Expressions for Survival
日用基本句式
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Introduction 简 介
Expressions for Survival 日用基本句式 is a handbook that made for total beginner. In the handbook, there are, in total, 45 daily used expressions. Each expressions stated in Pinyin in one page while it English meaning stated on the following page so that the learner can understand the meaning at once. So it can be the handbook for the learner to cheat at the beginning.
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1. Nǐ hǎo! / Nín hǎo! 你 好! / 您 好!
>>>> Response
Nǐ hǎo!/ Nín hǎo! 你 好! / 您 好!
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1. Hello! / Hello! 你 好! / 您 好! >>>> Response
Hello! / Hello! 你 好! / 您 好!
Words: nǐ 你
you
nín 您
you (formal or respect form)
hǎo 好
good, well, nice, fine, ok, done
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2. Nǐ hǎo ma? 你 好 吗? >>>> Response
Wǒ hěn hǎo,xiè xiè。 Nǐ ne? 我 很 好, 谢 谢。 你 呢?
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2. How are you? 你 好 吗? >>>> Response
I am fine, thank you, and you? (…, how about you?) 我 很 好, 谢 谢。 你 呢?
Words: ma 吗
a question word (to form general questions)
hě n 很
very
xiè 谢
thanks
ne 呢
a question word (asking back for the same thing) Additional usage of “ne”: noun + ne? 名词 + 呢? Where is (noun, pronoun)
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3. Zǎo!/ Nǐ zǎo!/ Zǎo shàng hǎo!/ Zǎo ān! 早! / 你 早! / 早 上 好! / 早 安! >>>> Response
Zǎo!/ Nǐ zǎo!/ Zǎo shàng hǎo!/ Zǎo ān! 早! / 你 早! / 早 上 好! / 早 安!
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3. Good morning!(before 10 am) 早! / 你 早! / 早 上 好! / 早 安! >>>> Response
Good morning! (before 10 am) 早! / 你 早! / 早 上 好! / 早 安!
Words: zǎo 早
early, good morning (short form)
shàng 上
up
zǎo shàng 早 上
early morning
ān 安
peace, peaceful
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4. Zhōng wǔ hǎo! 中午好! >>>> Response
Zhōng wǔ hǎo! 中午好!
Xià wǔ hǎo! 下午好! >>>> Response
Xià wǔ hǎo! 下午好!
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4. Good noon ! 中午好! >>>> Response
Good noon! 中午好! Good afternoon! 下午好! >>>> Response
Good afternoon! 下午好! Words: wǔ 午
noon
shàng wǔ 上 午
morning (after 10 am till noon)
zhōng 中
middle
zhōng wǔ 中 午
noon time
xià 下
down
xià wǔ 下 午
afternoon
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5. Wǎn shàng hǎo! 晚 上 好!
/ Wǎn ān! 晚 安! >>>> Response
Wǎn shàng hǎo!/Wǎn ān! 晚 上 好! 晚 安!
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5. Good evening! 晚 上 好!
/ Good night! 晚 安! >>>> Response
Good evening. / Good night. 晚 上 好! 晚 安!
Words: wǎn 晚
late
wǎn shàng 晚 上
evening
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6. Xiè xiè! 谢 谢! >>>> Response
Bú (bì/yào) kèqi。/ bú xiè! 不 (必/要) 客气。 不谢!
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6. Thanks. 谢 谢! >>>> Response
You are welcome. 不 (必/要) 客气。
不谢!
Words: xiè 谢
thanks
bú 不
no, not
kèqi 客气
courtesy, politely
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7. Zài jiàn! 再 见 ! >>>> Response
Zài jiàn! 再 见!
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7. See (you) again! 再 见!
Good Bye!
>>>> Response
See (you) again! 再 见!
Good Bye!
Words: zài 再
again
jiàn 见
see, seeing
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8. Duì búqǐ! 对不起!
/
Bù hǎo yì si! 不 好 意 思!
>>>> Response
Méi guān xì。/Méi shi er。/ Méi wèn tí。 没 关 系! 没事儿! 没问题!
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8. I am sorry. / I am embarrassed. 对不起! 不 好 意 思! >>>> Response
没 关 系! / 没 事儿! / 没 问 题! It doesn’t matter. /Don’t worry. /No problem.
