Belarus (magazine #2 2016) by BELARUS Magazine

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No.2 (989), 2016 Беларусь. Belarus

belarus www.belarus-magazine.by

Politics, Economy, Culture

Tasty points on the map

Open Joint-Stock Company

“Plant “Optic”

OJSC “Plant “Optic” is the largest optical company founded in 1970. Over the years the plant has established a reputation as a reliable manufacturer and supplier of high quality optical details. The Quality Management System is functioned in the company in conformity with the requirements of the standard ISO 9001:2008. The main kinds of products: • mineral spectacle lenses for corrective eye glasses: single vision stigmatic, single vision astigmatic, with anti-sun and anti-computer coatings; • optical details for medical, military, scientific, electronic devices: lenses, prisms, mirrors, plates, tubes, rods; • fiber optics for optoelectronic devices of different purposes, night vision devices: faceplates and elements, tapers, lighting bundles; • laser active elements from single crystals of potassium gadolinium tungstate doped with neodymium ions (Nd:KGW); • demonstration sets on physics for educational organizations; • three- and four-mirrors diagnostic ophthalmological lenses. Besides, we manufacture magnifiers, compressors for trichinascopes, souvenirs.

231300, Lida, 10, Masherov str., Grodno Region, the Republic of Belarus tel.: +375 154 54 57 98,54 57 88, 54 57 86. fax: +375 154 54 78 46 optic@mail.lida.by www.opticlida.by

contents

Беларусь.Belarus Monthly magazine No. 2 (989), 2016 Published since 1930

Effect of joint action

State Registration Certificate of mass medium No.8 dated March 2nd, 2009, issued by the Ministry of Information of the Republic of Belarus

Founders: The Ministry of Information of the Republic of Belarus “SB” newspaper editorial office Belvnesheconombank Editor: Viktor Kharkov Executive Secretary: Valentina Zhdanovich

Design and Layout by

Minsk points the way towards peace

Robot becomes human

Under the conditions of the new reality In 2016, security, economic diversifi-

We visited many places and saw much A narrative about things that re-

The EAEU: summary of growth

How Belarusians mastered Turkmen language

Andrey’s snowmen International proj-

cation and the enhancement of Belarus’ status as a peacemaker will be a key aim

main out of sight for journalists, going behind the country’s facade as part of official delegations and press-tours

11 14

Eloquent symbol

Everything is based on a comparison SME Policy Index: Eastern Partner Countries 2016 — Assessing the Implementation of the Small Business Act for Europe report presented in Minsk

16 26

ect launches in Gomel to help young cancer sufferers

Eduard Zaritsky: ‘Able to enjoy others’ success and envy no-one’ Popular composer Eduard Zaritsky has recently celebrated his 70th jubilee but never stops learning. Recently, he chaired the Young Talents of Belarus 5th artistic radio contest which — as the composer admits — was a kind of polishing of his personal professionalism

ABC of knowledge Belarusian Gordei

Khomich named best teacher of language and literature among representatives of 60 countries

беларусь.belarus 2016

Беларусь.Belarus is published in Belarusian, English, Spanish and Polish. Distributed in 50 countries of the world. Final responsibility for factual accuracy or interpretation rests with the authors of the publications. Should any article of Беларусь.Belarus be used, the reference to the magazine is obligatory. The magazine does not bear responsibility for the contents of advertisements.

Publisher: “SB” editorial office This magazine has been printed at State Entertainment “Publishers “Belarus Printing House”. 79 Nezavisimosti Ave., Minsk, Belarus, 220013 Order No. 384 Total circulation — 1982 copies (including 790 in English).

Write us to the address: 11 Kiselyov Str., Minsk, Belarus, 220029. Tel.: +375 (17) 290-62-24, 290-66-45. Tel./Fax: +375 (17) 290-68-31. www.belarus-magazine.by E-mail: belmag@sb.by Subscription index in Belpochta catalogue — 74977

Features of the information age Despite

popular opinion, the Internet is not the most popular information source

Vadim Kondrashov Nadezhda Ponkratova

“Heritage of Belarus” — TO BE CONTINUED…

For future foreign subscribers for ‘Belarus’ magazine, apply to ‘MK-Periodica’ agency. E-mail: info@periodicals.ru Telephone in Minsk: +375 (17) 227-09-10.

Editor’s NOTE

Prioritisation is essential

‘B

etter a bad peace than a good quarrel…’ This expression is never likely to lose its significance, unless military conflict becomes a thing of the past… All aspirations towards peace are welcome. In this context, the Minsk Agreements on settling military confrontation in Ukraine are a good example. A year ago, the Minsk Agreements were signed as a starting point to settling the conflict in Ukraine. A sleepless night occurred in Minsk, with heads of European states Angela Merkel, François Hollande, Vladimir Putin and Petro Poroshenko making history. There have been various assessments of the Minsk process; regardless of the tone, participants of the conflict and observers coincide in their belief that there is no alternative to this mechanism of settlement. One year on, Minsk has been again the meeting place for ‘Normandy Four’ experts, with analysts, politologists and representatives of research centres and political funds, from Russia, Ukraine, Germany and France, gathering for the international conference, Minsk Dialogue, to discuss achievements and future challenges. Minsk Points the Way Towards Peace explores this topic. Time runs on, with two months of the new year already behind us. Of course, some steps have been taken, but analysts continue their work, with security, diversification of the economy and the enhancement of our status as a peacekeeper remaining key aspects for Belarusian foreign policy in 2016. In the context of Russian-Belarusian relations, special attention will be paid to jointly overcoming the crisis faced by our two economies, especially against the background of a worsening foreign economic market environment and a drop in world oil prices. Minsk and Moscow plan to implement a package of anti-crisis measures as part of the Union State. Experts believe that the major risks for Belarus lie in the economic sphere, so this year’s top task for official Minsk is to diversify sales markets for Belarusian goods as widely as possible. Marketing departments of enterprise-exporters will

concentrate efforts on this, as will the Chamber of Commerce and Industry and the Foreign Ministry. Moreover, this year, the state plans to reform and modernize the economy, aiming to raise the inflow of foreign investments and technologies. Belarus is facing a difficult period in the world of politics and trade, despite having considerably increased its status regionally via its peace-making efforts. Having hosted negotiations over the Ukrainian crisis, offering a neutral military-political position, it has earned a reputation as a pragmatic peacemaker and will continue its work in this sphere through 2016. New approaches are required and Minsk is keen to intensify its economic interaction with western countries. In this respect, the new agreement on partnership and co-operation between Belarus and the EU is a promising step and won’t be to the detriment of our obligations as part of the EAEU (which remains a major foreign political and economic priority for Belarus). Minsk hopes that its EAEU partners will take a more serious attitude towards the anti-crisis plan being proposed by Belarus, which chaired this integration structure last year. Moreover, Belarus also pins great hopes on participation in the Chinese initiative of the Economic Belt Silk Road. After the visit to Belarus by China’s President, Xi Jinping, last May, our country was given a strategic role in implementing this major project in Eastern Europe. Meanwhile, the ‘integration of integrations’ idea remains acute for the Belarusian foreign political agenda. Belarus will build its relations with other integration structures and solve acute problems, including within the RussiaUkraine-EU triangle. Co-operation, rather than confrontation, is the way forward to a successful outcome regarding the crises being faced by many countries.

By Victor Kharkov

2016 беларусь.belarus

panorama The development of innovative activity in the country has not gone unnoticed amongst the global community: Belarus has enhanced its position in five international ratings. Last year, it occupied the 14th position in the index of information communication technology and the 15th in the field of new knowledge. As regards scientific innovations, Belarus has risen from the 78th to the 53rd place in the space of five years.

he establishment of an innovative production infrastructure, a task set for the years ahead, is expected to enhance GDP research intensity and improve our position even further in the world tables. There will be a focus on production of the 5th and the 6th technological levels which are known for the much lower consumption of energy and materials. At the moment, there are only 7.7 percent of such facilities in the country, while around 25 percent still use the 1st-the 3rd level technology. According to the Chairman of the State Committee for Science and Technology, Alexander Shumilin, science is making its contribution to economic development. From 2010-2015, the production volume of new products reached around $10bln. In turn, exports of these new developments, including four-axis trailers, a system for the non-destructive laser testing of materials and a fodder processing device, brought almost $600mln into the country. Development is planned for the areas which are demonstrating sustainable growth in sales markets: information communication, chemical pharmaceutical and biotechnology industries, robot machinery, production automation, nano-technology, the production of medical devices and equipment, wood processing and forest chemistry.

беларусь.belarus 2016

Alexander Ruzhechka

 Moving up the ratings

 Demography as it is

Vitebsk Region

1193,6 As of early 2016, the Republic’s population was recorded as 9,499,000 people: Minsk city up 17,900 on last year. The city of 1959,9 Mogilev Minsk boasts 1,960,000 Region Grodno residents (20 percent of 1067,7 Minsk Region the country’s total) while Region 1050,2 Gomel Region is home to 1417,4 every seventh resident of Brest Region the Republic (making Gomel Region 1387,0 it the most populated 1422,9 region). Mogilev and Grodno Regions are least populated, with just over The number of population by regions 1mln people each. The number of urban and rural population as of January 1, 2016 (in percent) Brest Region

69,8

30,2

Vitebsk Region

76,8

23,2

Gomel Region

76,8

23,2

Grodno Region

74,3

25,7

Minsk Region

56,6

43,4

Mogilev Region

79,6

20,4

and Minsk city as of January 1, 2016 (thous. people)

hree quarters of Belarus’ population live in urban settlements. In 2015, their number rose by 45,400, to reach 7.37 million, with the largest rise in Minsk (up 21,600). The rural population stood at 2,128,000 in 2015, or 22.4 percent of the total, with most living in Minsk Region (43.4 percent) and Mogilev Region being home to the smallest percentage (20.4 percent). Around 70 percent of rural dwellers are to be found in Mogilev Region’s Dribin District and in Grodno Region’s Voronovo District.

GEOPOLICY

Alexander Lukashenko:

Belta

Issues of war and peace usually take months and years to solve, while here we’ve managed to agree a ceasefire within 15 hours

In February 2015 Minsk Agreements were signed as a starting point to settling the conflict in Ukraine. A sleepless night occurred in Minsk, with heads of European states Angela Merkel, François Hollande, Vladimir Putin and Petro Poroshenko making history. There have been various assessments of the Minsk process; regardless of the tone, participants of the conflict and observers coincide in their belief that there is no alternative to this mechanism of settlement.

Minsk has become a symbol of peace.

Ban Ki-moon

Minsk Agreements on Ukraine should be observed, being viewed by Moscow as part of international legislation

There’s now a real chance that things will improve.

Angela Merkel

We have serious hope, which is a great relief for Europe.

François Hollande

The vital thing is that an unconditional and overall ceasefire should be declared.

This is the only way to achieve peace in Ukraine.

Federica Mogherini

Petro Poroshenko

Vladimir Putin

2016 беларусь.belarus

GEOPOLICY

Minsk points the way towards peace This February Minsk has been again the meeting place for ‘Normandy Four’ experts, with analysts, politologists and representatives of research centres and political funds, from Russia, Ukraine, Germany and France, gathering for the international conference, Minsk Dialogue. Discussing achievements and future challenges, they have announced that, despite peace being some way off, as critics like to announce, Minsk-2 has brought a lessening of conflict. Even a little is much when human lives are involved.

he Special Representative of the OSCE Chairperson-in-Office in the trilateral contact group on Ukraine, Martin Sajdik, comments, “There has been a considerable drop in the number of victims, particularly among the civil population. This is an important success.” The Minsk Agreements have the example of Syria before them, where peace and security have failed to be achieved, despite Geneva’s efforts. Germany’s Wolfgang Sender noted the need to re-assess Minsk’s role as ha ving the greater ‘political capital intensity’. He emphasised that we should look at the broader picture, since the conflict in Ukraine reflects wider confrontation. From as far north as the Arctic, through the Baltic States, down to Ukraine and Moldova and then to Syria, all spheres need to be tackled, including economic and social. The field of conflict is expanding, while the West and the East

беларусь.belarus 2016

have lost platforms for negotiations. Accordingly, there are fewer opportunities to solve problems. Mr. Sender notes Belarus’ place as a focus of international attention following ‘Minsk-2’, which showed how the East and the West can successfully resolve conflict, with Belarus as a platform and a participant of negotiations. Why is Belarus attractive as a venue to settle conflict? Mr. Sender believes that Belarus is viewed as neutral territory, allowing it to act as a ‘go-between for West and East. As a sovereign and independent state, Belarus may act as it wishes. Secondly, Minsk understands the regional context and knows how to interact with the West and the East. Thirdly, Belarus is keen to resolve the conflict in eastern Ukraine, inspired by its own eagerness to preserve regional security. Belarus has suffered from sanctions (aimed at Russia) despite not taking sides in the conflict. According to European observers, Minsk has done much to expand its

influence, with ‘Minsk-2’ as a cornerstone. For the first time, Belarus is being referred to as a ‘soft power’, showing its ability to achieve results via voluntary participation and attractive diplomacy. The West is reacting positively, since contemporary Europe despe rately lacks such diplomacy. Mr. Sender would like to see the West aid Belarus economically, to help it concentrate efforts on peaceful diplomacy. It’s necessary to remove sanctions in order to improve trust. Speaking to me, Mr. Sender said that a new horizon is opening before us. If the West can make a good proposal to Belarus, without attempting to include our country in geopolitical games, Minsk could become a new Vienna, Geneva or Helsinki, being situated bet ween two major powers. Decisions have been adopted in Minsk which have improved the political background of Europe. No other country can boast the understanding and trust of Russia. By Nina Romanova

PERSPECTIVES

Under the conditions of the new reality In 2016, security, economic diversification and the enhancement of Belarus’ status as a peacemaker will be a key aim Impossible is nothing

In the context of Russian-Belarusian relations, special attention will be paid to jointly overcoming the crisis situations which our economy faced, especially against the background of the unsettled foreign economic market and falling oil prices. Minsk and Moscow consequently plan to implement a package of anti-crisis measures as part of the Union State. The Belarusian side is ready to take a direct part in Russia’s import substitution programmes. At present, Belarus’ major risks are in the economic sphere. With this in mind, Minsk primarily aims to diversify the sales markets of Belarusian produce as much as possible. These are the goals of the exporting firms’ marketing departments, Belarus’ Chamber of Commerce and Industry and the Foreign Ministry. Moreover, this year, the state will focus on economic reformation and modernization. Only in this case, will it be possible to enhance the inflow of foreign investments and technologies.

Negotiation venue Belarus begins 2016 — which is not straightforward as far as the global economy and politics are concerned — as a state which has significantly increased its regional influence and significance. This was helped by Minsk’s peacemaking efforts in organising a negotiation venue to find ways to settle the Ukrainian crisis and the country’s neutral military-politi-

cal position which it is expected to maintain in the coming year. The Belarusian leadership has already announced its readiness to act as a mediator in settling the Russian-Turkish conflict caused due to the shooting down of a Russian Su24 bomber aircraft. Minsk believes it has valuable experience of organizing similar talks: i.e. in the format of the Customs Union, Ukrainian crisis and the EU summit in summer 2014. Last year, the EU suspended economic and political sanctions on Belarus until late February, while the USA froze economic restrictions until late April 2016. Russia experiences a tough period in relations with some western states and institutions and, with this in mind, it would probably need the Belarusian ‘sanction’ experience. The Russian delegation has decided not to attend the first session of the Council of Europe’s Parliamentary Assembly, in Strasbourg. In turn, the status of a PACE specially invited member has not yet been returned to the Belarusian delegation. New situations require new institutional approaches in relations with western states and, in general, Minsk is interested in strengthening economic interaction with the West. In this respect, the development of a new agreement on partnership and co-operation (taking into consideration our country’s membership with the Eurasian Economic Union) seems a promising step. These will not damage Belarus’ obligations within the Eurasian Economic Union, which

still remains a major foreign political and economic priority for Belarus.

EU partners Minsk hopes that its Eurasian Economic Union partners will treat an anticrisis plan proposed by Belarus seriously. Belarus insists not only on the immediate elimination of all restrictions and withdrawals in mutual trade between the Eurasian Economic Union’s participants, but also on the strengthening of industrial co-operation and co-ordination of policy in other economic spheres. Belarus also places much hope on participation in the Silk Road Economic Belt. After the Chinese Chairman — Xi Jinping — visited Minsk last May, our country received a strategic role in the implementation of this large scale project in Eastern Europe. Moreover, the Chinese-Belarusian Great Stone Industrial Park is a key cooperative project. These factors encourage the Belarusian authorities to pay special attention to measures aimed at improving the business climate in the country. The idea of ‘integration of integrations’ remains topical for the Belarusian foreign political agenda. In this context, Belarus will build its relations with other integration establishments — while sol ving acute problems, including as part of the Russia-Ukraine-EU triangle. Successfully overcoming crises relies on cooperation rather than confrontation. By Arseny Sivitsky, Director of Centre for Strategic and Foreign Policy Studies

2016 беларусь.belarus

PERSPECTIVES

The EAEU: summary of growth

беларусь.belarus 2016

As regards Kyrgyzstan, it depends greatly not only upon Russia but upon neighbouring Kazakhstan. The country has received a double blow but — even under present conditions — its economy is demonstrating slow growth. Ex-

perts lack optimism though, warning that Kyrgyzstan’s state debt may exceed 60 percent of GDP in 2016. Another EAEU member — Armenia — could face a similar problem, with its state debt reaching perhaps 50

How the EAEU will develop Rise in inflation

-3,2%

14,4 %

0,3%

8,4 %

1,2%

1,3%

5,7 % Nadezhda Ponkratova

2016

2015

GDP growth

2017

t’s been impossible to distance yourself from anti-Russian sanctions, trade or currency wars; every side has been affected. Belarus is now experiencing the largest (in several decades) devaluation of its currency and, consequently, reduced salary value. Companies are more often addressing state support, while warehouses are overfilled with goods, lacking markets. Under these conditions, the country is making efforts to diversify its exports but the situation in other states — including Europe and China — is no better. Belarus is failing, so far, to bridge the gap which has emerged as a result of losses on the Russian market. Similar problems in Kazakhstan are supplemented by the fact that the country is a hydrocarbon supplier; as in Russia, its budget depends on oil prices. Astana has not dared devalue its Tenge for a long time; as a result, the country’s reserves fell by 10 percent in 2015. Because of the expensive Tenge, Kazakh products began losing out on the EAEU market and, last August, the authorities launched ‘free sailing’ on its currency. As a result, it devalued by 26 percent within a few hours.

