BELARUS #1/2010 by BELARUS Magazine

No.1 (916), 2010

BELARUS Беларусь. Belarus

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SaSHeS SiLK Men’S WoVen By nS Were BeLaruSia ion HiT a True faSH During in franCe of THe reign ; LuDoViC XV re We THere To aT TeMpTS aLL faKe THeM pe. oVer euro nS CoLLeC Tio Began in THe LaTe y 19TH CenTur

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Contents

Беларусь.Belarus Monthly magazine No. 1 (916), 2010

Published since 1930 State Registration Certificate of mass medium No.8 dated March 2nd, 2009, issued by the Ministry of Information of the Republic of Belarus

Results inspire further work

Equality index

26 The mutuality principle From the New

Year, consular fees for Belarusian entry visas harmonised

Small town buzzes with life Belarus is a

Living archive History lover Andrey Kuvaev

Impossible becomes possible

President of Belarus Alexander Lukashenko: ‘I believe politics should be sincere’

Multi-vector approach In 2009, several

Rule of ‘golden middle’

Italians and Marko Italian Baldinini S.r.l.

events of long-lasting significance took place, defining the state’s foreign policy for 2010

to manufacture footwear in Belarusі

Looking into the cosmos and microworld Belarusian scientists and industrial-

ists produce unique devices to study the Earth and the Universe

country of small towns: 207 in total. Of these, 168 boast less than 20,000 residents. Each is unique in appearance, character and history

knows more about the Radziwills than any encyclopaedia

Emphatic characters What scares Svetlana Anikey the most is to become an actress in her real life as she believes that there should exist a clear division between art and life

An idol to emulate An Avenue of Olympic

Glory was recently unveiled in Vitebsk, bearing plaques reminiscent of Olympic medals. Belarus’ National Olympic Committee tried to gather leading sportsmen from the past and present for the event

Fortune favours the brave

Founders: The Information Ministry of the Republic of Belarus “SB” newspaper editorial office Belvnesheconombank Editor: Viktor Kharkov Executive Secretary: Valentina Zhdanovich

Design and Layout by Vadim Kondrashov, Georgiy Shablyuk, Aloizas Yunevich Беларусь.Belarus is published in Belarusian, English, Spanish and Polish. Distributed in 50 countries of the world. Final responsibility for factual accuracy or interpretation rests with the authors of the publications. Should any article of Беларусь.Belarus be used, the reference to the magazine is obligatory. The magazine does not bear responsibility for the contents of advertisements.

Publisher: “SB” editorial office This magazine has been printed at “Belarusian House of Press” Publishing Office” UE. 79 Nezavisimosti Ave., Minsk, Belarus, 220013 Order No.207 Total circulation — 2047 copies (including 622 in English).

Write us to the address: 11 Kiselyov Str., Minsk, Belarus, 220029. Tel.: +375 (17) 290-62-24, 290-66-45. Tel./Fax: +375 (17) 290-68-31. www.belarus-magazine.by E-mail: mail@belarus-magazine.by Subscription index in Belpochta catalogue — 74977 For future foreign subscribers for ‘Belarus’ magazine, apply to ‘MK-Periodica’ agency. E-mail: info@periodicals.ru

Polyglot Ivan Charota Those fluent

in foreign languages can easily sing songs, think and dream in their second tongue

Telephone in Minsk: +375 (17) 227-09-10.

2010 беларусь.belarus

editor’s note

New horizons

are in the centre of Europe and should build relations with all neighbours — not only with brotherly Russia but with the European Union. This is a lesson learnt. In 2009, we worked in a Western direction — to level out the situation.” There’s no doubt that work in this direction will continue. It can’t be otherwise; the multi-vector principle remains a priority for Belarus’ foreign

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беларусь.belarus студзень 2010