Words: duì búqǐ 对 不 起
I am sorry
yì si 意思
meaning, mean
méi 没
don’t have, no
guān xì
matter,relationship
关
系
shì er 事儿 wen tí 问 题
thing, matter problem
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9. Ní/nín jiào shénme (míngzì )? 你 / 您 叫 什 么 (名 字)? >>>> Response
Wǒ jiào … 我 叫… Wǒ shì …。 我 是…。
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9. What’s your name (You’re called what name)? 你/您 叫 什 么 (名 字)? >>>> Response
I am called… 我 叫… I am …. 我 是…。
Words: wǒ 我
I, me
jiào 叫
to be called
shì 是
am, is, are, to be
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10. Ní/nín guì xìng? 你/您 贵 姓?
Ní/nín xìng shénme? 你/您 姓 什 么? >>>> Response
Wǒ xìng …。 我 姓…
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10. May I know your (honorable) surname? What’s your (good) surname? 你/您 贵 姓? 你/您 姓 什 么?
>>>> Response
I am surnamed… 我 姓…。
Words: guì 贵
expensive, valuable, honorable
xìng 姓
surname
shénme 什 么
what
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11. Zhè shì shén me? 这 是 什 么? >>>> Response
Zhè shì … 这 是…。
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11. What is this? 这 是 什 么? >>>> Response
This is…. 这 是…。
Words: zhè 这
this
shì 是
am, is, are, to be
shénme 什 么
what
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12. Shì bú shì 是 不 是? >>>> Response
Shì。 是 。
Bú shì! 不是!
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12.
Yes or no? 是 不 是? >>>> Response
Yes。 是 。 No! 不是!
Words: shì 对
yes, right
bú 不
not, no
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13. Duì bú duì ? 对 不 对? >>>> Response
Duì(le)。 对(了) 。
Bú duì! 不对!
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13. Is it correct? 对 不 对? >>>> Response
It’s correct / right. 对(了) 。 It’s not correct/right. 不对!
Words: duì 对
right, correct
bú 不
not, no
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14. Nǐ zhī dào … ma ? 你 知 道 … 吗? >>>> Response
Wǒ bú zhīdào。 我 不 知道。
Wǒ zhīdào。 我 知道。
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14. Do you know …? 你 知 道 … 吗? >>>> Response
I don’t know. 我 不 知道。 I know it. 我 知道。
Words: zhī 知
know
zhī dào 知 道
know
bú 不
not, no
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15. Nǐ míngbái/dǒng ma ? 你 明白/懂 吗? >>>> Response
Wǒ míngbái/dǒng。 我 明白/懂。
Wǒ bú míngbái/dǒng。 我 不 明白 / 懂。
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15. Do you understand …? 你 明白 吗?
>>>> Response
I understand. 我 明白/懂。 I don’t understand. 我 不 明白/懂。
Words: míng bái 明 白
understand
bái 白
white
dǒng 懂
understand
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16. (Wǒ) wàng (jì) le。 (我) 忘 (记) 了。
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16. I forgot. (我) 忘(记) 了。
Words: wàng 忘
forgot
jì 记
remember
wàng jì 忘 记
forgot
le 了
structure word
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17. Nǐ xǐ huan shén me ? 你喜欢什么? >>>> Response
Wǒ xí huan ... 我 喜 欢… 。
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17. What do you like? 你喜欢什么? >>>> Response
I like ... 我喜欢… 。
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18. Nǐ yào shénme ? 你 要 什么? >>>> Response
Wǒ yào (demand, request) … 我 要… Wǒbú yào (demand, request) … 我 不 要…
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18. What do you want to have? 你 要 什么? >>>> Response
I want… 我 要… I don’t want… 我 不 要…
Words: yào 要
want
shénme 什 么
what
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19. Nǐ xiǎng yào shén me ? 你 想 要 什 么 >>>> Response
(politely) Wǒ (xiǎng /bù xiǎng) yào… 我 (想 / 不想) 要…
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19. What would you want to have? 你 想 要 什 么? >>>> Response
I would like (not) to have… 我 (想 / 不 想) 要…
Words: xiǎng 想
want, miss, think, wish
bù xiǎng 不 想
don’t want, don’t think
bù xiǎng yào 不 想 要
do not want to have
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20. Nǐ yǒu ma ? / (Nǐ) Yǒu méiyǒu …? 你有...吗? / (你) 有没有…? >>>> Response
(Wǒ) yǒu..。 我 有…。 (Wǒ) Méiyǒu...。 我 没 有…。
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20. Do you have...? 你有...吗? >>>> Response
I have…. 我 有…。 I don’t have…. 我 没 有…。
Words: yǒu 有
have, has
méi yǒu 没 有
don’t have, doesn’t have
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21. …(shì) shénme yì sī ? …(是) 什 么 意思?