2018

Success of co-operation with Eurasian Economic Union member states

5,2 %

PERSPECTIVES

Expert opinion

No need to repeat Eurozone mistakes  Alexander Gusev, the Head of the CIS Strategic Development Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences’ Institute of Europe: In 2016, Nursultan Nazarbayev will head the EAEU. Despite sanctions against Russia, Kazakhstan appreciates the prospects of Union development. Mr. Nazarbayev does not view the EAEU as a closed structure and believes prospects exist for Union co-operation with SCO states. The Western direction is of no less importance for Belarus and the EAEU members should make better use of Belarus’ position as a gateway to Europe. We’re now studying how best to establish supranational management bodies. The Eurasian Economic Commission will continue its operation in Moscow, while the Centre of Financial Regulation will be situated in Astana and Minsk will have the Eurasian Court. As regards the single currency, it’s too early to speak of. We see how the Eurozone is suffering and we need not repeat its mistakes. Meanwhile, we should more actively use national currencies in mutual payments.  Vladimir Telnov, the Deputy Director of the Institute of Public Policy under the Nur Otan Party (Kazakhstan): Kazakhstan believes that conditions are now being created for economic strengthening of Eurasia’s economic centre. However, this will not happen from scratch: major projects are needed. The EAEU and Silk Road Economic Belt integration is being discussed, and Kazakhstan already boasts major experience of co-operation with China. An agreement has been made to shift several dozen companies to our country from China. Clearly, the Chinese wish not only to lay a road to the West but to build an economic belt. Services accounts for over a half of the EU’s GDP. Meanwhile, this direction is underdeveloped in the EAEU. It requires fewer expenses than development of major productions. The sphere of services is one of the hidden reserves of our development.  Ashot Tavadyan, the Head of Mathematic Modelling in Economy Department at Armenia’s State Economic University: The EAEU agreement reads that we must co-ordinate our monetary-credit and currency policy. If we fail to fulfil this provision, the situation will worsen. Think of how the Rouble exchange rate has halved against the Dollar. Meanwhile, Kazakhstan delayed its devaluation. A single currency strategy is much needed. Many complain of falling trade within the EAEU but losses would be even greater if no Union existed. Under crisis conditions, Russia would have closed its borders to support its producers.

percent of GDP this year. In 2015, the country’s exports failed to grow, due to the economic crisis observed in the CIS and globally. The flow of money being transferred from people employed in Russia also fell. The Eurasian ‘five’ are now voicing qualms as to whether the EAEU should have been established, as it is experiencing problems. Some assert that the Union’s results are sad, despite it only operating for a year: trade is falling, there is no single currency and the service sphere lacks cohesion. The CIS unites 11 members, rather than five. Commonwealth countries which are not the EAEU members have faced similar problems while those ignoring the EAEU have failed to become richer. The EAEU is not a panacea for the crisis, which has affected every nation, but is an instrument of regulation. It’s easier to agree within the Eurasian Economic Commission and, accordingly, to find solutions.

Objectives to be achieved Tatiana Valo vaya, a member of the Collegium on Eurasian Economic Commission’s Major Ave nues of Integration and Macroeconomics: We need to continue strengthening our integration. Mutual trade within the EAEU has fallen but the fall is, at least, smaller than that with third countries. The structure of trade is improving and turnover in industrial, agricultural and consumer products is growing. We’re now more fully satisfying our production needs, and our main goal for 2016 is to form a single pharmaceutical market. Another task is to establish a single system of information exchange on products supplied to the EAEU. We also need to strengthen co-operation in the field of macroeconomic policy. At present, not only our traditional partners but business communities in South

2016 беларусь.belarus

PERSPECTIVES and North America, Asia and Africa are demonstrating great interest in our Union. Businesses can see the value of joining a single economic space, without barriers.

Need to shift to domestic currencies Vasily Tarasyuk, a member of the Parliamentary Assembly’s Commission for Legislation and Regulations, speaks of the EAEU priorities in 2016: For what are Eurasian Economic Union member states preparing? We must keep the balance between the Union’s interests and those of its member states. Key tasks include coordinating monetary and foreign currency policies and increasing domestic trade volumes. To achieve this, supranational bodies need to be established: of the Eurasian Economic Commission in Moscow; of the Centre of Financial Regulation in Almaty; and of the Eurasian Court in Minsk. It’s also necessary to take into consideration the mistakes and failures which such associations have experienced in the past. To cut economic risk, the EAEU experts recommend shifting to domestic currencies for mutual payments. Moreover, this is envisaged by article 64 of the Eurasian Economic Union agreement. This move should strengthen the national currencies of member states, while enhancing trust in them on the domestic market of each state and the international market. It’s important to create a common energy market, to reduce electricity expenditure and the GDP energy intensity of EAEU members. What role does the opening of the Asian Development Bank in China play? Chinese investors lead

беларусь.belarus 2016

Optimistic view

China and India eager to trade with us  Yelena Kuzmina, the Head of the Post-Soviet States’ Economic Development Department at the Russian Academy of Sciences’ Institute of Economics: For the Union to be more sustainable, it must at least double domestic trade, by focusing on domestic production. Pleasingly, in 2015, we signed documents to create a technological platform for the EAEU, supporting innovative manufacturing. Happily, Kazakhstan has joined the WTO (having previously been a suspended state). In 2015, the country worked hard to meet the norms and regulations of the WTO and the EAEU. There were plenty of contradictions but most were lifted. Turnover has retained its volume, although has fallen significantly in Dollar value. It’s great that the EAEU states focus not only on Russia but on making the most of each member’s potential. For example, Belarus has set up assembly facilities for its agricultural machinery in Kazakhstan, while the latter uses Belarus’ transport infrastructure to gain access to Europe. We need to create a common market for electricity as soon as possible. However, the interests of various corporations need to be taken into account. Some journalists say that the EAEU is an invented union but the eagerness of China, India, Iran and Israel to build a free trade zone within the EAEU speaks for itself. They see its potential.

in terms of direct investments into EAEU states. The opening of the Asian Development Bank will strengthen this co-operation further, especially in the sphere of energy resources and electricity. Meanwhile, the role of other states should

not be underestimated. Japanese and South Korean corporations are demonstrating great interest in the EAEU’s machine building complex — which boasts $2bn of accumulated direct investments. Co-operation with Iran is also progressing, with investments registered in the spheres of construction, infrastructure and transport. Not long ago, the first agreement on a free trade zone with Vietnam was signed, and talks with Israel are underway. By Nina Vasilieva

IMAGE IS EVERYTHING

Favourable place to live

Dozens of people gather at Minsk President Hotel’s Round Hall to watch short video, seeing the country through professionals’ eyes: warm, open and sincere

round three decades ago, American President Regan watched the Soviet Oscar-winning film Moscow Does not Believe in Tears around eight times, just before his first meeting with the USSR leader. He wanted to understand the mysteries of the ‘Russian soul’. Today, you can gain understanding of our modern and independent country by perusing a simple five minute video, entitled Belarus: Country to Live. Highly artistic, it boasts vivid images of famous Minsk views and monuments of Belarusian architecture, shot from above, showing the beauty of nature and smiling faces, of all ages, and from all walks of life.

Director Valery Kravchuk tells us, “Our task was to shoot a film able to evoke emotion, and it seems that we’ve succeeded. Of course, audiences will give their verdict.” His colleague, Vladimir Popov, adds, “This is the first project of its kind made fully by Belarusians. We now boast our own first national image project.” The video should create recognition for the country worldwide. Results are already evident, although shooting such highly artistic country-related videos is always risky, since tastes vary widely. In fact, the reality has exceeded expectations. The Information Ministry, which organised the project, did well, as Minister Lilia Ananich emphasizes. She notes, “Foreign TV channels are keen to promote the video and, accordingly, our country. This means we’re loved and understood. Not long ago, we released a Discovery film on the Belovezhskaya Pushcha, which has had around 40,000 YouTube hits. The new video will help us supplement and promote information on our country abroad. Such TV channels as СТС, Euronews and RTVi have already expressed interest.” January will see talks with Euronews regarding broadcasting of the Belarusian video, as well as by national channels. Press Secretary Dmitry Mironchik, who heads the Information Department at the Foreign Ministry, is convinced that the English language film will inspire greater interest in the country worldwide and foresees the film reaching an ever wider audience. By Mikhail Yevseev

2016 беларусь.belarus

THE PALACE OF INDEPENDENCE

The idea for building the grand official ceremonial venue was born in 2011 and it opened its doors in October 2013, hosting the Supreme Eurasian Economic Council session, welcoming heads of state, and the Council of CIS Heads of State. Since then, the Palace of Independence has been an integral part of political life — within Belarus and relating to the wider world.

Alexander Ruzhechka

Eloquent symbol

he building is unforgettable, as the media often report. However, you can verify the truth of this with your own eyes. It’s possible to take a tour, soaking up the atmosphere of being at the hub of global events. Not long ago, the Palace of Independence hosted a tour for Belarus’ honoured personalities: members of Minsk Regional Executive Committee’s Council of Aldermen, honorary citizens of Minsk Region, and prominent representatives of companies, organisations and society. A veteran of labour and Hero of Belarus, Pavel Mariev, comments, “The Palace is uplifting in its solemnity. The fact that it has hosted world

беларусь.belarus 2016

scale events (such as the Normandy Four, which met here to find a path to settle peace in Ukraine) indicates its special significance. This is a worthy symbol of a worthy country.” The February meeting of heads of Russia, Germany, France and Ukraine has been often recollected, being an historical landmark for the Palace. Its Green Hall is now well known, having hosted 15-hour talks. The Chairman of Agrokombinat Snov Agricultural Production Co-operative, and a member of the Council of the Republic, Nikolay Radoman, admired the paintings which hang on the walls: all presented to Alexander Lukashenko by heads of foreign states. Mr. Radoman mused, “This is not merely a historical place and a place of state, but a living embodiment

of the achievements of our designers, builders and furniture makers. This building vividly demonstrates the success of modern Belarus.” The dining table and chairs were made by Pinskdrev masters, while the sofas were produced in Molodechno and other tables come from B obruisk. Huge sparkling chandeliers were supplied by Lida’s Cascade. All indicate the Palace’s national character and significance. Olga Dargel, who headed the Social Protection Ministry from 1994 to 2001, notes, “Everything here is so impressive that it’s hardly possible to describe it. Something of the kind should have appeared in Belarus long ago. This isn’t simply a building but a bright national symbol of our state.” By Dmitry Krymov

panorama  Collective financial portrait Belarusian National Academy of Sciences’ Sociology Institute poll — conducted by order of the National Bank — indicates trends in our financial behaviour

 Ideas ‘getting younger’

elarusians were once viewed as cautious, judicious and provident but the latest statistics may show a change in attitude. Around 10 percent of Belarusians still don’t use banking services (against 14.2 percent in 2012) and over 85 percent of Belarusians now run their own account and/or use a debit regularly. Around 30 percent use Internet banking services, and most have their salary transferred to their current account, for use with their debit card. As regards savings and investments, just 21.5 percent of Belarusians and few-

er than 30 percent of all families invest in this way. The tendency remains unchanged for the past three years. Meanwhile, 25 percent of Belarusians and almost 40 percent of families have bank loans (the figure has dropped by 11.6 percent over the past three years). Evidently, high interest rates are hampering potential borrowers, although most consumer consumption is paid for with a loan. Half of all respondents (of 2,500 people questioned countrywide) have insurance for their car, property and/or life. Insurance policies are often built into banking loans, generating their popularity. In turn, medical and travel insurance are popular among just 10 percent of respondents, who are regular travellers. Belarus is a country with a relatively low distribution of financial services, with most citizens making use only of basic obligatory services.

Science is known to drive progress, as few would disagree. The Belarusian Statistical Committee has studied the financing of science, finding that, last year, Belarus spent Br4.1trn (or 0.52 percent of GDP) on scientific research and developments: less than the optimal level (globally) of 1 percent of GDP.

ast year, around Br150mln was spent on research per scientist. The sum has risen five-fold over the recent five year period. However, even in 2014, less than a half of research conducted within the country was financed from the Republican budget: of 457 organisations involved in scientific work, 64.3 percent are commercially run. Belarusian science is ‘getting younger’, with around 25 percent of the 17,400 scientific workers aged under 30 years. Meanwhile, 20 percent have a scientific degree. Women account for 39.3 percent of candidates of science and 17.7 of doctorate degrees. Unsurprisingly, technical disciplines lead, with 60.1 percent of scientific workers having technical education.

 First hand In 2010, our two states’ ministries of culture, information and foreign affairs initiated the Belarus Today project to promote our country, resulting in 80 of the best Belarusian books being donated to Poland’s National Library

ur National Library has liaised with the Belarusian Cultural Centre in Warsaw and Poland’s Ministry of Culture and National Legacy to present the editions. The Polish National Library’s

Deputy Director, Katarzyna Ślaska, and her Belarusian colleague, Alexander Susha, are hopeful that the gift will promote knowledge of Belarus within Poland, while improving mutual understanding between our nations. A good book is a source of knowledge, battling ignorance and incorrect stereotypes, helping one state understand another. The major libraries of our neighbouring states have agreed to share new editions more often, to gain information on achievements and legacy first hand.

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panorama  A landmark project Petrus Brovka Belarusian Encyclopaedia Publishing House plans to release Diplomat’s Guide his year, the Belarusian encyclopaedic diplomatic guide is to be released jointly by the Foreign Ministry of Belarus and the Belarusian State University’s International Relations Faculty. “This book will show that diplomacy has been active in Belarus since the times of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. It will provide information about the major achievements of diplomacy in both the Russian Empire and the Soviet Union. Contemporary Belarusian diplomacy has also achieved significant results and this will be reflected in the book,” explains the Director of the Publishing House, Vladimir Andrievich. In the Year of Culture, the publishers will be preparing for the 500th anniversary of the publication of the Bible by the Belarusian Frantsisk Skorina (to be celebrated in 2017), several landmark projects are scheduled for this event. In particular, the Editor-in-Chief, Larisa Yazykovich, noted that it’s high time an encyclopaedia was published dedicated to the first printer. A detailed volume was released 25 years ago and is already out-of-date, so a new version is being prepared. Another book, dedicated to Skorina, will appear as part of the Encyclopaedia of Rarities series, being prepared together with the National Library of Belarus and dedicated to the world heritage of the first printer and his books, which are kept in the libraries of other countries. “This will be an illustrated edition in the Belarusian and English languages,” adds Ms. Yazykovich. Moreover, editions from the children’s encyclopaedia series will also be devoted to Frantsisk Skorina.

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STANISLAV GALKOVSKY

 Lessons in physics at picture gallery Science enthusiasts bring together huge array of physics devices for Experimentus exhibition, hosted by Gavriil Vashchenko Picture Gallery in Gomel

mong the 150 exhibits are instruments able to measure physical phenomena: all available for visitors to touch, twist and press. You can measure your ‘power’ using the ‘Person-Battery’ device, while the Tesla coil can light a

bulb remotely and Jacob’s ladder shows how lightning strikes. Other exhibits include a wave pendulum, a ball-plasma, a da Vinci bridge, huge chess figures, Braille script, Newton’s cradle, Heron’s fountain and a prototype of a perpetuum mobile. The collection is the work of three Minsk enthusiasts, who call themselves the PR Club artistic association. One, Yuri Zhlobich, tells us the history of the collection, saying, “The most interesting aspect is that none of us is a physicist by education but we’re keen to know about physical processes and their demonstration; we have been since childhood. It took around 15 years to collect these items: our ‘visual material for a course of school physics’. If all were shown during school lessons the world would be deeply scientific. Rather than learning by rote how electricity originates or the Archimedes’ principle, pupils would create the physical processes themselves. It’s exciting. The major goal of the event is to encourage schoolchildren and their physics teachers to organise practical lessons.” The exhibition will remain in Gomel until January 10th and will then move to Vitebsk and Minsk.

 Do drop by to see us Several lemurs finding new homes at Minsk Zoo this winter, after the pretty tailed primates are transported from Jerusalem

ast year, lion-tailed macaques arrived from Tel Aviv Zoo in sunny Israel, settling in Minsk. Now, more fluffy animals are to come from the Czech Republic. According to Minsk Zoo junior research officer Tatiana Ilyasova-Kononova, the friendly Minsk family is gaining a sloth, and a white bear should arrive in future. The zoo is currently constructing an open enclosure for northern sea-

mammals such as the white bear, seals and walruses, joined by penguins and a hornbill. Over 2,500 animals live at Minsk’s Zoo at present.