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ми круговых сборных несущих колец из алюминиевого сплава. А для компактного мюонного соленоида он изготовил сборный калориметр из латуни, интерфейсный вал с элементами крепления из нержавеющей аустенитной стали и опорный диск из алюминиевого сплава. — "МЗОР" был выбран официальным поставщиком этих деталей для CERN, — поясняет генеральный директор предприятия Виктор Бутко. — Весьма приятно и почетно, что труд белорусских станкостроителей помог воплотить в жизнь такой масштабный проект. В 2010 году эксперименты, проведенные на Большом адронном коллайдере, должны, наконец, дать ответ на вопросы о процессах, происходивших в космосе. Но и белорусские ученые самостоятельно, а также в сотрудничестве с зарубежными коллегами работают над тем, чтобы разгадать тайны взаимодействия ядерных частиц. Этот интерес имеет большое теоретическое и практическое значение, о чем говорит, в частности, соглашение о взаимопонимании, подписанное в январе 2010 года Национальной академией наук Беларуси и Бельгийским центром ядерных исследований. Оно направлено на развитие совместных исследований и подготовку персонала, на создание технологий по переработке и захоронению ядерных отходов. Эксперименты, семинары, обмен опытом будут проводиться в том числе по проектам, финансируемым Европейской комиссией. Между тем микромир служит лишь отражением процессов, происходящих в макромире — космосе. Белорусские ученые и специалисты также делают не-

мало для того, чтобы проникнуть в его тайны, а затем по-новому взглянуть из глубин Вселенной на матушку-Землю. Эти изыскания уходят корнями в эпоху СССР, когда практически ни один советский спутник или космический корабль не поднимался на орбиту без тех или иных приборов, созданных в Беларуси. Это сотрудничество продолжается и сегодня на постсоветском пространстве, но вместе с тем белорусские космические исследования становятся все более самостоятельными, самодостаточными, разновекторными. Вот очередной пример этого. Специалисты Научно-исследовательского института прикладных физических проблем Белорусского государственного университета разработали фотоспектральную систему для прогноза и мониторинга природных и техногенных катастроф. Предполагается, что уже в апреле 2010 года она будет установлена на Международной космической станции, вращающейся сейчас на орбите Земли. Что даст новинка? Она позволит ответить на многие вопросы, жизненно важные как для отдельных государств, так и человеческой

цивилизации в целом. К примеру, как распространяются песчаные бури или загрязнения, образовавшиеся в результате аварии на нефтепроводе. Или как зарастают пахотные земли, страдают от вредителей и вырубок леса. — Новые космические технологии позволят организовать регулярные наблюдения за развитием опасных процессов и явлений в окружающей человека среде и на основе этой информации принимать оптимальные решения, — считает сотрудник НИИ прикладных физических проблем Сергей Хвалей. — Иначе говоря, речь идет не только о регистрации природных и техногенных катастроф, но и о прогнозировании их развития. К слову, белорусские специалисты имеют богатый опыт в разработке подобного оборудования. Например, коллеги Сергея Хвалея несколько раньше создали современный спектрофотометрический комплекс для прогнозирования геофизических катастроф. Подобные исследования с каждым годом обретают в стране все более системный характер. Беларусь становится полноправной космической державой. Это подтверждают такие факты. Недавно здесь создано Национальное

космическое агентство. Приступает к работе центр управления космическими полетами, расположившийся на живописных холмах неподалеку от Минска. Наконец, готовится к запуску в 2010 году первый белорусский беспилотный космический аппарат. В отличие от аналогов он более миниатюрный и легкий, а вот разрешающая способность его оптических приборов вдвое выше, срок службы на орбите возрос с 5 до 10 лет. Координирует всю эту деятельность Национальная академия наук Беларуси. Данных дистанционного зондирования Земли из космоса с нетерпением ждут метеорологи и картографы, работники лесного и сельского хозяйства, других отраслей. Информация, полученная с высоты нескольких сот километров в режиме реального времени, позволит оперативно разрешать самые сложные экономические и производственные задачи. И это при том, что спутник будет находиться над территорией Беларуси всего несколько минут в сутки. Однако было бы нерационально не использовать его возможности в остальное время. Поэтому предполагается, что белорусские исследователи космоса смогут выполнять научные и коммерческие заказы других государств. А готовится ли страна к посылке во Вселенную космонавта? Пока об этом не говорят всерьез. Но и не учитывать того, что Беларусь во времена СССР уже дала миру двух участников космических экспедиций, вряд ли можно. Так что исключать очередное космическое путешествие гражданина Беларуси в будущем не стоит. Однако вернемся к собственно научным исследованиям. Сегодня они, будь то космос или медицина, невозможны без серьезного математического сопровож-

