The Grand Tour of EUtopia. Design Realisation

GRAND TOUR OF EUtopia THE

DESIGN REALISATION ERIK BEAN STUDIO 3A RELOCATION: THE MAKING OF UTOPIA CJ LIM, EVA ROSBORG AAGAARD & SIMON DICKENS AARHUS SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE SPRING 2017

1.1 INTRODUCTION

GRAND TOUR OF EUtopia THE

Relocating across memory to critique the contemporary European Union. The Grand Tour of EUtopia is a modern pilgrimage critiquing the role of the European Union in modern Europe. Exploring protective nationalism and promoting transnational empathy by evoking compassion through the exploration of climate, community, culture, development, and geography.

The final destination of the tour develops a dialog between the European Union and Thyborøn. A town rich in history and part of Denmark’s extensive habitat protection area.

Pilgrim’s bring the ingredients to confront their own past and future within the EU, becoming a part of a landscape that connects them to each other and the environment.

The final stop of the tour is manifested in a series of archives collecting the diplomatic, intellectual, cultural, political, economic, and social history of the individuals of the EU. Pilgrims are encouraged to connect over food and drink, and release ‘gifts’ of their memories back to the Union.

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FEATURED ILLUSTRATIONS

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FEATURED ILLUSTRATIONS

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R PROTECTING THE LIMF KWATE JORD BREA THE ING THE BREWERY AND BAKER NECT Y CON

LMINATION OF TH THE CU G ATIN G THE BREWERY AND BAKEETOUR IVIN RY ARCRONNECT

RAGE CATHEDRA E THE STO INSID THE CULMINATION OF T L HE TO G AT UR IVIN ARR

RAGE CATHEDRA E THE STO L INSID

FEATURED ILLUSTRATIONS

67 PROTECTING THE IM WATER R PROTECTING THE L LIMF REAK FJJO KWATE OR RD D HE B BREA TH T E

ING THE BREWERY AND B KER NECT NG THE BREWERY AND BA AKERY CONNECTI Y CON

FEATURED ILLUSTRATIONS

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R PROTECTING THE LIMF KWATE JORD BREA THE ING THE BREWERY AND BAKER NECT Y N O C

RIENWAETRIO YN ELBM AN CU TH OD FB HE TG TA HKEET GCATTIN RO YUR NE IVNIN O ARCR

CIAOTN HO ED NE AT MAIG LR E SCTUO FR HE TH TA HLE TO TT AE NSGID UR IVIIN ARR

RAGE CATHEDRA E THE STO L INSID

CONTENTS

1

BUILDING FORM, SYSTEMS, PLANNING AND CONTEXT

INTRODUCTION 1.1 Project Brief 4 Masterplan Isometric 5 Building Isometric 6 1.2 Project Definitions Utopia 7 Relocation 8 Undesirable 9 1.3 Articles: Contemporary Europe 10 1.4

The Grand Tour of EUtopia Stops of the Grand Tour

SITE ANALYSIS

11

3

BUILDING PERFORMANCE

ENVIRONMENTAL OVERVIEW

3.1 3.2 3.3

Environmental Principles Overview Environmental Project Overview Environmental Design Overview

ENERGY SYSTEMS

3.4 Energy Strategy 50 3.5 Energy Production 51

WASTE SYSTEMS

3.6 Waste Management 52

WATER SYSTEMS

3.7

Rainwater Collection Strategy

1.5 Site Location 12 1.6 Environmental Context: Habitat 13 1.7 Environmental Context: Coastal Protection 14

PASSIVE HEATING AND VENTILATION

3.8

Solar and Ventilation Strategy

INSULATION

FORMAL DEVELOPMENT

1.8 Masterplan Development 15 Building Development 16 1.9 Building Program 17 1.10 How Pilgrims Navigate the Space 18

47 48 49

3.9

Calculating Thermal Performance

OCCUPANT COMFORT

3.10

Occupant Comfort Chart

53

54

55

56

LIGHTING 3.11

Atmospheric Lighting Strategy

1.11 General Arrangement 19-21 1.12 Building Section 22-23 1.13 Fire Escape Strategy 24 1.14 Accessibility 25

ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT

2

BUILDING CONSTRUCTION

4

STRUCTURAL OVERVIEW

GENERAL ARRANGEMENT

57

3.12 Wisteria maintenance 58

BUILDING PROCUREMENT

2.1 Key Structural Principles To Be Explored 27 2.2 Key Section 28 2.3 Structural Grid 29

4.1 Clients and Contracts 60 4.2

Building Cost Estimation

61

BREAKWATER

4.3

Project Schedule: Gantt Chart

62

2.4 2.5 2.6

Breakwater Typology Study Breakwater Setting Out and Construction Breakwater Step Module Detail

FLOATING WALKWAY

2.7

Floating Planter Detail

STORAGE CATHEDRAL

2.8 Storage Cathedral Structure Systems 2.9 Oil Rig Recovery Process 2.10 Storage Cathedral Connection Details

Connection at Oast House Floor Detail

Connection at Breakwater Wall Detail

30 31 32

4.4 Health and Safety 63

33

34 35 36

5

APPENDIX

5.1 Final Drawings 65 5.2 Model Photos 69

BANQUET BRIDGE

2.12 Banquet Bridge Operating Mechanism 2.13 Banquet Bridge Details

Pulley System Detail

Water Filled Counter Weight Detail Bearing Detail

TASTING ROOMS

2.14

Tasting Rooms: Marine Timber Structure

OAST HOUSE

37 38

5.3 Supporting Information 70-88 5.4 Bibliography 89

39

2.15 Oast House Details 40

Oast Press Detail

Oast Oven Roof Penetration Detail

Floor Edge Detail

2.16 Wisteria Trellis Truss System 2.18 Wisteria Trellis Planter Details Planter Detail

Roof Light Upstand Detail

ADDITIONAL SUPPORT FROM:

WISTERIA TRELLIS 41 42

Matthew Wells, Techniker Engineers Markus Krauss, Transsolar Jette Birkeskov Mogensen, Schmidt Hammer Lassen

TYPICAL WALL SECTION

2.17 Kitchen Wall Section 43

Rainwater Collector Roof Parapet Detail

CONSTRUCTION SEQUENCE

2.18 Construction Sequence 44

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BUILDING FORM, SYSTEMS, PLANNING AND CONTEXT

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3

1.1 INTRODUCTION: MASTERPLAN ISOMETRIC

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1.1 INTRODUCTION: BUILDING ISOMETRIC

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1.2 PROJECT DEFINITION: UTOPIA ERNEST MILLER HEMINGWAY Born July 21, 1899 Ernest Hemingway lived a vigorous life of conflict and anguish eventually leading to his suicide in July 2, 1961. Fighting in the First World War, volunteering in the Spanish Civil war, and reporting on the Second World war he was exposed to the worst of suffering. At home the deterioration of several marriages and a multitude of injuries left him battered and eventually contributed to his suicide. His writing served as a moment of Relocation and Utopia. His words were a foil to transport his consciousness across time and find momentary bliss in the making of peace with his inner demons. To the public eye Hemingway lived a storied and exciting life, cavorting with the lost generation and developing a unique writing style which eventually garnered him the Nobel Prize.

However, his outward image and inner self were always at odds.

WALLED EUROPE 70 years after the end of the Second World War and 25 years after the fall of the Berlin wall we live in a new age of barrier construction. Across continents, walls, fences and high-tech border surveillance are under construction. The Schengen Agreement ratified only six years after the Berlin wall fell marked the erection of a new barrier less than 100km to the East.

CURRENT WALLS ATLANTIC WALL

PILGRIMAGE EUROPE The pilgrimage began as a form of penance or coming to terms with ones own actions or past. Many pilgrimages exist in Europe today, religious, secular, educational, and recreational. The pilgrimage becomes the tool of utopia to confront the status of contemporary Europe.

START FINISH PILEGRIMSLEDEN

BIG TWO-HEARTED RIVER “Big Two Hearted River” is a short story from the collection “In Our Time” published 1924. The story is written in a terse descriptive manner and follows a semi-autobiographical Hemingway as a young man who arrives by train in a Michigan town from his childhood. Only now the town and the surrounding landscape has been ravaged by fire. The young man hikes out into the landscape to find the perfect fishing spot on a stream. He travels from the blackened and scorched earth into the richly wooded forest. Exhausted he makes a camp for the night. In the morning he collects grasshoppers for bait and goes fishing for trout in the creek. He battles the fish. After catching two fish he decides he is finished for the day. Upstream there is a swamp, here he tells himself he will not ever go.

The story concludes with the young man stating that there are plenty of days left to fish the swamp.

CREATING UTOPIA

PILGRIMS WAY CANTERBURY CAMINO DE SANTIAGO MODERN GRAND TOUR WILLIAM BECKFORD’S GRAND TOUR THE ORIENT EXPRESS

CREATING DIALOG

UTOPIA FOR HEMINGWAY

UTOPIA FOR PILGRIMS

A EUROPEAN CONVERSATION

The act of writing Big Two-Hearted River was cathartic action for Hemingway, reconciling his actions of the past with the present. By using a character other than himself he is able to transport himself across time and space to deal with the demons of his past. His greatest tool was his writing so logically this is how he would confront his problems. His story becomes an avenue for him to discuss the pain and loss he suffered during his time in the war. By fictionalizing the story he is able to insulate himself from his own anguish, however, it is in the confrontation of his inner pain that he reaches Utopia. The story is able to reconcile the terror and pain of the war with his childhood of innocence fishing in the creek. Furthermore, the story helps him understand who he has become after the war. Including the fear that it has changed him for ever, and that he will constantly be searching out the danger of “the swamp” for the rest of his life.

Utopia for the pilgrim is the experience of traveling to understand and confront the nature of European history and reconcile it with the present. The act of traveling creates empathy and builds an understanding of the nature of contemporary Europe. A continent that has a long and tumultuous history. Over the last several decades Europe has seen a period of unprecedented peace and prosperity. Cooperation, cohesion, and unity have brought the continent together, however, contemporary Europe is also seeing a crisis of self. Thousands of kilometres of walls have been erected, the continent has seen an influx of immigrants, refugees, and migrants fleeing persecution. The nature of European cohesion has also been rocked by “Brexit,” rising protectionism, nationalism, and right wing politics.

The Grand Tour catalyzes the catharsis of confronting the pilgrim’s experience of Europe through conversation.

Similarly the Grand Tour creates a stage for the voice of Thyborøn to be heard by the EU. Thyborøn optimizes the small European town feeling rejected or overlooked by the European Union. The Grand Tour helps the town reconcile its own place in the union, in history, and its future in the European Union.

PROJECT DEFINITION: UTOPIA Utopia is the cathartic confrontation of our history, reconciling our actions of the past with the present.

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1.2 PROJECT DEFINITION: RELOCATION

HEMINGWAY’S MEMORY COLLAGE

HEMINGWAY’S MEMORY COLLAGE The collage explores the fractured nature of Hemingway and his cathartic confrontation of the past in Big Two Hearted River. Movement through time and space is central to the understanding of the collage. As the viewer moves around and closer to the collage what appeared to be a portrait is really an assembly of objects. On the surface elements from the story, below, elements of Hemingway’s troubled and violent past.

PROJECT DEFINITION: RELOCATION

PROJECT DEFINITION: RELOCATION Relocating across memory. In order to reach Utopia one must make a pilgrimage of the mind, from the present to the past.

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1.2 PROJECT DEFINITION: UNDESIRABLE PHOTOS OF THYBORØN’S BUNKERS

BUNKER LANDSCAPE

BUNKERS IN THYBORØN

ATLANTIC WALL HISTORY

ATLANTIC WALL EUROPE

ATLANTIC WALL DENMARK

Hitler's Atlantic Wall stretched along the coasts of Norway, Denmark, Germany, Holland, Belgium and France. 5000km of shoreline depicted as endless and impenetrable. In reality strong fortifications existed, but the "wall" was mainly a number of strongholds with relatively unprotected beach in between. What is left of the Atlantic Wall in Denmark is an impressive reminder of the past and monument of the consequences of blind submission.

ATLANTIC WALL THYBORØN The Limfjord was an important waterway and a potential weak spot in the Atlantic Wall. German occupation forces tried to seal off the western entrance to the fjord with two coastal batteries and a large array of bunkers. Many of these bunkers today have sunk into the sand, but the remains of an entire coastal battery is strung out along the shore.

PROJECT DEFINITION: UNDESIRABLE The site of Thyborøn Denmark is undesirable because of the presence of Hitler’s World War Two defensive military bunkers and the negative historical connotations associated with them.

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1.3 ARTICLES: CONTEMPORARY EUROPE

PROTECTIONISM AND NATIONALISM INTERNATIONALLY

THE ECONOMIST: LEAGUE OF NATIONALISTS “It is troubling, then, how many countries are shifting from the universal, civic nationalism towards the blood-and-soil, ethnic sort. As positive patriotism warps into negative nationalism, solidarity is mutating into distrust of minorities... A benign love of one’s country.. is being replaced by an urge to look on the world with mistrust.”

BBC: PROTECTIONISM: IS IT ON THE WAY BACK “It seems that free-trade and protectionist tendencies are fairly evenly balanced among the great powers, with every nationalist impulse countered by a liberalising one... The German Chancellor, Angela Merkel, has long maintained that a return to protectionism would be a grave danger for the global economy.”

http://www.economist.com/news/international/21710276-all-around-world-nationalists-are-gainingground-why-league-nationalists

http://www.bbc.com/news/business-18104024

THE RISE OF THE FAR RIGHT AND XENOPHOBIA IN EUROPE

THE NEW YORK TIMES: EUROPE’S RISING FAR RIGHT “Amid a migrant crisis, sluggish economic growth and growing disillusionment with the European Union, far-right parties — some longstanding, others newly formed — have been achieving electoral success in a number of European nations.”

THE GUARDIAN: REFUGEES AREN’T THE PROBLEM “If there was a crisis in 2015, it had less to do with the refugees and much more to do more with European governments and societies who did not all step up to the plate. In fact, Europe isn’t confronted with a refugee and migrant crisis. It’s the refugees and migrants who are confronted with a crisis of Europe.”

https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2016/world/europe/europe-far-right-political-parties-listy.html? _r=0

https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2016/oct/31/refugees-problem-europe-identity-crisis-m igration

BREXIT

THE GUARDIAN: BREXIT DIARIES “The Guardian’s three-month Brexit diaries project has revealed a nation deeply divided, between those texting their friends this week to say “happy Brexit day” – and others for whom the news brought only anxiety and fear.”

BANKSY: BOVER, UNITED KINGDOM “The mural has appeared at a difficult time, when Brexit and the increasingly frosty relationship between Theresa May’s government and the EU over negotiations on Britain’s departure have become central to the general election on 8 June.” - The Guardian

https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2017/apr/01/brexit-diaries-article-50-uk-theresa-may-britaineu

http://www.banksy.co.uk/ https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2017/may/07/banksy-brexit-mural-dover-eu-flag

INVESTIGATION In a contemporary Europe issues of division and conflict are prevalent. Can architecture critique the current nature of the continent and strike up a dialogue with its inhabitants?

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1.4 THE GRAND TOUR OF EUtopia

1.4 GRAND TOUR STOPS

1 LES L AR

LESVOS, GREECE

MANIFESTATION ON SITE

Europe’s entry way for migrants and refugees. 95,093 refugees arrived in 2016.

The development of an on site migratory seasonal ecology.

CRITERIA: RISING INDUSTRY

MANIFESTATION ON SITE

A rising industiral center representative of the role new EU members can play. Cheap labour, a stable currency and a flat tax rate, the city is now a leading European industrial hub of manufacturing, mining, and the production of raw materials.

The utilization of prefabricated elements on site that are manufactured within the EU.

CRITERIA: POST RESOURCE EXTRACTION

MANIFESTATION ON SITE

The site of post resource extraction. The process of change as the natural landscape transforms the industrial sites. These spaces have been irrevocably shaped by humans. Left behind are traces of exploitation but also the creation of haunting beauty combining industrial and natural.

The materiality of roof. Roof water collectors are lined with small marble tiles transported by pilgrims.

CRITERIA: CLIMATE CHANGE

MANIFESTATION ON SITE

The Alps are refered to as the water towers of Europe underpining the wellbeing of surrounding areas.

Temperatures in the Alps have risen almost twice as much as the global average and continuing to rise.

The Alps consume around 10% more energy per capita than the European average.

The Storage Cathedral creation of specific views on site highlighting objects of importance around the site

CRITERIA: GRAIN PRODUCTION

MANIFESTATION ON SITE

The Largest grain producer, France has the biggest utilized agricultural acreageof Europe and is the biggest producer of agricultural goods. The International Grains Council (IGC) puts total French grain production for 2012-13 at 67.8 million tonnes.

Grain as material. On the site different grains are used in for the creation of a variety of breads, and beers.

CRITERIA: CLIMATE CHANGE, SEA LEVEL

MANIFESTATION ON SITE

Zuiderzee Works Flevoland is approximately 3m below sea level. A man-made system of dams and dikes, land reclamation and water drainage works, the largest hydraulic engineering project in the Netherlands. The project involved the damming of the Zuiderzee, a large, shallow inlet of the North Sea.

Construction expertise from the Netherlands is used to develop the large breakwater wall protecting the mouth of Limfjord.

CRITERIA: NEW LAND

MANIFESTATION ON SITE

The new landmass composed of sandbanks emerged from the violent waters of the North Sea. It lies 15 miles off the coast of Germany’s Wattenmeer. Winds blew seeds from across Europe, and 49 species of plants have been detected on it.

Habitat and new land. New land is created by the mass of the breakwater creating new habitats for birds and sea life. It becomes a gathering point for pilgrims blown across Europe.

CRITERIA: ENRGY PRODUCTION

MANIFESTATION ON SITE

Ekofisk is an oil field in the North Sea. It is one of the most important oil fields in the North Sea. The first discovery after the Groningen gas field discovery.

Recycled materials. The storage cathedral frame is constructed from a decomissioned North Sea oil rig jacket

CRITERIA: CONFRONTING HISTORY

MANIFESTATION ON SITE

A history of conflict is found at Thyborøn. The remains of Hitler’s World War Two Atlantic wall, World War One’s naval Battle of Jutland, and the entrance to Denmark for returning Vikings.

The confrontation of the history of modern Europe is manifested on site by the materials, skills, and stratagies represented by the eight stops of the Grand Tour of EUtopia.

E SE B OS , G R E E CINCREA

GES T

IO N REFUGEE POPULAT

BULGARI DIV, A OV ACTURING CENTER PLMANUF NE

CRITERIA: MIGRATION

W

2

PLOVDIV, BULGARIA

PO

TALY IA, I XTRACTION GLSOURCE E PUST RE

3 AN NCSIN, GFTR EMPER CE LA ATU CREA - IN TB RE GE ONHAN M ATE C

4

CL I

M

5 VA L LA

ZU

ID CL

ERZ

IM

A TE

DE L

RGE S

T AG

E E WO

MONT BLANC, FRANCE

VAL DE LOIRE, FRANCE

E N C ER OIRE, FRAPRODUC

RICULTURAL GRAI

E TH NE RKS , RISE

CH AN G E - SE A

PUGLIA, ITALY

LE V

N

RL

DS AN

EL

6

ZUIDERZEE, NETHERLANDS

NE W

AND, GERMAN Y ISL D ECOLOGY RD RY AN BIERRITO T

7

BIRD ISLAND, GERMANY

LA R

O ISK, N RWAY OF ROPEAN OIL FIELD EKEST EU G

8

T H YBO CAT H

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R Ø N, D E

RK

A N MISTORY

ARTIC CONFRONTATION

OF H

9

EKOFISK, NORWAY

THYBORØN, DENMARK

1.5 SITE LOCATION EUROPE

DENMARK

LEMVIG KOMMUNE

AERIAL VIEWS OF THYBORØN

THYBORØN AND THE ENTRANCE TO THE LIMFJORD

PROTECTED BIRD HABITAT

WORLD WAR TWO ATLANTIC WALL BUNKERS

PROJECT SITE

ROUTE OF ARRIVING PILGIRM FERRIES

CONNECTING WITH THYBORØN REPURPOSING FISHING BOATS Thyborøn arose as a fishing town however depleted North Sea fish stocks have affected the industry. The fishing boats would be repurposed to ferry pilgrims from the stop in Ekofisk to Thyborøn.

EMPLOYING THYBORØN The project also creates other employment oppotunities for residents of Thyborøn.

Creating jobs for bakers, brewers, gardners, and other staff.

EXISTING ROCKY GROINS WORLD WAR TWO ATLANTIC WALL BUNKERS THYBORØN

PROTECTED BIRD HABITAT

PROTECTED BIRD HABITAT

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INVESTIGATION Can the architecture engage with local environment? Can it help protect special habitats in the Limfjord?

MARINE PROTECTED AREAS

1.6 ENVIRONMENTAL CONTEXT: HABITAT

MAJOR BIRD SPECIES IN THYBORØN

DARK-BELLIED BRENT GOOSE

EURASIAN OYSTERCATCHER

COMMON SHELDUCK

EURASIAN WIGEON

DUNLIN

DENMARK Natura 2000 is a network of protected areas designed to protect European animal species and habitats. Natura 2000 is based on the 1979 Birds Directive and the 1992 Habitats Directive. The ecological infrastructure provided protects ecosystem services and ensures that Europe’s natural systems remain healthy and resilient.

GREY PLOVER

BAR-TAILED GODWIT

HABITATS DIRECTIVE SITES (SCI) BIRD DIRECTIVE SITES (SPA)

RED KNOT

SANDERLING PROJECT SITE THYBORØN LIGHT-BELLIED BRENT GOOSE CHEMINOVA

NISSUM BREDNING

NISSUM BREDNING The Natura 2000 network has marked a large area of the Nissum Bredning, the most westerly section of the Limfjord, for protection. The to peninsulas flanking Thyborøn are important bird habitats. Protection came into the spotlight after the dumping of chemical waste by Cheminova in the 1980’s.

JAN

FEB

MAR

APR

MAY

JUN

JUL

AUG

SEP

OCT

NOV

DEC

BIRD REST STOP The wetlands at Agger Tange and Harboøre Tange are staging areas for waterfowl, specifically the lagoons, flooded meadows and shallow areas of the Nissum Broads. The species occuring in the greatest numbers are mallard, teal, widgeon, and in the autumn the pochard and goldeneye. There are also flocks of coot, mute swan, whooper and Bewick’s swan. In spring Harboøre Tange an important stopover location for pink-footed goose, an arctic breeding goose species only seen in western Jutland during migration.

The area also host a variety of waders including the golden plover, lapwing, oystercatcher, dunlin, curlew and snipe.

CONCLUSION The form of masterplan prevents destructive flooding of the wet lands and bird habitat. Collecting sand also creates new habitat for the birds.

European protected sites. European Environment Agency (EEA). http://www.eea.europa.eu/data-and-maps/ explore-interactive-maps/european-protected-areas. Accessed 13 November, 2016 THE GRAND TOUR OF EUtopia

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1.7 ENVIRONMENTAL CONTEXT: COASTAL PROTECTION YEARLY COASTAL EROSION RATES

HISTORICAL EROSION AT THYBORØN

PROJECT SITE

THYBORØN

TORSMINDE

{

SITE AREA

{

1695

1791-1826

SITE AREA

SITE AREA

FOCUS AREA

{ HVIDE SANDS

SITE AREA

1849

{

1855

SITE AREA

SITE AREA

APPLYING COASTAL DEFENCE The project masterplan becomes a part of Denmark’s coastal defence system. The shape of the masterplan restricts erosion and longshore drift protecting the coastal landscape.

AREAS BELOW +2.5m

10 8

6

4

2

0

-2

-4

{

m / YEAR

1867

HIGH FLOOD THREAT AREA

1874

DEVELOPMENT OF COASTAL DEFENSE BEACH NOURISHMENT

NOURISHMENT IN MILLION M³

COST IN MILLIONS DKK REVETMENT

BREAKWATERS

NOURISHMENT

100 3 80

60

2

40

THYBORØN NURISHMENT

1

20

0 0

1985

75

77

79

81

83

85

87

89

91

93

95

1987

1989

1991

1993

1995

1997

97

NUMBER OF BREAKWATERS BUILT

MEASURED WAVE HEIGHTS AT THE HARBOUR AND OFFSHORE 2.0 m

OCTOBER 2008

NOVEMBER 2008

1.8 m

30

1.6 m 1.4 m 1.2 m

20

1.0 m 0.8 m 0.6 m

10

0.4 m 0.2 m

0 75

77

79

81

83

85

87

89

91

93

95

97

0.0 m

INVESTIGATION Can architecture protect the local environment? Current coastal protection methods are expensive can the Grand Tour provide an alternative?