ANALYSIS INSTRUMENTS

SME Policy Index: Eastern Partner Countries 2016 — Assessing the Implementation of the Small Business Act for Europe report presented in Minsk

he report has been prepared by experts of the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) and its partners: the European Commission, the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development and the European Training Education. The document contains key findings describing how our small and mediumsized businesses differ from our nearest partners and what aspects the state should focus on to improve the situation. The Deputy Economy Minister, Anton Kudasov, explains that the document is simply for the purposes of comparative analysis. The Head of EU Delegation to Belarus, Andrea Wiktorin, explains the idea behind the research: in 2008, an important document was adopted, the Small Business Act for Europe; it used legislation to outline ten different indicators applied in the EU partner-states to support small and medium-sized entrepreneurship. European businesses in

Belta

Everything is based on a comparison At “Linpac Packaging” enterprise (Orsha) modern packages for storage of vegetables, fruits, cheese and other products are produced

recent times have relied on these provisions. Europeans have decided to move even further by applying these models to their nearest neighbours: us. Of course, the results are not as positive as those of Europe but still they are rather optimistic. The OECD conducted its study in all countries of the Eastern Partnership, including Belarus, Ukraine, Georgia, Armenia, Azerbaijan and Moldova.

The first studies of the kind were held in 2012; allowing for the possibility of comparing the present state of affairs with conditions in the past. Speaking of the results of the investigation, Antonio Somma, the OECD Acting Head of the Eurasia Division, notes that since the last study in 2012, ‘slow yet steady progress’ is observed in Belarus. Among our strong features, analysts indicate the geopolitics aimed at development of the private sector, as well as considerable success in the field of reforming the normative-legal environment, the development of our business infrastructure and the growing pace of automatisation of services for businesses. The report highlights positively the high level of internationalisation of small companies, that is, their growing export orientation. In turn, failures are seen in the areas where our business associations complain: i.e. the necessity to cut the normative and tax burden and problems related to finance. As usual, the OECD hints at conducting reforms in Belarus while indicating that, under similar conditions, our Eastern Partnership neighbours

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ANALYSIS INSTRUMENTS

Encouraging prognosis The Government and the National Bank have, for many years, been repeating their aim that inflation must be brought down to single figures. This is extremely important to allow officials to accurately forecast the state of the economy.

showed greater levels of efficiency. “Development of small and mediumsized businesses will depend on the realisation of systematic measures aimed at economic liberalization i.e. in the field of price regulation, branch liberalization and competition enhancement, “Mr. Somma adds. “It’s necessary to create equal working conditions for the small business and equal possibilities for all enterprises irrespective of their form of ownership.” Among the positive aspects, the OECD noted the Presidential Directive: ‘On the Development of Entrepreneurship Initiatives and Stimulation of Business Activity’. Meanwhile, the organisation is unhappy that, although the country demonstrates much success, it lacks a single strategy for the development of small and medium companies. This is probably not entirely true as, even while the report was being presented, Minsk was hosting an important event for Belarusian entrepreneurs: the Council of Ministers was studying a state programme of business development for 2016-2020. By Alexander Benkovsky

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veryone agrees that all other macroeconomic figures are affected by price growth. Now, it seems that figures on price tags in the shops may rise mode rately. According to the data from the National Statistical Committee of Belarus (BelStat), the consumer price index reached 112 percent, much lower than that forecast. In the middle of last year, conservative forecasts estimated a level of 116-118 percent. The President has also often reasser ted that inflation should be constrained within limits. In December, during the government session which discussed forecasts, budget and monetary policy for 2016, he admitted that though inflation had been reduced, this is evidently not enough. “We have to reduce it more actively and to reach single-digit figures. Then we’ll have macroeconomic stability and the conditions to reduce interest rates for loans,” commented Mr. Lukashenko. According to the National Statistical Committee’s data, last year the price of food increased by 11 percent while nonfood goods rose by 11.5 percent and services by 15.7 percent. Comparing

price growth tendencies in 2015 and in 2014, BelStat noted a positive trend. The consumer price index at the beginning of the year was rising steadily but showed signs of a slowdown by April and only increased moderately towards the end of the year. By December, it had grown by a mere 1.2 percent. The Government may have decided to bring forward price rises to the last month of the year, for some goods and services, to avoid carrying increases into the new year’s statistics. Meanwhile, the Government has planned modest price growth in the consumer market for 2016 of no more than 12 percent. One of the major concerns is whether this will be affected by the forthcoming redenomination of the national currency, planned to take place from July 1st. The Head of the National Statistical Committee, Alexey Yarkovets, is convinced that the ‘removal of zeroes’ will be a financially neutral process, “According to our assessments, this shouldn’t influence the level of inflation simply because we move the ‘comma’ by two decimal places. The process of redenomination shouldn’t affect price growth.” By Andrey Govorov

Belta

MASS MEDIA

Information Minister Lilia Ananich at the meeting with journalists

Features of the information age

Despite popular opinion, the Internet is not the most popular information source

ccording to the Belarusian State University’s Centre of Sociological and Political Studies data, television is the most popular source of information amongst all media: over 60 percent of Belarusian residents prefer it. The level of trust in Belarusian channels is much higher than in Russian or foreign TV, apparently. However, this is no reason to rest on our laurels, as much work lies ahead in this area. “New technological possibilities dictate new approaches to TV development,” Information Minister Lilia Ananich believes. “Television is not merely a TV screen. It involves cables, satellites, mobile platforms, JPTV and a dozen other new elements. With this in mind, technological transformation is to become a key priority in the strategy of national TV development until 2020.”

Serious changes are also planned for printed media. These primarily need to develop their multimedia aspects, while distributing content over all possible information channels and integrating with diverse media platforms. In this respect, the operation of the country’s major media holding, SB-Belarus Segodnya, should act as an example. It does not merely actively develop its Internet resource but also works without budget subsidies. Equally, most regional newspapers don’t ask for any budgetary assistance. As the 2015 results show, 94 district newspapers achieved profitably. Sadly, however, a tendency towards falling circulation is seen. Delegates at the Information Ministry session believe that a deep penetration of newspapers into social networks (widely popular among the youth) could be of significant benefit to the industry.

The Minister is concerned about the work of printed publishers. In comparison to 2014, 11.5 percent fewer editions were printed and the general circulation has fallen by 31 percent. Moreover, the overall number of printed sheets is decreasing — due to the shift of people’s attention to new IT technologies. Plans for the future envisage the optimization of state polygraphic capacities. This will be connected with modernization of production and efficient use of buildings and constructions. The Deputy Prime Minister, Natalia Kochanova, thanked the Information Ministry for their work, while noting that problems do exist. Ms. Ananich stated that 2015 was a landmark year. Our domestic mass media actively participated in all state events, while journalists managed to find the correct tone when covering the country’s achievements of the last twenty years. The task for the five years ahead remains unchanged: it’s necessary to make efforts to develop a strong and socially oriented country. In 2015, the Information Ministry expanded its authority. At the beginning of the year, the renewed law On Mass Media came into force, making it possible to control the Internet resources. Last year, access to four dozen sites was restricted, although the work of some of them was subsequently restored when mistakes had been corrected. As Ms. Ananich notes, this was aimed exclusively at enforcing citizens’ constitutional rights to receive full and accurate information. Improvements aimed at expansion of content and increased presence in the information arena is now a key task of the mass media. Ms. Ananich considers that greater efficiency is the key. This refers to the multimedia and cinema industries as well as television. For example, modern television is much wider than mere TV broadcasting. Tablets, satellites and computers are also means of distributing information. The introduction of HD television is planned for 2016-2020. “Accordingly, an ability to work across all areas is the task for the mass media in the future,” added Ms. Ananich. By Alexander Pimenov

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EXHIBITION A seminar of young authors of Belarus and Russia is always an important part of the forum. During the plenary session, young talents were invited to ponder serious topics regarding national literature in this age of globalism, and regarding the nature of contemporary literature, post-modernism and the Internet. “Sometimes writers forget their obligation to serve humanity,” underlined the Chairman of the Union of Writers of Belarus, Nikolay Cherginets. Speaking at the 2nd international literary symposium, Writer and Time: Suссession in Literature, he expressed his belief that principles of kindness and humanism should be embraced by literature. He would like to see authors taking an active civil position, and is convinced that writers could do far more. He wishes to see joint projects with the writing community, to realize plans and ideas and share experience between colleagues. In particular, Mr. Cherginets believes writers should work with creative unions to translate works by writers from around the world. “Books aren’t just a source of knowledge; they can bring nations closer,” emphasized Belarus’ Foreign Minister, Vladimir Makei, during his visit to the 23rd Minsk International Book Fair. Mr. Makei underlined that books are often given as gifts between diplomats, noting that they allow familiarisation with a country, allowing us to see a country in a new way, as well as a nation’s attitudes. “We use them actively for Belarus’ rapprochement with other states,” he asserted. Belarus publishes many books describing its history, and the establishment of the state. These have been translated into foreign languages and Mr. Makei notes that such books are popular, being interesting to read. ander

R u zhechka

lana Alexievich. Her editions were on show, upon the stand of her old partner, Russian Vremya Publishing House. The exhibition’s honorary guest, Armenia, had a dazzling stand. The Chairman of the Armenian Union of Writers, the Director of Armenia’s Centre for Books and Publishing, Edward

Alex

“ M

insk International Book Fair is known for re i nforcing co-operation between countries,” noted Belarus’ Information Minister, Lilia Ananich, speaking at the opening ceremony of the 23rd Minsk International Book Fair. She sees books as a source of knowledge, and a fount for powerful humanitarian collaboration. The Deputy Head of the Presidential Administration, Igor Buzovsky, read a greeting from the Head of State, as well as addressing guests at the 23rd Minsk International Book Fair and at the international literary symposium, Writer and Time. Gracing the forum’s central stand were words spoken by our first printer, Frantsisk Skorina: ‘Man cannot live by bread and medicine alone, needing also words…’ Of course, the exhibition also marked the 500th anniversary of Belarusian book printing. The National Library’s Mastatskaya Skaryniyana series is dedicated to this special, anniversary year, and Belarus celebrates the Year of Culture in 2016. Books are the best ambassadors of national culture, as proven by the popularity of the trade fair. Around 300 exhibitors from 29 countries took part, allowing guests to see many works of foreign literature and to meet authors at presentations, autograph signing sessions and concerts. Vladimir Mulyavin: With Heart and Thoughts was presented via a concert, featuring singers and composers. The well-known Pesnyar singer has been immortalised in the album, published by Mastatskaya Litaratura. It is a worthy winner of the Grand Prix of the National Art of Book Contest. Interest in Belarusian literature is on the rise, especially now that we have our own Nobel Prize laureate in Svet-

Captivated by the power of the Word The 23rd Minsk International Book Fair is a landmark event

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Militonyan, noted, “We’ve gathered the best of all that has been released in our sunny and mountainous country over the last two years: albums, historical editions and novels, including books by Belarusian writer Ales Karlyukevich for children, translated into Armenian, and the Literary Armenia almanac, featuring Ales Badak’s poem.” Mr. Militonyan is also a member of the Union of Writers of Belarus and took part in the international symposium of authors, held for the second time in Minsk.

By Vladimir Velikhov

THE UN and Belarus

Effect of joint action

Nadezhda Ponkratova

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THE UN and Belarus

he Plan, including measures to fulfil recommendations made by the Third Environmental Performance Review (EPR), prepared by the UN Economic Commission for Europe, has been approved by the Government, reaffirming the country’s strong commitment to the EPR process. The Third EPR highlights a number of Belarus’ achievements, including: the reduction of air pollution from mobile sources; the proclamation of newly protected areas; the integration of environmental education and education for sustainable development in formal, non-formal and informal education; and the stability of the institutional framework for environmental protection, to ensure consistent development and implementation of environmental policies. It also recognizes progress in improving the quality of environmental legislation. Among key areas for improvement, the Review identifies public participation in strategic planning and the introduction of economic incentives to facilitate the renewal of an ageing transport fleet. The Action Plan for 2016–2020 defines activities and measures to be implemented by 16 central Govern-

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Belarus adopts Action Plan to implement Environmental Performance review recommendations

ment bodies, as well as regional and local authorities. In particular, such measures include further developing the national framework for public participation in environmental decisionmaking, setting up the national eco-

tion of at least 100 kilometres of forest roads. Belarus has wide areas currently inaccessible, due to marshy terrain. At present, forest road density stands at 6km per 1,000 hectares of forest, which is low compared with the European

The UNDP-GEF project on ‘Improving Energy Efficiency in Residential Buildings’ in the RB aims to transfer energy effective building experience to the greatest possible number of professionals via training sessions, seminars, conferences, master classes and foreign training trips logical network, and optimising waste management infrastructure. Many measures go far beyond the environmental area and refer to improvements to the energy, transport, forestry, tourism, housing and health sectors. The aim is to ensure sustainable management of natural resources, as well as preservation of the environment and protection of human health. In the forestry sector, the Action Plan provides for the annual construc-

average of 20km per 1,0000 hectares. Low forest road density can negatively impact sustainable management of forests, since it inspires overexploitation of forest situated close to roads. This brings associated negative environmental impact, reducing forest productivity in such areas and increasing costs of harvesting in the long term. While Belarus is party to most multilateral environmental agreements, envisaged actions will facili-

THE UN and Belarus tate its participation in remaining agreements. Steps are also defined to ensure stronger application of the principles of the Shared Environmental Information System (SEIS). Many examples of co-operation already exist. The UNECE Committee on Environmental Policy approved the recommendations of the report on October 29th, 2015. The Third EPR of Belarus has been financially supported by the German Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation, Building and Nuclear Safety and by the German Federal Environment

ment. In particular, since 2013, the UNDP in Belarus has promoted the implementation of a project on ‘Improving Energy Efficiency in Residential Buildings’, financed by the Global Environment Facility (GEF). The main objective is to create conditions to reduce energy consumption and GHG emissions within multi-storey residential buildings. Participants are developing and introducing new designs for building and maintaining housing stock, using new technical solutions for engineering systems, and arranging amendments to regulatory legal

struction of Energy Efficient Residential Buildings. The programme assumes that, by 2020, all new residential buildings will be equipped with systems of recycling exhaust air, at least halving consumption of heat energy in new residential buildings (in comparison with the average indicator at present). Despite builders having access to modern materials and equipment, the transition to mass construction of energy efficient buildings has been restrained by insufficient development of a regulatory legal base and by do-

Opening of a memorial sign at the place of a future second generation energy efficiency house in Grodno, December 2015

Round table on building energy certification, November 2015

Agency. There has been funding by the Advisory Assistance Programme (AAP) and by the Governments of Norway and Switzerland. The Ministry of Social Affairs, Health and Women’s Rights of France has delegated an expert on health and environment issues for the review, and the United Nations Environment Programme has provided an expert on biodiversity. The United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) office in Belarus has provided organisational support to the review mission. The UNDP is playing an important role in increasing energy efficiency, partnering the Belarusian govern-

mestic companies’ limited experience of designing and constructing such buildings. The UNDP-GEF project focuses on improving standards and increasing knowledge of modern practice, as well as the distribution of advanced experience. Alexander Grebenkov, Project Manager, tells us, “We cannot disseminate experience in raising buildings’ energy efficiency without a regulatory framework being introduced, offering technical solutions. Building standards in Belarus are quite modern already, meeting European standards in many respects. However, these regulations are not currently

acts. This should reduce energy consumption from heating, ventilation and hot water supply in new buildings by at least 70 percent in comparison with housing built before 1993, and by at least 40 percent in comparison with housing built according to current energy consumption requirements. Until recently, GDP energy intensity has been reduced in Belarus mainly by raising energy efficiency at production level. Energy saving in the residential sector has become a priority over the last few years, especially since the government adopted the Integrated Programme for the Design, Construction and Recon-

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THE UN and Belarus obligatory. Technical regulations on ‘Energy Efficiency of Buildings’ are now being developed, with the assistance of project experts." Energy audit controls are being implemented with older buildings, looking at regulatory requirements and energy consumption. In fact, this is the first time that such energy inspection has been carried out, with 55 buildings, across varying years of construction. Recommendations on improving such energy audits of residential buildings will be prepared from the results. The project also has an educational

energy effective buildings. The Belarusian National Technical University already gives lectures in these directions, with Brest Technical University planning to follow suit. Also important is PR, for adult and youth audiences, and training abroad. During foreign informative-training trips, Belarusian experts have been able to familiarise themselves with the modern regulatory base for energy efficient house construction, as well as innovative design procedures, and the design, building and monitoring of energy efficient residential buildings.

tion to base investment cost) involved in making buildings more energy efficient, including a number of new engineering systems. Door-to-door forced ventilation (using up to 80 percent of heat from exhaust air) will be applied to heating systems. Meanwhile, water heating is being facilitated via thermal pumps, and recycling ground heat, through foundation piles, from the warmth of sewage effluent, from heat exchangers, and from solar panels. The latter can provide electricity for thermal pumps and ventilators, as well as for illumination of hallways and stair-

Opening of a memorial sign at the place of a future energy efficiency house in Mogilev, October 2015

component. Over 500 people have taken part in events since 2013, via training sessions, seminars, conferences, and master classes for designers, builders and operating organisations. The aim is to transfer energy effective building experience to the greatest possible number of professionals. During project realisation, the experience of designing of houses with minimal energy consumption has been studied, and modern solutions for heating and hot-water supply offered. Experts have put together recommendations for the content of training courses at some universities: on the design, building and maintenance of

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They have been able to study the use of new technical solutions, including renewable energy sources, for heating homes and the water used in them. Three new generation energy efficient houses are being built, following designs funded by the UNDP-GEF project and using its expert input. The base project for all buildings is guided by operating standards of building, including rules for connection to centralised heating systems and hot water supply, and the installation of radiators, thermostatic valves and heat meters as standard parameters. The UNDP-GEF project is reimbursing 15 percent of costs (in rela-

wells. In pilot objects, heat consumption via the hot water supply should fall by at least 40 percent. “These three houses in Minsk, Mogilev and Grodno represent a practical experiment. All today's available and economically feasible energy-saving technologies will be applied, and we’re sure that the visible results will bring more attention than theoretical estimations. According to our calculations, total utility costs in these houses shall fall considerably. In the house in Mogilev, approximately Br55 million should be saved,” Alexander Grebenkov asserts. By Veniamin Mikheev

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QUESTION ON THE AGENDA

Description of the pension age phenomenon In the post-Soviet region there remain only three countries where the ‘Soviet’ pension age has remained: 55 years old for women and 60 for men. These are Belarus, Russia and Uzbekistan. Other countries have already raised the pension age. The underlying reason for this is purely economic. Whether there should be a rise or not

As the nation grows old there is less manpower. 27 percent of the population are pensioners, by 2020 this will have increased to 29 percent. The issue of increasing the 'old age threshold' is just a matter of time. Should the rise be put into practice, there will be some benefits. The number of workers in the country will increase, and the social security fund deficit (which pays pensions) will be reduced. It will also bring GDP growth of more than one percent by 2019.