дения. Еще лет десять назад специалисты Объединенного института проблем информатики Национальной академии наук Беларуси в сотрудничестве с российскими коллегами создали суперкомпьютер, вошедший в число 500 самых высокопроизводительных ЭВМ мира. Всего через год белорусский суперкомпьютер вошел уже в сотню самых мощных. С тех пор этот результат еще несколько раз неуклонно улучшался. Сейчас белорусские ученые работают над применением так называемых ГРИД-технологий, позволяющих объединить вычислительные возможности суперкомпьютеров, расположенных в разных местах города, страны и даже мира. Многие из них уже связывает оптоволоконная линия, позволяющая мгновенно передавать огромные массивы информации. Что это дает на практике? С красноречивым примером удалось познакомиться в одной из 23 белорусских поликлиник, связанных с суперкомпьютером. В каждой из них доктор может с помощью специальной математический программы обработать обычный рентгеновский или томографический снимок, чтобы в результате сравнения с неким эталоном выявить патологические отклонения. А хирурги-онкологи используют суперЭВМ для точного определения границ опухоли. Машиностроители, в свою очередь, применяют новые возможности для виртуального проектирования сложнейших узлов и деталей, университеты — для обучения студентов. Этот перечень с каждым годом расширяется. ГРИД-технологии развиваются и в соседних странах Балтии, Польше. Белорусские ученые активно сотрудничают в области сверхбыстрых вычислений с коллегами из этих стран.

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Белорусские ученые и производственники создают уникальные при оры для изучения вселенной и земли

ольшой адронный коллайдер, построенный в пригороде Женевы в Европейском центре ядерных исследований CERN, сегодня известен во всем мире. Международное научное сообщество с его помощью хочет получить ответ на самые сокровенные вопросы мироздания. Для этого разогнанные с помощью электромагнитного поля в гигантском подземном кольце до максимальных скоростей пучки элементарных частиц должны столкнуться, чтобы породить новые, неизвестные еще человечеству вещества. Такие, которые образовывались в первые мгновения после Большого взрыва, положившего начало нашей Вселенной. Нужно ли говорить, что и оборудование, созданное для этого эпохального эксперимента, по сложности не имеет равных. Тем более интересен и весом тот факт, что в его изготовлении активно участвовали белорусские предприятия. Одно из них, удостоенное за изготовление и сборку элементов Большого адронного коллайдера сертификата CERN, — Минский станкостроительный завод "МЗОР". На этом предприятии, за свою столетнюю историю внесшего немалый вклад в производство специального высокотехнологичного оборудования для обработки крупногабаритных металлических деталей, изготовлены элементы для двух детекторов ATLAS (Toroidal LHC ApparatuS) и CMS (Compact Muon Solenoid). Что стоит за этими названиями, подлинный смысл которых понятен только ученым и специалистам? Для проекта ATLAS завод произвел детали вось-

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Сейчас белорусские ученые работают над применением так называемых ГРИД-технологий, позволяющих объединить вычислительные возможности суперкомпьютеров, расположенных в разных местах города, страны и даже мира

nd oubte d ly, u nd e rstanding comes through comparison. At the start of each new year, we always hope that it will prove better than the past. We wish this for our relatives and ourselves — even when we’ve seen success. It’s human nature to desire new opportunities and new prospects. The same principle can be applied on a national scale. Future success is built on today’s achievements. Of course, the Взгляд global crisis has affected в космос и в… микромир them but, according to the President (who Б recently met journalists) ‘the country has begun to raise its economic figures, enabling us to systematically increase salaries’. We can feel optimistic about 2010. The state is working towards improved living standards for every Belarusian. One of our articles is entitled I Believe Politics Should Be Sincere and Fair, echoing the words of the President of Belarus. Speaking to 250 central and regional journalists — state and private — he announced his disagreement that ‘politics is a dirty business’. Making forecasts for the future, Mr. Lukashenko emphasises the urgent need to overcome the negative consequences of the global crisis promptly, restoring our pre-crisis pace of economic growth and enhancing the population’s welfare. The Belarusian President also spoke of lessons learnt in 2009. According to him, the main lesson learnt from foreign policy is that, having announced its multi-vector policy, Belarus ‘has relied too much on its Eastern wing’. “We’ve forgotten that we