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1.8 FORMAL DEVELOPMENT: MASTERPLAN MASTERPLAN FORMAL DEVELOPMENT

LONG SHORE SAND DRIFT

CONNECTION TO AGGER NARROWS CREATED FOR TIDAL ENERGY GENERATION

WISTERIA TRELLIS AND PILGRIM HOTELS

SAND COLLECTION

BREAKWATER LINKING PONTOON PATH SAND COLLECTION NARROWS CREATED FOR TIDAL ENERGY GENERATION

DEVELOPING THE FORM The shape of the scalloped breakwater was developed through an understanding of the linear rhythm of the coastal landscape. A series of existing rocky groins leads into to pointed breakwaters where the project links the two forms echoing the language of the existing coast. The form is also driven by the function of collecting sand before it enters the fjord damaging the ecology.

Appended to the breakwater is a series of programmes for the pilgrims. A floating path links the structures further calming the water and creating a physical link between the two divided sections of land.

WISTERIA TRELLIS AND PILGRIM HOTELS

BREAKWATER SAND COLLECTION

EARLY BUILDING FORMAL DEVELOPMENT SHELTERED HARBOUR FOR ARRIVING PILGRIM FERRIES

CALMED WATER FOR HABITAT PROTECTION

BREAKWATER SAND COLLECTION

WISTERIA TRELLIS AND PILGRIM HOTELS NARROWS CREATED FOR TIDAL ENERGY GENERATION

DEVELOPING THE FORM The curving masterplan form was adapted into initial building forms. These curving volumes were later simplified into the rainwater collector roofs of the final design.

CONNECTION TO THYBORØN

CONNECTION TO BUNKERS SITE PLAN 1:5000

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1.8 FORMAL DEVELOPMENT: BUILDING BUILDING TECTONIC DEVELOPMENT DEVELOPING FORM The structures formal development arose out of a series of tectonic collages and sketch developments. These became the foundation for the original layout of the building and the relationship between spaces inside.

TECTONIC COLLAGE: STORAGE CATHEDRAL Early collage of storage elements for items brought by pilgrims

TECTONIC COLLAGE: ADAPTING CURVES Early collage of curving elements adapted into structure.

SKETCH DEVELOPMENT: BUILDING FORM The curves of the master plan are explored.

SKETCH DEVELOPMENT: STORAGE CATHEDRAL The collage is directly translated into a section

SKETCH DEVELOPMENT: BUILDING FORM The curves of the master plan are adapted into a building form.

SKETCH DEVELOPMENT: STORAGE CATHEDRAL The section is adapted, the form of an enclosure wrapping around the storage elements is introduced.

SKETCH DEVELOPMENT: BUILDING FORM The curves are reconstructed and adapted into room forms. The building is imagined as a linkage between the path and the breakwater.

SKETCH DEVELOPMENT: STORAGE CATHEDRAL The two forms have a relationship across from one another on opposing breakwaters. These would develop into the storage cathedral and the bakery chimneys.

SKETCH DEVELOPMENT: BUILDING FORM The moving bridge is introduced. The two buildings have separate programs joined during special events.

BUILDING FORMAL ARRANGEMENT

CREATING OVERLAPPING VIEWS The volumes both stagger and align to create relationships between the different programs

CREATING A NEW AXIS OF LINKAGES The building creates physical links between the arriving pilgrims and the breakwater and between the two breakwaters with the banquet bridge.

IMPORTANT PROGRAMS AT FRONT COMPRESSED SPACE OPENING TO CATHEDRAL OPEN SPACE FOR ARRIVING PILGRIMS

CREATING A SPACE OF ARRIVAL The two buildings frame the view into the Limfjord for arriving pilgrims as they arrive from the wide open ocean creating a sense of arrival.

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CREATING A PROGRAMMATIC ARRANGEMENT The spaces within the building are arranged in specific way.

16

1.9 BUILDING PROGRAM 7 OAST HOUSE

6 TASTING ROOMS

TRAVELING PILGRIM ARCHITECTS

CELEBRATING THE GRAND TOUR AT THE CULMINATION IN THYBORØN The main elements of the Thyborøn Grand Tour stop are a brewery and bakery. This is where the pilgrims share a beer and literally break bread with one another. The food evokes memories of home trading stories with one another, developing transnational empathy, and building understanding.

7

6

EXPERIENCE THYBORØN 1

ARRIVAL DOCK

2

RECEPTION HALL

3

MEETING ROOMS

4

RESTAURANT

5

STORAGE CATHEDRAL

6

TASTING ROOMS

7

OAST HOUSE

8

BANQUET BRIDGE

9

BREWERY

10

BANQUET KITCHEN

11

RECIPE BOOK LIBRARY

12

BAKERY

1

6

8

17

TASTING ROOMS At the tasting room pilgrims can meditate over a beer looking at the bunkers. The pilgrims bring their own memories and perspectives to the view.

9 THE BREWERY

OTHER FEATURES 13

ROOF TOP WATER COLLECTORS

14

BIO DIGESTER

15

WATER REMEDIATION TERRACE

16

ROOF LIGHTS

17

WISTERIA TRELLIS GARDEN

16

14

THE OAST HOUSE The hops pilgrims bring from the Grand Tour of EUtopia are processed and used beer production at the Oast House.

Raw hops are roasted, dried for brewing, and suspended in the storage cathedral for storage.

INGREDIENTS FROM ACROSS EUROPE Pilgrims bring the ingredients for the final destination in Thyborøn from their homes and across the route of the Grand Tour. These ingredients are transformed into different experiences on the sight and then offered back to the pilgrims. This process links the pilgrims to the tour and creates an archive of ingredients, taste, and experience.

12 THE BAKERY

THE BREWERY The brewery is where hops, yeast, and grain brought by pilgrims and roasted in the oast house is transformed into beer for the pilgrims to enjoy, drink, and share a story over.

THE BAKERY At the bakery grains and other baking ingredients are made into bread to feed visiting pilgrims. At the recipe book library historical recipes from across Europe are stored and referenced to make different baked breads. Pilgrims can literally break giant loaves of Grand Tour bread with one another.

FUEL

GRAIN

MARBLE

HOPS

WATER

SEEDS

13

15

17 WISTERIA TRELLIS GARDEN

13 WISTERIA TRELLIS CANOPY THE WATER COLLECTORS The rooftop rain water collectors are lined with marble tiles brought by pilgrims. The water is used by the Grand Tour brewery to make a special tasting beer.

9 5 12 11 4 2

3

10

KEY PLAN

1 ISOMETRIC VIEW

THE GRAND TOUR OF EUtopia

TOUR OF EUt D N A R G o pia E H T

THE WISTERIA TRELLIS Draped across the culmination of the final stop of the Grand Tour is a trellis of wisteria. The winding vines are exotic and symbolize acceptance across the Grand Tour.

17

1.10 HOW PILGRIMS NAVIGATE THE SPACE

1

4

PILGRIM ARRIVAL Pilgrims arrive to Thyborøn from Ekofisk by re-purposed fishing boat ferry.

TASTING ROOM MEDITATION Pilgrims ascend the Storage Cathedral to the Tasting Rooms where they try the beer and have a quiet moment pondering the bunkers framed by the windows.

2

5

6

PILGRIM BANQUET Once enough pilgrims are present the banquet bridge is lowered and a feast is prepared. The pilgrims dine on bread and beer made on site and trade stories

ADDITIONAL SPACES Pilgrims are of course free to visit other places in the building such as the bakery, brewery, recipe library, meeting halls, and restaurant.

DEPOSIT PILGRIM GIFTS Pilgrims move through the building to the Storage Cathedral where they deposit the items they have brought with them

EXPLORE THE BREAKWATER Pilgrims explore the breakwater and the floating walkway admiring the flora and fauna and the contrast between the open sea and the calm fjord.

6

6

1

5

4

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3

RECEPTION Arriving pilgrims are given keys to their simple rest house lodgings located along the back side of the breakwater.

3

2

18

1.11 GENERAL ARRANGEMENT: LEVEL 1 - ENTRY LEVEL

EXPERIENCE THYBORØN

14

13

11

10

9

8

1

7 5

4

15 6

13

12

14

1:500 @ A2 0m

5m

10m

THE GRAND TOUR OF EUtopia

20m

40m

19

3

2

1

ARRIVAL DOCK

2

RECEPTION HALL

3

MEETING ROOMS

4

RESTAURANT

5

STORAGE CATHEDRAL

6

PILGRIM GIFT RECEPTION

7

BANQUET BRIDGE

8

BREWERY

9

BANQUET KITCHEN

10

RECIPE BOOK LIBRARY

11

BAKERY

12

PONTOON WALKWAY

13

SHEET PILE BREAKWATER

14

BREAKWATER MODULE

15

LIVING MACHINE TERRACES

1.11 GENERAL ARRANGEMENT: LEVEL 2 - TASTING ROOM

EXPERIENCE THYBORØN

7

5

7

5

5

8

5

5

5

5

4 2 7 7 3

7

1

1:500 @ A2 0m

5m

10m

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20m

40m

20

1

TASTING ROOM: BUNKER VIEW

2

TASTING ROOM: LIMFJORD VIEW

3

BEER STORAGE SILOS

4

BANQUET BRIDGE COUNTER WEIGHT

5

WATER COLLECTOR ROOFS

6

BANQUET BRIDGE (UPRIGHT)

7

ROOF LIGHTS

8

BANQUET BRIDGE UPRIGHT

1.11 GENERAL ARRANGEMENT: LEVEL 3 - OAST HOUSE

EXPERIENCE THYBORØN

7

5

7

5

5

6

5

3

4

2

3

5

5

5

7 1

7 7

1:500 @ A2 0m

5m

10m

THE GRAND TOUR OF EUtopia

20m

40m

21

1

OAST ROASTER

2

METHANE STORAGE

3

ESCAPE CHUTE SYSTEM

4

LOADING HATCH

5

RAIN WATER COLLECTOR ROOFS

6

BANQUET BRIDGE (UPRIGHT)

7

ROOF LIGHTS

1.12 GA SECTIONS PLAN REFERENCE

50m - STRUCTURE ROOF

40m - OAST HOUSE ROOF OAST ROASTER OAST HOUSE

34m - OAST HOUSE LEVEL

BAKERY SMOKE STACKS STORAGE CATHEDRAL LOUVRE SCREEN BEER STORAGE SILOS

24m - TASTING ROOM LEVEL

DRYING HOPS BANQUET BRIDGE

WISTERIA TRELLIS

ROOF LIGHTS 14m - BANQUET KITCHEN ROOF BRIDGE COUNTER WEIGHT PONTOON WALKWAY BANQUET KITCHEN BREAKWATER MODULES

6m - ENTRY LEVEL

WATER FILTRATION UNIT

0m - SEA LEVEL

SHEETPILE WALL

RAINWATER STORAGE -6m - BASEMENT LEVEL RAINWATER STORAGE TANKS

1:300 @ A2 0m

5m

THE GRAND TOUR OF EUtopia

10m

20m

22

1.12 GA SECTIONS PLAN REFERENCE

50m - STRUCTURE ROOF

40m - OAST HOUSE ROOF

34m - OAST HOUSE LEVEL

LIM FJORD VIEW TASTING ROOM

24m - TASTING ROOM LEVEL BEER STORAGE SILO ARRIVAL DOCK RESTAURANT MEETING HALL ARRIVAL HALL

6m - ENTRY LEVEL

PILGRIM GIFT DEPOSIT 0m - SEA LEVEL

GIFT SORTING ROOM

GIFT STORAGE

-6m - BASEMENT LEVEL

1:300 @ A2 0m

5m

THE GRAND TOUR OF EUtopia

10m

20m

23

INVESTIGATION

1.13 FIRE SAFETY STRATEGY

What kind of fire exit strategy is appropriate for a marine structure?

MARINE FIRE EXITING STRATEGIES

AREAS OF USE AND RATIONALE

A: MARINE EVACUATION SYSTEM Inflatable ramp fixed to the side of the structure is inflated when needed, raft inflates with ramp

AREA OF USE Projecting Volumes

B: FIRE RATED EXIT STAIR Fire resistant exit stair with emergency lighting.

AREA OF USE Traditional exit routes

C: MARINE FIRE SHOOT Specially designed for fixed and floating offshore installations and comes with a fire retardant chute and integrated life rafts stored inside the blast proof container.

AREA OF USE High elevation areas

D: FREE FALL LIFE BOAT Free fall life boats are mounted on the side of a structure and can be launched up to 50m in the air containing 70 people.

AREA OF USE Not in use

DANISH FIRE CODE REQUIREMENTS

RATIONALE These systems are compact and deliver occupants safely to the ocean. They are utilized in areas projecting into open water. The compact nature of their storage system means that they can be deployed under the structure with minimal visible impact. Unfortunately they are single use and have limitations to egress drills.

RATIONALE Inexpensive and easy to maintain fire exit stairs are utilized throughout the building where a means of egress to the main breakwater or floating path is possible

OCCUPANCY CLASSIFICATIONS

RATIONALE The fire shoot is deployed at the oast house a structure occupied only by workers and with flammable materials and processes. These are added in addition to regular fire stair.

RATIONALE Initially considered as part of fire safety the free fall boat was not utilized due to danger of collision with floating ships or people. Also once deployed the means of egress has then been closed so no others can use it.

MEANS OF EGRESS AND SPRINKLERS 1:1000 LEGEND HIGH FIRE RISK AREA

25m RADIUS FROM EXIT

25m

FIRE SHOOT MARINE EXIT RAMP ADDED EXIT STAIR HIGH RISK AREA AT BAKERY

SPRINKLER

BREAKAWAY PANELS IN CURTAIN WALL LEAD TO MARINE EXIT RAMPS

EXIT STAIRS WITH 1HR FIRE RATING

HIGH RISK AREA AT OAST HOUSE ABOVE

INFLATABLE RAFTS AND FIRE PUMPS AND EXTINGUISHERS PLACE AT 50m INTERVALS ALONG FLOATING PATH

CONCLUSION Norsafe Lifeboats: Free Fall Lifeboats. http://norsafe.com/lifesaving-systems/freefall-lifeboats/. Accessed 16 May 2017 Danish Building Research Institute. Instructions For Building Regulations 2015. Denmark http://sbi.dk/anvisninger/Pages/258Anvisning-om-Bygningsreglement-2015-2.aspx#/5-Brandforhold Viking Life-Saving Equipment. https://www.viking-life.com. Accessed 16 May 2017 THE GRAND TOUR OF EUtopia

By utilizing marine safety strategies means of egress can be achieved without excessive changes to the formal arrangement.

24

1.14 ACCESSIBILITY CODE DOCUMENTS

BUILDING ACCESS

WASHROOM ACCESSIBILITY

RELEVANT DOCUMENTS Several documents outline accessibility standards in Denmark. The Dansk Standard, Accessibility for All, and several additional documents from the Danish Association of Persons with Disabilities.

IMPLEMENTING ACCESSIBILITY STANDARDS

RAMPS Throughout the project ramps are utilized in place of stairs to increase accessibility for disabled persons.

ELEVATORS Where multiple levels exist where ramps cannot be implemented elevators are installed.

ACCESSIBLE WASHROOMS Washrooms on the site are designed to accessible design standards.

VISUALLY IMPAIRED AIDES Throughout the project aides for the visually impaired including braille, and tactile paving along the breakwater and floating walkway.

RAMPS AND ELEVATORS

ACCESSIBLE WC ACCESSIBLE WC

ELEVATOR ACCESSIBLE WC RAMP

RAMP

ELEVATOR RAMP

ACCESSIBLE WC

THE GRAND TOUR OF EUtopia

25

BUILDING CONSTRUCTION

THE GRAND TOUR OF EUtopia

02

26

2.1 KEY STRUCTURAL PRINCIPLES TO BE EXPLORED REFERENCE IMAGES

INVESTIGATION NOTE A number of pages have this note, look here to see what principles, ideas, or questions that page is investigating.

CAN LOCAL SHIP BUILDING EXPERTISE BE INCORPORATED INTO THE DESIGN OF TIMBER STRUCTURES?

VIKING SHIP HULL Traditional viking boat building methods are used to construct the tasting rooms.

WHAT KIND OF MOVING BRIDGE IS BEST SUITED FOR THE BANQUET BRIDGE?

WHAT KIND OF TRUSS IS CAPABLE OF BOTH SPANNING THE NECESSARY DISTANCE AND SATISFYING THE TRELLIS’S DESIGN VISION?

OIL RIG JACKET A salvaged oil rig structure is used as the structural frame of a space of pilgrim celebration.

TOWER BRIDGE A moving bridge connects the two sides of the building. Linking together the brewery and bakery for pilgrim banquets.

WHAT KIND OF STRUCTURE IS BEST SUITED FOR THE SPACES WITH RAINWATER COLLECTORS ABOVE?

UNITE D'HABITATION POOL Tiled rooftop pools are used to collect rainwater and provide drinking water, and unique flavor to the beer made on site.

WHAT KIND OF FIRE EXIT STRATEGY IS APPROPRIATE FOR A MARINE STRUCTURE?

HOW CAN THE CONSTRUCTION OF THE BREAKWATER BE STREAMLINED?

THERE ARE A NUMBER OF DIFFERENT TYPES OF BREAKWATER TYPES. WHICH TYPE BEST SUITS THE SPECIFIC CRITERIA OF THE GRAND TOUR OF EUTOPIA? AN ANALYSIS OF THE FOUR MAJOR TYPES.

SHEETPILE COFFERDAM This method of double walled sheetpiling makes up the structure of the breakwater.

CONCLUSION NOTE This is the counter part to the investigation note above. Here is where each page’s conclusions and decisions are summarized.

THE GRAND TOUR OF EUtopia

27

2.2 REFERENCE SECTION PLAN REFERENCE

BRIDGE SECTION SECTION 2.13 50m - STRUCTURE ROOF

HOP ROASTER SECTION 2.15

40m - OAST HOUSE ROOF

OAST PRESS DETAIL SECTION 2.15 34m - OAST HOUSE LEVEL

OAST HOUSE FLOOR EDGE DETAIL SECTION 2.15

PULLEY SYSTEM DETAIL SECTION 2.13

WALL SECTION

24m - TASTING ROOM LEVEL

SECTION 2.17

WATER FILLED COUNTER WEIGHT DETAIL SECTION 2.13 14m - BANQUET KITCHEN ROOF

BEARING DETAIL SECTION 2.13

ROOF LIGHT DETAIL SECTION 2.16

RAIN COLLECTOR PARAPET DETAIL SECTION 2.17

BREAKWATER MODULE SECTION 2.6

FLOATING WALKWAY SECTION 2.7 6m - ENTRY LEVEL

FLOATING PLANTER DETAIL SECTION 2.7

CONNECTION AT BREAKWATER DETAIL SECTION 2.10

BREAKWATER MODULE DETAIL SECTION 2.6

0m - SEA LEVEL

-6m - BASEMENT LEVEL

THE GRAND TOUR OF EUtopia

28

2.3 STRUCTURAL GRID

INVESTIGATION What kind of structure is best suited for the spaces with rainwater collectors above?

STRUCTURAL COLUMN ISOMETRIC

CHOOSING A STRUCTURAL SYSTEM FOR ABOVE GROUND STRUCTURES REINFORCED CONCRETE ADVANTAGES High Compressive Strength Lower skilled construction Easy maintenance Fire resistance

ROOF LIGHT APERTURES

ROOF WATER COLLECTOR

DISADVANTAGES Lower Tensile Strength Large space requirement Heavy

ROOF WATER COLLECTOR

STEEL FRAME ADVANTAGES Ductile so good under wind loads Highest strength to weight ratio Prefabrication flexibility

STEEL COLUMN SYSTEM

DISADVANTAGES

STEEL FRAME

Expensive Poor fire resistance

TIMBER ADVANTAGES Light weight Aesthetic Renewable

COMPOSITE DECK ON STEEL STRUCTURE COMPOSITE DECK ON STEEL STRUCTURE

DISADVANTAGES Susceptible to rot and other infestation Swelling and contraction with moisture Poor fire resistance

STRUCTURAL COLUMN GRID 1:1000

A B C

3.5m 3.5m 4.5m

D 5.5m

E F G

3.5m 4.0m

23.5m

H 8.0m

I J

3.7m 3.7m

K 7.3m

L

4.5m

M 7.0m

N

3.1m

8.7m

1

2

3.6m 6.0m

3

4

6.0m

5

6.0m

6

6.0m

7

11.0m

8

11.4m

9

5.7m

10

5.7m

11

12

5.7m

7.0m

13

4.0m

14

15

8.6m

4.0m

16 17

10.6m

6.0m

18

19

CONCLUSION http://www.buildings.com/article-details/articleid/2511/title/concrete-vs-steel/viewall/true

THE GRAND TOUR OF EUtopia

Steel frame construction allows for high strength and low weight. Steel structure is also chosen because of the ease of prefabrication. Many steel elements are constructed off site to ease construction and avoid poor weather which may obstruct construction on site and delay the construction programme.

29

INVESTIGATION DIFFERENT TYPES OF BREAKWATERS

2.4 BREAKWATER TYPOLOGY STUDY

There are a number of different types of breakwater types. Which type best suits the specific criteria of the Grand Tour of EUtopia? An analysis of the four major types.

CALULATING WAVE PRESSURE

OPTION A: SLOPING OR RUBBLE MOUND BREAKWATER

WAVE TYPE AT THYBORØN The waves arriving on the site are non breaking as the water depth is approximately 9m deep. However, over time sand will accumulate in the breakwater and decrease the water depth.

DESCRIPTION Rubble mounds arranged in sloping hills. They are the most common method to protect harbors from waves. The seaward slop of the mound can wasily absorb wave energy.

WAVE ACTION

NON BREAKING WAVES FORCES ON VERTICAL WALLS Typically hydrostatic forces from non breaking waves can be expected when the depth of the structure (9m) is 1.5 times the wave height (4.5m). The Sainflou method of wave pressure theory describes the forces acting on the wall.

ADVANTAGES Flexibility Low transmission and reflection DISADVANTAGES Large volume of material needed Large area of seabed ocupation

p 1 = (p 2 + w0 h)

OPTION B: VERTICAL BREAKWATER DESCRIPTION

p1

Traditionally constructed from interlocking stone blocks, the technology has since improved. Now concrete caissons are used.

WAVE ACTION

H + h0 H + h + h0 SEA p1

H +h 0

H h0

SWL

h

ADVANTAGES Inexpensive

pz p2

DISADVANTAGES Wave reflection and transmission Undermining and erosion

BREAKING WAVES FORCES ON VERTICAL WALLS It is expected that breaking waves will also act on the structure.

As some areas are below 1.5 times deeper than the wave height.

In addition sediment collecting in the breakwater will lower the depth over time. The force of these waves are calculated with the Minikin formula.

OPTION C: COMPOSITE BREAKWATER DESCRIPTION WAVE ACTION

Rubblemounds are placed infront of the upright sections of breakwater. These blocks dissipate energy before reaching the upright wall.

p d = 101w pd Hb LD D,d d D

ADVANTAGES Increased strength over vertical breakwater DISADVANTAGES Large seabed area Less suitable for deep water conditions

Hb

hd

LD

D

(D + d d )

= maximum dynamic pressure = breaker height = wave length = depth at the toe of the wall = depth one wave length infornt of the wall

AREA OF BREAKWATER

OPTION D: PILED BREAKWATER DESCRIPTION WAVE ACTION

Piled breakwaters are constructed in the form of sheet piles anchored to each other with the space between them filled with infill.

ADVANTAGES Good in poor soil conditions Work carried out above sea level Cost effective DISADVANTAGES Must use multiple walls for extra strength

SELECTION CRITERIA

OPTION 1

EASE OF LAYOUT

2

SENSITIVE TO ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS

3

HABITATABLE UTILIZATION CONDITIONS

4

EASE OF AVAILABILITY OF MATERIALS/EQUIPMENT

5

LOW COST OF CONSTRUCTION

6

LOW COST OF MAINTANCE

A

B

C

D

CONCLUSION Tsinker, Gregory P. Port Engineering: Planning, Construction, Maintenance, and Security. John Wiley & Sons. New Jersey. 2004.