Experts are sure that if the age of retirement is increased by just one year, money will start flowing into the budget. This will strengthen many social programmes aimed at the elderly. For example, if the reform had been implemented last year, 141,700 people would not have retired. And it would have been possible to save almost $260 million on pension payments.

Let the people decide Alexander Lukashenko repeatedly announced that the issue, which affects

each resident of Belarus, cannot be resolved without the public’s opinion. He suggested finding out what that opinion is using official statistics. The Institute of Sociology of the National Academy of Sciences was entrusted to investigate the issue. Its experts have already asked Belarusians about probable reform in 2013. At that time, more than a half were not in favour. 18 percent of respondents said that they would work longer if the pension is higher. 60 percent did not object if the 'term' is increased by a small amount such as one year.

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MEASURES FOR CONVENIENCE

Age of retirement in different countries of the world

 Sick certificate issued privately

Nadezhda Ponkratova

Japan

Great Britain

Germany

The USA

Kazakhstan

Moldova

Private medical centres may issue sick-leave certificates

Belarus

Russia

Men

Women

Receive as much as you have worked for The government listens to the people, but has already had to carry out some reforms. Unlike the Russians, for the last three years Belarusians have had the choice of retirement or to delay. If a person continues to work and does not receive their pension, in the future they will receive a bonus for each 'overtime' year. Everyone has the right to decide what suits them best. Since this year, the size of the pension began to depend on length of service and obligatory insurance payments.

Now the old-age pension is guaranteed to the worker who made payments into the state non-budget social security fund amounting to 15 years and 6 months. Since January 1st 2017, the insurance length of service will increase by 6 months, growing each year until it reaches 20 years. According to the Deputy of the House of Representatives of the National Assembly of Belarus, Zinaida Mandrovskaya, it is quite fair, “Those who worked more and paid more insurance payments into the social security fund, should receive higher pensions.” By German Moskalenko

Opinions  Marianna Shchetkina, Minister of Labour and Social Protection: We cannot escape from an increase in pension age. It would be ideal, if we could synchronise our actions within the limits of the Union State.  Lidia Yermoshina, Chair of the Central Commission of the Republic of Belarus on Elections and Holding Republican Referenda: We cannot exist as a certain social oasis in the world. Belarus does not have the economic capacity to preserve the same privileges as in the past. The pension age needs to be raised. But it is necessary to provide pension privileges, for example for women who gave birth and brought up at least two children. Such a policy will have positive effects on the well-being of the country.

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mitry Pinevich, the First Deputy Health Minister, tells us that the Health Ministry and the Ministry of Labour and Social Protection have placed details of the corresponding decree on the International Legal Internet Portal. He notes that the measure aims to be more convenient for patients, while easing the burden on state medical establishments. Of course, for a medical centre to gain the right to issue sick-leave certificates, they need to meet several requirements, such as having a medical-consultative commission headed by a specially trained specialist. In addition, medical centres need to employ trained personnel and keep accounts. Mr. Pinevich stresses that issuing sick certificates is an integral part of medical services, so centres would not take any additional fee to issue them. They would lose their license if any case of charging for sick-leave certificates were to be identified. One set of rules now applies to state and private medical centres, with the former having a list of specialists permitted to issue sick certificates (as previously). Around 1,700 private centres are eager to gain permission to issue sickleave certificates so the Health Ministry plans to hold round table discussions, with representatives of major clinics in attendance. Although issuing such certificates would initially be an option rather than a duty for commercial centres, the Health Ministry would eventually insist on them introducing the service. Within a year, Belarus is to launch a single electronic database of patients, with a database of sick-leave certificates forming part of the system. Until then, eligibility for sick-leave certificate issuance will be controlled optionally.

PRIZE HOLDERS

The National Academy of Sciences’ Award ceremony is the ‘Oscars’ of the research world, being presented every two years, to recognise well-established scientists, as well as newcomers and, even, students for their contribution. This year, around 50 works were nominated, with winners chosen by secret vote, via a jury of the NAS commission members. Among the prize holders was Nikolay Karnaukhov — a sixth year student at the Belarusian State Aviation Academy.

Ability to convince

Vitaliy Gil

hatting with Alexander Kapustin, a Candidate of Technical Sciences and a Professor of the B elar usian State Av i a t i o n A c a d emy’s Department of Technical Disciplines, who is supervising Nikolay’s studies, it’s clear that the award is deserved. Truly, Nikolay, aged 23, already knows a great deal. However, he modestly comments, “Results come from hard work.” His most recent is from the National Academy of Sciences, for his paper on Development and Research of an Optimal Digital

Regulation System of Tension, for a Synchronous Generator for Advanced Aircraft. It links in to Nikolay’s speciality: Technologies of Aviation (of which generators are part). The practical application is, no doubt, of interest, knowing that his work may well come to be implemented in the future. Mr. Kapustin comments, “Advanced aircraft require different equipment and management, as we are studying. One method envisages the use of micro-processors for digital management. We had a few problems initially, which Nikolay smoothed out. Mr. Karnaukhov’s work is devoted to systems of tension regulation. As planes come to rely more on electronics, rather than pilot expertise, a dependable system of power is essential. Recently, Moscow host-

ed the Youth and Future of Aviation and Cosmonautics Contest, at which Nikolay presented a logical continuation of his ideas: A System of Automated Alternator Management, with Elements of Artificial Intelligence. It took the third place. Truly, he is a perfect inventor and programmer: in late October, he even received his first patent. As Nikolay admits, “I don’t know all machine languages but have mastered a couple.” By Anton Kostyukevich

Student Nikolay Karnaukhov and his superior of studies Alexander Kapustin

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COOPERATION

There is interest

Paul Chuyko

Belarusian-American scientific ties to strengthen, following first joint seminar on sci-tech co-operation, hosted by National Academy of Sciences

well as systems to synthesise and distinguish speech (including Belarusian). Stem cells are being ‘trained’ to transform into neuron cells able to ‘close’ brain traumas, and a special film has been developed to transform 2D pictures into 3D. Until recently, developers were acting separately but, as the General Director of the United Institute of Informatics Problems, Alexander Tuzikov, explains, “The Centre of Artificial Intelligence has been established to act as a platform for co-operation and experience exchange between scientists working across various spheres within this topic. For example, the United Institute of Informatics Problems enjoys great development in the field of multimedia information processing, while the Physiology Institute is studying how the brain works.” He notes that the Centre is open to other specialists as well. Groups of researchers focusing on this topic are working at the Belarusian State University and at Brest’s State Technical University. There is great potential, so joint realisation of major projects is sure to help us achieve new results in the shortest possible time.

or the third time in recent months, representatives of American scientific circles have visited our country, pursuing special goals: to outline areas of joint work; to establish mechanisms of co-operation; and to create personal ties between scientists. In 2013, Belarus and the USA ran eight joint projects. In 2014, there were only five, but all with greater scope. The Chairman of the National Academy of Sciences’ Presidium, Vladimir Gusakov, notes that mutual interest is being demonstrated in laser physics, material studies, waste processing, bio-technologies, chemical synthesis and development of pharmacological products. In April, Belarus was visited by the Senior Vice President of the US National Association of College and University Business Officers, Matthew Hamill, who was impressed with the level of our laser technologies (his area of professional interest). This time, the American delegation featured specialists in agriculture and medical IT: areas promising for collaboration. The foreign guests visited the National Academy of Sciences’ exhibition, to see the most significant works by our scientists in the field of machine building, space and laser technologies, and new materials. The Americans were keen to view innovations at the Microbiology Institute: bio-drugs for industrial cattle breeding which are a good alternative to antibiotics and hormones. Guests also admired work at the Republican Scientific and Medical Centre for Cell Technologies (part of the Institute of Biophysics and Cell Engineering).

By Yulia Vasilishina

By Yulia Vasilieva

Future of artificial intelligence Most scientists believe that we won’t be able to create artificial intelligence until we’ve gained more understanding of how the human brain works. Much remains to be studied

wo major scientific projects launched recently: Human Brain (in the EU) and Brain Initiative (the USA). Attempts are being made to penetrate our consciousness and the secrets of our mind, with the aim of using information to model an artificial intelligence. Belarusian scientists are taking an active part in the process, with efforts consolidated by a new Interdepartmental Research Centre of Artificial Intelligence, established at the National Academy of Sciences’ United Institute of Informatics Problems, in liaison with the Physiology Institute. A recent presentation demonstrated achievements in this field, and the latest preoccupations, including mobile robots able to solve intellectual tasks — such as calculating the volume of space within a room, and compiling a related map, for transmission to a group of other robots engaged in protecting the area, or in transporting cargo across the territory. Work includes creating systems to analyze photographic images taken from above, and diagnosis of body conditions, to help doctors detect ‘foreign objects’, as

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ABILITY TO CONVEY KNOWLEDGE

Tatiana Stolyarova

ordei Khomich b e g an te a ch ing when he was just 21, at a school and then at the Belarusian State University, where he works today, as Chair of Russian Language for the Philological Department. Aged just 30, he is a senior teacher, and the winner of an international competition, named ‘Best Teacher of Russian Language and Foreign Literature’. Gordei surpassed 600 teachers from 60 countries to claim the award. He currently teaches Russian to Belarusian and Chinese students and has his own theories on how best to convey a love for language, as well as adherence to ‘literary standards’. Gordei Khomich personally knows how difficult it can be to learn to speak correctly, “As a child, I was slow to pronounce the sound ‘r’. It can be hard for many children.” Of course, in Chinese, there is no sound ‘r’ so Gordei is able to help his students with his own childhood experience. He adds, “However, the Chinese have the advantage of an ear for music, which is a feature of their language. Sentences have a musical tonality, helping them memorize the sounds of modern language. They cannot start talking immediately, since they need grammar as well as a good vocabulary.” Good knowledge of grammar is akin to drivers knowing the rules of the road. Not all teachers agree that pupils should learn grammar first but Gordei Khomich tells us, “There are two standpoints; the first is traditional, teaching grammar before vocabulary; the second is popular of late, being the communicative method, learning intuitively, almost like a parrot repeating words. You speak, although not always correctly. You learn words and expressions not always in their truly correct form. It’s fine for a tourist trip to another country but grammar is needed to speak well. If you already have vocabulary and know some phrases incorrectly, it can be difficult to ‘unlearn’ your errors. Ac-

ABC of knowledge Belarusian Gordei Khomich named the best teacher of language and literature among representatives of 60 countries cordingly, I support the first, traditional method, of learning correctly from the very beginning.” Mr. Khomich also has his own approaches, such as ‘plunging into culture’, believing that language should be studied alongside literature. Belarusian language should be learnt by exposure to the works of Yanka Kupala and Kuzma Chorny, while Russian should incorporate Alex-

ander Pushkin’s poetry and Mikhail Bulgakov’s prose, and French should feature Flaubert and Dumas. Mr. Khomich also likes to compare syntax in kindred languages, as part of his ‘plunging into culture’. He notes, “In Belarusian, we say ‘to get married to someone’, while in Russian they say ‘to marry someone’. There is an opinion that this reflects the comparative position of

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ABILITY TO CONVEY KNOWLEDGE women in Belarus and Russia in ancient times. In Belarus, women had almost equal rights with men; in Russia, women always submitted to men.” Such knowledge helps students to learn correct phrases, associating them with historical phenomenon. Gordei is convinced that such information helps his students not only to understand but to gain a feeling for language. He adds, “How can you explain to people from another culture that, in Russian, ad-

become a cardiologist, or an expert in ultrasonic diagnostics. I like to diagnose and carry out analytical work. It sounds strange, but I was good at physics. Up to the 9th form, I liked this subject, especially studies of electricity, but I lost interest when it came to mechanics.” Analysis comes naturally to Mr. Khomich, helping him now with language teaching. He tells us, “In truth, I’ve never enjoyed writing essays, but dictated with pleasure. I liked to divide words into

Gordei Khomich began teaching when he was just 21, at a school and then at the Belarusian State University, where he works today, as Chair of Russian Language for the Philological Department dressing a woman as ‘woman’ is impolite? Should they use ‘madam’ or ‘comrade’? These are important questions. The answer is simple: at the beginning of the 20th century, ‘woman’ was applied to those working in brothels.” Language is a means of dialogue, and can convey the highest mental sphere. Should it be constantly improved for the sake of purity? Mr. Khomich asserts that language is primarily an instrument of communication, and one that should be perfected. He explains, “We enrich our language for oratorical purposes, which have always been valued. What makes a good orator? I believe that it’s someone who can command language as an instrument, selecting just the right words for every situation. I teach such people at the university.” As we know, teaching, not only in Belarus but aboard, does not bring the highest remuneration. What drew Mr. Khomich to this path? No one in his family taught, his mother being a bookkeeper and his father a car mechanic. Gordei recollects that, at school, he wanted to become a doctor. “That was when I was in the 7th or the 8th form. I wanted to

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grammatical parts. I like to analyze language. The method developed by a teacher helps pupils to understand the essence of language.” Mr. Khomich believes that there’s no need to re-invent the wheel when teaching. He comments, “Some of my colleagues try to think up new methods but I think this isn’t a good use of time. For centuries, our predecessors spent time developing schemes of teaching, which we only need to use. Many aspects are forgotten. I see no point in invention, rather using the approaches developed by predecessors which I consider useful.” Are some methods fruitless? Mr. Khomich cannot hide his feelings regarding some innovative methods used at private language centres. He notes, “I don’t consider it productive to leave pupils alone to complete a task for presentation. It’s better to help along the way. Of course, students need to learn independently at home as well, revising material studied during classes. I like to work with students, especially when I see that they are interested. I like to check their homework since teaching is a pleasure for me,

as well as work. I’m not strict, but I take responsibility for the results of those who come to my lessons.” Mr. Khomich is sure that anyone can learn a language if they are properly motivated. Interestingly, he knows no foreign languages himself, having never had the need to learn. He does not travel abroad so has no need for English or Polish. It’s a practical attitude! Gordei Vasilievich Khomich is a very traditional person; some would say oldfashioned, despite his youth. He doesn’t look like others of his generation, using an old push-button phone. He admits to having won a smartphone in a competition but is yet to unpack it. “Why do I need it when my old phone works? I used it to chat to you before this interview and you could hear me alright, so it must function correctly,” he states. Mr. Khomich once dreamt of becoming a theatrical director, and is still drawn to the stage. He remains a theatrical critic, and laments, “Minsk has few decent drama theatres. The best is the Yanka Kupala National Academic Theatre. At other theatres, I tend to enjoy only a few performances. However, I really admire the world level professionalism of our opera.” We may not all agree with his choices but it’s undeniable that he has an opinion on everything. He much admires the poetry of Akhmatova, Gumilev and Tyutchev, but is less inspired by Brodsky, Mayakovsky and Fet. His attitude to books is surprising, as he views his favourites as works of art. He tells us, “Recently, I bought Ibsen’s ‘Peer Gynt’ as it was lacking from my library. I’ve read many works by Dostoevsky but most covet those editions illustrated by wellknown artist Mstislav Dobuzhinsky. Those are the ones I want to own. I love beautifully illustrated editions.” Will we ever see a work by Gordei Khomich in a bookshop? Probably not, as he leaves teaching textbooks to those conversant in such writing. However, if you want to learn about language, or attend lectures by the young BSU teacher, it’s never too late to learn. By Viktar Korbut

INNOVATIONS

Robot becomes human

Vitaliy Gil

The multi-purpose robot Altron, created by student Alexander Dubovitsky from Minsk, could be seen last year at practically all significant innovation competitions as well as the exhibitions TIBO-2015 and Ball of Robots. The logical conclusion of all this attention was victory in the youth section of the Republican innovative projects competition and the award of a grant for commercial development. We learnt firsthand what is unique about Altron and when ordinary users might begin to explore its possibilities.