Владимир Бибиков

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policy. Multi-Vector Approach explores interaction with European structures, analysing prospects within the Eastern Partnership initiative, and via other, primarily regional, programmes. Science is the key to much progress, as noted in Looking into the Cosmos and Micro-world. Belarusian scientists and manufacturers are creating unique devices to study the Earth and the Universe. The Large Hadron Collider, built near Geneva, is famous worldwide but few realise that one of Minsk’s machine-tool plants has manufactured some of its components. This year, Large Hadron Collider experiments should finally give answers to some of the fundamental questions of the

Universe. We look at how Belarusian scientists are investigating the mysteries of Earth and space independently and jointly with foreign colleagues. Hopes are pinned on the country’s Centre for DNA Biotechnology at the National Academy of Sciences — recently officially accredited. Peculiarities of unique scientific work are presented in Key to Genetic Cipher. Belarus is ranked 34th in the World Economic Forum’s annual Global Gender Gap Report, outstripping many postSoviet countries and, even, European states. In Equality Index, we note gender problems and their solutions, looking at Belarusian women’s opportunities in the workplace, as well as in their public and private lives. Around three million people currently live in Belarus’ small towns — almost a third of the country’s population. They rely on the economic, social and cultural ‘well-being’ of their settlements. Small Town Buzzes with Life looks at the development of small and medium-sized towns — as outlined by the state programme. Our life is rich and diverse, as proven by several other articles. We look at our natural wealth and talented people and those who preserve natural traditions, as well as spirituality and culture. January sees the annual ‘For Spiritual Revival’ Presidential Awards bestowed, so you can read about this year’s laureates from our issue. BY Viktor Kharkov, magazine editor Беларусь. Belarus

topical

Memorable events 2009 was action packed… but what pleased and distressed us most? What will we remember from the past year?

ithin the next four years, Minsk will host matches b etwe en C anada and Sweden, Finland and Russia. No longer a fantastic dream, Belarus is to host the 2014 World Ice Hockey Championship. In October, the largest biosphere reserve in Europe — the Belovezhskaya Pushcha — celebrated its 600th birthday. The site is enjoying growing popularity among tourists, including those from Europe — who come to admire its raw, virgin landscapes. In fact, 2009 was named the Year of the Belovezhskaya Pushcha by UNESCO. In late September, Minsk gathered 56 beauties from all over the world, hosting the Miss Intercontinental pageant for the first time. The platinum crown, spangled with hundreds of diamonds, went to Venezuelan Hannelly Quintero, aged 23. Belarusian Maria Yesman received three awards: ‘First Runner-Up’, ‘Miss Intercontinental Europe’ and ‘Miss Congeniality’. Additionally, in 2009, cardio-surgery entered a new level. In February, the first heart transplantation operation was carried out in Belarus; our doctors had been working hard to this aim for eight years. In March, the Opera and Ballet Theatre re-opened after three years of reconstruction, launching with a grand galaconcert. The building boasts numerous technical novelties while preserving its original appearance, designed by Iosif Langbard.

Sadly, last year was clouded by air catastrophes. In August, a Belarusian Su-27 fighter crashed during an aviation show, near Polish Radom, and two pilots died. In late October, a small Russian aircraft (S-Air company) failed to land at Minsk’s National Airport, killing five people. Several days later, a Polish border guard helicopter crashed while on patrol along the border, killing its three crew members. In May, Moscow hosted Eurovision, with many of us travelling to the Russian capital (or watching on TV) to support Belarusian Piotr Yelfimov. He failed to reach the finals, but charming Norwegian violinist Alexander Rybak (born in Belarus but residing near Oslo for almost twenty years) took first place with his sincere Fairytale. He broke all records and was a worthy winner. In July, Minsk suffered a two hour downpour of about 55mm of rain — more than half the monthly norm! The sewerage system failed, flooding Nemiga Street badly; the water level rose to almost one metre.