THE GRAND TOUR OF EUtopia

The sheet pile breakwater provides the ideal breakwater typology for the masterplan. Its low environmental impact, strength, and ease of installation suit the site’s environmental sensitivity, and the short window of installation between inclement weather.

30

2.5 BREAKWATER - SETTING OUT AND CONSTRUCTION

INVESTIGATION HOW CAN INSTALLATION BE SIMPLIFIED?

How can the construction of the breakwater be streamlined?

CHOOSING AN INSTALLATION METHOD

PREVIOUS LAYOUT

VIBRATION METHOD A vibratory hammer uses vibration to transfer up and down vibratory forces to the pile. The head is not damaged and a high level of efficiency is achieved. This method is also useful for removing piles.

R4 =

450m

R3 = 400m

CREATING SIMPLIFIED RADIUS BREAKWATER In order to simplify the construction of the breakwater they are made up of only four different radius circles and straight arms. By modifying this radius the floating breakwater modules can be prefabricated with only five different sections.

PERCUSSION METHOD A hydraulic or diesel hammer is used to ram the pile down into the ground. In order to avoid weakening or buckling the pile a pile cap is added. This method achieves a high force useful in areas of joint resistance or ground resistance.

R2 = 600m

R1 =

800m

PRESS IN METHOD A hydraulic mechanism grasps the sheet pile driving it downward.

The machine is small and does not require a crane. This method is useful in sensitive areas as it is low noise and low vibration.

WHY PRESS IN? By utilizing a driving mechanism that is mounted to existing sheetpiles work can continue even when wave action would make cranes and barges dangerous and inoperable. This will also minimize the number of floating vehicles required for the construction of the breakwater keeping the channel clear and reducing pollution.

SIMPLIFIED FLOATING MODULES By maintaining a single radius at each bend of the breakwater each of the 16 floating dock elements at the curve can be fabricated to the same specifications.

0m

50m

200m

SHEET PILE INSTALLATION 1

2

STEEL TIE ROD STEEL H-SHAPE SHEET PILE STEEL I-PROFILE REINFORCING CONCRETE INFILL

ENCLOSURE OF THE COFFERDAM AND INSTALLATION OF BRACING

SHEET PILE PLACEMENT

3

4

WATER REMOVAL

POURED REENFORCEMENT AND CAPPING

Tsinker, Gregory P. Port Engineering: Planning, Construction, Maintenance, and Security. John Wiley & Sons. New Jersey. 2004.

THE GRAND TOUR OF EUtopia

CONCLUSION Choosing the right installation method and simplifying the construction means that construction is easier, faster, and more cost effective.

31

2.6 BREAKWATER STEP MODULES 1:5 DETAIL MODULAR BREAKWATER DECK AREA MODULAR BREAKWATER DECKING Fixed to the front of the sheetpile breakwater is a series of stepped breakwater decks. They absorb wave energy and convert it to energy. This modular ‘beach’ hosts different programs. Programmed modules can be exchanged or added as necessary.

DECKING AREA

DECKING AREA

BREAKWATER DECK SECTION 1:100

DECKING AREA

MODULAR BREAKWATER DECK

EDGE DETAIL 1:10

300x300x25mm L-SHAPED STEEL TRAY IPE 180 STEEL BEAM M8mm BOLTS THROUGH SHEAR PLATE M20mm REMOVABLE BOAT

BLANK MODULE

RADIENT HEAT PIT

AMPHITHEATRE

SWIMMING HOLE

WASHROOMS

CHANGING ROOMS

30mm DEEP VERTICAL WOOD SLATS

STEEL ANGLE FIXED WITH M8mm bolts

30mm DEEP WOOD DECKING WITH ANTI-SLIP NOTCHING FILLED W/ HIGH GRIP STRIPS 40mm DEEP WOOD BLOCKING

GLAMPING

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ARCHIVE TOWER

32

2.7 FLOATING PATH PLANTER 1:8 DETAIL FLOATING WALKWAY AREA

PONTOON WALKWAY SECTION 1:100

PONTOON WALKWAY

FLOATING BRIDGE - KUMBH MEL, INDIA

WHY THE FLOATING BRIDGE? The floating bridge or walkway was selected because of its cost effectiveness, ease of prefabrication and modular nature. Its low profile also means that pilgrims are brought closer to the water and the nature of the Limfjord. The walkway is located behind the breakwater so there is little to no wave action.

THE WALKWAY ALSO CALMS THE WAVES PROTECTING THE ECOLOGY AND ENCOURAGING BIO-DIVERSITY

COMMON GLASSWORT (SAMPHIRE) SALICORNIA EUROPAEA Glasswort is a 5-20 cm high. The leaves are fleshy and grow together in pairs.

Grasswort blooms in July-September.

There is great variation in the colours of the plants, which may have distinct green, pink, red or violet colours.

Grasswort grows at the water’s edge. It is also edible and considered a specialty.

SALTMARSH RUSH JUNCUS GERARDI Saltmarsh rush grows to a height of 40 cm belonging to the rush family.

Saltmarsh rush grows in the outer part of the salt marshes. It has wide-creeping rhizome forms which shoot with upright, grassy-green leaves and brown flowers.

GREATER SEA-SPURREY SPERGULARIA MEDIA Greater sea-spurrey belongs to the pink family. It is a low-lying herb with a flattened stem and succulent, linear leaves. The opposite leaves are surrounded by two fused membranous shaft leaves at the base. The flower petals are white or pink.

STRAWBERRY CLOVER TRIFOLIUM FRAGIFERUM Strawberry clover is a low growing plant with up to 30 cm long, rooting shoots.

Strawberry clover belongs to the pea family. The leaflets are narrowly ovoid, smooth to slightly hairy and green-dark green. The flower head is ball shaped and the corolla is white to pink. It grows in the inner drier area of the marsh.

BEACH PEA LATHYRUS JAPONICUS Beach pea is a perennial and belongs to the pea family. It grows in an ascending and climbing manner and the stems are edged, green, and usually hairless. The leaves are scattered, with 3-5 leaflets.

The blade tip is transformed into a tendril when flowering occurs in July-August.

2 LAYERS 60mm DEEP WOOD BLOCKING 60mm DEEP WOOD DECKING WITH ANTI-SLIP STRIPES WATER PROOF LED DOWNLIGHT STRIPS INTEGRATED SPRINKLER SYSTEM MOLDED FIBERGLASS PLANTER M20mm BOLTS W/ BRACKET ATTACHMENT IPE 770mm STEEL BEAM M30mm BOLTS

IRRIGATION PIPING ELECTRICAL PIPING 25mm STEEL PLATE FIXED IPE WITH M8mm BOLTS AND WELDED L-BRACKET

HOW DO YOU RECREATE A SALT MARSH FOR LOCAL PLANTS? The planters are designed for native Danish coastal plants and recreate the specific growing conditions they need. This is achieved by combining sandy soils with a hydro gel a super absorbent polymer. This replaces the underlying mud layer found in marsh conditions and prevents roots from getting too dry. In addition salt water is added via the irrigation system, acting as a herbicide and introducing nutrients, minerals and salt water creatures.

MULCH TOP LAYER SANDY LOAM AND ORGANIC COMPOST SUBSTRATE WATER RETAINING LAYER OF HYDROGEL SANDY BOTTOM LAYER

STEEL PIVOT FOAM FILLED METAL PONTOON

Robinson, Alexander, Margolis, Liat. Living Systems: Innovative Materials and Technologies for Landscape Architecture. Springer Science & Business Media, 2008

Robinson, Alexander, Margolis, Liat. Living Systems: Innovative Materials and Technologies for Landscape Architecture.

Springer Science & Business Media, 2008.

Plants of the Agger. http://agger.nationalparkthy.eu/ THE GRAND TOUR OF EUtopia

33

2.8 STORAGE CATHEDRAL STRUCTURAL BREAKDOWN OAST HOUSE STEEL FRAME STRUCTURE

S2

S1 KIT OF PARTS The oast house structure is an active truss made up of wide flange beams, columns and bracing. Connections are welded and bolted.

The primary structure is composed of wide-flange steel sections (S1).

The primary structure is fastened to the main structural frame by a cold-formed circular hollow section (S2) sandwiched between to circular steel plates welded together and bolted to the two assemblies.

TASTING ROOM TIMBER STRUCTURE

W1

W2

KIT OF PARTS The tasting room’s primary structure is a glue lam continuous frame (W2) 400mm deep and 150mm wide. Additional blocking and framing is carried out with 50mm deep and 100mm wide boards (W2). Setions are bolted together with structural steel brackets.

STORAGE CATHEDRAL RECYCLED STRUCTURE

S4

KIT OF PARTS The bridge structure is composed of square hollow steel sections welded and bolted together. The square HSS allows for simplified welded connections and additional bracing at the junction to the swing arm and counter balance.

The primary vertical and horizontal elements are both composed of 500mmx300mmx20mm RHS HSS (S4).

STORAGE CATHEDRAL RECYCLED STRUCTURE

B1

STORAGE CATHEDRAL STRUCTURE The Storage Cathedral is composed of three major structural elements.

The main structural frame is made up of a salvaged and recycled north sea oil rig jacket. The circular HSS frame is craned into place with two barge cranes, and then bolted to the sheetpile breakwater. The Oast House and Bridge are pre-assembled into larger components at a nearby staging area. The elements are then craned into place and fastened by workers operating from scaffolding platforms attached to the main structural frame. This methodology allows for increased flexibility as a reduced number of cranes and barges are needed and the time spent in the potentially high seas is limited.

THE GRAND TOUR OF EUtopia

C1

B2

S3 KIT OF PARTS The primary structural frame is composed of circular hollow steel sections welded together.

The circular HSS primary columns (C1)are 1000mm diameter with 20mm wall thickness.

The circular HSS beams (B1) are 711mm diameter with 14.2 mm wall thickness The circular HSS diagonal bracing elements (B2) are 508mm diameter with 12.5mm wall thickness The primary columns are fastened to the breakwater structure with an assembly of 2x30mm thick circular steel plates welded to the columns and braced by 30mm thick steel fins (S3)

34

2.9 STORAGE CATHEDRAL : OIL RIG FRAME RECOVERY PROCESS WHY RECYCLED OIL RIG STRUCTURE? SPATIAL REQUIREMENTS

JACKET RECOVERY

1

ROBUST STRUCTURE

2

COST EFFECTIVE

3

LINK TO GRAND TOUR

4

WITHSTAND MARINE CONDITIONS

5

GLASS FACADE

STEEL STRUCTURE

TRANSPORTATION AND INSTALLATION

CONCRETE STRUCTURE

The process of removing the used oil rig jacket from the North Sea provides insight as to what is required to move such mega structures. The Jacket will be removed, cut, and refurbished on land, after which it will be returned to a smaller barge and craned into place on sight.

RECYCLED OIL RIG JACKET STRUCTURE

LIFTING JACKET STRUCTURE BY CRANE

1 2 3 4 5

TRANSPORT OF JACKET FROM REFURBISHMENT

JACKET RECOVERY PROCESS PHASE 1

The recovery barge is brought alongside the oil rig jacket. The upper jacket is cleaned as necessary, the barge ballast is readied and blocks are placed upon the barge deck.

PHASE 3

The jacket is lifted to the selected pivot point which is maintained by the B-system and the downturn is initiated.

PHASE 5

The jacket’s centre of gravity is sufficiently far beyond the turning point to ensure undisturbed re-immersion.

PHASE 2

The top of the jacket is linked to the barge by the winch. Tension is placed on the line and the rig’s support piles are cut.

PHASE 4

Wire forces, jacket and barge movements are continuously maintained for secure controlled lowering.

PHASE 6

The jacket is pulled as far as the winch bump. The jacket is secured to barge for shipment to land where the jacket is removed via skid or trolley system

A Danish Field, Platforms and Pipelines, Decommissioning Programmes. Fornyelsesfondon https://allseas.com/activities/heavy-lifting/installation/

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2.10 STORAGE CATHEDRAL CONNECTION 1:20 DETAILS STORAGE CATHEDRAL CONNECTION AT OAST HOUSE 1:20

POLISHED CONCRETE FLOOR 400mm STEEL WIDE FLANGE BEAM 200mm THICK DENIM INSULATION

M16mm BOLTS THROUGH 20mm THICK CIRCULAR STEEL BOTTOM PLATE WELDED TO 159x6.3mm HSS CHS STEEL TUBE 10mm METAL CEILING PANEL FIXED WITH STAINLESS STEEL CLIPS CIRCULAR STEEL PLATE MOUNTED TO GLASS FOR BRIDGE CABLE THROUGH WAY 700mm SALVAGED, RESTORED, AND REFINISHED OIL RIG JACKET STRUCTURE

TRIPLE PANE BOLT ON GLASS SYSTEM

INTERIOR

EXTERIOR

HSS CHS 219.1x8mm STEEL STAND OFF BOLT ON GLASS SYSTEM

STORAGE CATHEDRAL BASE 1:20 1000mm STEEL OIL RIG JACKET COLUMN

PLINTH STRUCTURE

30mm STEEL PLATE FINS WELDED TO PRIMARY STRUCTURE AND 30mm DEEP CIRCULAR STEEL BASE PLATE M30mm BOLTS 100mm COMPOSITE CONCRETE DECK 240mm STEEL BEAM

HE 650mm STEEL SUPPORT RUNNING PARALEL TO FOOTING

POURED IN-SITU SHEET PILE CAP

H-CAP STEEL SHEETPILE WALL H-SHAPE STEEL REINFORCING POURED IN-SITU CONCRETE INFILL

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INVESTIGATION What kind of moving bridge is best suited for the banquet bridge?

BANQUET BRIDGE LOWERING SEQUENCE

2.12 BANQUET BRIDGE: OPERATING MECHANISM

WHAT TYPE OF MOVING BRIDGE TO USE? CHOOSING AN INSTALLATION METHOD BANQUET BRIDGE SELECTION A number of criteria were considered in the selection of an approriate type of moving bridge for the banquet hall. The movement of the banquet hall is important to the design because of the ceremony attached to lowering the bridge for pilgrim banquets, the symbolic connection between the two structures, and the necessity of lifting the space for arriving pilgrim ferries.

SPATIAL REQUIREMENTS

A number of moving bridge typologies exist including the drawbridge, bascule, folding, curling, vertical-ift, table, retractable, rolling bascule, submersible, tilt, swing, and transporter. Several types were compared in more detail.

DRAWBRIDGE

1

FREE SPANNING

2

LIFTING CLEAR FOR BOAT TRAFFIC

3

ACCOMODATE AN ENCLOSED BANQUET ROOM

4

COMPACT MECHANISM

5

COST EFFECTIVE

REQUIREMENTS FULFILLED

The bridge deck is hinged on one side ADVANTAGES Upward swinging deck Design opportunity with counter weight DISADVANTAGES Heavy counter weight required

BASCULE BRIDGE

1

2

3

4

5

BANQUET BRIDGE SELECTION The drawbridge is selected because of its compact and vertical folding, ability to enclose the deck easily, and design opportunities to have a water filled counter weight using the adjacent sea water.

FINKENWERDER DRAWBRIDGE

REQUIREMENTS FULFILLED

A drawbridge hinged on pins with a counterweight to facilitate raising.

ADVANTAGES

1

2

3

Upward swinging deck Easily enclosed deck DISADVANTAGES Large awkward counter weight BASCULE BRIDGE CHICAGO

FOLDING BRIDGE

REQUIREMENTS FULFILLED

A drawbridge with multiple sections that collapse together horizontally.

ADVANTAGES

1

2

4

Compact DISADVANTAGES Difficult to enclose deck FOLDING BRIDGE KIELER HÖRN, SBP

ROLLING BRIDGE

REQUIREMENTS FULFILLED

The bridge deck is hinged on one side ADVANTAGES Unique mechanism

PLAN DIAGRAM OF PULLEY SYSTEM

1

2

4

DISADVANTAGES Expensive Difficult to enclose deck

BRIDGE

HINGE BEARING

THOMAS HEATHERWICK, LONDON

LIFT BRIDGE

REQUIREMENTS FULFILLED

The bridge deck is hinged on one side VERTICAL PULLY

ADVANTAGES Easily enclosed deck Room consistantly horizontal

1

3

4

DISADVANTAGES HORIZONTAL PULLY VERTICAL PULLY COUNTER WEIGHT

THE GRAND TOUR OF EUtopia

Deck is always joining sides Both ends require tall towers

PONT JAQUES CHABAN-DELMAS, FRANCE

37

2.14 BANQUET BRIDGE : HOIST SYSTEM

100mm DIA. BRAIDED CABLE STEEL CABLE ATTACHMENT BOLTED TO PLEXIGLAS TANK WITH M30mm BOLTS SANDWICHED BETWEEN 50mm STEEL PLATES

M30mm BOLTS THROUGH 50mm STEEL PLATE FIXING PULLEY TO ROOF STRUCTURE 100mm STEEL MOUNTING PLATE STEEL PULLEY WHEEL GUIDE 100mm DIA. BRAIDED STEEL CABLE

100mm CAST CYLINDRICAL PLEXIGLAS TANK RUBBER GASKET AND SILICONE SEALED CONNECTION INTERFACE FLEXIBLE TUBING TO COUNTER BALANCE WATER PUMP AND BALLAST TANK

1400mm STEEL BEARING MOUNTED TO 1000mm ROUND HSS STRUCTURE ROTATING STRUCTURE WELDED TO BEARING

Reynolds Polymer. http://www.reynoldspolymer.com/. Accessed 16 April 2017

THE GRAND TOUR OF EUtopia

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2.15 TASTING ROOMS : MARINE TIMBER STRUCTURE

INVESTIGATION Can local ship building expertise be incorporated into the design of timber structures?

VIKING SHIP INSPIRED STRUCTURE

CHAPEL SANAKSENAHO ARCHITECTS

TRADITIONAL VIKING SHIP CONSTRUCTION

WOOD MODEL SHIP BUILDING KIT

PLANK ON FRAME CONSTRUCTION

SELECTING A CLADDING TYPE CARVEL

COLD MOLDED

Individual tapered planks edge to edge and fastened to a framework.

Several layers of thin veneers of wood glued to each other over a jig or framework.

ADVANTAGES / DISADVANTAGES Requires high skills, additional caulking between planks or glued splines and heavy framework.

ADVANTAGES / DISADVANTAGES Fairly high skills and maybe the production of a jig that becomes redundant. Also uses expensive materials, produces a very strong monocoque hull shell. Difficult to repair.

LAPSTRAKE / CLINKER

STITCH & TAPE

PLANK ON FRAME

Individual tapered planks with over lapping edges fastened to transverse timbers.

Pre-shaped panels of plywood stitched edge to edge giving a multi-line shape with ply frames added.

The form of the tasting rooms lends itself to a combination of methods. Prefabrication of the elements and the ability for pieces to be machined digitally means a high degree of precision can be achieved. The structure also requires a heavy framework already so this is not considered a disadvantage.

ADVANTAGES / DISADVANTAGES Requires high skills, expensive materials.

Requires regular maintenance and is difficult to repair. Can suffer from leaks as the hull gets older.

ADVANTAGES / DISADVANTAGES Can use low cost materials, requires low skills and only basic tools. The quickest, cheapest and easiest form of construction. Requires use of messy epoxy joints.

TASTING ROOM WALL ASSEMBLY TASTING ROOM By utilizing traditional boat building techniques the tasting rooms can be built light weight and connect with the local marine construction industry.

LEGEND 1

50mm HSS FRAME

2

200mm CEDAR CLADDING

3

WATERPROOF BREATHER MEMBRANE

4

50mm BLOCKING

5

300mm DENIM BATT INSULATION

6

VAPOR BARRIER

7

200mm CEDAR INTERIOR CLADDING

8

400x150mm GLUE-LAM TIMBER FRAME

8 7

5

6

I was a part of Thyborøn’s boat building industry, I’ve got the skills for this job!

4

3

2

1

2

Selway Fisher Design. Yacht & Boat Designs, Plans & Manuals For The Home & Professional Boat Builder http:// www.selway-fisher.com/ THE GRAND TOUR OF EUtopia

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THE GRAND TOUR OF EUtopia

WIND COWL ROTATES WITH DIRECTION OF WIND TO VENT SMOKE

FLORESCENT CHANNEL LIGHTING

DIFFUSED ACID ETCHED TWO-PLY LAMINATED INTERIOR GLAZING

COLOUR FREE PEBBLED TEXTURE AND LIGHT SANDBLASTING EXTERIOR GLAZING

OAST HOUSE WALL DETAIL 1:10

THE OAST HOUSE The Oast House roaster is where raw hops are roasted and dried for brewing.

Raw hops are hoisted up to the Oast House where they are placed in the ovens the temperature is raised drying the hops. They are placed in a packing machine and suspended in the storage cathedral. The hops pilgrims bring from the Grand Tour of EUtopia are processed and used beer production.

TRADITIONAL OAST HOUSE

PREFABRICATED OAST ROASTER SEGMENT BOLTED TOGETHER

400mm IPE STEEL ROOF STRUCTURE

M20mm BOLTED SHEAR PLATE

100mm CONCRETE DECK

2 LAYERS 50mm RIDGED INSULATION

SPRAY FOAM CAVITY

50mm RIDGED INSULATION

2 LAYERS WATERPROOF MEBRANE

STAINLESS STEEL FLASHING

WATERPROOF TAPE

HOP ROASTER INTERFACE AT ROOF DETAIL 1:10

HOP DRYING TRACK SYSTEM

RECIEVING HOP SACK

FLOOR ASSEMBLY 100mm CONCRETE DECK 300mm IPE STEEL BEAM DENIM INSULATION FILLED CAVITY METAL CEILING PANEL

HOP PRESS

OPERATION WHEEL

HANGING STEEL SQUARE SECTION STRUCTURE

MOBILE GANTRY WHEEL SYSTEM

HOP PRESS DETAIL 1:10

2.16 STORAGE CATHEDRAL : OAST HOUSE DETAILS

40

INVESTIGATION

2.17 TRELLIS TRUSS SYSTEM

What kind of truss is capable of both spanning the necessary distance and satisfying the trellis’s design vision?

NO DIAGONAL

The spanning structure must be able to span 50m, support the trellis, wisteria, and support structure. It is also important that vertical elements are free to curve and maintain the visual impact of the arching trellis.

SPAN 50m

SELECTION CRITERIA

HIGH STRENGTH

TRELLIS ELEVATIONS MATERIAL EFFICIENCY

CHOOSING A TRUSS SYSTEM

1

2

WARREN TRUSS In this type of truss, diagonal members are alternatively in tension and in compression. The Warren truss has equal length compression and tension web members. Warren trusses are commonly used in long spans.

6

3

PRATT TRUSS In a Pratt truss diagonal members are in tension for gravity loads. This type of truss is used where gravity loads are predominant

4 7

5

8

TRELLIS ELEVATIONS VIERENDEEL TRUSS Vierendeel trusses are rigidly-jointed trusses having only vertical members between the top and bottom chords. The chords are normally parallel or near parallel. Elements in Vierendeel trusses are subjected to bending, axial force and shear, unlike conventional trusses with diagonal web members where the members are primarily designed for axial loads. They are usually more expensive than conventional trusses and their use limited to instances where diagonal web members are either obtrusive or undesirable.

Vertical members near the supports are subject to the highest moments and therefore require larger sections to be used.

WIDE SUPPORT STRUCTURE TO RESIST SHEAR BENDING AT ENDS

REMOVAL OF WIDE SPANS WITH NO VERTICAL CONNECTION

VERTICAL CONNECTIONS AT LARGE ARCH

VIERENDEEL TRUSS Identifying structural truss elements

TRELLIS SYSTEM TRELLIS CONNECTION DETAIL

CAST FIBERGLASS REINFORCED PLANTER

CAST RECTANGULAR HSS CONNECTION

400mm STEEL UPE CHANNEL

M30mm BOLTS

CAST RECTANGULAR HSS CONNECTION

TRELLIS RADIANT SYSTEM JOINT

STEEL HSS PLANTER STRUCTURE

CONCLUSION SteelConstruction: The Free Encyclopedia For Uk Steel Construction Information. http://www.steelconstruction. info/Trusses. Accessed 10 May 2017

THE GRAND TOUR OF EUtopia

The vierendeel truss is able to span the distance between the two breakwaters with out compromising the trellis design language due to the absence of diagonal members.