Alexander Dubovitsky promises: the robot Altron will remove dust and also bring your slippers

ltron c urrently only exists as a production sample. Outwardly it appears to be a robot-vacuum cleaner with a hand-like gripping device

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INNOVATIONS added on top. It can not only vacuum the floor, but also collect toys for example, and put them into a container. This is only the 'tip of iceberg'. The important thing is what’s inside it. The various sensors, video cameras and computer make the unit multipurpose. It boasts a gas sensor which is able to scan buildings for the presence of dangerous gases and smoke. If anything is found, the robot will give a signal and automatically contact the emergency services. There are temperature and humidity instruments, but the main innovation is the fibre optic movement sensor and scanner developed by Alexander Dubovitsky; all this allows Altron to orientate itself, build maps of a building and work in an orderly manner using algorithms it has created itself. “The cost price of this sensor is just about $5, but it replaces a whole complex of similar devices which cost from $200 to $400, currently used in high quality robot-vacuum cleaners. Thus the new robot offers reduced costs and optimum performance compared to the best models on the market. Alexander describes the advantages of his innovation as being competitive in all respects. According to his calculations, the cost price of Altron should be approximately $150. We should not forget its basic function, this ‘smart’ vacuum cleaner is equipped with a powerful motor and dust container. It can be used in both automatic mode (to preset a cleaning schedule), and manually

using a phone or tablet. If required, the robot can be trained to water plants, feed a cat or bring one’s slippers. The machine can work for two hours on one charge before it needs to be returned to its base. Alexander is now working with other inventors to develop a vocal module to enable the vacuum cleaner to understand speech and even engage in conversation. The winner will receive a grant for commercial production worth almost Br117mln. Certainly, this will only be a part of the amount needed to begin mass production of these intellectual robot cleaners. The company will be required to register in January and then find an industrial platform for the product. There is still a long list of tasks to complete, but Alexander Dubovitsky is hopeful that the domestic robots may appear on the market by the end of summer. Alexander was demonstrating Altron in the BelHard company office where he and a team of innovators are developing a number of projects for the company. Alexander is now working on the creation of a new version of the robot named Nikabot. It is almost waist high in size, with hands and a whole spectrum of functions: it can help about the house, in business — to advertise or translate at conferences, be a nurse or teach children to read and write. It is 70 percent complete and Alexander plans to show a prototype to the public in a couple of months. By Svetlana Antonovich

Reference  The Republican contest of innovative projects is held by the State Committee for Science and Technology with the assistance of the Belarusian Innovation Fund, the Ministry of Education and NAS of Belarus, to encourage the development of new ideas in our country. Cash prizes were also previously awarded to the winners, while vouchers for the financial costs of further commercialisation were given for the first time to four products, its purpose being to promote the introduction of the newest hi-tech developments in the economy of the country.

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 Unique Monicu rail project Belarusian scientists develop new unique construction material to cast rails

eonid Sosnovsky, Professor at the Belarusian Transport University, is one of the scientists responsible for the invention. He describes the technical characteristics of the new material as somewhere between steel and cast iron. Its name comes from the initial letters of three chemical elements: molybdenum, nickel and cuprum. These metals, used in particular proportions added to the process of casting iron, add special properties to the material: making a product that has the durability of steel and the high technological and servicing features of extra strong cast iron. For the last 100 years, all railway lines have been made of steel which wears over the course of time. Huge amounts of money are spent annually on their repair: 1km of steel single-cut rails costs $65,000. Scientists confirm that a rail made of Monicu will cost half as much. Casting is simple and cheaper in comparison to traditional rails, consuming half the energy of steel production. Four experimental Monicu rails have been made and have performed successfully in tests along Gomel branch line for the last 16 months (in all seasons). The rails have been analysed and the results show that their durability is almost the same as of steel rails. The Belarusian invention was discussed at a session of chief engineers of the Eurasian Economic Union’s railway administration, held recently in Gomel. Specialists supported the project, recommending further testing to ensure the product’s safety. At present, a Belarusian-Russian meeting is being prepared to develop a plan of cast rail production.

Travel diary

We visited many places and saw much

A narrative about things that remain out of sight for journalists, going behind the country’s facade as part of official delegations and press-tours

Hotel in Ashgabad — is not an hotel…

ur first acquaintance with a native Ashgabad resident was really pleasant. Was it Luck or Good fortune? But let’s start at the beginning. From the first day of our business trip, we joined the team preparing the exhibition stand for the Information Ministry of Belarus, representing national book publishing at the exhibition-fair in Ashgabad, which was timed for the visit of President Ale xander Lukashenko to Turkmenistan in connection with the 20th anniversary of the neutrality of the country.

We understood that we would be able to see the daily life of a certain group of Ashgabad people, to talk to them near the Belarusian and Turkmen stands. We also had our own editorial task: to become familiar with the life of the city and its residents using the method of ‘random interviews’. Walking along the streets, markets and shops, collecting impressions and sharing them with the readers. And we certainly have collected a lot of them. …In the morning, we left the hotel Ashgabad and the bus delivered us to the Sergi Köşgi Expo Centre (translated from the Turkmen as ‘exhibition palace’). The day was cloudy and rainy. At 4pm we flagged down a car and asked, “Could you take us to the Ashgabad hotel for 10 Man-

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Travel diary ats?” At the wheel was an elderly man and we had been advised of the low taxi rate in Ashgabad of 10 manats to any part of the city. We saw meters in some cars, but they were possibly just for the sake of appearance. The price remains the same unless the taxi waits for you or if you go to the suburbs, when the price increases. We are settling into our taxi ride, but soon, through the wet and steamy windows, we noticed that we appeared to be driving the wrong way. On the way to the centre in the morning, we were driven through wide new streets with large mansions, whilst now we could see old houses and no main streets. The driver brought us to a grey building and said, “Here we are, I have to turn around here...” We protested it was not our hotel but there on the front was its name ‘Hotel Ashgabat’. How can there be two hotels with identical names in one city? Fortunately, we had taken some pictures of ‘our’ hotel and we showed them to the driver. “You probably mean the hotel Ashgabad”, he said, “I am a pensioner and I rarely visit the new districts of the city.” It appeared he had brought us to the old hotel ‘Ashgabat’, while in the city centre there is a new hotel ‘Ashgabad Myhmanhana’. The Turkmens have managed to draw a line between the word ‘gostinitsa’ (inn) and hotel (obviously a West European modern concept). Our huge hotel towers above the city, with windows opening onto the bewitching Kopet Dag mountains with snow-covered tops, differing vastly from its ‘Soviet’ namesake. Nearby, everything is brandnew: both the Stadium Ashgabat, and the Sardar horseman monument (meaning ‘stone shoulders’) shines brightly with its golden colour surrounded by white-foam fountains, the Hotel Zvezda (Ýyldyz) and the huge matrimonial palace decorated on top with four eight-pointed stars surrounding a sphere. We later learned that the poet Ales Badak, managed to see this palace from the inside, unusual, as it is not generally acceptable in Ashgabad to go into the local palaces. The architectural constructions in the new area of this ‘white’ city surprise visitors with their monumental-

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ism, scope and number of high buildings reaching to the heavens, as well as their multi-coloured night time illumination. On the way from the airport, those of us who were in Ashgabat for the first time were left speechless and stared in amazement. We later learnt that recently this city, with the greatest number of buildings finished with white marble, was included in the Guinness Book of Records. 543 new buildings in Ashgabad are faced with white marble, while the total area is 4.5 million square metres! It appear that here, ‘gostinitsa’ is not a hotel at all. Our driver scratched his head uneasily: he knew that the passengers in his car were visitors from Minsk, and following the laws of eastern hospitality, it is not good to let visitors wander the streets of an unfamiliar city. He also told us that he had to pick up his architect wife on time, as she was finishing work. He asked whether we would mind going with him to pick up his wife? She knows the city better, and will help to find the hotel faster. Of course, we agreed, though we were tired after the flight, we were not in a hurry, but wanted to see the city, and talk more to our driver. We told him he didn’t look like a native of Turkmenistan and he replied, “Yes, I am Armenian! My name is Piotr. I’ve lived here for a long time,” he smiled. “Looking at your nose, I thought that you were Armenian! My name is Valentina.” I said. Our dictaphone was already switched on, and making notes, we heard Piotr Karapetov’s laughter again. He was born in Ashgabad, grew up here, worked ‘in the transport sphere’: he travelled all over the USSR on official business and he remembers visiting Belarus. His parents moved to Turkmenistan in their ‘20s from Karabakh. Having talked about the still-smouldering conflict between Armenia and Azerbaijan, we asked cautiously whether Turkmens are tolerant and peace-loving to people of other nationalities. “There is no nationalism here,” he

Ashgabad Myhmanhana Hotel is a contemporary 15-storey building in the west of the city, with the capital stadium located nearby, as is Bagt Köşgi Wedding Palace Composition in the form of a powerful bull holding a broken Earth on its horns incorporated into monument dedicated to victims of 1948 earthquake in Ashgabat

Ivan Zhdanovich

Travel diary

Sergi Köşgi Expo Centre is the largest in Turkmenistan and, from December 11th-13th, 2015, hosted a joint Belarusian-Turkmen trade fair

36km long hiking trail through Kopet Dag mountains in Turkmenistan is not only concreted across its full 5m width but is illuminated and has water fountains along its length

answered confidently. “Even the former President Türkmenbaşy had a tough attitude to displays of nationalism. His wife was a Jewess, and he understood what troubles national strife brings to people.” We remember the Ukraine, discussing the ‘overemphasis’ on nationality and language problems. Piotr, living in Turkmenistan, speaks Russian perfectly, while Armenian, the language of his ancestors, he is less confident with, his wife, who is also Armenian, knows the Turkmen language better. Unlike other pensioners, Piotr does not plunge into politics: he is actively engaged in his health, reads, keeps himself in good shape. Every other day he has long 7-kilometre intensive jogs, does musclestrengthening exercises including those recommended by the well-known doctor, Sergey Bubnovsky, and is attentive to his diet. This clearly works, he is a hale and hearty man, looking much younger than his 75 years. In Ashgabad there are many followers of a healthy way of life. The city has the so-called ‘healthy path’. It is a unique, lit round the clock, 36-kilometre concrete walking route in the mountains, which is 5 metres wide, with convenient places for recreation. Mass ascents along this ‘healthy road’ are organized on the International day of health, which is celebrated on April 7th. When we returned to the hotel, from the window of our room we saw this path, lit with many lamps. The country has strong national customs: such enemies of health as cigarettes and alcohol are outside the law. Later we saw healthy eyes, faces, skin the colour of young boys and girls. While the faces of the officials are also free from signs of the traditional bad habits. During our business trip, Turkmenistan celebrated its 20th anniversary of neutrality, solemnly, by inviting distinguished guests from different countries. Watching TV, without understanding the words, is a rather curious experience where you pay attention to the details which are usually overshadowed by the information in the speech. Travelling through the city, at first with Piotr, and then his sociable wife Larisa, we saw the Monument of Neutrality and also,

in the glow of neon lights, the largest Ferris wheel in the world with closed booths, in the entertainment complex ‘Alem’, which is also included in the Guinness Book of Records… Ashgabad also boasts Turkmenistan’s independence monument. Piotr’s wife, thankfully announced that she knew our hotel and was even present at its opening, although she said that practically every week there is something new which is solemnly opened. Having said fond goodbyes to our new acquaintances, we returned to our sparkling new hotel. As reward for our adventure, we were glad to give Piotr 10 manats (nearly $10) and also a generous tip…

In search of braids and ‘Hottabych style’ slippers

he idea of searching for something in a story is not new: people search for matches in the film ‘Borrowing Matchsticks’, collect toast in ‘Kidnapping, Caucasian Style’, or lost treasure in the story ‘Treasure Island’, and even saviours of civilisations as in the ‘Terminator’ series. A similar theme entered into our trip. We were searching for slippers! Embroidered, with curled toes! We wanted slippers like Hottabych had, the hero of the Soviet fairy tale ‘Old Man Hottabych’ by Lazar Lagin, which the teenagers like so much. We also tried to find dried melon at the request of a good friend! Finding it became a point of honour for us, and thanks to the search for it, we met many wonderful people, it also helped us to know some people from our team much better. We so desperately wanted to bring those slippers from the city where our friend spent his youth in the Soviet 60s and also dried braided melon seeds. Everyone we met infected us with a desire to find both things. It was remarkable to see how people responded so positively to our requests for slippers and recommended places to try next in our search.

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Travel diary

Ivan Zhdanovich

Education Ministry stands join those of Belarusian higher educational establishments at joint Belarusian-Turkmen trade fair at Sergi Köşgi Expo Centre, receiving much attention and praise, since parents are eager to send their children to study in Belarus

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Questioning both Belarusians who had earlier visited Ashgabat, and local residents, including the all-knowing taxi drivers, was no use. We did learn a lot about the slippers however: these exotic goods were brought by Turkmen traders from the countries of the Arabian East and Turkey and even from India. Noone had seen the slippers on sale in the city, but they’d heard that they might be purchased at the Russian market, or in gift shops nearby. We also discovered it is possible to find any type of slippers — felt, fabric, leather — in the big flea-market Chigaldyk. But as soon as we specified what slippers we wanted, we were told that such slippers are not sold, they were delivered earlier, and that we would get lost and never find them… It would have been wonderful if, during our searches, we had found a magic lamp with its genie, and a flying carpet… seriously though, modern Ashgabad is not the city from the fairy tales of ‘One Thousand and One Nights’. Our quick note dated December 9th reads, “In order to learn about the life of this city from within, it is not enough to travel through magnificent, white-golden beautiful Ashgabad. Or to walk in its palaces and shops. Everyone speaks Russian well and

Slippers created in the national style by Turkmen masters are a true work of art, and were on display at a stand within the joint Belarusian-Turkmen trade fair

Ivan Zhdanovich

I hope our editors will forgive us, but this was an entirely romantic mission. We were extremely pleased to hear that the older generation of locals also knew of Hottabych, and we shared memories of childhood dreams of flying carpets and a magic lamp with a genie which fulfils all your wishes… It was a real miracle: Our ‘obsession’ with slippers did not do any harm to our work, on the contrary, it helped us to do it thoroughly. We relied heavily on our colleague, Ales Karlyukevich [Director and Editorin-Chief of Zvyazda Publishing House who introduced the books at the exhibition] and his Turkmen friends. On the first day of the exhibition, his friend Kasym Nurbadov, translator of works by Belarusian authors into the Turkmen language, appeared. He remembered visiting Gomel in Soviet times. In Kasym’s family there are 10 children, while the younger daughter-in-law is an academic soon she will become a reader of science and is an expert on Japan. We wondered whether someone in that big family would know where to search for the elusive slippers. Maybe this taciturn young woman could tell us, if we could only get her to talk… But, alas: Kasym had his own plans for Ales…

Travel diary

Ivan Zhdanovich

Famous Pesnyary band performed on the opening day of the joint BelarusianTurkmen trade fair, at the Sergi Köşgi Expo Centre, inspiring girls to take a great many ‘selfies’ with the singers

Ivan Zhdanovich

Belarusian goods are sold at Gulistan (the country of flowers) Trade Centre, including via private entrepreneur Devran

it is difficult to get lost. In order to look at Ashgabad closer, it’s good to spend some time in the flea market or visit the old areas of the city.” As to maidenly braids, in Ashgabad there are a lot of them. We admired them both at the exhibition and in the street. We even talked to one owner of long and beautiful braids. Jennet Mammedowa who is a student, studying at the Ashgabad economic university. She heard about Minsk as her friend lives in Vitebsk and sometimes visits the capital. Jennet willingly posed for our camera and promised to visit the exhibition. Almost all young girls in Ashgabat wear skullcaps (they call them ‘tahya’), while married women wear ‘boric’: headdress in the form of a cone shaped turban, both officials, scientists, and actresses wear it. Pausing for a rest on our travels around the city, we began a conversation with pensioner, Oraznabat Davletova, still working as a teacher of biology. She is fond of straw weaving and invited us to school to see the creativity of her pupils, but we unfortunately had to refuse her. We suggested that, with the help of the Belarusian embassy, she might make a joint Belarusian-Turkmen exhibition of pupils’ work, having established contact with one of the schools in Minsk.

In the country of flowers and spring

n visiting the Russian market, we easily found dried melon: Va k h a r m a n s k a y a me-lon, cultivated in Tychensk Region (in Turkmen –Vеlayat). The fruit is sold in the form of bars, and is nearly half a kilo in weight, in cellophane wrapping. It was possible even to buy melon chocolate. The young stallholders said that melon is not sold in long braids any more: probably it is not fashionable. but, we joked, your girls remain faithful to traditions: they still braid their hair and wear skullcaps. We photographed one seller of dried fruits and melons, while another joined in, having learnt that we are from Belarus. He told us that he will soon have exams in Mogilev as he studies by correspondence at the college, but he refused to be photographed. However, a colourful lady selling fresh vegetables and greens posed with pleasure. She, having heard that we wanted to learn the meaning of the word ‘Gyulyustan’, said that simply: ‘stan’ means country, while ‘gyulyu’ are flowers. So we vis-

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Travel diary

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of the most well-read nations in the world. Many people asked whether we were selling books. Teachers wanted to buy text books, parents, fairy tales for children, housewives, books of recipes, and there were also those who were interested in Belarusian cuisine. Postcards with draniki (potato pancakes) recipes were all sold on the first day of the exhibition. A special issue of our magazine devoted to Belarusian-Turkmen co-operation had been prepared for this event. On its pages were publications about the meeting in Minsk of President Alexander Lukashenko and President Gurbanguly Berdimuhamedov, about the construction of the Garlyk Mining and Processing Plant, and Turkmenistan’s help in the post war restoration of Minsk, as well as articles about a young ballerina from Ashgabat, Pervana Myradova, who has recently been accepted into the ballet troupe of the Bolshoi Theatre of Belarus. It was so nice to give our magazine to visitors, knowing that they will find a lot of interesting information in it. It was also pleasant to see the President of Belarus who, together with Turkmen friends, stopped near our stand. Here the Minister of Information, Lilia Ananich, presented the Deputy Prime Minister of Turkmenistan with the book of Gurbanguly Berdimuhamedov which was published in the Belarusian language under the publishing programme of the Ministry of Information. In the book, the President of Turkmenistan describes the life of his grandfather, a rural teacher. In the Turkmenistan ‘part’ of the exhibition we saw stands with souvenirs: it was possible to buy items made from stone, carpets, costume jewellery, magnets with views of Ashgabat and Akhal-Teke-fast horses, the pride of the Turkmens. We tried tasty ayran, and tea made with herbs from the high-mountains. At one of the stalls we bought walnuts in honey. While nearby — it was a real miracle! — we saw ‘old-fashioned melons’

in the form of long braids. Unfortunately, the seller was absent and didn’t return in the following days of the exhibition. On one of stands with carpets and other treasures, we saw small felted slippers, embroidered with bright braid, with curled toes. We were so happy! We asked for slippers in a larger size, sewn to order. The highly skilled worker had made them by the next day! Though not absolutely the same as Hottabych had, but with a coloured strip which is called ‘aldzhala’ — it is a charm of the Turkmens helping to turn away the evil eye and avoid greed. Nearby we talked to Batyr Meredov: a modest man who has studied in Brest and married Belarusian Maria; his brother lives and works in Baranovichi. Time and again during our travels we realized what a small world it is: everywhere we meet people somehow connected with Belarus. And if one of these people speaks enthusiastically about it, it makes us overflow with pride. By Ivan and Valentina Zhdanovich Minsk-Ashgabat-Minsk