 MARCH

 MAY

 JULY

 SEPTEMBER

By Dmitry Umpirovich

 OCTOBER

2010 беларусь.belarus

Topical

President of Belarus Alexander Lukashenko:

‘I believe politics should be sincere’

Belta

“I

see today’s talk as absolutely sincere and all-embracing — both from the point of view of its themes and the geography of questions,” Alexander Lukashenko asserted at his latest press conference. The President’s meeting with the media took place at the National Library, on New Year’s Eve. Mr. Lukashenko radically disagrees with the idea that ‘politics is a dirty business’. “I believe that politics should be

беларусь.belarus 2010

sincere and fair,” he stressed. His words certainly inspired trust among about 250 journalists. These included reporters from central and regional, state-run and private media, all of whom had the opportunity to address the Belarusian President directly. Some were present at the hall, while others from regional studios used a live TV bridge. The President was asked around four dozen questions and even more could have been asked if Mr. Lukashenko hadn’t expressed his views on some basic topics

before the interviews began. In his forecast for the near future, the President emphasised the urgent need to realise all aspects scheduled for the five year plan. “We must overcome the negative consequences of the financial-economic crisis — which burst onto our planet — in the shortest possible time. We should restore the pre-crisis pace of economic growth and, naturally, ensure that people’s standard of living improves,” he stressed. Here is a summary of the President’s talk with journalists.

Topical On national language. The President is convinced that language related issues have been solved, via the referendum. “If you wish to speak Belarusian, please do. No one will stop you. If you want to speak Russian then feel free,” he said, briefly explaining the core of the problem. “Language is a sphere which cannot be controlled — by dictatorship or violence.” His words can be illustrated by two examples. The President said that, every year, the number of students successfully passing exams in Belarusian grows, which is a good trend. He noted that his youngest son is slowly absorbing the language via Belarusian songs, adding, “Let’s put aside this very delicate and nagging theme. Thank God, we haven’t committed follies in this area.” On reforms. According to the President, their pace depends on the readiness and wishes of the population. “If you are ready for avalanche privatisation, then, for God’s sake, we’ll sell all state property in half a year,” Mr. Lukashenko stressed. “However, people won’t approve. If the public were to be told the true nature of privatisation — its good and bad points — I’m convinced that only about 10 percent would say we need it.” On the Customs Union. “We'll lose

nothing but could gain much,” Mr. Lukashenko explained. However, he noted that it’s naïve to believe that the Customs Union will automatically lift all problems between member states. “There are many problems. Russia doesn’t want to lose its hold on the supply of natural gas, oil and oil products. However, no other situation seems possible. We’ll need to spill much blood — our own and Russia’s — before we agree…”

Clarification on salaries of $500. Speaking of the feasibility of

such plans, the President stressed, “We have planned not just for words — to accompany the election campaign. Five years ago, we promised to raise salaries to this sum.” Mr. Lukashenko notes that Belarus has begun demonstrating

“We must overcome the negative consequences of the financial-economic crisis — which burst onto our planet — in the shortest possible time. We should restore the pre-crisis pace of economic growth and, naturally, ensure that people’s standard of living improves”

Alexander Lukashenko

economic progress, enabling officials to speak of raising salaries.

On dialogue with the West. “Believe me, there is nothing I haven’t been asked about in public. We are cutting a window to Europe — not to enable me to go to Austria to ski, as some people have written. We are cutting this window because Europe accounts for 44 percent of our exports (30 percent are sold to Russia). The President believes that, under such conditions, it is ridiculous to say that he intends ‘to deceive Europe’. “I tell Europeans openly: let me know if you intend to continue the present policy of playing cat and mouse with us. Sanctions seem to remain, despite having been abolished for a year. How should I react?” the President asked logically. He answered, “I understand that they are waiting for the presidential elections. They want to keep me dangling for some time. We’ll find other channels of conducting dialogue with you.” On the threat to sovereignty regarding closer integration with Russia. According to Mr. Lukash-

enko, ‘we are too focused on this issue’. “The world stopped thinking like that a long time ago, yet we still cling to the icon of sovereignty,” he remarked, adding, “Sovereignty is power over a territory. What power are we losing? Rather, we see profit and want to give it to our people…” Within the Customs Union, a supranational organ is to decide by majority

vote. This could contradict our interests, so more than 600 sensitive positions have been outlined — whereby decisions cannot be made without Belarus’ consent.