41

2.18 TRELLIS DETAILS TRELLIS ROOF LIGHT UPSTAND DETAIL 1:20

TRELLIS PLANTER SECTION DETAIL 1:20

SQUARE HSS STEEL TRELLIS CIRCULAR STEEL SUPPORT FOR BOLT ON GLASS SYSTEM GLASS ROOF LIGHT STEEL CAP FLASHING

UPSTAND ASSEMBLY

100X100MM MARBLE TILE 2 LAYERS WATERPROOF MEMBRANE AFFIXED TO CONCRETE POURED IN PLACE CONCRETE RIDGED INSULATION ALUMINIUM FRAMING FIBRE BOARD BACKING MARBLE TILE

60mm CIRCULAR HSS CONTAINING RADIENT HEAT PIPING IRRIGATION PIPING 250X150mm STEEL SQUARE HSS TRELLIS STRUCTURE WISTERIA TREE STEEL BAND FIBREGLASS MOLDED TRELLIS

360mm DENIM BATT INSULATION FILLED CAVITY COMPOST, PEAT MOSS AND PERLITE GROWING MEDIUM

DRAINAGE LAYER

GRAVEL DRAINAGE BED

400x300mm STEEL BASE BEAM STEEL CAP FLASHING M30mm STEEL BOLTS THROUGH 20mm STEEL BASE PLATE WELDED TO STRUCTURE

TRELLIS SECTION AT ROOF WATER COLLECTOR 1:50

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42

2.19 WATER COLLECTOR ROOF PARAPET DETAIL

DEBRIS FILTER LED CONTINUOUS STRIP LIGHTING

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11

ROOF ASSEMBLY

100X100x10mm MARBLE TILE 2 LAYERS WATERPROOF MEMBRANE 200mm DEEP CONCRETE COMPOSITE DECKING 400mm STEEL WIDE FLANGE BEAM 360mm DENIM BATT INSULATION FILLED CAVITY 20mm STEEL PLATE 40MM RIDGED INSULATION WATERPROOF MEMBRANE 50mm ALUMINIUM FRAMING 10mm WATER RESISTANT BOARD BACKING 100x100x10mm MARBLE TILE

1 2 3

PILGRIM TILES Marble tiles are carried by pilrgims from the stop in the abandoned marble mines in Italy. The irregular and patchwork nature of the different tiles represent the diversity of Europe.

4

5

6 7 8 9 10 11

INTERIOR

EXTERIOR

COPPER RAINWATER DOWNSPOUT TRIPPLE PANE GLASS MOUNTED ON BRUSHED STAINLESS STEEL CURTAIN WALL SYSTEM

COPPER DOWNSPOUT OFF STAND MOUNTED TO VERTICAL MULLION

100mm COMPOSITE CONCRETE DECKING IPE 240mm STEEL BEAM HE 650mm STEEL SUPPORT

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43

2.20 CONSTRUCTION SEQUENCE

1

1: SITE PREPARATION SITE OFFICE

A: SITE OFFICE SET OUT STAGING AREA AT ADJACENT VACANT PORT AREA

B: ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION MEASURES SET UP C: STAGING AREA ESTABLISHED

FUTURE BREAKWATER

LAYING OUT OIL BOOM

2

2: BREAKWATER CONSTRUCTED A: GUIDE PILES DRIVEN BEGINNING WITH AREA AT BAKERY / BREWERY B: INITIAL PILES DRIVEN BY BARGE THEN SWITCHED TO MOUNTED PUSH IN SYSTEM III

I

II

INSTALLATION OF STORAGE CATHEDRAL AFTER STAGE I. BREAKWATER COMPLETION FOR ADDITIONAL CRANE MANEUVERING AREA

C: BREAKWATER CONSTRUCTION ORDER I. BREWERY SECTION COMPLETED FIRST SO CONSTRUCTION CAN BEGIN. II. BAKERY SECTION III. ADDITIONAL BREAKWATER SECTIONS D: CAVITY FILLED WITH CONCRETE E: INTERNAL VOID PUMPED OUT

III

3

3: FLOATING MODULES AND PILGRIM REST HOUSES DELIVERED A: PREFABRICATED MODULES DELIVERED TO STAGING AREA B: SEGMENTS ASSEMBLED AT STAGING AREA

FOCUS AREA

C: COMPLETED SEGMENTS FLOATED TO BREAKWATER D: SEGMENTS CRANED INTO PLACE BREAKWATER MODULES

E: SEGMENTS JOINED, CONSTRUCTION, AND FIT OUT COMPLETED ON SITE

PILGRIM REST HOUSES

4

4: INSTALLATION OF PREFABRICATED STEEL FRAMES A: STEEL FRAME ELEMENTS ARRIVE BY BARGE B: ARRIVAL DOCK FLOATED TO SITE C: COMPOSITE CONCRETE FLOORS POURED IN-SITU B: PARTIALLY COMPLETED FRAMES IS CRANED INTO PLACE C: WELDING, BOLTING, AND COMPLETION ON-SITE

COMPLETED STEEL FRAME

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2.20 CONSTRUCTION SEQUENCE

5

5: BANQUET BRIDGE, OAST HOUSE, AND LIVING MACHINE CONSTRUCTION A: STORAGE CATHEDRAL INTERIOR ELEMENTS CRANED INTO TOWER B: BANQUET BRIDGE ARRIVES BY BARGE, CRANED INTO POSITION C: OAST HOUSE STEEL FRAME CONSTRUCTION BEGINS SEGMENTS ASSEMBLED AT STAGING AREA, CRANED INTO POSITION, AND WELDED ON SITE D: LIVING MACHINE CONSTRUCTED, TERRACES BUILT AND PRE-FRABRICATED BIO-DIGESTERS INSTALLED

6

6: WISTERIA TRELLIS AND ROOF LIGHTS INSTALLED A: SUPPORT COLUMN PILES DRIVEN WHERE NECESSARY B: COLUMNS FIXED TO STRUCTURE C: STEEL TRELLIS ELEMENTS CRANED AND BOLTED INTO POSITION D: ROOF LIGHT GLAZING INSTALLED E: PLANTER BOXES INSERTED INTO STRUCTURE, FILLED, AND WISTERIA SAPLINGS PLANTED

7

7: FLOATING WALKWAY INSTALLED A: FLOATING WALKWAY SEGMENTS ASSEMBLED AT STAGING AREA B: SEGMENTS FLOATED INTO PLACE

8

8: PROJECT COMPLETION AND FINISHING A: PAINTING B: SMALL EQUIPMENT DELIVERED C: SITE CLEAN UP D: DISMANTLEMENT OF STAGING AREA AND SITE OFFICE E: CELEBRATING BANQUET

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BUILDING PERFORMANCE

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03

46

3.1 ENVIRONMENTAL PRINCIPLES OVERVIEW ENVIRONMENTAL FOCUS

WATER

1

RAINWATER COLLECTION SYSTEM

REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT PLAN 2012 www.rup2012.rm.dk

Summary

the energy strategy 2050

The diagrams below outline the different environmental strategies on the site of The Grand Tour of EUtopia. Several of these elements will be explored in more detail.

– from coal, oil and gas to green energy

&OFSHZ 4USBUFHZ o GSPN DPBM PJM BOE HBT UP HSFFO FOFSHZ 4VNNBSZ February 2011:8

Invitation to contribute to the vision:

For information about this publication, please contact: The Danish Ministry of Climate and Energy Stormgade 2-6 1470 Copenhagen K Denmark Telephone: +45 3392 2800 Email: kemin@kemin.dk www.kemin.dk

RAIN WATER COLLECTION

2

By 2030, the Central Denmark Region will be an international growth region in a cohesive Denmark

ISBN printed publication 978-87-92727-15-2

WASTE WATER AND SEWAGE REMEDIATION

ISBN electronic publication 978-87-92727-16-9 Cover: BGRAPHIC Layout/illustrations: Solid Media Solutions Print: Litotryk København A/S Number printed: 500 copies This publication can be downloaded and ordered on www.ens.dk and via www.kemin.dk

THE DANISH GOVERNMENT February 2011

3

Adopted by the Regional Council Date: 20 June 2012

RENEWABLE ENERGY GENERATION

DANISH DEVELOPMENT DOCUMENTS

Development planning documents at Denmark’s national and regional level mandate shifts to renewable energy sources away from fossil fuels. They also outline the necessity of waste management.

CARBON FILTRATION

WASTE

DRINKING WATER

BIO FILTRATION

FERTILIZER

PRODUCTION

BIO-DIGESTER

ORGANIC WASTE & WASTE WATER

PRODUCTS

BEER

BALLOON FOREST

BREWERY

HEAT EXCHANGE

ENERGY

CHP UNIT

BAKERY

PIEZOELECTRIC TRELLIS GARDEN WIND ENERGY

BREAD

ELECTRICITY

WISTERIA GARDEN

HEATED BREAKWATER BATTERY STORAGE

HEAT PUMP

TIDAL STREAM ENERGY

WAVE ENERGY

HEAT PUMP

SUSTAINABLE PILGRIMAGE The diagram shows how energy, waste, and water make a pilgrimage around the site leading to self sustainability.

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47

3.2 ENVIRONMENTAL PROJECT OVERVIEW ENVIRONMENTAL OVERVIEW An overall view of the systems and flows of waste, and energy on the site. How do environmental stratagies work together to create a holistic approach.

NATURAL VENTILATION AND STACK EFFECT

BIO MASS PRODUCTION

PASSIVE SOLAR GAIN

LIVING MACHINE

RAIN WATER COLLECTION

HEAT AND ELECTRICITY PRODUCTION

GREY WATER REMEDIATION

RADIENT FLOOR SYSTEM

WATER FILTRATION AND COLLECTION

THE GRAND TOUR OF EUtopia

48

3.3 ENVIRONMENTAL DESIGN OVERVIEW N

SOLAR GAIN

10° 20°

BAKERY

30°

Each of the spaces in the building has southern exposure for solar gain. The wisteria trellis shades these facades during the summer months while letting light penetrate the spaces in winter. The storage cathedral has large glazed facades that allow for solar gain but are equipped with louvers to mitigate the intense summer sun.

40° 50° 60° 70° 80° 90°

W

RAINWATER COLLECTOR ROOFS

E

WISTERIA TRELLIS

STORAGE CATHEDRAL OAST HOUSE BREWERY

SOUTH FACING FACADES

LIVING MACHINE

S

SHEETPILE BREAKWATER

SUN PATH DIAGRAM

BREAKWATER MODULES

N

WIND SHELTER

NW

NE

W

E

The wall of the breakwater acts as wind break against the very strong wind arriving primarily from the West. The buildings are also arranged with the shortest length but tallest height facades facing the wind. This means the rest of the building is largely sheltered from the wind. The entrance is located on the East side of the building sheltered from the wind.

WIND BREAKING FACADE SW

SE

BREAKWATER WALL

S

WIND ROSE

WAVE PROTECTION The breakwater’s primary function is to mitigate the large waves from the North West. The energy of these waves is harnessed by the breakwater wave energy collectors. The building itself is sheltered from the waves by the breakwater protecting it from large swells.

N

m 0.

0

m

BREAKWATER BOARDWALK ENERGY COLLECTORS

Be lo w

.0

m

-1

.5 -1

0.

1.

0

5

m .5

m

-2 2.

0

m

-3 .0 2.

5

-3 .5

m 3.

0

-4 .0 3.

5

4.

0

-4

.5

m

CALM 13.81 %

WAVE HEIGHT AND DIRECTION

RAIN WATER COLLECTION The large roofscapes act as rain water collection basins to make use of the high levels of precipitation found on the West Coast of Denmark. The rain water is collected on the roofs and directed down pipes where it is filtered through a gravity assisted carbon filtration system and stored in large tanks in the breakwater wall.

TOTAL PRECIPITATION 872MM

120

100

80

60

ROOF TOP RAIN COLLECTORS 40

20

0 JAN

FEB

MAR

APR

MAY

JUN

JUL

AUG

SEP

OCT

NOV

DEC

MONTHLY PRECIPITATION THYBORØN

CONCLUSION The environmental context of the surrounding site is a primary driver of the masterplan’s formal development. Most influential are the high waves, strong winds, ample rain fall, and scarce winter sun.

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49

INVESTIGATION

3.4 ENERGY STRATEGY

How can the project site be energy self sufficient in order to align with Danish Energy policies for the future and contribute to the local community?

CONSUMPTION OF FOSSIL FUEL 1990-2050 600

SITE ENERGY SOURCES The four sources of energy produced on site align with Denmark’s strategy 2050.

500

900

SITE LOCATION Located on the wild west coast of Denmark.

800 700 600 500 400

400

300

WAVE ENERGY

200 100 0

300

200

2000

1990

TIDAL ENERGY

2010

2020

Historical Without new initiatives

2030

2040

2050

With new initiatives

WIND ENERGY RENEWABLE ENERGY 2000-2020

100

250

PJ

BIOGAS 0

200

2009 Oil Gas Coal Other RE Wind Biogas

2020 Biofuel

Biomass

150

100

DENMARK ENERGY STRATEGY 2050 The Danish Energy Agency has outlined a strategy that indicates a desire to move away from nonrenewable energy.

SOLAR POWER Solar power is not used as the winter months see the structure used most and coincide with the lowest sun levels

NATURAL COASTAL ENERGY SOURCES The coastal site has plentyful and energetic weather systems making it a site where weather based renewable energy sources are previlant and viable.

50

0 2000

Other

ENERGY PRECEDENTS

COMBINING SOURCES

2005

Wind

2010

Biogas

Biofuel

2015

2020

Biomass

ENERGY DISTRIBUTION

WAVE ENERGY Wave energy is collected along the moving breakwater boardwalk.

WAVE STAR ENERGY PLANT, DENMARK

WIND ENERGY Bladeless wind energy systems are built-in to the trellis ends on site. The integrated design does not use traditional blade based turbines because of their visual impact and potential noise production.

VORTEX BLADELESS ENERGY GENERATOR

EXCESS ENERGY TRANSPORTED TO THYBORØN

TIDAL ENERGY Tidal energy is used to take advantage of the tidal increases caused by the narrowing of the Thyborøn Limfjord channel.

ENERGY STORAGE & DISTRIBUTION Energy generation and consumption is distributed across the project site.

Smaller substations collect and channel energy for local use, sending excess to the central system. Extra energy is fed back to the local Thyborøn power grid.

OPEN CENTER TURBINE, UNITED KINGDOM

CONCLUSION Wave Star Energy Systems. http://wavestarenergy.com/ Vortex Bladeless Energy. http://www.vortexbladeless.com/ European Commission. SETIS. https://setis.ec.europa.eu/setis-reports/setis-magazine/ocean-energy/open-centre-turbines-%E2%80%93invisibly-harnessing-power-of. Accessed 5 May 2017 THE GRAND TOUR OF EUtopia

Drawing energy from local renewable environmental sources utilizes the West Coast of Denmark’s natural environmental conditions and reduces Thyborøn’s nonrenewable energy requirements.

50

INVESTIGATION

3.5 ENERGY GENERATION

How can the harnessing of environmental energy processes including wave, wind, and tidal energy be integrated with the project design?

BREAKWATER BOARDWALK WAVE GENERATOR WAVE HEIGHT AT THE HARBOUR

POWER GENERATION

HYDRAULIC MOTOR AND GENERATOR When compressed fluid is released the energy turns a motor and electric generator.

WAVE HEIGHT AT THE HARBOUR

2.0

ACCUMULATOR Accumulator stores compressed fluid

1.8 1.6

N

1.4 1.2 1.0

HYDRAULIC FLUID

FLOATER Floater moves with motion of the waves

CALM 13.81 %

0.8 0.6 0.4

200

220

240

260

280

300

320

340

m

m

0 0.

m

lo Be

-1 5 0.

w

.0

m

.5 -1 0 1.

m

.5 -2 0 2.

m

.0 -3 5 2.

m

.5 -3 0 3.

.0 -4 5

4.

0

0.0

3.

-4 .5

m

0.2

200

SECTION OF MOVING BREAKWATER WAVE GENERATOR HYDRAULIC FLUID

HYDRAULIC FLUID TANK Hydraulic fluid returns to a tank where it is stored until the next wave

WAVE ENERGY GENERATOR The moving breakwater modules move up and down with the incoming waves. Thyborøn is an area with waves of high frequency and height making it an ideal place to collect wave energy year round.

WATE

R FLO

W IN

TAPERED WALL INCREASES WATER FLOW

OPEN CENTER TIDAL STREAM GENERATOR

R TE

OW

IN

FL

WA

LIGHTING

BATTERIES

W

AT

ER

FL

OW

OU

T

THYBORØN POWER

TIDAL CHANNELS ON SITE There are three tidal channels with generators on site.

TIDAL CHANNEL Tidal flow is concentrated into narrow troughs to increase flow

PIEZOELECTRIC TRELLIS WIND GENERATOR

OPEN CENTER TIDAL GENERATOR Open center tidal generators have an open center to allow marine life through. They are also very quiet.

FLEXIBLE SHAFT

WHAT IS PIEZOELECTRIC POWER GENERATION? Piezoelectric means literally ‘pressing electricity’. The technology is not new and essentially intales the compression and expansion of crystals to generate current. Arrays of these crystal panels can be used to create energy. Large scale energy harvesting is not yet commercially available but by project completion it is expected to be ready.

EXPANSION COMPRESSION

+

POWER USES Power generated is sent to uses on site and extra power is directed to Thyborøn.

ELECTRICITY

ELECTRICITY

-

WATER PUMP

POWER CREATION N

NW

NE

HEAT SOURCE

PIEZOELECTRIC MATERIAL

W

E

LIGHT WEIGHT CARBON FIBRE AND FIBRE GLASS TRELLIS END VIBRATION

SW

SE

S

European Commission. SETIS. https://setis.ec.europa.eu/setis-reports/setis-magazine/ocean-energy/opencentre-turbines-%E2%80%93-invisibly-harnessing-power-of. Accessed 5 May 2017 American Piezo Energy. https://www.americanpiezo.com. Accessed 20 April 2017

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HEAT EXCHANGE

TRELLIS RADIANT HEAT SYSTEM The energy generated by the trellis piezoelectric generators run the pumps for the trellis radiant heat system which is connected to a heat exchange linked to heat producing elements such as the bio digesters, bakery, and brewery.

TRELLIS IRRIGATION & LIGHTING The energy generated by the trellis piezoelectric generators run the pumps for the intigrated irrigation and lighting system.

CONCLUSION The three energy sources drive the building and masterplan form. Wave energy is harnessed by the scallop shaped moving breakwater generator, tidal energy is focused through narrow channels, and wind energy vibrates the trellis.

51

3.6 WASTE MANAGEMENT

INVESTIGATION Can the project mitigate its waste production and harness its energy?

ANAEROBIC DIGESTER

HEAT

WASTE STRATEGY

Waste on site is treated in several areas making use of the volume of the breakwater and increasing waste capacity for peak pilgrimage times and allowing waste from Thyborøn to be accepted as well.

BIOGAS LIVING MACHINE

IS ODOUR AN ISSUE?

BIOGAS

LIVING MACHINE

Decomposing biomass will of course have a smell however a properly maintained anaerobic digester will not smell. The ample wind on site will disperse an odour produced.

By the time the fluids reach the wet land they will no longer smell

COMPLEX SUSTRATES

LIVING MACHINE PRIMARY LIVING MACHINE MEMORY BALLOON LIFTING AGENT

ACTIVE SOLIDS

LIVING MACHINE

WASTE FROM THYBORØN IS TREATED

BIOMETHANE

ELECTRICITY CHP UNIT

RØN TINY THYBO IT H S O N TAKES FROM EU! FUEL AIR

WASTE GAS

WASTE GAS FUEL EXCHANGER WARM WATER

COLD WATER

DIGESTATE STORAGE LAGOON

ELECTRICITY

ENGINE

GENERATOR

BIOFERTILIZER

LIVING MACHINE ANAEROBIC REACTOR

ANOXIC REACTOR

CLOSED AEROBIC REACTOR

OPEN AEROBIC REACTOR 1

OPEN AEROBIC REACTORS II-IV

CLARIFIER

CONSTRUCTED WETLAND

The pretreatment of high strength wastewater or for biological phosphorus removal in tertiary treatment.

For pretreatment and nitrogen removal via denitrification in tertiary treatment.

The first phase of aerobic treatment for high strength waste with a built-in biofilter for odor removal.

Aerated open tanks contain plants that are adapted to a high strength wastewater environment. During the process, the organic contaminants are converted into bacterial biomass

As the wastewater flows through each stage, its strength is reduced and organisms take part in the treatment process. In addition to plants, animals including fish can be found in the tanks.

Bacterial biomass is separated from water and recycled to the front to continue to digest the soluble organic content of the wastewater. A small fraction is removed as excess sludge.

These ecosystems can be located indoors and outside. They are used to provide a high level of polishing removal of colloids and further denitrification.

TOILET WATER

IRRIGATION

GRAVITY ASSISTED LIVING MACHINE The open air stages of the living machine are contained in a series of terraced ponds. This way gravity does the work and the system uses less energy GREY WATER GREY WATER

HEAT EXCHANGE SYSTEM

HEAT

LOCATION OF PRIMARY LIVING MACHINE

WAS TE

WAT ER

HUMAN WASTE

BAKERY / FOOD WASTE

BREWERY WASTE

RADIANT SYSTEM

CONCLUSION The living machine including the anaerobic bio-digesters will manage the site’s waste without burdening Thyborøn’s sewage system or polluting the local water. It also connects to a heat exchange warming the buildings!

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52

INVESTIGATION

3.7 WATER: RAIN COLLECTION AND FILTRATION

The project will see large influxes of people. Can rain water serve the drinking water needs of the site and avoid overloading the poor quality local aquifers?

ROOFTOP RAIN WATER COLLECTORS

DAYS OF RAIN THYBORØN

COLLECTED RAINWATER WILL BE OF A BETTER QUALITY THAN SURROUNDING GROUND WATER DUE TO FEWER CONTAMINANTS

30 28 26 24 22 20 18 16 14 12 12 10 8 6 4 2 0

16 13 10

9

14

11 9 7

7

7

7

RAINWATER COLLECTORS AT ROOFTOPS

JAN

FEB

MAR

APR

MAY

JUN

JUL

AUG

SEP

OCT

NOV

DEC

MONTHLY PRECIPITATION THYBORØN TOTAL PRECIPITATION 872

MM

120

100

80

60

40

CARBON FILTERS INSIDE BREAKWATER

20

0 JAN

FEB

MAR

APR

MAY

JUN

JUL

AUG

SEP

OCT

NOV

DEC

STORAGE TANKS INSIDE BREAKWATER

PARTICULARLY VALUABLE VALUABLE LESS VALUABLE

KEEPING WATER CLEAN The filters and tanks are seperated in order to mitigate potential contamination.

GROUND WATER VALUE The ground water around Thyborøn is considered less valuable than other parts of Denmark. This is because of its low quality due to its low elevation, high salt content, and agricultural polutant levels. The rain water collected will be of a higher quality than the typical ground water available.

N

CALCULATING RAIN WATER COLLECTION

ROOFTOP RAINWATER BASIN

ANNUAL PRECIPITATION (mm) x effective collection area (m²) x drainage coefficient (%)x filter efficiency (%) x 0.05

Hey! This beer’s got that ANNUAL PRECIPITAION (mm) = 872 unique Grand Tour flavour. Must be the EFFECTIVE COLLECTION AREA (m²) = 3,423 water!

DRAINAGE COEFFICIENT (%) = 0.8

GRAVITY FED SYSTEM

FILTER EFFICIENCY (%) = 0.9

FILTER LAYERS

872 x 3423 x 0.8 x 0.9 x 0.05 = 104,743.8 LITERS

GRAVEL PALM FIBER SAND CHLORINE GRAVEL GRAPHENE OXIDE ALUM PALM FIBER PEBBLE

104,743.8 LITERS 104.74 M³ PER YEAR

GRAVITY AIDED GRAPHENE OXIDE MEMBRANE The University of Manchester has developed a graphene membrane capable of seperating organic solvents from water including salt and other particles. This technology is currently being tested for mass production, by completion the filter will be available.