Jennet Mammedowa, a student of Ashgabat Economics University, knows where Belarus is located, as her friend studies in Vitebsk

Ivan Zhdanovich

ited the Country of flowers. We saw Belarusian goods too: condensed milk from Glubokoe, sugar from Gorodeya, canned meat from Bereza, conserves from the Brest company Santa Bremor. We met with the market trader Devran who has been selling Belarusian products for almost a year. We spent a lot of time near the Russian market trying to catch a taxi. Then a young guy with a passenger in the back seat stopped at last. It appeared that we were going different ways but we introduced ourselves and got acquainted. When Bahar (‘spring’ — in Turkmen) learnt who we were, she proudly told us that just recently, she and other florists working in a huge industrial hothouse had finished making large beautiful wreaths from white and red roses for the Belarusian delegation. The next day we saw a TV news item about the visit of the President of Belarus to the People’s Memory Memorial Complex and his laying of the wreath on the monument to the fallen in the Great Patriotic War. Several hours before the opening of the exhibition, we bypassed all Belarusian and Turkmen stands and searched for slippers, again… There were a lot of goods from Belarus: products, furniture, gas cookers, wall-paper, toys… while outside we saw cars, truck cranes, unmanned air vehicle, tractors and cotton-picking machinery. Near our Ministry of Information stand was the Ministry of Education, where during all three days of the exhibition were a number of young people. Interest in the educational system of Belarus among the pupils of Ashgabat is huge. Neighbors told us how the young people asked in detail about the entry requirements for Belarusian colleges and universities. And after that they came to our stand: to look through the books issued by the Zvyazda Publishing House, the Petrus Brovka Belarusian Encyclopaedia, the Narodnaya Asveta. The people of Turkmenistan respect books, and describe themselves as one

MISSIONARY WORK

How Belarusians mastered Turkmen language In the history of Belarus-Turkmen relations the fate of Alexander Potseluevsky holds a special place

nfortunately, the Belarusian Encyclopaedia doesn’t contain reference to Alexander Petrovich Potseluevsky. Although the linguist, literary man and folklorist’s birthplace is Bukmuizha, in Rechitsa District, within Vitebsk Province, the location is now part of the Latvian Soviet Socialist Republic. His son Yevgeny sent me a copy of his father’s biography a few years ago, which details that his own father was a teacher in the countryside. He denoted his nationality as ‘Belarusian’. However, Latvia claims him as ‘its own’. In due course, Potseluevsky will gain his place in our encyclopaedias, being worthy. In his younger years, before going to Ashgabat (at that time, the capital of Zakaspiyski krai and called Poltoratsk) he attended a Vitebsk classical gymnasium, even though his father was not a man of means. In 1914, Alexander entered the Lazarev Institute of Oriental Languages in Moscow, writing: ‘Duringmy studies at the Lazarev Institute. I learnt French, attending courses with ‘Alliance Française’, and English, through ‘Societies of Convergence of Russia and England’. However, my main specialty was Turkic language’. He graduated from the Institute, ‘having received worthy training in Turkish, Persian and Arabiс languages’. Answering a question on his knowledge of foreign languages and those of the peoples of

the USSR, he stated: ‘I can read with and without a dictionary in German, Italian, Polish, Latin, Arabic, Anadolu-Turkish, Belarusian, Latvian, Azerbaijani, Crimean Tatar, Uzbek and Tajik. Moreover, I know French, English, Persian (Farsi), Russian and Turkmen well’. From December 1918 until June 1922, Alexander taught English and French at Vitebsk branch of the Moscow Archaeological Institute. Then, for about a year, he worked as a lecturer and teacher for Vitebsk Province Department of National Education, in the Eastern languages of the great Persian poets, recalling the instruction he received at the Lazarev Institute. He may have realized that he needed more training in the Turkmen language as, in 1921, he was sent on a business trip

to Tashkent, taking military language courses at the Turkestan Oriental Institute. In the streets of Tashkent, he loved listening to residents’ chatter, and tried out his Uzbek. In October 1923, aged 29, he was invited to join the Central Asian Railway School, in Ashgabat, as an instructormethodologist. Little did he know that he would only live for another 25 years. At that time, there was real lack of teachers of foreign languages, so Alexander taught English, French, Persian and Turkmen (which he had just begun to master) at Ashgabat railway senior school (named after K.D. Ushinsky), as well as at a senior school named after N.A. Nekra sov, and another named after A.V. Lunacharsky, which specialised in Persian. He took infantry commander courses and those on commercial knowledge, working every hour to learn. However, he still found some time for family life, having four children, and making a home for his now elderly and infirm father. Languages remained Alexander’s passion and Turkmen (so little known to him originally) became one of his most favourite, being rich and poetic. His learning continued, despite almost no textbook literature existing to help him. Prof. Samoilovich, at the Lazarev Institute, was his rolemodel. As a student, he had prepared his diploma thesis on the ‘Experience of Linguistic Research of the Tekke Sub-dialect of Turkmen Dialect’, including writing a short Tekke-Russian dictionary. His study was well received,

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MISSIONARY WORK earning him a gold medal from St. Petersburg University. In 1903, he began his first dialectological expedition to Turkmenistan, needing to gain greater understanding of the Turkmen language. Working independently, he toured markets, and travelled widely, making expeditions with colleagues to record examples of oral speech across the country, monitoring dialects and cataloguing vocabulary usage by several Turkmen tribes. Each year, he spent 2-3 months in the most remote areas of Karakum. In 1927, he travelled to Yomut (Yomud) and Gok-

course, he’d lived among the dehkans of the Nokhurli tribe for many years.” By 1920, Potseluevsky’s understanding of the Turkmen language had vastly improved. In August 1926, he appeared in the newspaper Turkmenskaya Iskra (Turkmen Spark) with his article on the reform of the Turkmen alphabet. Several other scientific articles and books followed, including, in 1929, his ‘Manual for Studying Turkmen Language’ (with the ‘Short Turkmen Dictionary’ as an appendix). He then independently prepared his ‘Project to Reform the Spelling of the Turkmen Literary Language’.

Time zips along, and scientific discoveries of our countryman, his hypotheses and convictions are developed in his students’ works. A lot of them have become Candidates and Doctors of Science in the sphere of Turkmen linguistics len, followed by a trip in 1928 to study the Anauli tribe. In 1929, he made an expedition to the Arsary (Ersari) tribe. He went to Salyr (Salor) and Saryk (Saryq) tribes in 1930 and, then, in December of the same year, studied the Nokhurli tribe. Potseluevsky was to return there during the Great Patriotic War. Moscow journalist Nikolay Golovkin (born in Ashgabat) mentioned to me that his own mother took part in that expedition: Doctor of Philology Yevgenia Yershova has been long retired but her voice is still energetic. She tells me, “At that time, I was a student at the Pedagogical University, where Alexander Petrovich held the chair of Turkmen language and general linguistics. He had an incredible capacity to work. However, we were young, so we didn’t appreciate the full wonder. We felt our whole lives before us, believing that we had plenty of time to move mountains. When we recorded dialects and folklore from Nokhur, the professor impressed us by chatting with dehkans as an equal. Of

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Collecting information on the linguist, I chatted with various people. In Moscow, the name of Potseluevsky is well-known at the Russian Academy of Sciences’ Institute of Linguistics, as well as at the MSU Institute of Asian and African Studies, and at the Institute of Oriental Studies. I wrote to Ashgabat, where I’d also lived and worked in the late 1980s, corresponding with various writers and academics. I couldn’t help but rail at

having ‘missed’ a personal acquaintance with Potseluevsky. I searched for traces of other countrymen in Ashkhabad but none were as prominent as Potseluevsky. His death in the earthquake of 1948 was an irreplaceable loss. That night, in October 1948, saw also the loss of his personal archive: 25 years of hard work on ‘Turkmen language construction’ allowed Alexander Petrovich to publish almost 20 books, creating a platform for several generations of specialists in Turkic philology. As this new century dawned in Ashgabat, the names of the most famous Turkmen people included Potseluevsky among them. The archive included references to works yet unpublished: 10 essays devoted to tribal dialects, comprising over 300 typewritten pages, and about the same volume on ‘The Syntactic Morphology of the Turkmen Language’; a collection of ‘women’s songs’; a manual on the Persian language; and materials for compiling a Russian-Persian dictionary. The work involved was enormous. After the earthquake of 1948, Ashgabat was restored rather quickly, thanks partially to help from Belarus, despite the country having its own troubles. The dialect collections of Potseluevsky were lost but his enthusiasm continued through the work of his pupils, in the homeland of Magtymguly. By Ales Karlyukevich

Vadim Kondrashov

IN THE FOREFRONT OF KINDNESS

Andrey’s snowmen

International project launches in Gomel to help young cancer sufferers he i mp e tus for this unusual international project, aimed at helping children suffering from cancer, was given by 4-yearold Andrey Semilit — a Ukrainian boy from Cherkassy who came to Belarus with a diagnosis of acute lymphoblastic leukaemia. Along with his mother, Andrey began making snowmen to sell to earn money for medical treatment. He received support from dozens of countries — including Belarus and Saudi Arabia. Social networks

posting ‘Everyone needs a snowman!” produced a wave of kind responses. Andrey’s mother, 28-year-old Alena, is waiting for me in a long corridor in the Children’s Haematology Department of the Republican Clinic of Radiation Therapy. She looks young and slim, with short hair. Her bright eyes show a determined character. She has not given up in spite of the hardships. Alena seem to read my thoughts, “Initially, when we received the diagnosis, I thought the world had ended. I cried day and night, but then I pulled myself together. Who would save my child if not me? The fight for my son is in full swing and we must win it.”

Andryusha is asleep after a chemical therapy session. He looks small and tired. We find a place in the playroom so as not to disturb him and Alena eagerly recalls her previous life. She had a strong family: a husband and a son, worked as a chocolatier at a major company selling Belgian chocolate. Andrey attended a kindergarten which he loved as he had many friends there. He used to spend his weekends with his father, fishing or walking in the forest. “He even had his own dinghy and a fishing rod,” her eyes are bright but her lips tremble while she speaks, but there are no tears. The Semilit family came to Belarus last autumn.

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IN THE FOREFRONT OF KINDNESS Several months before their arrival, Cherkassy’s doctors diagnosed blood cancer in Andryusha. According to Alena, the initial course of treatment failed and his health worsened. On the advice of the specialists, the family investigated German clinics but were unable to afford the treatment. “We needed a huge sum to begin; German doctors then advised us to try a Belarusian clinic. It took us just a few days to get in touch with the Republican Centre of Radiation Therapy, in Gomel. We were invited over and, more importantly, we were allowed to pay in instalments. The first part of the fee was collected thanks to the help of our friends and relatives.” Alena speaks of the advantages of the clinic: a separate ward, a clear plan of action, no need to search for medical preparations. Most importantly, their son’s health is improving. In November, the family had to pay another instalment but had only $500 available, instead of the several thousand Dollars required. Alena remembers those days and it can’t believe the miracle that has happened. “We decided to sell our flat in Cherkassy. We had an agreement prepared and I was about to go home to sign it. To entertain my son during my absence, I found a class on making snowmen on the Internet. Andrey loved the idea. I bought basmati rice and a couple of socks. We began our work and it proved to be easy. Patience, imagination and artistry were needed to make amusing creatures. I photographed the results of our work and placed the pictures on my Internet page to please relatives and friends. Unexpectedly, I received a message from a lady I knew: ‘The snowman is great. I need one the same and I’m ready to pay’. When I opened my page next day, I could hardly believe my eyes: there were several dozen orders of the same kind. A couple of days later, there were

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hundreds of orders. People who I did not know wished to help.” Photos featuring Andrey making snowmen were covered by dozens of Internet sites, printed media and TV channels. Thousands of orders were placed from all over the globe — including Belarus, Ukraine, Russia, Canada, Poland, France, Germany, Saudi Arabia, the USA, Israel, Italy and Cyprus. Alena spent days and nights sewing snowmen but eventually realized that she could not cope alone. “We did not want to disappoint people who’d responded to our tragedy so warm-heartedly. Honestly, we had no idea what to do. We received help once again from Gomel’s secon dary school #15, situated not far from the clinic, who suggested we open a workshop to make snowmen. The idea quickly spread through Belarus and master classes were soon organised in Gomel, Minsk and Cherkassy. The process is still going on as we want to fulfil all orders we’ve received.”

Alena speaks of other unexpected events following this. Many people transferred money asking for nothing in return. The family also received many encouraging messages and parcels with toys and books. With tears in her eyes, she recalls, “We got the impression that the whole world was uniting its efforts to protect Andrey. When so many people share a single goal, a miracle is inevitable. We collected the required $35,000 in an extremely short period of time, to allow for treatment and rehabilitation at the clinic. We continue receiving money as our campaign is still active; the funds will be allocated to Ukrainian oncology children who need medical treatment at foreign clinics.” The first candidate for this help is 4-year-old Taisia Shilova, from Donetsk. She’s recently come to Gomel for treatment, along with her mother. The girl has the same diagnosis as Andrey and both the boy and the whole city are assisting Taisia to collect the amount needed. The charity marathon, organized to help her, has united ordinary Gomel residents, companies and public organisations. No doubt, the required sum will be collected as Andrey’s snowman is a magician who inspires and brings out the best in people. Andrey is now awake and feeling mischievous, he stretches out his hand to the bedside table where his first snowman stands. He then looks at me curiously, showing me the toy. We make friends and I tickle the snowman’s round belly. The boy smiles, commenting, “He is not afraid of tickles! He is not afraid of anything at all!” “He is truly a hero,” I say. “I think he is like you. When he grows up, he’ll probably become a doctor.” Andrey amusingly wrinkles his forehead and replies, “It’s me who’ll become a doctor. He’ll help me.” By Violetta Dralyuk

EXPOSITION

Refreshing old history Ancient Belarus exposition opens at the National History Museum

By Viktar Andrejev

Alexander Stadub

his is, probably, the only place in the country showing such a wide range of items from the life of our ancestors, dating from early man until the 18th century. In 1993, this hall was revamped, showcasing the history of our country from the ancient times in the way it hasn’t ever been displayed before. However, time has passed and the exposition has been looking ‘old-fashioned’ in terms of display methods. The National History Museum’s Director, Oleg Ryzhkov, has decided to ‘refresh’ the existing set up taking into account that the museum currently has no opportunity to create a completely new panorama of the past event. Over the last three months electricians have added new lighting, and cards have been added in Belarusian, Russian and English. Meanwhile, the interior has been newly decorated. On entering the exposition hall I wasn’t taken aback. The layout remains the same but the changes are obvious, with exhibits now being displayed more ‘freely’, without being so cramped. The previous developers of the exposition wished to display as much items as possible; however, technical opportunities didn’t allow them to illuminate and to accentuate each artifact. Now, each one is individually illuminated, subtly, thanks to new lamps in the show-cases. Mr. Ryzhkov tells us, “We’re only now displaying originals, having taken away all replicas. Visitors should see ‘real history’. This exhibition is like a brief reference book for those wishing to understand the roots of Belarusian character.” The current exposition shows ceramic items and decorations used by our ancestors, indicating the gods to which they prayed (there’s a pagan idol from Shklov, as well as Christian, Judaic and Muslim relics), and which books were read (the range of languages is truly impressive). You can also see how the Fatherland was defended from the times when people wore animal skins and shot from bows until the days when they wore armour and used fire weapons.

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CULTURE NEWS

 Fascinating world of Chinese costume

 Excursion begins on the platform The National Tourism Agency Tourist Information Centre has opened in Minsk. This world class facility is situated on the ground floor of the Railway Station — sited to maximise passenger traffic.

he Centre will help Belarusians and visitors to the country choose the appropriate holiday experiences. Consultants will explain how to join organized excursion groups, also assisting in preparing individual tours. The information service is already in operation at Minsk-Passazhirsky station. Galina Kobyak, the Acting Director of the National Tourism Agency, explained, “Railway passengers and other travellers will receive information on the country’s tourist potential. We’ll also give them maps of Minsk and the regions, advertising flyers and other tourist literature. Kiosk consultants will help them choose trips and a tour operator, as well as a place to spend the night. They’ll also provide information on places offering national cuisine.” In February, the Information Centre will be open from 6am to 6pm but, next month, will close at midnight. The kiosk is primarily aimed at foreigners: information will be provided in English, French, Italian, Spanish and Chinese. Consultants will help choose a route for Belarusians as well. Moreover, the Information Centre will sell souvenirs: this will be a new service for Minsk’s.

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he culture of silk in China has been known since antiquity, before Christ. For a long time, the technology of silk thread production has been a much-protected mystery. However, even in our time, when silk production methods are well known, China has preserved its traditions.