On controlling the Internet.

“Access to the Internet will not be restricted in Belarus but regulations will be toughened,” Mr. Lukashenko said. “We must and will respond to what’s happening. However, we won’t prohibit anything. There will be no bans — only responsibility. We’ll make it so that lies and truths are made known. Those who break the law will bear responsibility.”

On lessons learnt in 2009. The President believes that the main lesson learnt from foreign policy is that, having announced its multi-vector policy, Belarus ‘has relied too much on its Eastern wing’. “We’ve forgotten that we are in the centre of Europe and should build relations with all neighbours — not only with brotherly Russia but also with the European Union,” he stressed. “This is a lesson learnt. In 2009, we worked much towards the West — to level out the situation.” According to Mr. Lukashenko, the major economic lesson is that modernisation should have been conducted more quickly. “This would have made it possible to overcome the crisis more easily,” he supposed. “The main lesson we’ve learnt is that we have one land — one country where we and our children live,” the President asserted, summing up his views. 2010 беларусь.belarus

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Spirituality

Results inspire further work Traditionally, in January, during Christmastide, ‘For Spiritual Revival’ Presidential Awards are bestowed in Belarus, alongside special awards to notable scientific and art figures

“B

elarusian literar y legend Kuzma Chorny once said that ‘the joy of labour demands that everything done well is recognised’. These words perfectly reflect the purpose of our awards, which we give to honour the most worthy representatives of our society,” noted Alexander Lukashenko, speaking at the Palace of the Republic’s awards ceremony. He emphasised that the

беларусь.belarus 2010

annual event is unique in the CIS in including the recognition of creative achievements, “There are representatives of various professions among the laureates of the ‘For Spiritual Revival’ Award and special awards. However, they share a common feature: tireless service to the Belarusian nation. Our Fatherland relies on such enthusiasts.” Chatting to the laureates, it’s clear that they are motivated by love for their work and for their country. Fellow jour-

nalist Maxim Korotkin works for the Belarusian State TV and Radio Company and has been given the ‘For Spiritual Revival’ Award as a member of the Agency of TV News team. The Belarusian Land documentary has been a revelation for many people, so I’m keen to learn his impressions. “This project also stunned us,” Maxim admits. “We were surprised at how amazing Belarus is, studying its layers of cultural and historical heritage.” However,

Mr. Korotkin modestly adds, “The best award for us will be TV viewers’ desire to visit the sites in Belarus w h i ch we’ve show n i n our project. I’m confident that there will be many.” Examples of our ancient legacy are also viewable in a new edition released by the publishing house of the Belarusian Exarchate — the 16th century Slutsk Gospel. Vladimir Grozov, Director of the publishing house, heads the project. He is a creative person and an active manager, full of ideas for the future. “Although Slutsk Gospel is very important for our publishing house and for Belarusian society, it is only one aspect of our activities — although interesting and vital. We’ve now begun to prepare a family edition of the 12th century Polotsk Gospel,” he tells us. “Returning these relics to life brings restoration of the spiritual pillars supporting our nation. We

Denominations can show that our people have a huge spiritual tradition.” Mr. Grozov explains, “There are no tasks, including economic, which can’t be fulfilled when a nation has spiritual strength to protect it.” The Archbishop of Gomel and Zhlobin Aristarkh has been awarded the Presidential Award for his personal contribution to the revival and preservation of the spiritual, historical and cultural heritage of the Belarusian nation. “2009 was a very tense year — physically and morally,” muses the Archbishop. “However, the life of a Christian is a constant struggle — primarily, with oneself. This struggle allows us to develop, becoming better and stronger…” It’s n o won d e r t h at doctors are also among the laureates of the ‘For Spiritual Revival’ Award. Their selfsacrificing work goes above and beyond the call of duty. Staff at the Hospice Palliative Care Hospital were among those recognised. Director Olga Mychko asserts, “The most important thing in life is to do good. We help cancer patients with little time left on Earth to find their way to God.” Mr. Lukashenko warmly congratulated the laureates and wished them inspiration and further achievements. I recall the words of a romantic and wise man, a philosopher and a man of faith, Roman Catholic priest Juozas Bulka, from Mosar (who recently passed away). My title is inspired by him — also a laureate of the Presidential Award. By Vitaly Volyanyuk