The graphene layer can be used in layered filtration assembly.

FILTERED WATER STORAGE

FRESH WATER OUTPUT

BREWERY

SHOWERS

BAKERY

DRINKING WATER

CONCLUSION Climate Data.org. Climate Thyborøn. Https://en.climate-data.org/location/861222/. Accessed 21 Mar 2017 Harvesting rainwater for domestic uses: an information guide. Environment Agency. https://www.gov.uk/government/organisations/environment-agency The University of Manchester. Graphene: Manchester’s Revolutionary 2D Material. http://www.graphene.manchester.ac.uk/ Accessed 10 May 2017 BBC News. Graphene-Based Sieve Turns Seawater Into Drinking Water. http://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-39482342 THE GRAND TOUR OF EUtopia

Large roof planes are designed to collect rain water. The large volume of the breakwater wall is used to contain storage tanks.

53

INVESTIGATION

3.8 SOLAR AND VENTILATION STRATEGY

How can passive environmental strategies be harnessed to daylight and ventilate the building?

ROOF LIGHTS AND SOUTHERN EXPOSURE

STORAGE CATHEDRAL VENTILATION N

STORAGE CATHEDRAL

OAST HOUSE LIGHTING ANALYSIS

STORAGE CATHEDRAL LOUVRES ON SOUTH FACADE

2

1

LOUVERS

2

WISTERIA TRELLIS

1

SUMMER SOLSTICE 21 JUNE 53.08˚

HORIZONTAL LOUVRES AT SOUTH FACADE

LOUVER SUPPORT

EQUINOX 20 MARCH 30.25˚

REFLECTIVE LOUVER INDIRECT LIGHT

WINTER SOLSTICE 21 DECEMBER 7.91˚

INTAKE VENTS ON BREAKWATER WALL

GLASS WINDOW

EXHAUST VENTS AT CEILING OF STORAGE CATHEDRAL

UTILIZING PASSIVE VENTILATION PRINCIPLES

CROSS VENTILATION, STACK EFFECT, AND GROUND COUPLED HEAT EXCHANGE The building regulates its interior temperature through cross ventilation and the stack effect. Cold air is directed into the building low on the breakwater where its temperature is regulated by the ocean water. From there it is drawn through the mass of the subterranean breakwater operating as a ground coupled heat exchange venting into the buildings and exhausted through the storage cathedral.

The temperature difference and pressure difference draw the air continuously through the building.

WINTER WISTERIA

SUMMER WISTERIA

The cut back and bare wisteria allows light through the trellis

Flowering wisteria provides shade to the areas below.

DAYLIGHT ANALYSIS: OAST HOUSE DIVA TEST 1

ADJUSTING THE DESIGN

DAYLIGHT AUTONOMY (300 lux) Mean daylight Autonomy = 53.46

CHANNEL GLAZING INSULATION 80mm Okapane translucent acrylic insulation between surface 2 and 3

Daylit area = 62 % of floor area.

Daylight Factor Analysis 15% of all sensors have a daylight factor of 2% or higher Continuous Daylight Autonomy The mean continuous daylight autonomy is 69%

The work carried out in the Oast House is not precision work so 300 lux should be sufficient, however, should more light be required interior lighting can be activated.

Useful Daylight Illuminance The % of space with UDI 100-2000lux larger than 50% is 100%

Solemma LLC. DIVA-for-Rhino. http://www.solemma.net/ THE GRAND TOUR OF EUtopia

Daylit area = 100 % of floor area.

Daylight Factor Analysis 96% of all sensors have a daylight factor of 2% or higher Continuous Daylight Autonomy The mean continuous daylight autonomy is 84% Useful Daylight Illuminance The % of space with UDI 100-2000lux larger than 50% is 82%

100%

50%

N

0%

N INTERIOR GLAZING Diffusing, acid-etched two-ply laminated with PVB UV interlayer

DAYLIGHT AUTONOMY (300 lux) Mean daylight Autonomy = 76

Areas coloured below 50% daylit are not sufficiently illuminated.

100%

EXTERIOR GLAZING Colour free, low iron double plank channel glass. Pebbled texture and light sandblasting on surface 1 and 2.

INTERIOR GLAZING In order to achieve a higher level of daylight in the Oast house the interior glazing was changed. Originally it was a translucent glazing with only 20% transmittance of light, this was changed to a 50% transmittance glazing to allow light to penetrate into the middle of the room.

TEST 2

50%

WALL ASSEMBLY

0%

OAST HOUSE CAVITY WALL

CONCLUSION The form of the building can be used to passively light and ventilate effectively. By using passive strategies the building will consume less energy while maintaining air quality and comfort.

54

3.9 INSULATION: CALCULATING THERMAL PERFORMANCE

INVESTIGATION Can innovative insulation types achieve necessary thermal resistance in the water collector roof assembly?

WATER COLLECTOR ROOF SECTION

DETAIL OF ROOF ASSEMBLY 1:10 DOES WATER HAVE AN R VALUE? Water essentially has an R value of 0. With one side against the warm building and one side against the cool air a convection loop is established transferring heat efficiently. Water does have excellent thermal mass but must be insulated from the outdoors.

1

2 3

4

ROOF SECTION LOCATION 5

6 7 8 9

ROOF ASSEMBLY 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

WHAT TYPE OF INSULATION TO USE? Different types of insulation have different advantages and disadvantages. What kind of insulation balances cost, effectiveness, and project narrative?

TYPE

ADVANTAGES

DISADVANTAGES

BATTS AND BLANKETS EX: FIBERGLASS

NON-FLAMMABLE RESISTANT TO MOISTURE

ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES, IRRITANT

LOOSE FILL EX: CELLULOSE

ENVIRONMENTALLY FRIENDLY PAPER/CARDBOARD

RISK OF MOISTURE AND PEST INFESTATION

DENIM

RECYCLED MATERIAL, MAKES USE OF PILGRIM’S OLD CLOTHES

POTENTIALLY MORE EXPENSIVE AND DIFFICULT TO INSTALL

INSULATED PANELS

HANDLES HIGH TEMPERATURES

MORE DIFFICULT INSTALLATION

SPRAY FOAM

EXCELLENT AIR BARRIER, FITS ODD SHAPES

EXPENSIVE, NOT VERY THICK

0-300mm VARIABLE WATER LEVEL 10mm MARBLE TILE 2 LAYERS WATERPROOF MEMBRANE 200mm COMPOSITE CONCRETE DECK 360mm INSULATION FILLED CAVITY 40mm RIGID INSULATION 40mm STEEL STUD FRAMING 10mm RIGID BACKBOARD 10mm MARBLE TILE

CALCULATING ASSEMBLY INSULATION VALUES

WHY DENIM?

MATERIAL

THICKNESS

R VALUE

R VALUES ROOF

MARBLE TILE

10mm

0.00483

RSI inside surface = 0.10

WATERPROOF MEMBRANE

2mm

0.05

CONCRETE DECKING

200mm

0.1

DENIM INSULATION

360mm

7

RIGID INSULATION

40mm

1.4

PLYWOOD

10mm

0.09

MARBLE TILE

10mm

0.00483

U=

Denim insulation allows pilgrims to contribute to the materials used on site. Denim insulation is an existing product available from several manufacturers with excellent thermal properties.

1 RSI + RSO + RA + R1 + R2 + R3 ...

U = 0.11377

1

OLD DENIM IS COLLECTED AND SORTED

DENIM PULP IS PRESSED INTO SHEETS AND ROLLED FOR TRANSPORT

DENIM IS SHREDDED UNTIL CONSISTENT PULP AND METAL BUTTONS REMOVED

DENIM SHEETS ARE CUT ON SITE AND INSTALLED LIKE REGULAR BATT STYLE INSULATION

Baden-Powell, Charlotte. Architect’s Pocket Handbook. Elsevier, Oxford, 2002 Inno Therm Cotton And Denim Thermal Insulation. http://www.inno-therm.com/. Accessed 10 May 2017

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2

RS0 outside surface = 0.04

PASSIVHAUS The standard U value for passivhaus certification is 0.15.

The extremely thick denim insulation layer in the beam cavity helps this assembly reach U=0.11.

There is risk of thermal bridging at the beams.

DEFINITIONS

EQUATIONS

THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY (k-value) The heat (W) transmitted through unit area (m²) of material of unit thickness (m) for unit temperature difference (K) between inside and outside environments, expressed as W/mK

U=

THERMAL RESISTANCE (r-value) A measure of how well a material resists the flow of heat by conduction.

The reciprocal of thermal conductivity, mK/W

R=

3

THERMAL RESISTANCE (R-value) This means how well a particular thickness of material resists the passage of heat by conduction, calculated from the r-value in units of m²K/W.

4

THERMAL TRANSMITTANCE (U-value) The reciprocal of thermal resistance W/m²K. This measures the amount of heat transmitted per unit area of the fabric per unit temperature difference between inside and outside

1 RSI + RSO + RA + R1 + R2 ...

K-value Material thickness

CONCLUSION The use of denim insulation is both effective and allows the pilgrims to take part in the supply of construction materials.

55

3.10 OCCUPANT COMFORT

FUNCTION

RECEPTION

LOCATION

RATIONALE

Issue:reception The reception The area willarea see will seedifferences large changes in large in the occupants.

Those arriving number of occupants.

With will beat times dressedof arrival. much influxes warmerjust thanarriving those working Those will be in the space. dressed warmly. It will be Response: to Area behinda difficult maintain reception temperature desk fitted comfortable for with the radiant both guestsfloor andsystem. those Installation vestibule. working in ofthe reception area.

TEMPERATURE

LIGHT LEVEL

NATURALY VENTILATED FULLY ENCLOSED ACCOUSTIC CONTROL 16-20 ˚C

200 lux

Issue: Workrooms and must have sufficient daylight and Workrooms, occupiable acoustic control rooms in institutions, Response: rooms, Operabledining sun teaching screensmust control sun. areas have the sufficient daylight for the roomspanels to be Suspended ceiling well lit. acoustic effects. mitigate

MEETING ROOMS

KITCHEN

NATURALY VENTILATED FULLY ENCLOSED ACCOUSTIC CONTROL 18 ˚C

Issue: High levels of ventilation necessary High levels of are ventilation are in this space to keep necessary in this space.it comfortable with hot Keeping the temperature kitchen equipment comfortable is challenging Response: with hot kitchen Mechanical equipment ventilation is added to the working. space to increase air floor and temperature control

300 lux

ARTIFICIALLY VENTILATED FULLY ENCLOSED ACCOUSTIC CONTROL 18 ˚C

500 lux

Issue: The storage cathedral’s The storage cathedral a temperature only has tois be large space.

Interior lightly controlled however temperature herebe islowless humidity should for regulated however the storage of hops.humidity must be mitigated to insureis Response: The space that dried with hops a are not ventilated passive subject moisture. system,torelying on the low

STORAGE CATHEDRAL

local humidity for storage climate.

BAKERY

Issue: Similar to the kitchen Similar to isthe kitchento the the bakery adjacent hot bakery is adjacent to hot ovens. Working temperature equipment.

Making bread must be controlled. by hand can Mechanical be labour Response: intensive hot work. ventilation assists passive systems. For moderate conditions operable windows mitigate temperature.

BREWERY

BANQUET BRIDGE

The brewery a factory type Issue: The is brewery is a environment workers factory type with environment not preforming highly with workers performing low physical physicaltasks. exertion tasks.

Response: The space is warmed by internal brewing equipment and ventilated passively through stack effect.

Issue: The banquet room The banqueton room located is located theis moving on the moving bridge. bridge.

Environmental Environmental controls only controls are only needed need available when whentothebebridge is down. the bridge isWhen down. lowered When Response: down bridgelinks links into the the bridge into passive systems in thesystems rest of adjacent passive the building. which can be supplemented by operable windows.

REQUIREMENTS

NATURALY VENTILATED FULLY ENCLOSED

16 ˚C

300 lux

ACCOUSTIC CONTROL

ARTIFICIALLY VENTILATED FULLY ENCLOSED 16 ˚C

500 lux

ACCOUSTIC CONTROL

NATURALLY VENTILATED FULLY ENCLOSED

16 ˚C

300 lux

ACCOUSTIC CONTROL

NATURALLY VENTILATED FULLY ENCLOSED

20 ˚C

200 lux

ACCOUSTIC CONTROL

Baden-Powell, Charlotte. Architect’s Pocket Handbook. Elsevier, Oxford, 2002 Autodesk. Measuring Light Levels. Sustainabilityworkshop.autodesk.com/buildings/measuring-light-levels Accessed 8 May 2017 THE GRAND TOUR OF EUtopia

56

3.11 ATMOSPHERIC LIGHTING DESIGN LIGHTING DESIGN PRECEDENTS

OAST HOUSE TRANSLUCENT CAVITY WALL

ATMOSPHERE VIEW

OAST HOUSE LIGHTING EFFECT The oast house has a cavity wall lined with translucent glass. Inside the channel lighting is reflected against the interior wall and further diffused through the sandblasted channel glass facade.

REFLECTING FIXTURE

CHANNEL GLAZING INSULATION 80mm Okapane translucent acrylic insulation between surface 2 and 3

RUDJERG KNUDE LIGHT HOUSE, JUTLAND

EXTERIOR GLAZING Colour free, low iron double plank channel glass. Pebbled texture and light sandblasting on surface 1 and 2.

INTERIOR GLAZING Diffusing, acid-etched two-ply laminated with PVB UV interlayer CHANNEL LIGHTING 3500K Florescent lighting tubes with reflective housing

ATMOSPHERE: CREATING A BEACON FOR ARRIVING PILGRIMS The Oast House is lit up in order to become a signal of arrival for pilgrims coming to the site by sea.

NELSON-ATKINS MUSEUM OF ART, STEVEN HOLL

STORAGE CATHEDRAL PENDANTS JUNCTION BOX

TRANSFORMER

PILGRIM PROVIDED LIGHTING The different vessels brought by pilgrims are reused and turned into lighting. The storage cathedral requires minimal activity lighting and the jar and bottle lights provide atmosphere at night.

BRAIDED COAXIAL CABLE OMER ARBEL LIGHTS LONDON DESIGN FESTIVAL, VICTORIA AND ALBERT MUSEUM

FIXTURE LID LED LIGHT

PILGRIM JAR

ATMOSPHERE: CREATING A REFLECTIVE SPACE The Storage Cathedral is lit by bottle lamps to remind pilgrims of what was brought to the site by others.

CHANDELIER 2009, KATHERINE HARVEY

WISTERIA TRELLIS ATMOSPHERIC LIGHTING

SPOT UPLIGHTING ASHIKAGA PARK WISTERIA LIGHTING, JAPAN

ASHIKAGA PARK WISTERIA LIGHTING, JAPAN

ATMOSPHERE: MAKING AN ACCEPTING SPACE The intimate and accommodating lighting of the wisteria reminds the pilgrims of the flower’s symbolism of acceptance.

CONCLUSION The appearance of the project is highlighted from different perspectives. To an arriving pilgrim the Oast house is a beacon. The cathedral lighting is meditative, and the trellis lighting highlights the accommodating nature of the wisteria.

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57

3.12 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT: WISTERIA MAINTENANCE ATMOSPHERIC PRECEDENTS

SUMMER WISTERIA SECTION

FALL PROTECTION

TRACK SYSTEM LATERAL WINCH SYSTEM

WINTER MOBILE COVER

TOSHI YOSHIDA, WISTERIA AT USHIJIMA

INTEGRATED SCISSOR LIFT

WINCH SYSTEM MOTOR WINTER SUSPENDED STAGE SCAFFOLD

20m

DIRECTION OF MOVEMENT

10m

WISTERIA SIZE The largest Wisteria in the world is in Sierra Madre, California and covers over 0.40 hectares.

SUMMER

HOW DO YOU MAINTAIN A WISTERIA?

THE GARDENER SUMMER YEAR 1

BIOMASS COMPOSTING AND FERTILIZING WISTERIA

CLIPPINGS

PRUNE SIDE SHOOTS 3-5 BUDS

I live in Thyborøn, gardening was a hobby of mine until the Grand Tour of EUtopia arrived, now I get paid to do what I love!

TIE STRONGEST BRANCHES TO TRELLIS

TIE MAIN STEM FOR SUPPORT

WINTER YEAR 1 TRIM MAIN STEM TO 75mm ABOVE SIDE BRANCHES

TIE SELECTED BRANCHES TO TRELLIS. CUT BACK BY 1/3

SUMMER YEAR 3 CONTINUE TO TIE IN STRONGEST BRANCHES

FERTILIZER

BIODIGESTER

WISTERIA MAINTENANCE Wisteria needs to be pruned twice a year once in late winter to prepare the flowering spurs for the forthcoming season, and again in mid-summer. Summer pruning controls long, whippy shoots that are heading off into the distance, and encourages them to become flowering spurs instead.

AFTER FLOWERING CUT SIDESHOOTS BACK 3-5 BUDS FROM MAIN BRANCHES

WINTER YEAR 3 CUT BACK THE SIDESHOOTS PRUNED IN SUMMER TO 2-3 BUDS. THESE WILL BE THE FLOWERING SHOOTS NEXT SEASON

CUT BACK MAIN BRANCHES TO FIT TRELLIS

HAND SHEARS

HEDGE SHEARS

LOPPER

LONG REACH LOPPER AND SAW

CONCLUSION Royal Horticultural Society. www.rhs.org.uk Accessed 8 May 2017 How to grow wisteria. http://www.thompson-morgan.com/ Accessed 8 May 2017 THE GRAND TOUR OF EUtopia

The Wisteria Acceptance Trellis is more than just an aesthetic addition to the project. It is important for its solar shading, employment opportunities, and integration into the bio-digester fertilizer cycle.

58

BUILDING PROCUREMENT

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04

59

4.1 CLIENTS AND CONTRACTS CLIENT: EUROPEAN UNION AND THE EUROPE 2020 STRATEGY

CONTRACT ANALYSIS APPLICABLE DANISH AUTHORITIES

Description of Services

Building and Planning

KEY POLICIES

Danish Association of Consulting Engineers

DESCRIPTION OF SERVICES

To raise the employment rate of the population aged 20–64 from the current 69% to at least 75%.

To achieve the target of investing 3% of GDP in R&D in particular by improving the conditions for R&D investment by the private sector, and develop a new indicator to track innovation.

To reduce greenhouse gas emissions by at least 20% compared to 1990 levels or by 30% if the conditions are right, increase the share of renewable energy in final energy consumption to 20%, and achieve a 20% increase in energy efficiency.

To reduce the share of early school leavers to 10% from the current 15% and increase the share of the population aged 30–34 having completed tertiary from 31% to at least 40%.

To reduce the number of Europeans living below national poverty lines by 25%, lifting 20 million people out of poverty.

STANDARD CONTRACT AB92

UNDERSTANDING CONSULTANCY ROLES INITIAL CONSULTANCY 1.1 Appraisal 1.2 Design Specification

DESIGN MANAGEMENT CONSULTANCY 2.1 Design Management 2.2 Ict Management

FLAGSHIP INITIATIVES DESIGN PHASE CONSULTANCY 3.1 Outline Proposal 3.2 Project Proposal 3.3 Preliminary Project Regulatory

Innovation Union: to improve framework conditions and access to finance for research and innovation.

Youth on the move: to enhance the performance of education systems.

A digital agenda for Europe: to speed up the roll-out of high-speed internet and reap the benefits of a Digital Single Market.

Resource efficient Europe: to help decouple economic growth from the use of resources, by decarbonising the economy, increasing the use of renewable sources, modernising the transport sector and promoting energy efficiency.

An industrial policy for the globalisation era: to improve the business environment, especially for SMEs, and to support the development of a strong and sustainable industrial base able to compete globally.

An agenda for new skills and jobs: to modernise labour markets by facilitating labour mobility and the development of skills.

European platform against poverty: to ensure social and territorial cohesion such that the benefits of growth and jobs are widely shared.

CONSTRUCTION PHASE CONSULTANCY 4.1 Construction Management 4.2 Site Supervision

OPERATIONAL PHASE CONSULTANCY 5.1 Preparation Of An Operation And Maintenance Plan 5.2 Implementation Of The Plan

IDENTIFYING POSSIBLE FUNDING INITIATIVES THE GRAND TOUR OF EUtopia KEY FUNDING CRITERIA 1 REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT

4

SOCIAL INCLUSION

2 TERRITORIAL CO-OPERATION

5

PARTNERSHIP IN EMPLOYMENT

3 ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION

6

DIVERSIFYING COASTAL ECONOMIES

THE EUROPEAN REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT FUND (ERDF)

THE COHESION FUND

PLANNING CONSULTANCY 7.1 Planning Tasks 7.2 Brief And Work Programme 7.3 Preparatory Work

THE EUROPEAN SOCIAL FUND (ESF)

7.4 Problem Description 7.5 Forecasts 7.6 Objectives 7.7 Alternative Plans

7.8 Impact Assessment 7.9 Public Comment Procedures

CONTRACT CRITERIA TIME

The ESF focuses on increasing the adaptability of workers and enterprises, enhancing access to employment and participation in the labour market, reinforcing social inclusion by combating discrimination and facilitating access to the labour market for disadvantaged people, and promoting partnership for reform in the fields of employment and inclusion.

European Maritime and Fisheries Fund (EMFF)

€ 63.4 BILLION

€ 6.4 BILLION

The Cohesion Fund contributes to interventions in the field of the environment and trans-European transport networks. It applies to member states with a Gross National Income (GNI) of less than 90% of the EU average.

Helps fishermen in the transition to sustainable fishing, as well as supports coastal communities in diversifying their economies and finances projects that create new jobs and improve quality of life along European coasts makes it easier for applicants to access financing.

The Danish Association of Consulting Engineers (FRI) and the Danish Association of Architectural Firms (DANSKE ARK) .

Description of Services Building and Planning 2012 General Conditions for Consulting Services. ABR 89 RIBA Plan of Work. https://www.ribaplanofwork.com/ THE GRAND TOUR OF EUtopia

5.3 Assistance With Property Operation

FITTINGS, FIXTURES AND EQUIPMENT CONSULTANCY 6.1 Standard Fittings, Fixtures And Equipment 6.2 Design Of Fittings, Fixtures And Equipment

€ 256 BILLION The ERDF supports programs addressing regional development, economic change, enhanced competitiveness and territorial co-operation throughout the EU. Funding priorities include modernizing economic structures, creating sustainable jobs and economic growth, research and innovation, environmental protection and risk prevention.

3.4 Main Project 3.5 Project Follow-up

COST

QUALITY

MANAGEMENT CONTRACT In identifying the relationship between time, cost, and quality the Grand Tour of EUtopia construction in Thyborøn is most concerned over time scale and quality. In order to minimize the environmental impact of construction a short construction period is important. Quality is also key to representing the strength of the Union and ensuring that maintenance costs are low on such a major piece of infrastructure. Contracts can be broken down into smaller segments and distributed for prefabrication contracts in order to speed up construction.

EARLIEST START DATE GUARANTEE OVER DELAYS EARLIEST COMPLETION DATE

LOWEST COST BEST VALUE MOST EFFICIENT

HIGHEST QUALITY LOW MAINTENANCE DETAIL CONTROL

CONCLUSION Selecting the right contract is important to the satisfaction of all parties involved. In this case quality and time are of highest importance to the project.

60

4.2 BUILDING COST ESTIMATION RECEPTION HALL

BREWERY AND BAKERY

629m²

1041m²

TYPE: Factory: Owner Occupation For Light Industrial Use COST PER/m²: €1165

TYPE: Hotel Accommodation Facilities: Restaurant Areas COST PER/m²: €1836

TOTAL: €990,675

TOTAL: €1,212,765

TOTAL: €3,488,400

STORAGE CATHEDRAL

MEETING ROOMS AND ADMINISTRATION

OAST HOUSE

TYPE: Hotel Accommodation Facilities: Front Of House And Reception COST PER/m²: €1575

800m²

RESTAURANT, BANQUET BRIDGE, AND KITCHEN

1900m²

TYPE: Factory: Owner Occupation For Light Industrial Use COST PER/m²: €1575

TYPE: Hotel Accommodation Facilities: Function Rooms/conference Facilities TYPE: Factory: Owner Occupation For Light Industrial Use COST PER/m²: €1575 COST PER/m²: €1575

334m²

825m²

TOTAL: €932,000

TOTAL: €526,050

TOTAL: €1,299,375

TASTING ROOMS

RECIPE BOOK LIBRARY

ENGINEERING WORKS: SHEETPILE, CONCRETE

160m²

212m²

33,975m² SHEETPILE + 11,112m³ CONCRETE CAP

TYPE: Hotel Accommodation Facilities: Bar Areas COST PER/m²: €1661

TYPE: Library COST PER/m²: €3265

TYPE: Sheetpile wall and concrete poured in-situ COST PER/m²: €178 (sheetpile) + €87 (concrete in-situ)

TOTAL: €185,760

TOTAL: €692,180

TOTAL: €7,014,294

REFERENCE

ESTIMATED BUILDING COST COSTING REFERENCE Spon’s Architects and builders Price book was used a source for cost estimation.