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21. …What does … mean? (是) 什 么 意思?
Words: shénme 什 么
What
yì sī 意思
meaning, mean
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22. …(Pǔtōnghuà/ Hànyǔ) zěn me shuō? …(普通话/汉语) 怎么 说?
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22.…How to say… (in Chinese)? (普通话 汉语) 怎么 说?
Words: pǔtōng 普通
general
huà 话
talk, language
pǔtōnghuà 普 通 话
Chinese (standard dialect)
hànyǔ 汉 语
Chinese language
zěn me 怎么
how
shuō 说
say, speak, talk
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23. Qǐng + verb (action word) +...。 请 + 动词 + …
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23. Please + Verb + … 请 + 动词 + … 。
Words: qǐng 请
please, treat, invite
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24. Qǐng wèn, … ? 请 问, …?
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24. (When you ask stranger questions) Excuse me, may I ask …? 请 问, …?
Words: wèn 问
ask
qǐng wèn 请 问
May I ask
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25. Duì bù qǐ,dǎ rǎo yí xià。 对 不 起, 打 扰 一 下。
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25. Excuse me. (When you disturb others) 对 不 起, 打 扰 一 下。
Words: dǎ 打
hit, play
dǎ rǎo 打 扰
disturb
yí 一
one
yí xià 一 下
a bit
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26. Jiè jiè。/Jiè yī jiè。/Ràng yi ràng。 借 借。 借 一 借。 让一让。
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26. Excuse me. (When you pass a crowd) 借 借。 借 一 借。 让一让。
Words: jiè 借
borrow
ràng 让
let
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27. Qǐng zài shuō yī biàn/cì。 请 再 说 一 遍 次。
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27. Please say it again. 请 再 说 一 遍
次。
Words: qǐng 请
please + verb, treat, invite
shuō 说
say, speak, talk
biàn/cì 遍 /次
times
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28. … zài nǎr/Nǎlǐ? … 在 哪儿/哪里?
OR
Nǎr/Nǎlǐ shì/yǒu…? 哪儿/哪里 是/有… ?
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28.Where is … ? … 在 哪儿/哪里?
OR
哪儿/哪里 是/有… ?
Words: zài 在
be, in, on, at
nǎ 哪
where
er 儿
“er” sound, son
lǐ 里
in, inside
nǎr/nǎlǐ? 哪儿/哪里
where
Compare with “ne 呢”: noun + ne? 名词 + 呢? Where is (noun, pronoun).
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29. …zěn me qù/zǒu ? …怎 么 去/走?
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29.How can I get to …? …怎 么 去/走?
Words: qù 去
go
zǒu 走
go, walk
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30. Shénme shìr?/Zěnme le? 什么事(儿) ? 怎 么 了?
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30. What’s up? /What’s the matter? / What’s going on? / What’s happening? / What happened? 什么事(儿) ? 怎 么 了?
Words: shénme 什 么
what
shì 事
matter, things
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31. Duō shǎo qián? 多少钱?
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31. How much (money)? 多少钱?
Words: duō shǎo 多 少
how much, how many
qián 钱
money
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32. Bú yào …! / Bié …! 不 要…! 别…!
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32.No… 不 要…!
Don’t… 别…!
Words: bú 不
not, no
yào 要
want
bié 别
don’t
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33. Bú yào/yòng dānxīn ! 不 要/用 担心!
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33. Don’t worry! No need to worry about it. 不 要/用 担心!
Words: yòng 用
use
dān 担
carry
xīn 心
heart
dānxīn 担心
worry
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34. Wǒ kě bú kěyǐ…? 我 可 不 可以…. ?
/
Wǒ kěyǐ… ma? 我 可以 … 吗?
>>>> Response
Kěyǐ。 可 以
Bú kěyǐ。 不 可以
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34. May I …? 我 可 不 可以…. ?
/ 我 可以 … 吗? >>>> Response
Yes, …. 可 以。 No, you can’t 不 可以。
Words: kě 可
can
yǐ 以
by
kěyǐ 可以
can
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35. Nín/Nǐ kě bú kěyǐ…? OR Nín/Nǐ kěyǐ…ma? 您 / 你 可 不 可以…? 您 / 你 可以… 吗? >>>> Response
Hǎo. / kě yǐ。 好。/ 可以。
Bú hǎo。/ Bú kě yǐ 不好。/ 不 可 以。
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35. Will/Can you …, please? 您/你 可 不 可以…? 您/你 可以… 吗?
