storage space. Hang frequently used tools, such as rakes and shovels, on the inside of the doors so they will always be easily accessible.

You also can repurpose storage solutions designed for other areas of the home. For example, magnetic knife holders can be mounted to a shed wall to keep paintbrushes organized. These holders also can be used to keep many small metal tools tidy.

Metal funnels can hold twine and string. Thread through the narrow end of the funnel for a handy dispenser.

Keep dangerous substances off the floor and out of reach. Gasoline, chemical fertilizers and other potentially dangerous substances should be stored high up to keep pets and children safe.

Make sure the shed floor is sturdy and level. This makes it easier to neatly store larger items. Roll in the lawnmower, wheelbarrow and any other cumbersome items.

Now that more things are mounted vertically, you should find that you have more area to move around.

Taking the time to clean and organize a shed can help make anyone more productive.

ird watching is a pastime enjoyed by people of all ages. While many people trek into the woods to see their favorite birds, homeowners can take steps to entice these fascinating and feathered friends right to their backyards.

Homeowners who want to attract birds to their properties can do so by providing the birds food, shelter and places to wash up or cool off. Installing a bird feeder and a bird bath in your yard is one way to attract a bevy of winged creatures that can provide hours of enjoyment.

Establishing a bird-friendly environment may seem as simple as hanging a feeder on a pole or tree and erecting a bird bath nearby.

But a certain level of maintenance is needed to keep birds healthy and happy.

According to the experts at the Bird Watcher’s Digest, recent research indicates feeders can sometimes be a source of disease for the birds visiting them. The Audubon Society echoes that warning, saying that bird feeders and baths can serve as transmission stations for diseases such as aspergillosis, avian pox and salmonellosis.

Recently, scientists noted that the spread of trichomonad protozoan parasites is on the rise, especially among mourning dove and band-tailed pigeon populations.

Such warnings are not meant to deter budding birding hobbyists. Organizations like the Audobon Society hope that such warnings send the message that disinfection and maintenance is necessary to maintain sanitary environments for birds. Doing so is relatively easy and well worth the time for birding enthusiasts.

The Humane Society of the United States advises cleaning hanging feeders once every two weeks or more often if they’re heavily used. Ground-feeding designs should be cleaned every two days. Feeders can be immersed in a very-diluted solution of bleach to water (nine parts water to one part bleach). Let soak for a few minutes, and then scrub the feeder with a stiff brush or scouring pad before rinsing. Allow the feeder to dry completely before refilling it with seed.

Bird baths should be emptied of water each day. Brush or wipe the bath clean, then rinse and refill with fresh water. Do not leave standing water overnight; otherwise bird baths can easily become a breeding ground for mosquitoes and other parasites.

Frequently collect discarded seed hulls and clean bird droppings from beneath feed-

ers. If the area around the feeder has become especially soiled, relocate the feeder elsewhere and clean its initial location.

Follow proper instructions with regard to seed and other bird food. For example, reduce the amount of suet offered in hot weather. Heat can cause suet to spoil, and sticky suet can become stuck in birds’ feathers and make it hard for them to keep clean.

Try to provide more than one feeder and bird bath to prevent overcrowding. Crowding can contribute to the spread of disease.

Do not situate feeders and bird baths under perches where they can be soiled by droppings.

If you notice birds look sick or are not acting strangely, halt feeding and bathing to prevent healthy birds from becoming ill.

Wait a week before resuming feeding and notify wildlife officials if you find dead or sick birds around your property.

Locate feeders and baths at least 30 feet away from windows so birds do not get confused by reflections and collide with the glass.

Store seed in a dry container with a tightfitting lid to prevent mold from forming and moisture from getting in.

Creating a thriving habitat for bird watching is easier than one might think. But once birds begin visiting a yard, homeowners must diligently maintain clean feeders and bird baths to ensure the birds stay as healthy as possible. Any questions about wild-bird care can be directed to a local Audubon Society chapter or by visiting a pet store or bird hobby center.

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