990,675 1,212,765 3,488,400 932,000 526,050 1,299,375 185,760 692,180 7,014,294

}

NOTES This cost total is reflective only of the areas directly related to the building itself and not the overall masterplan area.

€16,341,499

This cost estimate is also conservative. It can be assumed that costs of construction would be considerable more expensive due to the location of project in a marine area. Costing does not include potential weather delays, and transportation costs of prefabricated elements. For instance the estimated cost of decommissioning and transporting a north sea oil rig is €60,470,856 according to the Danish Sustainable Offshore Decommissioning Project.

Aecom. Spon’sArchitects’ and Builders’ Price Book. CRC Press. 2015

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61

4.3 PROJECT SCHEDULE: GANTT CHART CONSTRUCTION PROGRAMME

2020

2021

2022

JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEPT OCT NOV DEC

JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEPT OCT NOV DEC

JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEPT OCT NOV DEC

PRE-CONSTRUCTION PHASES PRE-CONSTRUCTION

Set Up Site Office Environmental Protection Set Up Staging Area Construction 2016

OFFSITE CONSTRUCTION

Oil Rig Salvage And Retrofit Prefabrication: Steel Frames Prefabrication: Pilgrim Rest House Frames Prefabrication: Storage tanks, Brewing Equipment Prefabrication: Breakwater Modules Prefabrication: Trellis Frames

ONSITE CONSTRUCTION

CHAPTER 2.0

MAIN BUILDING CONSTRUCTION Primary Structural Element Sheetpile driving Primary Structural Element Sheetpile concrete fill and cap Primary Structural Element Storage Cathedral Frame Installation Secondary Structural Element Banquet Bridge Installation Secondary Structural Element Delivery and Installation of Steel Frames Secondary Structural Element Tasting Room Installation Secondary Structural Element Oast House Construction Roof Construction Living Machine Construction Trellis Frames craned and fixed in place Roof Light Installation Soil Delivery and Wisteria Planting Equipment Installation Interior Furnishings And Millwork Fit-Out Removal of Equipment Equipment Testing and Completion

COMPLETION

CONCLUSION The construction sequence identifies the various time lines of completion for different fabrication and construction elements. The gantt chart illustrates how schedules can be completed in parallel for efficient delivery.

THE GRAND TOUR OF EUtopia

62

4.4 HEALTH AND SAFETY PREPARING HEALTH AND SAFETY RISK ASSESSMENT

HEALTH AND SAFETY REFERENCES

Every company with employees must prepare a health and safety (H&S) risk assessment. This is an EU rule that applies all over Europe. The H&S risk assessment process helps determine whether you have any problems relating to health and safety and helps you draw up a plan for addressing any problems before someone gets injured. The H&S risk assessment can therefore contribute to a good working environment. Important requirements for the H&S risk assessment: The risk assessment must be prepared jointly by the employer and the health and safety organization or the employees.

The risk assessment must be written down either on paper or electronically.

The risk assessment must be available at the workplace such that management, the employees and the Danish Working Environment Authority (WEA) can read it.

The risk assessment must contain a survey of the company’s health and safety initiatives and a description of any problems. You must also include the company’s sick absence statistics.

If there are health and safety-related problems, the risk assessment must also include an action plan for addressing any problems that cannot be solved immediately.

The risk assessment must be revised at least every three years

IDENTIFYING CONSTRUCTION HAZARDS

ACCIDENTS DUE TO FALLING

ACCIDENTS WITH TOOLS

ACCIDENTS DUE LIFTING OR MOVING HEAVY OBJECTS

ACCIDENTS DUE TO MACHINERY

HEALTH AND SAFETY ROLES AND INFORMATION EXCHANGE

DESIGNER ROLES This diagram shows how information relates to each other and the responsibilities of the key stakeholders in the project.

Designers should consider the information they provide about how their designs reduce and control foreseeable risks.

ACTIONS TO MITIGATE HEALTH AND SAFETY RISK PREPARE A HEALTH AND SAFETY PLAN The risk of a project can be mitigated with a well thought out plan and the communication of that plan with the contractor.

START OF PROJECT CLIENT: Client to check what documents are already in their possession that will be relevant to the project. Including an existing health and safety file.

PREFABRICATION A large portion of the project is prefabricated. By working in a closed, consistent, and supervised environment the work can be conducted more safely.

PRE-CONSTRUCTION INFORMATION (PCI) CLIENT AND PRINCIPAL DESIGNER: Assess adequacy of existing information Agree arrangements to fill gaps in existing information Provide sufficient information to designers and contractors

PROCESS OF DESIGN PRINCIPAL DESIGNER: Must take account of PCI to: Eliminate, reduce or control foreseeable risks in their designs Provide Information about measures taken in designs to reduce or control risks not eliminated Principle Designer must take information into account in the PCI and the health and safety file Provide it to the principal contractor towards the construction phase plan.

CONSTRUCTION PHASE PLAN PRINCIPAL DESIGNER: CLIENT: Ensure the plan is drawn up before construction phase begins PRINCIPLE CONTRACTOR Draw up the plan on the basis of pre-constrcution information, information provided with designs PRINCIPLE DESIGNER Help the PC prepare the plan PRINCIPLE CONTRACTOR Ensure the plan is appropriately reviewed updated and revised Address any significant changes to risks involved and controls put in place

ACCIDENTS DUE TO OBJECTS MOVING OR SLIDING

PREFABRICATION: STAGING AREA Prefabricated elements are first brought to the staging area where they are preassembled so they just have to be craned into place. This limits on site work which may be dangerous due to weather, low light, heights, etc.

HEALTH AND SAFETY FILE CLIENT: Ensure the PD prepares the file PRINCIPLE DESIGNER to prepare the file in cooperation with the PC To ensure the file is appropriately updated reviewed and revised PRINCIPLE CONTRACTOR To provide PD with relevant information for inclusion in the file PRINCIPLE DESIGNER To pass the file to the client at the end of the project PRINCIPLE DESIGNER To pass the file to the PC if the PD’s appointment ends before the project finishes

PROPER TRAINING Ensuring workers are properly trained means that they are aware of the risks and the content of the health and safety plan.

PROPER EQUIPMENT Having strict rules about equipment ensures worker safety. Work cannot be conducted without proper hard hats, work boots, ear plugs, eye protection, high visibility vests, gloves, and fall protection.

END OF PROJECT CLIENT: To retain the health and safety file and ensure it is available for any subsequent construction work on the building If the client disposes of the their interest in the building they must provide the file to anyone who takes on the client duties.

Managing health and safety in construction: Construction (Design and Management) Regulations 2015. http://www.hse.gov.uk/pubns/priced/l153.pdf https://osha.europa.eu/en Arbejdstilsynet. Don’t Gamble with your saftey on the construction site. www.arbejdstilsynet.dk

THE GRAND TOUR OF EUtopia

63

APPENDIX

THE GRAND TOUR OF EUtopia

05

64

5.2 MODEL PHOTOS STORAGE CATHEDRAL ITERATIONS

THE GRAND TOUR OF EUtopia

69

5.3 SUPPORTING INFORMATION

1 2 3

9

4 5

7

8

10 6 13 12

11

14

15

16 17

18

CONTEXT: SITE PHOTOGRAPH KEY Locations of photographs taken of Thyborøn Denmark.

THE GRAND TOUR OF EUtopia

70

5.3 SUPPORTING INFORMATION

1

2

3

4

5

6

CONTEXT: SITE PHOTOGRAPHS Photographs of site Thyborøn Denmark.

THE GRAND TOUR OF EUtopia

71

5.3 SUPPORTING INFORMATION

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

CONTEXT: SITE PHOTOGRAPHS Photographs of site Thyborøn Denmark.

THE GRAND TOUR OF EUtopia

72

5.3 SUPPORTING INFORMATION

BUNKERS IN THYBORØN Photographs of Atlantic Wall bunkers in the town of Thyborøn Denmark.

Agger-Thyboron Coastal Batteries. krigsturist.dk http://www.wartourist.eu/. Accessed 1 November 2016 THE GRAND TOUR OF EUtopia

73

5.3 SUPPORTING INFORMATION

SOCIO-ECONOMIC STATUS 2013

LANDSDEL VESTJYLLAND

DENMARK -0,4%

-2,2%

REGION MIDTJYLLAND

LANSDEL ØSTJYLLAND 0,1%

-0,7%

STRUER

RINGKØBING-SKJERN

NORDDJURS

SAMSØ

LEMVIG

SYDDJURS

RANDERS -1,8%

-2,6%

SKIVE

VIBORG -1,6%

-1,7%

HEDENSTED

FAVRSKOV

-1,6%

HOLSTEBRO

-0,8%

HERNING

-0,6%

ODDER 0,1%

0,7%

-0,5%

0,8% AARHUS

RETREAT IN EDUCATION TEMP OUTSIDE LABOR FORCE UNEMPLOYED EMPLOYED

IKAST-BRANDE

4% 5% 4%

1,3%

2% 5% 3%

HORSENS 1,2%

OUTSIDE THE LABOR FORCE

9%

SILKEBORG

4%

12%

SKANDERBORG

3%

3,2%

EMPLOYMENT CREATION

73%

-8,7%

DENMARK

-6,8%

LEMVIG

-6,3%

-5,9%

-4,9%

76%

LABOR FORCE AND EMPLOYMENT FROM 2003-2013

EMPLOYMENT DEVELOPMENT 2013-2023

LEMVIG WORKFORCE

LEMVIG EMPLOYMENT

DENMARK’S WORKFORCE

DENMARK’S EMPLOYMENT

OVERALL 85%

120

UNSKILLED WORKERS, STUDENTS ETC.

SHORT HIGHER EDUCATION

74

124

MEDIUM FURTHER EDUCATION

SHARE OF 20-64 YEAR OLDS

UFAGLÆRTE, STUDENTER MV.

-494

80% 75% 70% -

-61

65% 60% 55%

115

LONG FURTHER EDUCATION 50% 2003

JOBS BY KOMMUNE 2013

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

JOBS PER 100 INHABITANTS

THYBORØN

HARBOØRE

NØRRE NISSUM LEMVIG

BÆKMARKSBRO

13 - 500

41 - 60

501 - 1,000

61 - 80

1,001 - 1,500

81 - 100

1,501 - 8,350

101 - 161

STATISTICS: EMPLOYMENT Employment trends for the municipality of Lemvig. Lemvig Kommune has the fifth lowest employment in the Midtjylland Region.

THE GRAND TOUR OF EUtopia

Lemvig Kommune Statistics. regionmidtjylland. https://www.rm.dk/regional-udvikling/statistik-og-analyse/ midt-i-statistikken/. Accessed 24 November, 2016

74

5.3 SUPPORTING INFORMATION

DROP OUT RATES FOR SECONDARY EDUCATION 2014

DROPOUT RATE OF VOCATIONAL EDUCATION IN 2014

Skive

Skive

Randers

Lemvig

Norddjurs

Randers

Lemvig

Viborg

Struer Holstebro

Holstebro

Syddjurs

Favrskov

Silkeborg

Herning Aarhus

Aarhus

Skanderborg

Ringkøbing-

Syddjurs

Favrskov

Silkeborg

Herning

Norddjurs

Viborg

Struer

Skanderborg

Ringkøbing-

Skjern

Skjern 0-8%

Ikast-Brande Horsens

0 - 15 %

Ikast-Brande

Odder

Horsens

9 - 12 % 13 - 16 %

Samsø Hedensted

Odder 16 -30 %

Samsø Hedensted

17 - 20 %

POPULATION'S HIGHEST LEVEL OF EDUCATION IN 2015

31 -45 % 46 -68 %

LEMVIG

PRIMARY SCHOOL

PRIMARY SCHOOL

SECONDARY SCHOOL

VOCATIONAL SHORT HIGHER EDUCATION

POLYTECHNIC EDUCATION

HIGHER EDUCATION

PREPARATORY EDUCATION

LEMVIG

28%

4%

46%

3%

15%

4%

SECONDARY SCHOOL

MIDTJYLLAND

23%

5%

37%

6%

19%

9%

VOCATIONAL TRAINING

DENMARK

25%

6%

35%

5%

19%

10%

SHORT HIGHER EDUCATION

2.771

16

628

550

65

MEDIUM-CYCLE HIGHER EDUCATION

LONG HIGHER EDUCATION

THE FIGURE SHOWS THE NUMBER OF STUDENTS CALCULATED BY MUNICIPALITY OF RESIDENCE IN 2014 THE ONGOING TRAINING ACTIVITY.

525

18

69%

70%

REGION MIDTJYLLAND

DENMARK

77%

75%

HERNING

75%

74% AARHUS

SILKEBORG

73% IKAST-BRANDE

NORDDJURS

72%

69%

71%

69% ODDER

SKANDERBORG

HORSENS

69% HEDENSTED

HOLSTEBRO

69% FAVRSKOV

71%

69%

RINGKØBING-SKJERN

69%

69% VIBORG

LEMVIG

68%

SYDDJURS

68%

STRUER

66% SAMSØ

RANDERS

SKIVE

65%

POPULATION WITH A PROFESSIONAL EDUCATION 2015

STATISTICS: EDUCATION Education trends for the municipality of Lemvig. Lemvig Kommune’s population with a professional education is just below the national average in the Midtjylland Region.

THE GRAND TOUR OF EUtopia

Lemvig Kommune Statistics. regionmidtjylland. https://www.rm.dk/regional-udvikling/statistik-og-analyse/ midt-i-statistikken/. Accessed 24 November, 2016

75

5.3 SUPPORTING INFORMATION

PERCENT OF POPULATION LOW INCOME 2014

INCOME PER. CAPITA IN 2014

Skive

Skive Randers

Lemvig

Norddjurs

Randers

Lemvig

Viborg

Struer Holstebro

Syddjurs

Favrskov

Holstebro

Silkeborg

Herning Aarhus

Aarhus

Skanderborg

Ringkøbing-

Skanderborg

RingkøbingSkjern

Skjern Ikast-Brande

Ikast-Brande

3 - 3,5 %

Odder

Horsens

Horsens

3,6 - 4,5 %

AVERAGE INCOME 2014

LANDSDEL VESTJYLLAND

LANDSDEL ØSTJYLLAND

100.000199.999 KR.

300.000399.999 KR.

400.000499.999 KR.

14%

13%

11%

12%

15%

14%

16% 200.000299.999 KR.

14%

28%

24%

26%

25%

26%

23%

27% 16%

16%

14%

23% 099.999 KR.

13%

9%

9%

7%

6% DENMARK

LANSDEL ØSTJYLLAND

LANDSDEL VESTJYLLAND

DENMARK

298.785

289.283

282.114

325.329

304.315

297.536

295.804

289.764

287.782

287.123

286.313

285.995

284.946

284.540

REGION MIDTJYLLAND

SKANDERBORG

FAVRSKOV

ODDER

HEDENSTED

AARHUS

HORSENS

VIBORG

SYDDJURS

HERNING

HOLSTEBRO

SILKEBORG

RINGKØBING-SKJERN

LEMVIG

IKAST-BRANDE

RANDERS

315,001 - 326,000 kr

INCOME DISTRIBUTION 2014

284.450

283.769

279.009

278.626

273.721

270.404

262.651

269.446

STRUER

SKIVE

295,001 - 315,000 kr

Hedensted

LEMVIG

259.279

275,001 - 295,000 kr

Samsø

5,6 - 6 %

Hedensted

SAMSØ

259,000 - 275,000 kr

Odder

4,6 - 5,5 %

Samsø

NORDDJURS

Syddjurs

Favrskov

Silkeborg

Herning

Norddjurs

Viborg

Struer

500.000+ KR.

AVERAGE INCOME 2014

PRIMARY SCHOOL

SECONDARY SCHOOL

VOCATIONAL

SHORT HIGHER EDUCATION

MEDIUM HIGHER EDUCATION

576.275

538.584

504.531

378.683

367.489

364.669

373.883

370.334

HELE LANDET

370.960

312.847

314.139

334.080

230.081

208.199

REGION MIDTJYLLAND

223.864

185.673

198.113

183.683

LEMVIG

HIGHER EDUCATION

STATISTICS: INCOME Income trends for the municipality of Lemvig. Lemvig Kommune has the seventh lowest average income in the Midtjylland Region.

THE GRAND TOUR OF EUtopia

Lemvig Kommune Statistics. regionmidtjylland. https://www.rm.dk/regional-udvikling/statistik-og-analyse/ midt-i-statistikken/. Accessed 24 November, 2016

76

5.3 SUPPORTING INFORMATION

NET MIGRATION 2014

382

MIGRATION 2007-2015

306

1.200 EMIGRATION

196

1.000

RINGKØBING-SKJERN

FAVRSKOV

LEMVIG

SKIVE

HEDENSTED

HOLSTEBRO

STRUER

IKAST-BRANDE

VIBORG

SYDDJURS

600

IMIGRATION

-86

-50

400 -70

SAMSØ -11

29

16

200

-239

0

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

2015

-373

-333

-296

-231

-228

-140

HERNING

ODDER

SILKEBORG

NORDDJURS

RANDERS

SKANDERBORG

HORSENS

AARHUS

40

59

83

800

INEQUALITY 2000-2014 GINI COEFFICIENT

MOVEMENT BY AGE 2015 NET RELOCATION

33

IMMIGRATION

EMIGRATION

60

32

40

31 30

AVERAGE ALL KOMMUNES

29 28

20 0 -20

27

-40

26

-60

25 LEMVIG

24 23

-80

95 YEARS

100 YEARS

90 YEARS

85 YEARS

80 YEARS

75 YEARS

70 YEARS

65 YEARS

60 YEARS

55 YEARS

50 YEARS

45 YEARS

40 YEARS

2014

35 YEARS

2012 2011

30 YEARS

2010 2009

25 YEARS

2008 2007

20 YEARS

2006 2005

15 YEARS

2004 2003

10 YEARS

2002 2001

5 YEARS

2000

0 YEARS

-100

22

RELOCATION FROM LEMVIG OVER 25 YEAR OLDS 2015

RELOCATION FROM LEMVIG 16-24 YEAR OLDS 2015

[-568] - [-420]

[-6,519] - [-350]

[-419] - [-190]

[-349] - [-0]

[-189] - [-0]

[-1] - [350]

[-1] - [-10,524]

[351] - [706]

STATISTICS: MIGRATION Migration trends for the municipality of Lemvig. Lemvig Kommune has the third highest net migration with a large proportion of youth leaving the municipality for Denmark’s urban centres.

THE GRAND TOUR OF EUtopia

Lemvig Kommune Statistics. regionmidtjylland. https://www.rm.dk/regional-udvikling/statistik-og-analyse/ midt-i-statistikken/. Accessed 24 November, 2016

77

5.3 SUPPORTING INFORMATION

POPULATION TRENDS BY KOMMUNE 2010-2016

SAMSØ LEMVIG STRUER SKIVE RINGKØBING-SKJERN NORDDJURS HEDENSTED HOLSTEBRO SYDDJURS IKAST-BRANDE ODDER HERNING FAVRSKOV SILKEBORG VIBORG RANDERS SKANDERBORG HORSENS AARHUS REGION MIDTJYLLAND DENMARK

POPULATION PROJECTION LEMVIG KOMMUNE 2015-2035

120

-7% -6%

REGION MIDTJYLLAND

-4% -3% -2%

100

0% 0%

LEMVIG

1% 1% 1%

80

2% 2% 2% 3% 3%

40

3% 4% 7% 8%

-

3% 3%

2015

PROPORTION 20-64 YEAR OLDS IN 2016

2017

2019

2021

2023

2026

2027

2029

2031

2033

2035

POPULATION BY AGE GROUP 2015-2025

SAMSØ STRUER SYDDJURS LEMVIG RINGKØBING-SKJERN ODDER SKANDERBORG FAVRSKOV HEDENSTED SKIVE IKAST-BRANDE NORDDJURS SILKEBORG VIBORG HOLSTEBRO HERNING RANDERS HORSENS AARHUS REGION MIDTJYLLAND DENMARK

51% 53%

POPULATION

BY NUMBER

53%

POPULATION

BY PERCENT

53% 54% 54%

LEMVIG

LEMVIG

-768 -488 -1.187 504 489 -1.450

-22% -23% -10% 24% 44% -7%

REGION MIDTJYLLAND

HELE LANDET

55%

0-15 YEARS 16-24 YEARS 25-69 YEARS 70-79 YEARS 80+ YEARS TOTAL

55% 55% 55% 55% 56% 56% 56%

-1% -3% 1% 35% 46% 5%

-1% -4% 1% 28% 45% 4%

56% 57% 57% 58% 65% 58% 58%

POPULATION PYRAMID

80+ YEARS

1.103

70-79 YEARS 60-69 YEARS

1.592

2.121

2.625

3.072

3.107

50-59 YEARS 3.233 40-49 YEARS

2.854 2.791

30-39 YEARS

1.838

20-29 YEARS 10-19 YEARS 0-9 YEARS

1.938 1.856

1.701

1.505

2.888

2.081 1.910

1.649 2015

2025

STATISTICS: POPULATION Population statistics for the municipality of Lemvig. Lemvig Kommune’s population is falling and a low proportion of the population is made up of 20-29 year olds.

THE GRAND TOUR OF EUtopia

Lemvig Kommune Statistics. regionmidtjylland. https://www.rm.dk/regional-udvikling/statistik-og-analyse/ midt-i-statistikken/. Accessed 24 November, 2016

78

5.3 SUPPORTING INFORMATION

ELECTIONS TO MUNICIPALITY COUNCILS IN LEMVIG KOMMUNE 2005

2009

2013

8,000

7,000

6,000

5,000

4,000

3,000

2,000

1,000

LETTERS NOT RESERVED

UNITY LIST

LIBERAL DEMOCRATIC PARTY

THE SLESVIG PARTY

DANISH PEOPLES PARTY

LIBERAL ALLIANCE

SOCIALIST PEOPLES PARTY

CONSERVATIVE PEOPLES PARTY

SOCIAL LIBERAL PARTY

SOCIAL DEMOCRATIC PARTY

0

ELECTION TO PARLIAMENT IN LEMVIG KOMMUNE 2007

2011

2015

6,000

5,000

4,000

3,000

2,000

1,000

THE ALTERNATIVE

THE RED-GREEN ALLIANCE

VENSTRE, DENMARKS LIBERAL PARTY

DANISH PEOPLES PARTY

CHRISTIAN DEMOCRATS

LIBERAL ALLIANCE

SOCIALIST PEOPLES PARTY

CONSERVATIVE PEOPLES PARTY

SOCIAL LIBERAL PARTY

SOCIAL DEMOCRATIC PARTY

0

STATISTICS: POLITICS Political trends for the municipality of Lemvig. Lemvig Kommune is a strong supporter of the Venstre, Denmark’s Liberal Party.

THE GRAND TOUR OF EUtopia

Election to the Parliament by Result of the Election and Municipalities. Statistics Denmark. http://www.dst.dk/ en/. Accessed 24 November, 2016

79

5.3 SUPPORTING INFORMATION

THROUGHPUT OF GOODS AT THYBORØN HAVN 2015 1 QRT

2 QRT

3 QRT

4 QRT

220

200 180

160

QUANTITY (1,000 TON)

140 120

100

80

60 40

OTHER MIXED CARGO

WOOD

GOODS IN RORO UNITS

VEHICLES

CONTAINER GOODS

OTHER SOLID BULK

LIME, CEMENT, PLASTER

BOULDERS, SAND AND GRAVEL

FERTILIZERS

SOLID CHEMICALS

FEEDING GOODS

AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION

COAL

ORES AND METAL WASTE

OTHER LIQUID BULK

LIQUID CHEMICALS

MINERAL OIL PRODUCTS

CRUDE OIL

LIQUID GAS

0

IRON AND STEEL PRODUCTS

20

THROUGHPUT OF GOODS AT THYBORØN HAVN 2008-2016

550

500

450

QUANTITY (1,000 TON)

400

350

300

250

200

2016

2015

2014

2013

2012

2011

2010

2009

100

2008

150

STATISTICS: THYBORØN PORT Statistics for the port of Thyborøn. Through put has declined since 2008 but the port remains a large importer of sand, gravel, and boulders for local port construction.