>>>> Response
Yes, of course. 好。 可以。 No, I can’t 不好。 不 可 以。
Words: kěyǐ 可以
can
ma 吗
a question word (to form general questions)
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36. Nǐ huì bú huì…? 你 会 不 会 …?
OR
Nǐ huì … ma? 你 会 …吗?
>>>> Response
Huì。 会。
Bú huì。 不会。
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36. Are you able to …? (Asking the ability) Will you possibly to…? (Asking the possibility) 你 会 不 会 …? 你 会 …吗? >>>> Response
Yes, I can. 会。 No, I can’t. 不 会。
Words: huì 会
can,
bú huì 不 会
can’t
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37. …, hǎo ma? /…, hǎo bu hǎo? / …, zěn me yàng? ...好吗? ...好不好? ...怎么样? >>>> Response
Hǎo。/ Bù hǎo。/ Mǎmǎ huhǔ。/ Yì bān。 好。 不好。 马马虎虎。一般。
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37. How is …? ...好吗?
...好不好?
...怎么样?
>>>> Response
It’s fine. / No. / So so. / It’s normal. 好。 不好。 马马虎虎。 一般。
Words: zěn me 怎 么
how
yàng 样
kind, type
mǎ 马
horse
hǔ 虎
tiger
mǎ hu 马虎
careless
yì bān 一般
normal, ordinary
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38. …, hǎo ma? /…, hǎo bu hǎo? /…, zěn me yàng? …, 好吗? …, 好不好? …, 怎么样? >>>> Response
Hǎo (a) ! 好(啊)。
/
Méi wèn tí. / Ké yi 没问题。 可以。
Bù hǎo./Bú yào (le / ba) 不好。 不 要 (了,吧)!
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38. Is it ok if we…? / How about we…? …, 好吗? …, 好不好? …, 怎么样? >>>> Response
Sure. / No problem. / I am ok for it. 好(啊)。 没问题。 可 以。 No good. / No, I don’t want. 不好。 不 要 (了 / 吧)!
Words: méi (yǒu) 没(有)
don’t have
wèn tí 问题
problem, question
ké yi 可 以
can, ok
Le 了
tone softener
ba 吧
tone softener
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39. Hǎo le ma? 好了吗? >>>> Response
Hǎo le! 好了! (Hái)Méi hǎo ! (还) 没 好!
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39. Is it done? /Are you finished? /Have you done? 好了吗? >>>> Response
It’s done / finished. 好了! Not done yet. (还) 没 好!
Haven’t
Words: hǎo 好
good, well, nice, fine, ok, done
hái 还
also
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40. Zuò wán le ma! 做完了吗? >>>> Response
Zuò wán le! 做完了!
Méi you! (还) 没有!
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40. Have you done?/Are you finished? 做完了吗?
>>>> Response
It’s done / finished. 做完了! Not done yet. (还) 没 有!
Haven’t
Words: wán 完
complete, done
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41. (Nǐ) zuì hǎo zhè yàng! (你) 最好这样。
(Nǐ) zuì hǎo bú yào zhè yàng! (你) 最好 不要 这样!
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41. You’d better doing this way. (你) 最好这样。
You’d better not doing this way. (你) 最好不要这样!
Words: zuì 最
most, best
zuì hǎo 最 好
‘d better, the best
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42. Suàn le (ba) ! 算了 (吧) !
‘
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42. Just leave it. / Let’s forget it. / Never mind. 算 了 (吧) !
Words: suàn 算
calculate
le 了
tone softener
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43. Shàng kè! 上 课!
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43. Class begins! / have lesson / attend lesson 上 课!
Words: shàng 上
kè 课
up, going up, attend For example: shàng chē 上车 going up car shàng bān 上班 go to work shàng kè 上课 attend class class, lesson
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44. Xià kè! 下 课!
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44. Class is over! / Lesson is finished. 下 课!
Words: kè 课
class, lesson
xià 下
down, going up, finish For example: xià chē 下车 going up car xià bān 下班 finish work xià kè 下课 finish class
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45. Tone expressions in Chinese a. tone softener:
ne 呢 le 了 ba 吧 ma 嘛
b. tone in exclamation: a 啊 ai ya 哎呀 wa 哇 yi 咦 tiān nǎ 天哪
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