BEEKEEPING
&
DEVELOPMENT
LETTER TO THE EDITOR
In issue 18 of Beekeeping & Development Mr Tomlinson describes how to make a wax extractor. agree with him that it is hard to understand why so many beekeepers do without one. Under some circumstances the northern-designed extractors do not work too well, or work only infrequently. One reason is that if sunshine periods are short and intermittently interrupted by passing clouds, the large extractors built for sufficient capacity do not heat up enough or for long enough to melt old combs. Besides, extraction from very old combs is not efficient in these extractors as Professor Morse {Beekeeping & Development 19) pointed out. However, once processed in the solar extractor the dark Jeft-overs can be processed in boiling water. Solar extractors work very well and fast for lighter combs, cappings and the left-overs from honey pressing. However two small modifications are necessary: 1. Asmall solar wax extractor heats up quickly and reaches the wax melting point fast. It therefore extracts wax even during short, intermittent sunshine. Painting it black inside and out (not with tar paint) - will
BRUNEI DARUSSALAM Tropical Rainforest Research. Current issues
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27 June-3 July 1993, Okinawa. With the support of the Inter-Congress [VII PSIC). Further details from: VU Pacific
14th Commonwealth Forestry Conference “People, the Environment and Forestry - Conflict or Harmony.” 13-18 September 1993, Kuala Lumpur.
Information regarding Apiexpo 93, pre- and post-Congress tours, accommodation and travel arrangements contact: Mr Li Wei or Ms Xu Youjing, The XXxXIil international Apicultural Congress, No 33 Nonfengli, Dongdagiao, Chao
Further details from: The Secretary General CFC-1!4, Forestry Department
Headquarters, Peninsular Malaysia, lalan Sultan Salahuddin, 50660 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Fax: 01 603 292 5657
Yang District, 100020 Beijing, China Telex: 22233 MAGR CN. Fax: 01 861 500 5670. GHANA “Second West Africa Beekeeping Research Seminar 28 November - 4 December 1993, Aburi Botanical Gardens. The purpose of this Seminar is to bring together beekeepers from West Africa to discuss the progress made in beekeeping development in the last two years following the First West Africa Beekeeping Seminar held in The Gambia in November 199]. Topics will include ail facets of beekeeping development in the region. Further details from: Mr Ralph A Hoyte-Williams, General Secretary, Ghana Beekeepers’ Association, PO Box 9581, Airport-Accra, Ghana. INDIA international Symposium on Pollination in the Tropics.
TANZANIA Arusha Beekeepers’ Association, Annual Meeting. October 1993, Arusha. Further details from: Mr AY Kimishua. Co-ordinator, Arusha Beekeepers’ Association, PO Box 2005, Arusha. Tanzania. UK Women and Agricultural Development. 29 March - july 1993, University of Reading. Further details from: AERDD, University of Reading, Whiteknights Road, Reading, RG6 2AL, UK. IBRA Day 26 June 1993, Rothamsted Experimental Station. A one-day open day incorporating the 1993 IBRA annual general meeting
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Science Inter-Congress Secretariat.
MALAYSIA
20-26 September 1993, Beijing Internationa] Convention Centre. Further details from: Apimondia, General Secretariat, PO Box 69, 1-001 24. Rome Casal Palocco, Italy. Telex: 612533. Fax: 01 396 685 2286.
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8-13 August 1993, Bangalore.
and lectures
Ganeshaiah, Secretary, International Symposium on Pollination in the Tropics, Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, University of Agricultural Sciences, GKVK Campus, Bangalore 560 065, India. Telex: 8458393 UASKIN.
Further details from: IBRA, 18 North Road, Fax: O1 44 222 665522.
Further details from: Dr
K
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17-22 July 1994, Ramada University Hotel and Conference Center, Ohio. Further details fram. Secretary. IX International Congress of Acarology,
Acarology Laboratory, Museum of Biological Diversity, The Ohio State University, 1315 Kinnear Road, Columbus, OH 43212, USA.
of your event included here send details to the Editor. |
FOURTEEN
CardiffCFI 3DY, UK.
USA IX International Congress of Acarology
INDONESIA Asian Apicultural Association, 1994 meeting. For further information see AAA page ten. If you want d
VI Pacific Science
c/o Section of International Affairs. University of the Ryukyus, ]-Senbaru. Nishihara. Okinawa 903 01. japan. Telephone: 010 98 895 2221. Ext 2126/2027. Fax: OF 8198 895 6096.
CHINA
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Rainer Krell, Rome, Italy
JAPAN Second Asia-Pacific Conference of Entomology (APCE).
The XXXII International Apicultural Congress - Apimondia.
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LOOK AHEAD
9-17 April 1993, Universiti Brunei Darussalam. loint Conference of the Universiti Brunei Darussalam and the Royal Geographical Society. Further details from: Rainforest Conference Organiser, Registrar's Office. Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Bandar Seri Begawan 3186, Brunei Darussalam. Fax: 01 673 242 7003.
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further speed up the process. Double pane glass covers are unnecessary and only retard the whole process. Extra insulation beyond the three-quarters to half-inch wood box is not necessary for tropical climates except in cold mountain areas. A good size is about that of a Langstroth brood chamber or super. Small adjustments can be made if whole frames are to be processed and cleaned, though are rarely necessary. The colder the outside climate the larger and better insulated a solar extractor should be. 2. A metal grid (3. 6 or 8 mesh wire screen) should be placed 0.5 to cm above the metal tray. This will allow faster run off of the melted wax and thus compensate again for the smaller capacity. With these adjustments a small extractor actually has a higher capacity than larger models and is considerably cheaper (both timber and glass are very expensive). If you want to spend the money, build two, and you can even lend one to a friend!
Fax: 01 1614 292 7774.