THE GRAND TOUR OF EUtopia

Throughput of Goods in Major Danish Seaports by Seaport Direction and Type. Statistics Denmark. http:// www.dst.dk/en/. Accessed 24 November, 2016

80

5.3 SUPPORTING INFORMATION

PILGRIM HOSTEL BUNKER GUEST HOUSE LOCATION

The pilgrim hostel is the primary lodging typology. Embedded into the breakwater wall facing the Lim Fjord these hostels are equipped with bunk style dorm rooms, common areas and kitchens.

FORM

NUMBER OF GUESTS PER UNIT

X 40

PILGRIM CABIN BREAKWATER CABIN LOCATION

50

TOTAL

2000

The pilgrim cabin is a summer time lodging facing the sea. The three of the four volumes are double rooms while the fourth contains washroom facilities. Pilgrim cabins make up approximately a quarter of the breakwater’s programmable blocks. Should the need arise in the future more blocks can be reprogrammed as pilgrim cabins.

FORM

NUMBER OF GUESTS PER UNIT

X6

PILGRIM TENT

NUMBER OF UNITS

NUMBER OF UNITS

260

TOTAL

1,560

The pilgrims may also bring their own accommodation. This is at their preference or as a necessity at peak pilgrimage times.

BREAKWATER CABIN LOCATION

FORM

NUMBER OF GUESTS PER UNIT

X1-4

NUMBER OF UNITS

200

TOTAL

200-800

PILGRIM ACCOMMODATION The culmination of the Grand Tour of EUtopia has ample housing facilities for a variety of different pilgrims. From families crossing Europe, to the lone traveller, to the Dane just visiting for the weekend.

THE GRAND TOUR OF EUtopia

81

5.3 SUPPORTING INFORMATION

YEARLY ATTENDANCE AT PILGRIMAGES DIFFERENT PILGRIMAGE TYPOLOGIES SELECTED

GRAND TOUR TYPOLOGY

NAME

GLASTONBURY

CAMINO DE SANTIAGO

MECCA

RUTA DE PELEGRINO

DISNEYLAND

TYPOLOGY

MUSIC FESTIVAL

PILGRIMAGE ROUTE

RELIGOUS SITE

PILGRIMAGE ROUTE

THEME PARK

YEAR

2016

2016

2016

2016

2015

ATTENDANCE

150,000

277,915

1,500,000

2,000,000

18,280,000

HISTORICAL

2,500 IN 1986

1,000,000 IN 1955

MONTHLY ATTENDANCE CAMINO DE SANTIAGO 2015 TOTAL: 262,458 54796

44799

37433 35925

31078

25574

17722

5229

5080 1217

JAN

2062

1544

FEB

MAR

APR

MAY

JUN

JUL

AUG

SEP

OCT

NOV

DEC

ANNUAL ATTENDANCE PILGRIMAGES The annual number of pilgrims attending different religious and secular pilgrimages. Data collection to inform the prediction of potential numbers of pilgrims on the Grand Tour of EUtopia.

THE GRAND TOUR OF EUtopia

http://caminoways.com/media/number-of-compostelas-2015-caminoways.png

82

5.3 SUPPORTING INFORMATION

ANNUAL ACCUMULATED PRECIPITATION DENMARK 1874-2015

MONTHLY PRECIPITATION THYBORØN TOTAL PRECIPITATION 872

120 950 900

100

850 80

800 750 MM

60

MM

700 650

40

600 550

20

500 450

0

1880

1900

1920

1940

1960

1980

2000

JAN

2020

DAYS OF RAIN THYBORØN

FEB

MAR

APR

MAY

JUN

JUL

AUG

SEP

OCT

NOV

DEC

JUL

AUG

SEP

OCT

NOV

DEC

MONTHLY TEMPERATURE THYBORØN AVERAGE TEMPERATURE 8.3 ºC

30 28 26 24 22 20 18 16 14 12 12 10 8 6 4 2 0 JAN

22 20 18 16 14 12 14

13 9

ºC

11

10

6

9 7

7

7

10 8

13

4

7

2 0 -2

FEB

MAR

APR

MAY

JUN

JUL

AUG

SEP

OCT

NOV

DEC

JAN

FEB

MAR

APR

MAY

JUN

CLIMATE DATA JAN

FEB

MAR

APR

MAY

JUN

JUL

AUG

SEP

MM

73

47

54

43

51

53

68

86

98

ºC

1.1

0.7

2.6

6.0

10.7

14.1

15.7

16.2

ºC MIN

-0.9

-1.4

0.2

3.3

7.6

11.3

13.2

ºC MAX

3.1

2.9

5.0

8.7

13.8

17.0

18.3

OCT

NOV

DEC

107

106

86

13.6

99

5.8

3.0

13.6

11.2

7.7

3.8

1.0

18.9

16.0

12.2

7.9

5.0

CLIMATE DATA THYBORØN Research into the climate of Thyborøn to explore the potential of precipitation and solar collection.

THE GRAND TOUR OF EUtopia

Climate Data.org. Climate Thyborøn. https://en.climate-data.org/location/861222/. Accessed 21 Mar 2017

83

5.3 SUPPORTING INFORMATION

THYBORØN Tid 0522 1112 S 1746 2317

1 2

Januar m 0.4 0.1 0.4 0.1

Tid 0602 1202 M 1831 2356

m 0.5 0.1 0.4 0.1

0655 1524 Ti 1924

0.5 0.1 0.4

16

0601 1154 M 1828

0.5 0.1 0.4

17

3

0000 0645 Ti 1244 1915

0.1 0.5 0.1 0.4

18

0050 0736 O 1342 2006

0.1 0.5 0.1 0.4

4

5 0145 0831 To 1648 B 2105 6

0.0 0.5 0.1 0.4

0.1 0.4 0.1 0.4

2 0606 1200 To 1832

0352 0939 L 1645 D 2204

0.1 0.4 0.1 0.4

3

0448 1045 S 1724 2307

0.0 0.4 0.1 0.4

4

0539 1144 M 1806

0.0 0.4 0.1

5

0003 0630 Ti 1236 1849

0.4 0.0 0.4 0.1

6

0054 0719 O 1325 1931

0.4 0.0 0.4 0.1

7

0140 0809 To 1409 2009

0.4 0.0 0.4 0.1

0221 0857 F 1448 2037

0.5 0.0 0.4 0.1

0256 0948 L 1522 2057

0.5 0.0 0.4 0.1

0328 1048 S 1554 A 2121

0.5 0.1 0.4 0.1

0402 1012 M 1627 2154

0.5 0.1 0.4 0.1

0439 1039 Ti 1705 2233

0.5 0.1 0.4 0.0

0.1 0.5 0.1 0.4

4

0223 0912 L 1719 B 2142

0419 1019 F 1727 2245

0.1 0.4 0.1 0.4

5

0.0 0.5 0.1 0.4

0339 1024 S 1807 2251

0515 1125 L 1809 2345

22

0.0 0.4 0.1 0.4

6

0.0 0.5 0.1 0.4

0519 1137 M 1853 2357

0606 1222 S 1850

0.0 0.4 0.1

7

0.0 0.5 0.1 0.4

0633 1242 Ti 1924

0.0 0.4 0.1

22

0040 0656 M 1313 1931

0.4 0.0 0.4 0.1

8

0.4 0.0 0.4 0.1

23

0130 0745 Ti 1400 2012

0.4 0.0 0.4 0.1

0214 0834 O 1441 2046

0.4 0.0 0.4 0.1

0253 0921 To 1517 2109

0.4 0.1 0.4 0.1

0325 1001 F 1548 2124

0.4 0.1 0.4 0.1

0354 1007 L 1617 A 2145

0.4 0.1 0.4 0.1

0424 1024 S 1648 2215

0.5 0.1 0.4 0.1

0500 1054 M 1725 2253

0.5 0.1 0.4 0.1

0539 1135 Ti 1806 2337

0.5 0.1 0.4 0.0

20 21

0.0 0.5 0.1

23

9

0019 0617 M 1256 1941

0.4 0.0 0.5 0.1

24

0114 0709 Ti 1351 1943

0.4 0.0 0.5 0.1

0204 0756 O 1439 2015

0.4 0.0 0.5 0.1

0252 0842 To 1526 C 2054

0.5 0.0 0.4 0.1

0339 0928 F 1611 2134

0.5 0.0 0.4 0.1

0425 1015 L 1656 2218

0.5 0.1 0.4 0.1

0512 1106 S 1742 2305

0.5 0.1 0.4 0.1

15

0141 0828 F 1609 2056

17

0211 0904 To 1648 D 2136

19

0515 1155 S 1913

14

0.0 0.5 0.1 0.4

m 0.1 0.5 0.1 0.4

0.0 0.5 0.1 0.4

8

13

2 0026 0714 To 1315 1942

25 26 27 28 29 30 31

0056 0728 O 1339 1923

9 0148 0815 To 1428 1956

0.5 0.0 0.4 0.1

0238 0851 F 1514 2034

0.5 0.0 0.4 0.1

0325 0929 L 1557 C 2115

0.5 0.1 0.4 0.1

0411 1010 S 1640 2159

0.5 0.1 0.4 0.1

0457 1055 M 1724 2245

0.5 0.1 0.4 0.1

0544 1146 Ti 1809 2334

0.5 0.1 0.4 0.1

0633 1459 O 1858

0.5 0.1 0.4

10 11 12 13 14 15

Tid 0520 1116 O 1746 2317

Tid 0030 0727 To 1535 1952

16

0121 0809 F 1421 2039

0.0 0.5 0.1 0.4

12

m 0.5 0.1 0.4

3

0400 1045 L 1827 2318

11

Februar

0.1 0.5 0.1 0.4

0.0 0.5 0.1 0.4

10

Tid 0624 1221 O 1852

0054 0754 O 1606 2025

0247 0934 F 1738 2210

7

2017

1

18 19 20 21

24 25 26 27 28

THYBORØN

DMI

Dansk Normaltid (UT+1 time)