 Contest held without jury, with TV viewers making the choice IVAN to present Belarus at the International Eurovision-2016 Song Contest in Sweden

or the first time the winner of the national selection round has been determined exclusively by the public phone and SMS voting. The Belarusian performer has already managed to appear at Russian T V channels, win-

Be lta

Artur Prupas

Magnificent Silk exhibition, held at the National Art Museum, demonstrates masterpieces of Chinese 19th-21st century weaving and embroidery, while vividly describing Chinese ‘costume art’

Magnificent Silk isn’t simply a collection of masterpieces of Chinese weaving but is a bright and wonderful history of costume. Devotion to this craft unites all people of the Heavenly Empire: from the emperor to ordinary men and women. The culture of Chinese silk costume continues to develop, with shops offering thousands of styles of clothing of various colours. Nevertheless, all are connected by common ancient traditions. Magnificent Silk offers a unique opportunity for visitors to see the wonderful world of Chinese costume: a bright example of great Chinese art. ning the Five Stars contest, becoming a super-finalist of the Main Stage project and being given the Producers’ Choice Award in the same project. Alexander Ivanov’s How to Fly song for the final gala-concert was written by Russian composer Victor Drobysh who patronized the young Belarusian singer in the Main Stage project and later became his producer. “It’s a great honour for me to represent Belarus at Eurovision. I’m grateful to everyone who voted for me, as well as to my parents and my team who worked with me and believed in me,” notes the winner of the selection round. The International Eurovision-2016 Song Contest will take place in Stockholm following Swedish Måns Zelmerlöw’s victory in the 2015 contest. A record-high number of countries, 43, will participate in the contest, held at the Ericsson Globe. The event will consist of two semi-finals on May 10th and 12th while the final will be held on May 14th. Belarus has to annually go through the semifinal in order to reach the final of the competition. It will become known later in which semi-final our country will perform.

festivals

Magic of Batleika Minsk hosts Republican Orthodox Batleika puppet theatre festival entitled, Niabiosy

The Origins of Nativity puppet shows Early examples of Nativity puppet shows, manger scenes and Batleika existed in ancient Greece. They are mentioned in church services in medieval Europe and came to Belarus through Poland. In those days, there was much contemplation of the world order, heaven and earth, space and time. They concluded there were three levels of existence; above was paradise, below was hell and in the middle, of course, was the earth. Craftsmen built a small house-like box with three storeys and simple puppets.

The box could be carried on the shoulders and passed from village to village and inn, showing performances about God, Satan, Herod the Great, angels, devils and peasant tales.

Naive puppets Even into the 20th century, Belarus was recognized as an important source of European culture similar to Germany, Poland, Russia and Ukraine. We have little information about Belarusian Batleika, however, traces of it have been found in Vitebsk Region, Mir, Smorgon and Dokshitsy. In the beginning, it was the priests who worked w i t h

Belta

he Minsk Saint Elisabeth Convent hosted the festival of traditional Belarusian Batleika theatrical art with the participation of 19 groups from Belarus, Russia and Ukraine. When one of adult puppeteers shouted at the, mostly juvenile, audience “Let’s do Batleika!”, they responded enthusiastically. The children of the convent’s Sunday school know it well. I am not sure however, that everyone is as familiar with this remarkable art form.

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Belta

festivals

Batleika puppets, then the practice spread to the local peasantry, now it is a skill shown by pupils, students and professional actors. We now have Batleika researchers, among them is the remarkable scientist Guriy Baryshev, who has proved that Belarusian Batleika is not simply folk theatre, but a whole cultural phenomenon closely connected by south-eastern Slavic roots. All Batleika festivals are now presented by a trinity of Russia, Belarus, Ukraine. It is not only a puppet performance in a box, but a festival of culture during the New Year holidays, where there are clowns, singing and dancing. This naive puppet drama is based both on religion and on our national mentality. For example, the three-storied house became two-storied in Belarus, as people were reluctant to give any attention to the devilry on the bottom storey. In the past, the church moved to persecute Batleika for misrepresenting the Gospel, while the Soviets complained the plots were too bold and controversial or, bizarrely, not clear enough. It seemed that it was doomed to failure, to be a museum exhibit, but this unpretentious art continues to live and develop, because it offers spirituality, uses clear language and teaches sound morals, empathy and mercy.

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The openhearted and ‘Tri Lika’ The Festival of Batleika Theatre for Children, Niabiosy, is a holiday for adults too, offering professional dialogue, an exchange of experiences, the development of international contacts and the strengthening of Christian traditions. During the festival, Batleika actors also visit orphanages, nursing homes, and disabled children. Actors and the public communicate through the language of art and bring great pleasure to each other. There is a programme of concerts, as well as games and quizzes for the spectators. Performances of children from theatrical schools are held during the intervals. The festival has a jury of experts and a team of volunteers. Every day there are master classes on weaving, needlework, animation and performances by the clown, Pugovitsa. Actor, Andrey Trezubov, is not so much clown, as master of games and the children are thrilled to be involved. Performance groups from Ukraine were unfortunately prevented from attending due to budget constraints, but sent an interesting video and presentation. Russia was represented by performers from Moscow and the city of Pushchino. Dushegrei Theatre headed by Svetlana Rupenkova, Alexander

Gref ’s Brodyachiy Vertep, TriLika Theatre headed by Victor Dragun showed a high level of professionalism and were recognized as the best of the acts. Alexander Gref ’s theatre, which won the Grand Prix, has existed for 25 years and has its own Batleika festival called Stary Novy God (The Old New Year). The Chairman of the Niabiosy Festival is the actor from the Russian Gorky Drama Theatre, Alexander Zhdanovich. He is recognizable among Belarusian children as the long-term (almost 20 years) anchorman of the TV programme Kalykhanka (Lullaby). He has a great deal of work at his native theatre, but Alexander decided to devote himself to this revival of the forgotten Batleika movement. At the festival he is both a presenter, and stage presence, as well as a comforter of crying children, and ringleader of the dances.

Dreams for Niabiosy Talking to the participants, it became clear that the culture of Batleika is following a new pathway with the creation of troupes in schools and colleges. It actively fits in with professional theatre, not only puppet theatre, but also the dramatic version. The Yanka Kupala National Youth Theatre’s film studio has already created a Batleika performance and expects more to follow. A good example of the propagation of Batleika art is the Chairman of jury, Head of the Monastery, Father Sergy (Khrapitsky), father of 9 children, four of whom participated in the festival. The organizers of Niabiosy dream about the expansion of the competition programme at the invitation of groups from Poland, Lithuania, Germany and other countries. Belarusian Batleika theatres today seldom reach further than amateur level and rely on financial help from city organisations. The festival is based on the enthusiasm of the organizers and a small amount of financial support from the Minsk Saint Elisabeth Convent. There are dreams for the festival to become one of the largest spiritually-educational activities for the rising generation. By Tatiana Orlova

PERSON IN MUSIC

Eduard Zaritsky:

‘Able to enjoy

others’ success and envy no-one’

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PERSON IN MUSIC

Popular composer Eduard Zaritsky has recently celebrated his 70th jubilee but never stops learning. Recently, he chaired the Young Talents of Belarus 5th artistic radio contest which — as the composer admits — was a kind of polishing of his personal professionalism

he Young Talents of Belarus contest is truly unique — covering all branches of the musical arts and uniting vocal performers, instrumentalists and choir ensembles. Youngsters gather from all over Belarus to demonstrate their talent and, when the contest has ended, the winning songs — performed by the writers themselves — are broadcast on the radio for a year! Moreover, the prize winners get an opportunity to receive a scholarship from the President’s Special Fund for the Support of Talented Youth. This year, around 300 applications have been sent to the contest and a hundred young people have gained entry. Artistic competitions of the kind are not merely a spectacular show. They make it possible to appreciate the level of young performers in the context of global musical art and its modern development. Only experienced and well known professionals are able to judge them fairly. Among them is Eduard Zaritsky. He heads the Young Talents’ jury which also unites famous artistes, composers, directors and producers. Moreover, he boasts rich ‘judging’ experience at other contests — including the Junior Eurovision. Our present guest is a People’s Artiste of Belarus, a composer, a conductor and the Deputy Chairman of the Belarusian Composers’ Union.

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Mr. Zaritsky has composed many musical pieces — such as symphonies, suites, concerts and over six hundred songs (performed by famous Belarusian and Russian singers in the CIS and beyond), as well as music for dramatic performances and films. He composes often for the Mikhail Finberg National Academic Concert Orchestra and spends much of his working time at this popular team’s office or at the rehearsal hall. On agreeing to our meeting, I planned my questions with the aim of finding out his thoughts on the importance of these competitions. Interestingly, not all winners remain on the music circuit for long. The Young Talents of Belarus contest demonstrates that our country has many talented young people who wish to sing. What do we need to win a Eurovision contest, for example? Eurovision is a great lottery. A song might be appreciated by professionals but audiences don’t choose it. The opposite is also possible. It’s hard to predict public tastes. Do you remember Denmark’s Emmelie de Forest who won the 2013 Eurovision? The barefooted singer conquered the hearts of everyone with her wonderful hair and singing. It’s hard for me to understand however, the victory of the Finnish Lordi band in 2006. Of course, some people love hard rock and modern youth has become familiar with it — attending many concerts. The sounds they produce seem to me like the noise of a steam hammer. Just as it’s impossible to eat fast food all the time, as it will make you ill, the same applies to music.

Persistence is vital to succeed in the music world. It’s also necessary to keep learning new things. I personally continue studying with pleasure that’s why remain in creative tonus

PERSON IN MUSIC In our modern times, many people write songs and compose music. They also arrange it and then perform. Is this good or bad? Sadly, it’s fashionable now to compose music, having no idea of the technical skills involved. Young people are often proud of this — saying that they’ve never studied music and don’t even play an instrument. This is not good or bad; it’s the reality. However, you’d probably agree that these songs would never achieve the popularity of ‘Moscow Nights’ or ‘Katyusha’, which have been sung for decades. People should make the effort to achieve a certain standard and create a quality product. I say this being a lazy man myself. I’m sure you haven’t been awarded a People’s Artiste award because you are lazy… All discoveries are made by lazybones. Who invented the vacuum cleaner? Someone who wished to get rid of dust in the shortest possible time. The same happened to me: I set a task and nobody else would have solved it. Being a professional, it’s probably easy for you to distinguish true talent… Not at all. This is the job of a whole team. Do you watch our ‘Academy of Talent’ programme? We are attempting to set aside subjectivity. Of course, we pay attention to singers’ vocal abilities and artistry. We discuss and make predictions on how a singer would build up their career in the future. We are also interested in their teachers and the background to their singing talent. Some come ‘from the street’ but there are few of these. Most singers have

trained and prepared. A talent is often revealed owing to the turn of events. My musically educated parents were an important factor in defining my professional future. My mother was a singer and my father played trombone. There was never silence in our house. I heard music from my childhood and, with this in mind, I recommend that all mothers sing songs to their babies — even before they are born. What problems do young artistes face? A competition win does not guarantee success in their future career… Winners naturally do face difficulties, as do those who are not in first place. In line with the rules of many competitions, only one winner can be chosen — although the top five or even ten Poster to the jubilee enjoy equal opportunities. As a result, when only one person wins, a backstage drama ensues. Mothers especially, are often angry, even talented youngsters disappear from public view mostly because they were never keen to be on the stage in the first place. Some performers suffer from great disappointment after several defeats and disappear in the course of time. The situation was different in the past when those occupying second and third places promoted themselves to become popular, while the winners faded from public view. Of course, financial problems also exist. In my own youth, you could often find a free recording studio. Moreover, radio stations not only accepted songs but even paid for them. Modern young people experience difficulties in promoting themselves.

The Young Talents of Belarus contest is truly unique — covering all branches of the musical arts and uniting vocal performers, instrumentalists and choir ensembles. Youngsters gather from all over Belarus to demonstrate their talent and, when the contest has ended, the winning songs — performed by the writers themselves — are broadcast on the radio for a year!

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CONTEST In short, it’s not enough to enjoy the support of the fans to appear on a major stage… History shows us many different examples — just think of Anna German or Edith Piaf. I believe music is a vocation which will always take you to on the right path. What should a young artiste do to further make a name for themselves, in your opinion? Persistence is vital to succeed in the music world. It’s also necessary to keep learning new things. I personally continue studying with pleasure. It’s funny to remember my childhood when I rebelled against playing my instruments. Mikhail Zhvanetsky once said wisely: ‘A violin is a fragile piece of plywood but it has ruined so many young lives.’ While studying at Music College, I had ambitions to compose something and, at the age of 16, I was a member of the first pop orchestra — involving the same young guys as me. Later I worked at the Young Spectator’s Theatre as a conductor, also composing music for performances. You know, children are a special audience: they are able to spot anything wrong immediately. Being a conscripted soldier, I then composed a song for the military and, while touring with the KVN team, I had to compose something new each morning, to hear audiences’ reaction to my work in the evening. That period formed my understanding of what the public loves. How is our music appreciated abroad? I’ve noticed a paradox: everyone reacts similarly to a certain part of my concerts in Belarus or Western Europe. It might appear strange, as foreigners do not know our language and don’t understand the sense of our songs. Why this happens and what touches them is a puzzle for me. I assume that Belarusian songs enjoy a unique melody: on hearing just a couple of notes, the whole harmony appears in the mind. The entire song is guessed on just hearing the first musical phrase. What are your criteria for success? It seems to me I’m successful as I’m able to enjoy others’ success and don’t envy anyone. This has been natural to me from a young age. The success of others acts as a stimulus telling me I need to work harder. The supreme moment of people’s recognition for me is to hear my ‘Victory Day’ composition, instead of a march, during a solemn parade in the centre of Minsk. Most of your songs are of love. Are there any other common themes? Love is the driving force of life. It’s a symbol of the origin of everything that lives. I can express it in music which, in turn, is everything to me. I have loved music since my childhood and I love the process of composing — either when I fail to succeed immediately or when I feel that someone from heaven is dictating the notes. In this case, I sit down to write a copy.

Darena Ignatenko, a winner of Young Talents of Belarus and a College of Arts student: In the past, I performed as a backing vocalist and participated in the Academy of Talents TV project. However, I’ve never taken part in a contest at such a level. When it started, I watched the TV news in the evening to learn that Belarusian radio were to hold a competition to find singers. We were listened to by such masters as Eduard Zaritsky, Eduard Khanok and Alexander Tikhanovich. It was awe inspiring. I would have been pleased even with third place, but thankfully, the results exceeded all my expectations. The title of the 3rd degree laureate gives me more confidence in my desire to do my favourite job. I have no doubt that contests of this kind really help in this.

Victoria Aleshko, a jury member of Young Talents of Belarus and an artiste of the State Youth Pop Theatre: I’ve been a part of just four concerts so far — winning grand prix awards at two of them and nothing at the remaining two. This does not hamper me today to continue my stage performances and view myself as artistically fulfilled. It sometimes happens that talented youngsters fail to receive prizes but this inspires them to work harder and fight on. There is such a thing as ‘a competition singer’. I’m not one of these. This is applied to singers who are perfect only during competitions. They have wonderful voices but are not good artistes. I personally appreciate feeling the artiste’s charisma and energy. Mark Bernes, for example, did not boast a wide vocal range but conquered everyone’s hearts.

By Alisa Krasovskaya

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GASTRONOMIC TOURISM

Alexander Ruzhechka

Belarus has long been renowned as an enormous food market uniting a multiplicity of small but original 'restaurants’ offering various examples of regional cuisine under one roof. There are so many of these recipes that one could certainly fill more than one recipe book. If we are currently unaware of our national culinary ‘landmarks’, the situation will soon be remedied, as a map of gastronomic tourism will be published, which will show places (agro-estates in particular) where it will be possible to try authentic national dishes. Undoubtedly, one ‘must visit’ destination on this map will be Grodno's Odelsk Region, with its ‘delicacies’ which have come under state protection as examples of our national heritage.

Tasty points on the map

R 48

eg ina Frants e v na S o l ov i c h , a s e l f taught leading rural chef, makes dishes that have long been an obligatory part of any local holiday. Regina had put her

cast-iron pot onto the stove an hour and a half before our visit and was determined to feed her visitors after their journey. We were taken aback by her hospitality: we had certainly planned to prepare Odelsk delicacies with her help but expected to have to make them ourselves.