1

Marts

m 0.5 0.1 0.4 0.0

Tid 0612 1220 To 1833

16

0.5 0.1 0.4

17

0006 0655 F 1251 1921

0.0 0.5 0.1 0.4

18

0101 0750 L 1350 2017

0.0 0.5 0.1 0.4

0205 0853 S 1700 B 2119

0.0 0.5 0.1 0.4

0346 1006 M 1748 2230

0.0 0.4 0.1 0.4

0606 1124 Ti 1833 2340

0.0 0.4 0.1 0.5

0709 1232 O 1912

0.0 0.4 0.1

23

9 0042 0819 To 1330 1913

0.5 0.0 0.4 0.1

24

0138 0933 F 1421 1943

0.5 0.0 0.4 0.1

0229 1040 L 1506 2021

0.5 0.0 0.4 0.1

0316 1138 S 1547 C 2101

0.5 0.0 0.4 0.1

0401 1229 M 1627 2143

0.5 0.0 0.4 0.1

0444 1315 Ti 1706 2228

0.5 0.1 0.4 0.1

0527 1133 O 1748 2315

0.5 0.1 0.4 0.1

8

10 11 12 13 14 15

m 0.4 0.1 0.4

m 0.5 0.1 0.5

0.1 0.4 0.1 0.4

2

0045 0733 S 1321 1957

0114 0751 L 1530 2016

0.1 0.4 0.1 0.4

3

0.0 0.5 0.1 0.5

0154 0836 M 1430 B 2059

0332 0852 S 1603 2119

0.1 0.4 0.1 0.4

4

0.0 0.4 0.1 0.5

0507 0951 Ti 1726 2212

0.0 0.4 0.1 0.5

0424 1000 M 1645 D 2224

0.1 0.4 0.1 0.4

0604 1114 O 1812 2327

0515 1102 Ti 1728 2323

0.0 0.4 0.1 0.4

6 0705 1223 To 1857

0.0 0.4 0.1 0.5

0604 1158 O 1812

0.0 0.4 0.1

7

0016 0654 To 1249 1856

0.5 0.0 0.4 0.1

8

0104 0743 F 1336 1934

0.5 0.0 0.4 0.1

0147 0833 L 1418 2006

0.5 0.0 0.4 0.1

0226 0925 S 1455 2030

0.5 0.0 0.4 0.1

0302 1025 M 1530 2058

0.5 0.0 0.4 0.1

0339 1002 Ti 1606 A 2133

0.5 0.0 0.4 0.0

0419 1021 O 1645 2214

0.5 0.1 0.4 0.0

0502 1056 To 1727 2300

0.5 0.1 0.4 0.0

0548 1139 F 1812 2349

0.5 0.1 0.4 0.0

20 21 22

25 26 27 28 29 30 31

5

THYBORØN Oktober

Tid 1 0123 0714 O 1339 2037

November

Tid 16 0211 0745 To 1443 2234

m 0.4 0.1 0.5 0.0

Tid 1 0127 0710 F 1348 2036

0.4 0.1 0.5 0.1

0255 0821 F 1528 2327

0.4 0.1 0.5 0.1

2

0334 0900 L 1606 A

0.4 0.1 0.4

3

0014 0410 S 0938 1639

0.1 0.4 0.1 0.4

4

0445 1017 M 1711 2243

0.4 0.1 0.4 0.1

5

0521 1057 Ti 1744 2315

0.4 0.1 0.4 0.1

0557 1141 O 1820 2352

23

0.4 0.1 0.4 0.1

7 0549 1137 To 1822 2351

0636 1229 To 1859

0.4 0.1 0.4

8

0.5 0.0 0.4 0.1

0640 1236 F 1915

0.5 0.1 0.4

23

24

0036 0718 F 1514 1944

0.1 0.4 0.1 0.4

9

0044 0737 L 1613 2016

0.1 0.5 0.0 0.4

24

0126 0806 L 1600 2036

0.1 0.4 0.1 0.4

0144 0843 S 1706 D 2129

0.1 0.5 0.0 0.4

0230 0901 S 1648 B 2139

0.1 0.4 0.1 0.4

0304 1003 M 1800 2249

0.1 0.5 0.0 0.4

0410 1006 M 1737 2248

0.1 0.4 0.1 0.4

0536 1126 Ti 1857 2358

0.1 0.5 0.0 0.4

0509 1112 Ti 1825 2348

0.1 0.4 0.0 0.4

0626 1234 O 1956

0.1 0.5 0.0

28

0554 1210 O 1913

0.1 0.5 0.0

14

0057 0717 To 1334 2058

29

0.4 0.0 0.5 0.0

15

0.4 0.1 0.5 0.1

0149 0821 F 1427 2158

0.4 0.1 0.5 0.1

m 0.4 0.1 0.5 0.0

0121 0722 M 1341 2024

0.4 0.1 0.4 0.1

0139 0707 Ti 1400 2201

0.4 0.1 0.5 0.0

2 0204 0742 To 1419 2130

0204 0756 Ti 1420 2120

0.4 0.1 0.5 0.1

0228 0744 O 1451 2300

0.4 0.1 0.5 0.0

3

0242 0812 F 1458 2130

0242 0818 O 1454 2223

0.4 0.1 0.5 0.1

0310 0824 To 1536 A 2354

0.4 0.1 0.5 0.0

4

0.4 0.0 0.5 0.1

0318 0848 L 1538 C 2135

0349 0904 F 1616

0.4 0.1 0.5

5

0.4 0.0 0.5 0.1

0357 0928 S 1619 2206

0042 0427 L 0946 1654

0.1 0.4 0.1 0.4

6

0.4 0.0 0.5 0.1

0438 1012 M 1703 2245

0124 0505 S 1030 1733

0.1 0.4 0.1 0.4

7

0.4 0.0 0.5 0.1

0521 1100 Ti 1751 2328

0.4 0.0 0.5 0.1

0545 1116 M 1812 2353

0.4 0.1 0.4 0.1

0609 1151 O 1841

0.5 0.0 0.5

0627 1206 Ti 1854

0.4 0.1 0.4

9 0016 0700 To 1249 1936

0.1 0.5 0.1 0.4

0109 0757 F 1405 D 2038

0.1 0.5 0.1 0.4

0212 0903 L 1725 2154

0.1 0.5 0.0 0.4

0336 1023 S 1823 2316

13

0.1 0.5 0.0 0.4

0606 1143 M 1924

0.1 0.5 0.0

28

14

0024 0646 Ti 1251 2030

0.4 0.1 0.5 0.0

29

0121 0713 O 1351 2135

0.4 0.1 0.5 0.0

2 3 4

5 0315 0841 To 1527 C 2327 6

0.4 0.1 0.5 0.1

17 18 19 20 21

0347 0911 F 1601 2205

0.4 0.1 0.5 0.1

0421 0948 L 1640 2233

0.4 0.0 0.5 0.1

0500 1030 S 1723 2310

0.4 0.0 0.5 0.1

0543 1116 M 1809 2354

10

0.4 0.0 0.5 0.1

0630 1208 Ti 1900

0.4 0.0 0.5

25

11

0044 0721 O 1305 1956

0.1 0.4 0.1 0.4

26

0139 0818 To 1415 D 2100

0.1 0.4 0.1 0.4

0247 0925 F 1739 2218

0.1 0.4 0.0 0.4

0552 1042 L 1840 2339

0.1 0.4 0.0 0.4

0636 1158 S 1945

0.1 0.5 0.0

7 8 9

12 13 14 15

22 23 24

0039 0713 O 1310 1941

0.1 0.4 0.1 0.4

0144 0804 To 1545 2036

0.1 0.4 0.1 0.4

0345 0905 F 1632 B 2141

0.1 0.4 0.1 0.4

0430 1012 L 1720 2247

0.1 0.4 0.1 0.4

0515 1115 S 1809 2345

30

0.1 0.4 0.1 0.4

0600 1209 M 1858

0.1 0.4 0.0

31

0.4 0.1 0.5 0.0

27 28 29

0037 0640 Ti 1257 1947

8

10 11 12

15

December

m 0.4 0.1 0.5 0.0

Tid 16 0044 0702 M 1303 2054

17 18 19 20 21 22

25 26 27

30

0040 0633 To 1301 2000

0.5 0.0 0.4 0.0

0414 1153 F 1626 C

0.4 0.1 0.4

24

0258 0915 To 1521 A 2057

0.5 0.0 0.4 0.0

10

0012 0442 L 1228 1654

0.1 0.4 0.1 0.4

25

0342 0934 F 1603 2141

0.5 0.1 0.5 0.0

0053 0509 S 1044 1723

0.1 0.4 0.1 0.4

0427 1009 L 1647 2229

0.5 0.1 0.5 0.0

0129 0537 M 1106 1752

0.1 0.4 0.1 0.4

0515 1049 S 1733 2321

0.5 0.1 0.5 0.0

0609 1139 Ti 1827

0.4 0.1 0.4

28

0603 1135 M 1823

0.4 0.1 0.5

14

0243 0648 O 1219 1906

29

0021 0657 Ti 1226 1918

0.1 0.4 0.1 0.5

15

0.1 0.4 0.1 0.4

0326 0733 To 1306 1952

0.1 0.4 0.1 0.5

0350 0758 O 1324 2021

0.0 0.4 0.1 0.5

0.5 0.0 0.4 0.1

0155 0902 M 1427 2003

0.5 0.0 0.4 0.0

0309 1053 Ti 1530 2258

0.5 0.0 0.4 0.1

0237 1001 Ti 1506 2036

0.5 0.0 0.4 0.0

0351 1142 O 1607 C 2139

0.5 0.0 0.4 0.1

0318 0947 O 1544 A 2114

0.5 0.0 0.4 0.0

0427 1226 To 1640 2214

0.4 0.1 0.4 0.1

0400 1000 To 1624 2157

0.5 0.1 0.4 0.0

0459 1303 F 1712 2252

0.4 0.1 0.4 0.1

0445 1033 F 1706 2243

0.5 0.1 0.5 0.0

0530 1113 L 1746 2333

0531 1115 L 1752 2334

0.5 0.1 0.5 0.0

14

0.4 0.1 0.4 0.1

0604 1142 S 1822

0.4 0.1 0.4

29

0621 1201 S 1842

0.5 0.1 0.5

15

0.1 0.4 0.1 0.4

30

0355 1208 Ti 1616 C 2134

0.5 0.0 0.4 0.1

0435 1252 O 1652 2216

0.5 0.1 0.4 0.1

0512 1331 To 1730 2300

0.4 0.1 0.4 0.1

0551 1144 F 1809 2348

0.4 0.1 0.4 0.1

0631 1224 L 1851

0.4 0.1 0.4

24 25 26 27 28 29 30

9

10 11 12 13

0022 0641 M 1220 1900

17 18 19

23 24 25 26 27 28

31

1

11 12 13

Tid 0411 0825 F 1402 2046

m 0.1 0.4 0.1 0.5

0457 0928 L 1511 D 2149

0.0 0.4 0.1 0.5

0546 1040 S 1649 2258

19

0.0 0.4 0.1 0.5

0636 1145 M 1748

0.0 0.4 0.1

20

0003 0725 Ti 1240 1834

0.5 0.0 0.4 0.1

0100 0816 O 1330 1917

0.5 0.0 0.4 0.0

0151 0912 To 1415 1959

0.5 0.0 0.4 0.0

0239 0841 F 1459 2042

0.5 0.1 0.5 0.0

0325 0906 L 1542 A 2128

0.5 0.1 0.5 0.0

0410 0942 S 1627 2216

0.5 0.1 0.5 0.0

0457 1024 M 1715 2308

0.4 0.1 0.5 0.1

0545 1109 Ti 1804

0.4 0.1 0.5

16 17

21 22 23

26 27

0013 0636 O 1159 1858

0.1 0.4 0.1 0.5

0333 0734 To 1256 2000

0.0 0.4 0.1 0.5

0423 0844 F 1412 2117

0.0 0.4 0.1 0.5

30

THYBORØN

DMI

Dansk Normaltid (UT+1 time) Juli

2017 August

m 0.1 0.4 0.1 0.4

Tid 1 0027 0647 F 1251 1918

0642 1134 To 1842

0.1 0.4 0.1

2

0117 0727 L 1339 2012

0015 0730 F 1236 1954

0.4 0.1 0.4 0.0

3

0.4 0.1 0.4 0.1

0203 0806 S 1422 2109

0115 0816 L 1331 2120

0.4 0.1 0.4 0.0

4

0.4 0.1 0.4 0.1

0243 0839 M 1459 2210

0207 0741 S 1421 2234

0.4 0.1 0.5 0.0

5

0.4 0.1 0.4 0.1

0318 0857 Ti 1530 2310

0.4 0.1 0.4 0.1

0254 0815 M 1509 A 2336

0347 0912 O 1557 C

22

0.4 0.1 0.5 0.0

0338 0854 Ti 1554

0.4 0.1 0.5

0.4 0.1 0.4

23

0032 0421 O 0936 1641

8

0036 0443 O 1004 1654

0.1 0.4 0.1 0.4

24

0.0 0.4 0.1 0.5

0122 0504 To 1021 1727

0.0 0.4 0.1 0.5

0514 1036 To 1727 2327

0.4 0.1 0.5 0.1

0209 0550 F 1109 1817

0550 1115 F 1807

0.4 0.1 0.5

26

0.0 0.4 0.1 0.5

0254 0639 L 1202 1910

0007 0632 L 1200 1852

0.1 0.4 0.1 0.5

27

0.1 0.4 0.1 0.5

0336 0734 S 1306 2012

0.1 0.4 0.1 0.4

0056 0719 S 1251 1943

0.1 0.4 0.1 0.5

0415 0839 M 1602 2125

0.1 0.4 0.1 0.4

0200 0812 M 1348 2041

0.1 0.4 0.1 0.5

0451 0954 Ti 1649 B 2234

0.1 0.4 0.1 0.4

0507 0913 Ti 1457 D 2148

0.1 0.4 0.1 0.5

0528 1100 O 1738 2333

0.1 0.4 0.1 0.4

0606 1159 To 1827

0.1 0.4 0.1

0.4 0.0 0.5 0.1

0353 0943 M 1621 A 2157

0.4 0.1 0.4 0.1

0653 1217 M 1839

0.0 0.4 0.1

18

0014 0657 O 1238 1902

0251 0828 S 1516 C 2106

3

0.0 0.4 0.1 0.5

3 0107 0739 To 1330 1957

0426 1012 Ti 1649 2216

0.4 0.1 0.4 0.1

0046 0745 Ti 1312 1935

0.5 0.0 0.4 0.0

0704 1206 O 1818

0.0 0.4 0.1

4

0.4 0.0 0.4 0.1

0.4 0.0 0.5 0.1

19

0.0 0.4 0.1 0.5

0333 0911 M 1600 2140

4

0615 1103 Ti 1710 2332

0157 0823 F 1418 2058

0416 0957 Ti 1645 2220

0.5 0.0 0.5 0.1

0457 1044 O 1718 2244

0.4 0.1 0.4 0.1

0141 0839 O 1403 2040

0036 0754 To 1302 1909

0.5 0.1 0.4 0.0

0241 0903 L 1500 2203

0.5 0.0 0.5 0.1

0530 1118 To 1750 2318

0.4 0.1 0.4 0.1

0131 0846 F 1351 1953

0.5 0.1 0.4 0.0

0319 0935 S 1535 2301

0.4 0.1 0.4 0.1

0314 1024 F 1530 2252

0222 0809 L 1439 2036

0.4 0.1 0.5 0.0

0351 0937 M 1603 C 2351

0.4 0.1 0.4

0351 1106 L 1604 2342

0309 0839 S 1524 A 2121

0042 0725 S 1347 1953

0.1 0.4 0.1 0.4

0420 1142 S 1632 C

0.4 0.1 0.4

24

0.4 0.1 0.5 0.1

0418 0943 Ti 1627

9

0.4 0.1 0.4 0.1

8

0.4 0.1 0.4 0.1

0642 1244 L 1906

8

0.4 0.1 0.4 0.1

7

0.4 0.1 0.4 0.1

0603 1157 F 1825 2357

7

0.4 0.0 0.4 0.1

6

0.4 0.1 0.4 0.1

0501 1045 O 1732 2303

6 0230 0933 To 1450 2152

0.5 0.0 0.4 0.1

5

0.4 0.1 0.4 0.1

0133 0815 M 1620 2048

0.1 0.5 0.1 0.4

0025 0445 M 1014 1657

0.1 0.4 0.1 0.4

25

0.4 0.1 0.5 0.1

9

10

0354 0917 M 1610 2207

0439 0959 Ti 1657 2258

0.4 0.1 0.5 0.1

0233 0912 Ti 1708 B 2150

0.1 0.5 0.1 0.4

0105 0510 Ti 1034 1723

0.1 0.4 0.1 0.4

0524 1044 O 1745

0.4 0.1 0.5

11

0346 1018 O 1756 2257

0.1 0.5 0.1 0.4

0144 0541 O 1105 1755

0.1 0.4 0.1 0.4

0227 0613 To 1133 1838

0.0 0.4 0.1 0.5

12

0502 1127 To 1842 2358

0.1 0.5 0.0 0.4

0000 0617 To 1144 1834

0315 0707 F 1228 1937

0.0 0.4 0.1 0.5

0558 1227 F 1924

0.0 0.5 0.1

14

0.1 0.4 0.1 0.5

0044 0700 F 1229 1919

0400 0809 L 1337 2048

0.0 0.4 0.1 0.5

0051 0645 L 1321 1949

0.4 0.0 0.5 0.1

15

0.1 0.4 0.1 0.5

0352 0749 L 1321 2011

0.1 0.4 0.1 0.5

0445 0925 S 1630 B 2208

0.0 0.4 0.1 0.5

0140 0729 S 1410 2007

0.4 0.0 0.5 0.1

0529 1039 M 1719 2315

0.0 0.4 0.1 0.4

5

11 12 13

Datum of Predictions = Chart Datum Tidspunkterne er givet i dansk normaltid (UT+1 time). Ved sommertid, skal tidspunkterne øges med 1 time.

17

20 21 22 23

26 27 28 29 30 31

September

Tid 16 0554 1023 O 1736 2305

0527 0951 M 1534 2220

31

0213 0936 O 1440 2015

9

0.4 0.1 0.4 0.1

0219 0957 M 1448 2154

0.0 0.4 0.1 0.5

30

0.5 0.0 0.4 0.0

8

0602 1116 S 1747 2346

13

0127 0839 Ti 1358 1938

8 0339 1110 To 1553 2326

0.5 0.0 0.4 0.1

0.5 0.0 0.4 0.1

2

27

0255 1021 O 1515 2231

0112 0809 S 1347 1933

23

0.4 0.1 0.4 0.1

12

0.5 0.0 0.4 0.1

0.5 -0.0 0.4 0.1

0316 1101 S 1550 2339

26

0036 0747 M 1314 1902

7

0.5 0.0 0.4 0.1

0124 0856 S 1400 2030

0.4 0.0 0.5 0.1

11

22

0205 0925 Ti 1430 2122

7

0209 0748 L 1433 2042

25

0.0 0.4 0.1

0.5 0.0 0.4 0.1

Tid 1 0612 1142 Ti 1809

10

0657 1225 S 1825

6

0.5 0.0 0.4 0.1

0024 0719 L 1302 1900

m 0.1 0.4 0.1 0.5

22

0109 0825 M 1340 2006

0.5 -0.0 0.4 0.1

Tid 16 0439 0845 S 1421 D 2110

21

21

0.0 0.4 0.1 0.5

0023 0751 L 1307 1927

m 0.0 0.4 0.1 0.5

6

0607 1130 L 1744 2342

5

0.5 -0.0 0.4 0.1

6

Tid 1 0512 1006 L 1657 B 2239

20

0009 0726 S 1245 1906

0.0 0.4 0.1

m 0.4 0.1 0.4 0.1

19

4

0630 1212 F 1821

Tid 16 0236 0958 L 1513 2252

18

0.0 0.4 0.1 0.5

20

m 0.4 0.0 0.5 0.1

17

0518 1025 F 1658 D 2241

-0.0 0.4 0.1

3

16

Datum of Predictions = Chart Datum Tidspunkterne er givet i dansk normaltid (UT+1 time). Ved sommertid, skal tidspunkterne øges med 1 time.

2017

m 0.4 0.1 0.4 0.1

18

0650 1208 F 1836

DMI

Dansk Normaltid (UT+1 time)

-0.0 0.4 0.1

5

0.5 0.0 0.4 0.1

15

0629 1146 L 1813

0.0 0.4 0.1 0.5

0312 1118 M 1539 2054

14

0.1 0.4 0.1 0.5

0540 1116 To 1737 2333

0.5 0.0 0.4 0.1

13

0430 0914 To 1606 2135

3

-0.0 0.4 0.1 0.5

-0.0 0.4 0.1 0.5

0224 1021 S 1459 2016

12

0535 1038 F 1724 2300

4 0552 1100 To 1748 2315

0.5 -0.0 0.4 0.1

11

2

0.0 0.4 0.1 0.4

0131 0918 L 1413 1943

0.0 0.4 0.1 0.5

0.1 0.4 0.1 0.4

0451 1013 O 1651 D 2235

22

0457 0936 O 1703 B 2156

0343 0813 O 1404 2035

0.1 0.4 0.1 0.4

0.5 -0.0 0.4 0.1

0.0 0.4 0.1 0.5

m 0.0 0.4 0.1 0.5

0403 0906 Ti 1605 2131

20

0403 0818 Ti 1356 2040

1

Juni

Tid 0442 0914 To 1637 B 2139

2

19

m 0.0 0.4 0.1 0.5

m 0.1 0.4 0.1 0.4

0.1 0.4 0.1 0.4

18

Tid 0033 0716 M 1254 1937

Tid 0300 0723 Ti 1306 1945

0315 0806 M 1520 2030

17

0033 0810 F 1321 1930

10

Maj

m 0.1 0.4 0.1 0.4

21

9

2017

Tid 0048 0715 S 1321 1938

16

-0.0 0.4 0.1

Datum of Predictions = Chart Datum Tidspunkterne er givet i dansk normaltid (UT+1 time). Ved sommertid, skal tidspunkterne øges med 1 time.

Tid 1 0034 0643 S 1257 1933

April

Tid 0638 1227 L 1901

1

0008 0659 F 1502 1921

19

DMI

Dansk Normaltid (UT+1 time)

2

10

13 14 15

m 0.0 0.4 0.1

0.4 0.0 0.4 0.0

17 18 19 20 21

25

28 29 30 31

m 0.4 0.1 0.4 0.1

Tid 0705 1215 L 1957

16 17

m 0.1 0.4 0.0

0100 0716 S 1315 2112

0.4 0.1 0.5 0.0

0154 0719 M 1409 2221

0.4 0.1 0.5 0.0

0241 0756 Ti 1457 2321

20

0.4 0.1 0.5 0.0

0324 0836 O 1543 A

0.4 0.1 0.5

0.4 0.1 0.5

21

7 0003 0415 To 0936 1627

0015 0404 To 0918 1627

0.1 0.4 0.1 0.5

22

0.0 0.4 0.1 0.5

0103 0445 F 1001 1710

0.1 0.3 0.1 0.5

0448 1010 F 1703 2300

0.4 0.1 0.5 0.1

0148 0527 L 1048 1755

0.1 0.4 0.1 0.4

0524 1051 L 1744 2337

10

0.4 0.1 0.5 0.1

0230 0612 S 1138 1842

0606 1136 S 1830

0.4 0.0 0.5

25

0.1 0.4 0.1 0.4

11

0306 0700 M 1235 1933

0023 0654 M 1227 1920

0.1 0.4 0.0 0.5

26

0.1 0.4 0.1 0.4

0339 0754 Ti 1533 2032

0.1 0.4 0.1 0.4

0115 0745 Ti 1324 2017

0.1 0.4 0.1 0.5

0408 0900 O 1618 2140

0.1 0.4 0.1 0.4

0218 0843 O 1432 D 2123

0.1 0.4 0.1 0.4

0441 1010 To 1705 B 2245

0.1 0.4 0.1 0.4

0532 0951 To 1747 2241

0.1 0.4 0.1 0.4

0520 1112 F 1754 2342

0.1 0.4 0.1 0.4

0619 1106 F 1849 2357

0.1 0.4 0.0 0.4

0601 1208 L 1842

0.1 0.4 0.1

6

9

12 13 14 15

18 19

23 24

27 28 29 30

Datum of Predictions = Chart Datum Tidspunkterne er givet i dansk normaltid (UT+1 time). Ved sommertid, skal tidspunkterne øges med 1 time.

TIDAL CHARTS THYBORØN

THE GRAND TOUR OF EUtopia

https://www.dmi.dk/en/hav/maalinger/tidal-tables/

84

6

COASTAL ENGINEERING 2010 6 COASTAL ENGINEERING 2010

6 Example: Inflow Example: Inflow

COASTAL ENGINEERING 20

5.3 SUPPORTING INFORMATION

Example: Outflow Example: Example: Outflow Inflow

Ex

INFLOW CONDITION CONDITION Figure 7. Examples of simulated instantaneous flow fields for anOUTFLOW inflow situation (left) and an outflow Figure (right), 7. Examples of simulated instantaneous flow fields for anFigure inflow7.situation Examples (left) of and simulated an outflow instantaneous flow fields for an inflow situation respectively. situation (right), respectively. situation (right), respectively.

Figure 8. Measured and calculated current speed and direction in front of the southern breakwater, Nov. FLOW VELOCITIES Figure 8. Measuredby and current speed and direction in Figure front 8. ofMeasured the southern andbreakwater, calculated current Nov. speed and direction in front 2008.

Measurements thecalculated Danish Coastal Authority.

2008. Measurements by the Danish Coastal Authority.

2008. Measurements by the Danish Coastal Authority.

TIDAL STREAM ENERGY POTENTIAL The project site is located at the western entrance to the Lim Fjord with large potential for tidal energy generation do to both tidal changes and flow generated by wave action. Specific areas in at the channel entrance have larger flow velocities

THE GRAND TOUR OF EUtopia

Sistermans, Paul and Nieuwenhuis. EROSION Case Study: Western Coast of Jutland (Denmark) DVH Group.

85

5.3 SUPPORTING INFORMATION

IMPLEMENTATION FOR EU OVERVIEW

EU BUDGET BY FUND CF

YEI

ESF

ERDF

EAFRD

IMPLEMENTATION PROGRESS

EMFF

SPENT

DECIDED

0%

PLANNED

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

13.9%

IMPLEMENTATION BY FUND FOR EU OVERVIEW

43.2%

BUDGET BY FUND

18.3%

TOTAL COST % OF PLANNED SPENT

DECIDED

0%

PLANNED

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

CF EAFRD EMFF

21.9%

ERDF ESF YEI

IMPLEMENTATION BY MEMBER STATE

EU BUDGET BY THEME CF

YEI

ESF

ERDF

EAFRD

TOTAL COST % OF PLANNED

EMFF

SPENT

0 COMPETITIVESNESS OF SME

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

DECIDED

0%

PLANNED

10%

20%

30%

AUSTRIA BELGIUM

ENVIRONMENT PROTECTION & RESOURCE EFFICIENCY NETWORK INFRASTRUCTURES IN TRANSPORT AND ENERGY

LOW-CARBON ECONOMY

BULGARIA CROATIA CYPRUS CZECH REPUBLIC DENMARK ESTONIA

DENMARK €2 253 056 430 (100.0%) €772 682 071 (34.3%) €41 730 225 (1.9%)

FINLAND FRANCE

SOCIAL INCLUSION

GERMANY GREECE

RESEARCH & INNOVATION

HUNGARY IRELAND ITALY

SUSTAINABLE & QUALITY EMPLOYMENT

LATVIA LITHUANIA

EDUCATIONAL & VOCATIONAL TRAINING

LUXEMBOURG MALTA NTHERLANDS

CLIMATE CHANGE ADAPTATION & RISK PREVENTION INFORMATION & COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES

POLAND PORTUGAL ROMANIA SLOVAK REPUBLIC SLOVENIA

TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE

EFFICIENT PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION

SPAIN SWEDEN TERRITORIAL CO-OPERATION UNITED KINGDOM

TERRITORIAL CO-OPERATION €12 429 740 981 (100.0%) €4 275 091 245 (34.4%) €89 374 839 (0.7%)

OUTERMOST & SPARSELY POPULATED

DISCONTINUED MEASURES

EU FUNDING AND IMPLEMENTATION BREAKDOWN Analysis of current European Union budgeting and funding allocation. Locating opportunities for funding the Grand Tour of EUtopia nationally and at the EU level.

EUROPEAN STRUCTURAL AND INVESTMENT FUNDS. Data. https://cohesiondata.ec.europa.eu/overview THE GRAND TOUR OF EUtopia

86

5.3 SUPPORTING INFORMATION

DECOMMISSIONING OPTIONS FOR THE PLATFORM TOPSIDES & PLATFORM JACKETS LEAVE IN SITU This is not a legally or environmentally acceptable option.

REUSE IN SITU All these options are opportunity driven and can only be considered if the opportunity arises within the right time frame. There would be significant issues that would have to be resolved about ownership and responsibility of removal at the ultimate end of their useful life.

REUSE IN ANOTHER LOCATION This option requires the topsides to first be to shore removed, cleaned and revamped. Based on the cost implications, the option was rejected.

REMOVE AND RECYCLE This is one of the most likely futures for the topsides because of the low probability of finding a suitable reuse opportunity.

RIGS TO REEFS DISPOSAL This might have been a practical option for the jackets. However, the permits necessary for this method of disposal are not likely to be forthcoming foreseeable.

DEEP SEA DISPOSAL This method of disposal is not legally acceptable in North East Atlantic waters.

DELAY DECOMMISSIONING AWAITING NOVEL NEW TECHNOLOGY Initial research indicates that the equipment, if developed, is not likely to be available within a suitable time frame.

IDENTIFYING MATERIAL OPPORTUNITIES INVENTORY OF MATERIALS PLATFORM TOPSIDES ITEM

DESCRIPTION

WEIGHT IN TONNES

MATERIAL

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

STRUCTURAL STEEL PIPING VESSELS MECHANICAL EQUIPMENT ELECTRICAL & INSTRUMENT CABLES CABLE TRAYS ELECTRICAL CABINETS & EQUIPMENT HVAC/ARCHITECTURAL SAFETY (INCLUDES WATER PIPING) DECKING

712 460 237 156 5 24 14 1 61 24

CARBON STEEL CARBON STEEL CARBON STEEL CARBON STEEL PLASTIC COATED COPPER GALVANIZED STEEL MISCELLANEOUS MISCELLANEOUS CARBON STEEL TIMBER

TOTAL 1694 PLATFORM JACKETS 1 2 3 4 5

JACKET STRUCTURE PILES RISERS RISERS ANODES

945 190 0 0 15

CARBON STEEL CARBON STEEL CARBON STEEL SS DUPLEX ALUMINIUM ALLOY

TOTAL 1150

IDENTIFYING MATERIAL AVAILABILITY

FIELD DECOMMISSIONING SCHEDULE 2015

2016

2017

2018

2019

2020

2021

2022

Cessation of production Clean & make safe Well decommissioning Module segregation and pre-lifting Pipeline clearing Platform removal (window) Pipeline decommissioning (window) Onshore disposal (window) Debris clearance & final survey

RECYCLING DECOMMISSIONED NORTH SEA OIL RIGS FOR CONSTRUCTION MATERIAL The North Sea currently hosts more than 600 offshore oil and gas installations, many of which have been standing since the 1960s and 1970s. Many have exceeded their operational lifetime of 25 years. Many of the steel and concrete structures have also become obsolete. As a result they have become redundant and need to be removed.

The Guardian. Can North Sea Installations be recycled, or Decommissioned Sustainably. https://www.theguardian. com/sustainable-business/2014/dec/01/north-sea-installation-recycle-sustainable-reuse-oil-gas A Danish Field Platforms and Pipelines Decommissioning Programmes. http://www.offshoreenergy.dk/ June 2013 THE GRAND TOUR OF EUtopia

Danish Sustainable Offshore Decommissioning Project. Offshore Center Denmark. http://www.offshorecenter.dk/

87

5.3 SUPPORTING INFORMATION

1. Brewhouse: 1.1 Brewhouse: Mash tun / kettle, 1.2 Brewhouse: Combi tank – lauter tun / whirlpool, 1.3 Hot water tank (boiler), 2. Fermentation: 2.1 Fermentation tuns, 2.2 Fermentation tanks, 2.3 Maturation tanks, 2.4 Serving tanks, 4. Cooling: 4.1 Glycol Cooling Unit, 4.2 Plate heat exchanger for cooling the wort / hot water production, 5. Raw preparation : 5.1 Malt mill, 6. Sanitation: 6.1 Mobile CIP pump, 6.2 * CIP station, 7. Production of industrial gases: 7.1 Compressor, 7.2 Generator N2 / bottles with CO2, 8. Yeast management: 8.1 Yeast tank, 9. Beer filtration: 9.1 * Primary and secondary filter, 10. Bottling and salling of beer: 10.1 * KEG Washing and Filling maschine, 10.2 * Distribution and sales of beer * 10.3 Tapping of beer.

BREWERY SCHEMATIC Understanding and procurement of necessary brewing equipment. Volumes to be scaled appropriately for consumption and distribution on the Grand Tour of EUtopia.

http://www.czechminibreweries.com/production/container-breweries/mobbeer-pubmaster-250/

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88

5.4 BIBLIOGRAPHY CHAPTER 1 European protected sites. European Environment Agency (EEA). http://www.eea.europa.eu/data-and-maps/explore-interactive-maps/european-protected-areas. Accessed 13 November, 2016

CHAPTER 2 http://www.buildings.com/article-details/articleid/2511/title/concrete-vs-steel/viewall/true Tsinker, Gregory P. Port Engineering: Planning, Construction, Maintenance, and Security. John Wiley & Sons. New Jersey. 2004.

Tsinker, Gregory P. Port Engineering: Planning, Construction, Maintenance, and Security. John Wiley & Sons. New Jersey. 2004.

Robinson, Alexander, Margolis, Liat. Living Systems: Innovative Materials and Technologies for Landscape Architecture. Springer Science & Business Media, 2008.

Plants of the Agger. http://agger.nationalparkthy.eu/ A Danish Field, Platforms and Pipelines, Decommissioning Programmes. Fornyelsesfondon https://allseas.com/activities/heavy-lifting/installation/ Reynolds Polymer Technology. http://www.reynoldspolymer.com/. Accessed 16 April 2017 Selway Fisher Design. Yacht & Boat Designs, Plans & ManualsFor The Home & Professional Boat Builder http://www.selway-fisher.com/ SteelConstruction: The Free Encyclopedia For Uk Steel Construction Information. http://www.steelconstruction.info/Trusses. Accessed 10 May 2017 Norsafe Lifeboats: Free Fall Lifeboats. http://norsafe.com/lifesaving-systems/freefall-lifeboats/. Accessed 16 May 2017 Danish Building Research Institute. Instructions For Building Regulations 2015. Denmark http://sbi.dk/anvisninger/Pages/258-Anvisning-omBygningsreglement-2015-2.aspx#/5-Brandforhold Viking Life-Saving Equipment. https://www.viking-life.com. Accessed 16 May 2017

CHAPTER 3 Wave Star Energy Systems. http://wavestarenergy.com/ Vortex Bladeless Energy. http://www.vortexbladeless.com/ European Commission. SETIS. https://setis.ec.europa.eu/setis-reports/setis-magazine/ocean-energy/open-centre-turbines-%E2%80%93-invisibly-harnessing-power-of. Accessed 5 May 2017 American Piezo Energy. https://www.americanpiezo.com. Accessed 20 April 2017 Climate Data.org. Climate Thyborøn. Https://en.climate-data.org/location/861222/. Accessed 21 Mar 2017 Harvesting rainwater for domestic uses: an information guide. Environment Agency. https://www.gov.uk/government/organisations/environment-agency The University of Manchester. Graphene: Mancheste’s Revolutionary 2D Material. http://www.graphene.manchester.ac.uk/ Accessed 10 May 2017 BBC News. Graphene-Based Sieve Turns Seawater Into Drinking Water. http://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-39482342 Solemma LLC. DIVA-for-Rhino. http://www.solemma.net/ Baden-Powell, Charlotte. Architect’s Pocket Handbook. Elsevier, Oxford, 2002 Inno Therm Cotton And Denim Thermal Insulation. http://www.inno-therm.com/. Accessed 10 May 2017 Autodesk. Measuring Light Levels. Sustainabilityworkshop.autodesk.com/buildings/measuring-light-levels Accessed 8 May 2017 Royal Horticultural Society. www.rhs.org.uk Accessed 8 May 2017 How to grow wisteria. http://www.thompson-morgan.com/ Accessed 8 May 2017

CHAPTER 4 The Danish Association of Consulting Engineers (FRI) and the Danish Association of Architectural Firms (DANSKE ARK) . Description of Services Building and Planning 2012 General Conditions for Consulting Services. ABR 89 RIBA Plan of Work. https://www.ribaplanofwork.com/ Accessed 17 May 2017 Aecom. Spon’sArchitects’ and Builders’ Price Book. CRC Press. 2015 Managing health and safety in construction: Construction (Design and Management) Regulations 2015. http://www.hse.gov.uk/pubns/priced/l153.pdf European Agency for Health and Saftey at Work. https://osha.europa.eu/en. Accessed 16 May 2017 https://arbejdstilsynet.dk

CHAPTER 5 Agger-Thyboron Coastal Batteries. krigsturist.dk http://www.wartourist.eu/. Accessed 1 November 2016 Lemvig Kommune Statistics. regionmidtjylland. https://www.rm.dk/regional-udvikling/statistik-og-analyse/midt-i-statistikken/. Accessed 24 November, 2016 http://caminoways.com/media/number-of-compostelas-2015-caminoways.png https://www.dmi.dk/en/hav/maalinger/tidal-tables/

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89

ND OF THE TOUR THE E

THE GRAND TOUR OF EUtopia