“It’s as easy as pie, you don’t even need to be shown,” said Regina. She listed the ingredients and was happy to share the recipe for potato kishka which can be both an accompaniment, and a stand-alone dish, known as ‘Strava’ in the Belarusian language. It is made by adding cream and lard to grated pota-

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GASTRONOMIC TOURISM

Alexander Ruzhechka

toes. Then fill a pork sausage skin two thirds full and pierce in several places so that the 'sausage' does not explode in the oven. The chef reveals she has her own special grater, made by herself. She also advises that plenty lard is used in the mixture. Regina Frantsevna, what about salt and pepper? “Just a little bit, especially if the lard is salted, it is a local Odelsk feature.” Last autumn saw a large potato crop. The potatoes in Regina Frantsevna’s cellar are first-class — large and strong. In Odelsk, different variations of potato were used as a daily dish, the local women know a huge range of recipes. “We make 'Pyzy', oblong flat cakes from mashed potato with minced meat inside. So many people came to me to get the recipe for my kopytse: journalists, cooks from the capital's restaurants and many others! I boil the potato whole, then I peel it and mash it with the help of a meat grinder. I add pepper, salt, starch and one or two eggs. I form the kopytse and put it into boiling water. Then I prepare a gravy: I fry dried mushrooms, onions, meat or sausage.” The traditional table usually includes cold cuts of meat. It’s also common to serve a dish of assorted sausages, Medovaya or Prazdnichnaya sausage and some salami as well as the essential home-made fillet sausage, ham and gammon. Salted meat products and smoked foods hang in the expected place under the ceiling of Madame Solovich’s house. While it's not a problem for me to touch them, tiny Regina Frantsevna has to climb up on a stool. Many people prefer to buy their prod-

ucts in the nearest hypermarket whenever they need anything. In the villages many culinary delicacies are prepared beforehand. For example, home-made fillet sausage was prepared in the following way. “For several days, the meat was marinated in brine,” explains Gelena Zverzhevich, Head of the Odelsk culture and creativity centre. “About half a kilo of salt and one spoon of sugar was put into three litres of water. Or one hundred grammes of vodka, according to personal preference. Sometimes people salted it by rolling home-made fillet sausage in a mix of salt and sugar in the ratio 5 to 1 and it was left for two-three days. The sausage was filled with chopped meat, not minced. Before hanging it 'under the ceiling', the

Odelsk cuisine is not only a mix of ingredients, but also a set of certain rituals thanks to which they become not only delicacies, but sacred food for the stomach and the soul

sausage was lowered into salted boiled water with a bay leaf for a couple of seconds. Caraway, coriander and dill were added. Caraway was picked up in the marshes. While garlic now happily grows almost everywhere.” In order to add the Odelsk colouring to the meat, it needs to be smoked a little. The original smoker was a barrel dug into the ground, and in this Grodno agro-town it is the equipment of rural life that is used such as a shed, garage or bath. “As for firewood for smoking, the best is from deciduous trees, unless it’s a cherry tree. Like pine, it has resin,” the older residents say. “In this district people prefer hot smoking where the fat drips. When the stove has cooled down, the meat is left there to mature and it takes another 24 hours. The tastiest part is flank, streaky lard.” In western Europe people have special affection for turkey, while in the west of Belarus it’s goose. It is put on the table directly from the oven, filled with apples. “Poultry becomes especially juicy if it is baked in a cooking bag. But why goose especially? Once, there

Regina Solovich — author of exclusive Belarusian dishes

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were 14 mills in this area, and residents of Odelsk traditionally settled their accounts with the millers in geese, which had been fed with grain and oilcake,” Gelena Zverzhevich explains. We also thank the Odelsk millers for their stocks of high-quality flour which have ensured that the bread here is so amazing. Even at the beginning of the 21st century, when windmills are only restored for tourists, people continue to value Odelsk bread. The hands of our three ladies, Regina Solovich, Maria Iodel and Gelena Zverzhevich are now in dough up to their elbows. The process (accompanied by neverending flashes of the camera) is in full swing. Special fermenting adds the taste to local bread, and it can’t be made without potato. Among other important ingredients are bread kvass and caraway. “In the past, when we had our own grain, the bread was especially well risen. Now, it does not rise much, so people add yeast. The main thing is to know when to stop. If the dough was thick, the bread becomes dry, if it was watery, the bread spread. Grain loaves

were baked on cabbage and horse-radish leaves.” For the half day that we spent in Regina Solovich’s home, it became clear that Odelsk cuisine is not only a mix of ingredients, but also a set of certain rituals thanks to which they become not only delicacies, but sacred food for the stomach and the soul. “Many years ago, it was thought necessary to breathe life into bread. People drew a cross on the kneaded dough, and each loaf, after it was taken from the oven, was rubbed with sweet water using a goose feather.” Since ancient times, Napoleon cake and Viennese pies in Odelsk were replaced by lomantsy with poppy seeds and honey, original ring-shaped rolls, doughnuts and different poppy seeds rolled cakes. “It is a pity that it is now difficult to find poppy seeds,” Maria Iodel complains. “It was considered, the more poppy seeds, the more happiness. In our village people even added boiled pearl barley, it is the main dish for a Catholic festival. As well as boiled rice with raisins and honey for Orthodox Christians.” By Dmitry Umpirovich

The recipe of tzimmes (the Odelsk dish which became listed as part of our cultural heritage) In Odelsk it is made strictly with swede. Yellow swede, carrots, potato and meat (it is better to use fillet of pork with no bones) should be cooked in the cast-iron pot for 3-4 hours. Then all the ingredients are mashed together. It is very tasty to eat this dish with pickled cucumber.

TATIANA NEKHAI

GASTRONOMIC TOURISM

Guide for gourmands to be published in Belarus

n the near future, a gastronomic tourism map will be available in Belarus, with places where authentic national dishes are cooked and culinary monuments are situated. The authors of this unique guide promise to focus on national ‘tasty’ events. The Chair of the Board of the Belarusian Agro- and Ecotourism Association Country Escape, Valeria Klitsounova, has plenty of gastronomic plans and the culinary map is likely to be the beginning of a major work. A book containing around a hundred Belarusian national recipes will be a pleasant addition to the map. “Apart from the traditional paper form, our map can be loaded onto a phone using our mobile app for gastronomic tourists. A domain name has already been registered for the electronic version; in the future, we expect it to become a major resource, with new recipes and places continually added,” commented Ms. Klitsounova. The first issue of the map includes a hundred of Belarus’ convenient eateries; these are mostly homesteads and cafes in the countryside offering typical dishes.

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Unusual guide The crossed spoon and fork are the symbol of the project; these are stylised under the national flag. Visitors need not worry that they will meet multiple examples of draniki (potato pancakes), the organisers of the project are keen to break this stereotype and gastronomic tourists will be offered rare dishes whose recipes have been preserved in remote corners of Belarus. Among them are dumplings with dushas (in folk recipes, ‘dusha’ stands for meat filling which is the tastiest part of the dish). In Vitebsk Region’s Lepel District, these are commonly eaten for dinner. Disna butter and Polesie garlands are also worth attention. A culinary collection of recipes will be a pleasant addition to the gastronomic map. According to many folk recipes, village stoves are better for cooking traditional food, rather than modern baking ovens. With this in mind, it’s aimed at professionals, making a culinary tour, attending several master classes and only then attempting to cook something independently. Ms. Klitsounova believes that it’s a wonderful chance to revive Belarusian gastronomic traditions and inspire interest in them. The project has attracted students from the Belarusian State University’s International Relations Department. They’ve conducted a poll which has sadly shown that modern young people know little of national cuisine, nor are they much interested in it. To address the issue, the students of International

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Nadezhda Ponkratova

The first issue of the map includes a hundred of Belarus’ convenient eateries; these are mostly homesteads and cafes in the countryside offering typical dishes

Tourism organised a social media event: its participants were expected to cook a Belarusian national dish and place the results of their work on the Internet, under the №gastinia hashtag. The results of students’ attempts to cook kolduny (potato pancakes stuffed with meat), komy (potato balls with pork), potato babka or cranberry drink can be seen. The authors of the gastronomic map are hopeful that the recipes will soon be used in restaurants and culinary centres will open in provinces for anyone, including children, able to attend national cuisine classes. Motol, an agro-town in Brest Region, well-known for its delicacies, is the first potential candidate for such a centre. By Olga Pasiyak

PRESENTATION

“Heritage of Belarus” — to be continued… Alexander Alexeev and Oleg Lukashevich present new photographic album from their famous art series, at Belarus’ National History Museum

hen the f i r s t Heritage of Belarus edition was released, it caused a stir, even outside the sphere of culture. It was amazing how the young authors (both TV workers) managed to demonstrate greater mastery in producing illustrated materials

than more experienced professionals. The theme of their book was a true revelation, changing perceptions of Belarus’ allegedly modest historical and cultural heritage. The new edition aroused admiration and, some time later, Heritage of Belarus was presented to various top-level guests. Belarusian diplomats abroad always keep copies of the edition at their offices, ready to make presentations. Without doubt, the Heritage of Belarus art project is among the most

significant in its field, promoting understanding of our historical and cultural legacy. Alexander Alexeev and Oleg Lukashevich have created their own concept for presenting Belarusian history and culture, uniting the release of artistic albums, TV films and photo exhibitions, to achieve a single goal: the promotion of Belarus’ national wealth. Mr. Alexeev and Mr. Lukashevich have used new methods and means of expression, aiming to create a new per-

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PRESENTATION spective on our picturesque and unique panorama, its wonderful landscapes and architectural sites. It presents interesting pages from our nation’s history, contributing to an extensive and active cultural dialogue and opening up Belarusian heritage to the global community. The historical treasures depicted by the authors are a wonderful embodiment of the Belarusian nation’s spiritual and material legacy. They indicate Belarus’ special role within European and global history and culture. Belarusian masters built mag nif icent and elegant castles and churches, and made unique golden articles. With its geographical position, Belarusian lands did not simply copy the cultural traditions of Byzantium, Western Europe or the East. We introduced these exotic ‘secrets’ into the culture of our closest neighbours. The recent exhibition at the National History Museum showcased all the albums published between 2004 and 2015 — including Heritage of Belarus: Treasures. For the first time, significant objects of decorative-and-applied arts, made from precious metals, were gathered together, truly demonstrating our national wealth. Acting as pioneers in the field of reviving knowledge of our national legacy, Mr. Alexeev and Mr. Lukashevich have used photography creatively, depicting the enchanting beauty of gold and the aristocratic delicacy of silver. Readers can follow trends in church plate styles, complicated methods of metal processing and the creation of finished artworks.

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The authors now enjoy some fame, having proven popular in Belarus and abroad. Their albums are held by the world’s largest libraries, as well as by prestigious universities, and cultural and diplomatic establishments. They grace many private collections.

There’s no doubt that the Heritage of Belarus art project is a great event for Belarusian culture. Its authors have succeeded in showing the depth of our rich national legacy. Major research has been undertaken, and 44,500 books released: a unique publishing achievement.

Mr. Alexeev and Mr. Lukashevich have investigated the names of famous Belarusians, demonstrating Belarus’ ties with other states, and showing how certain people contributed to the global community and the establishment of the Belarusian nation. Facts and attractive filming are complimented by perfectly chosen music, to create documentaries both atmospheric and moving. Between 2003 and 2015, over twenty Republican and international exhibitions were held in Poland, France, the UK, Italy and Armenia. In addition, over 100 episodes of the Our Heritage series were filmed for television, on architectural-historical legacy. There have also been over 50 episodes dedicated to famous historical personalities born on Belarusian lands.

The high artistic level of the albums has been acknowledged by several major awards. On January 7th, 2005, the President of Belarus, Alexander Lukashenko, awarded Mr. Alexeev and Mr. Lukashevich the ‘For Spiritual Revival’ award. Moreover, the authors have received the highest award in the publishing sphere (bestowed for the first time in 14 years): the Frantsisk Skorina Diploma. It was presented at the 45th Republican Art of Books Contest, for their Heritage of Belarus. In 2008, the Heritage of Belarus: Treasures album was awarded a 1st Degree Diploma at the 5th International Art of Books CIS Contest and, in 2015, the authors received the Winning Diploma at the 54th National Art of Books Contest in Minsk, for their Treasures of Belarus.

PRESENTATION

Dialogue with project authors The National History Museum of Belarus’ recent hosting of an event to celebrate the launch of Heritage of Belarus featured an exhibition of photos from the edition, and a retrospective of all the albums released in the series since 2004. The circulation figures are impressive. What’s the secret of the book’s success, despite its high cost?

Oleg Lukashevich: You need to remember how we began the Heritage of Belarus series. Alexander and I were abroad and were disappointed at having been unable to find a worthwhile souvenir to give people, to show them something about Belarus. In 1997, I interviewed Pierre Cardin in Paris and the only gift I could offer him was a 50-page album on Belarus. In Paris, we visited a bookstore and asked for a guide on Belarus. We were offered one large book, with just two pages devoted to Belarus — featuring a photo of a beautiful sunset over Polesie marshes. Sadly, no information was available on Belarus. Every country has its own

enchanting landscapes; even the Saharan sands are wonderful. However, architecture enables tourists to learn more about a country. Visitors tend to tour architectural sites first and only then the remaining sights. Architecture indicates how far a country has developed and how richly.

Vis it i ng Warsaw in 2001, we spotted a unique edition by Polish historian and photographer Roman Aftanazy: Dzieje Rezydencji na Dawnych Kresów Rzeczypospolitej (A History of Residences in the Old Borderlands of the Rzech Pospolita). It united unique materials on places and castles situated on the territory of modern Belarus. Mr. Aftanazy toured those residences until WWII and took unique photos. When we saw them, we were amazed: it was hardly possible to believe that our Belarus enjoyed such treasures in the past. We prepared an initial list of all sites throughout Belarus. At that time, we were working for the Belarusian TV and Radio Company and proposed a major TV project, dealing with our architectural legacy. As a re-

sult, 100 episodes were broadcast over a period of two years. Nothing of the kind had been filmed before. Alexander Alexeev: Importantly, we began creating our own unique photo archive. You could buy a good digital camera by that time, which enabled us to begin the second stage: publishing a high quality album. We acted as photographers and designers. In October 2004, the first 3,000 copies of the Belarusian-English Heritage of Belarus edition were published and enjoyed incredible success: almost the whole circulation sold out in a month. Only about 50 copies remained by the time the album was presented in November, at the National Art Museum of Belarus. We received the ‘For Spiritual Revival’ award and our book was named a ‘bestseller’ in Poland. Oleg Lukashevich: Only then did we think about the reasons behind our success. The answer was simple: we’d prepared our book with great love, wishing to show our roots in ancient Polotsk lands. These include a 12th century church built upon the order of St. Yevfrosiniya Polotskaya, which boasts amazing frescoes. The album features every region of Belarus and has been a true revelation for many. We often hear: ‘It’s hardly possible to believe that all these sites are Belarusian…’ Alexander Alexeev: Of course, it’s impossible to make a high quality edition cheaply. The process is very expensive. Similar 320 page albums cost around 100 Euros in Paris. Our edition is half the price. Your albums don’t depict any ruins. Everything is so beautiful. Alexander Alexeev: Belarus has lost much, since almost every century has brought destruction. Castles, palaces, mansions and churches have disappeared as a result. Villages in Italy and Spain each have their own castle, palace or magnificent church, although many

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PRESENTATION

are in ruins. We could have featured Gervyaty Roman Catholic Church was ruins but chose to catalogue buildings taken on a miserable day. We left Minsk which have survived. We have no ruins and had to wait six hours until the sun comparable with Rome’s Coliseum and appeared, to light the church. It looks it would be strange to be proud of ruins magnificent against the contrasting sky of a mill or a mansion. The popularity and bright sun. of our albums indicates that we made Have you ever thought of taking the right choice. The creation of each pictures from a bird’s eye view? It’s edition is hard work and requires much now fashionable to use a quadcopresearch. ter to do so… Oleg Lukashevich: Taking photos of architecture might seem simple at first sight. Many people think you just take a picture, since almost anyone has their own camera these days. However, it must be said that not everyone can take a perfect shot. To photograph architectural buildings, lighting plays a major role in emphasising details, creating the necessary volume and intensity. To capture the best shots, we visited each place several times — on Minister of Culture Boris Sveltov rainy days and in (on the left in the photo) with the authors of “Heritage cold frosts. Our of Belarus” album book chosen shot of

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Alexander Alexeev: We’ve been considering this for a long time and even had a helicopter session. However, we came to the conclusion that we like to focus on architecture, rather than natural landscapes. Our Belarusian nature is very beautiful but we mostly focus on the aesthetics of a shot. Sadly, helicopter sessions above our villages and towns also show neighbouring infrastructure; in most cases, agricultural farms or industrial factories. This is our Soviet legacy, which lacks beauty. The value of such photos is exclusively documentary. We do sometimes use a 25m crane for shooting: it helps us rise over a monument, to emphasise its large scale and magnificence. The wave of interest in our national legacy — born in the mid 2000s — is p ar t i al ly d o w n to your work. Speaking of your new edition, how does it differ from those you’ve released before?

PRESENTATION Alexander Alexeev: It’s the first to be published in three languages: Belarusian, Russian and English. It features over 400 photos, taken from 2014 to 2015, and gives a clear understanding of how certain architectural monuments look today. We show our restored architectural legacy. Of course, restoration works are worthy of attention but, being in the business since 2001, we re me mb e r w he n public opinion was against the restoration of Mir Castle or Nesvizh. People thought we should only preser ve their beautiful ruins but time has proven t ho s e p e opl e wrong. Oleg Lukashevich: We could hardly have imagined, just 15 years ago, that the estates of Skoki and Merechevshchina, the palaces of Pinsk, Krichev and Gomel, the churches of Volchin, Vitebsk and Brest, the castles of Lyubcha and Lida, and the town halls of Mogilev and Minsk would be restored. Nesvizh now welcomes up to 500,000 tourists annually, showing that the restored site enjoys popularity. It would be great to see the Castles of Belarus project receive worthy financing. I’d like to show preserved sites rather than ‘lost heritage’ in each new edition.

Your books are held by the world’s largest libraries, as well as by prestigious universities, and cultural and diplomatic establishments. They are found in the libraries of the Pope and of British Queen Elizabeth II. You personally presented your book to Pope Johann Paul II.

Oleg Lukashevich: We presented our first book in Italy, in October 2004, during the Days of Belarusian Culture. Our embassy worked with the Italians to organize our stand, and the Italians sent us an invitation to attend an audience with the Pope. At the end of that meeting, a limited number of people were invited to approach the Pope, to receive his blessing. We had the great honour of presenting our album to Johann Paul II. Some time later, we received a letter from the Vatican’s State Secretariat, sent with the Pope’s

blessing. It expressed gratitude ‘for the interesting book — Heritage of Belarus — featuring wonderful photos’: high praise indeed. Alexander Alexeev: Of course, it’s pleasant to visit the New York Public Library, to find a signed copy of our book, and we’re delighted to know that Belarusian diplomats give our books to heads of state when presenting their credentials. We’ve personally presented many books to famous figures of culture abroad, during our work at film festivals, in Cannes, Berlin and Venice. While preparing the Epoch TV project, about famous Belarusian countrymen, we presented our albums to relatives of Ignaty Domeiko in Chile, as well as to the family of Marc Chagall in France and the USA, and to that of Napoleon Orda in France and of Nikolay Sudzilovsky-Russel in Japan. These were tokens of our appreciation. In fact, our Heritage of Belarus work has been used to prepare an application to UNESCO to include the Nesvizh and Polotsk sites on its World Heritage List. By Veniamin Mikheev On the cover there is a photo from “Heritage of Belarus” album: Belynichi Icon of the Mother of God. The ХVIIIth century. Is kept at the church of Novaya Mysh village.

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