Sacred truths The new generation has many distinguishing features but the brightest may be its way of developing interconfessional dialogue. Judging by history, one would think it impossible for different Christian confessions to hold profound theological debates in Minsk. Yet discussions are dynamic, covering the themes of culture, morality and global challenges facing Orthodox believers, Catholics, Protestants, Muslims and Jews

he international conference Christian-Jewish Dialogue: Religious Values as the Basis for Respect in the Civil Society amid the Global Economic Crisis — held in Minsk recently — was especially significant. Two aspects are of note. Firstly, this is not the first such top level inter-religious event to be hosted by our country. Moreover, the Belarusian Orthodox Church often takes the lead in such matters. This echoes the ethos of the state, which adheres to the values of tolerance and inter-confessional peace. It also shows unity of understanding of modern humanitarian problems by the secular authorities and hierarchs of the largest religious confession in the country. The President of Belarus, Alexander Lukashenko, noted in his speech to conference participants that B elar us’ exp er ience in the field of building equal, friendly relations between those of different faiths could be interesting and useful to other c o u nt r i e s . “ Yo u , t h e le aders of religious movements,

are demonstrating an example of good neighbourly relations not only to believers but to politicians and all people of good will,” he told Metropolitan Filaret, the Chairman of the Pontifical C ouncil for Promoting Christian Unity — Cardinal Walter Kasper, a member of the United States Conference of Catholic Bishops — Theodore McCarrick, and the Chief New Immigrant Rabbi of Jerusalem Rabbinate — Yehuda Gordon. The country’s example is truly valuable. According to the President, ‘global crises and local military conflicts, religious intolerance, xenophobia, aggressive nationalism and opposition of one culture to other threaten the stability of our planet’. Symbolically, Minsk conference coincided with the International Day against

Fascism and Antisemitism. This day aims to eradicate the evil which, not long ago, divided many by race and religious belief and, in its blind hatred, caused great suffering around the globe. “Today, the whole world, with a heavy heart, recalls the awful genocide which the fascists imposed on Belarusians, Russians, Poles, Jews, Ukrainians and other nations. Belarus lost every third citizen,” Mr. Lukashenko reminded conference participants, noting that, although much time has passed since WWII, the modern world is yet to become calmer, more humane and fair. He added that ‘inter-confessional dialogue is now gaining topicality and significance’. The President is convinced that the future relies on constructive dialogue between people of good will. By Dmitry Krymov

2010 беларусь.belarus

Trends

Multivector approach In 2009, several events of long-lasting significance took place, defining the state’s foreign policy for 2010

ast year, Belarus joined the Eastern Partnership programme. Meanwhile, there were several high level visits to Minsk, with Belarusian top officials travelling abroad. Relations with Europe have been temperamental for many years, so today’s dynamics are a revelation. Additionally, the relations with our closest neighbours — Ukraine, Kazakhstan and Russia — have been dynamically developing. The signing of the Customs Union agreement in Minsk was perhaps the most important event. Progress will continue through 2010, building on the foundations of the last year’s foreign policy. In my view, the main goal of 2010 will be the harmonisation of two strategically important foreign political vectors. The four platforms of the Eastern Partnership programme create a framework for true co-operation with the EU and with neighbouring states — proceeding from shared regional interest. We should strengthen our bilateral liaisons and create possibilities

беларусь.belarus 2010

for more fruitful co-operation across the board. Relations with the EU are likely to improve in general, raising the level of political interaction. Many are surprised that Belarus is so well-prepared for participation in the new European programme, keen to move into concrete projects. The EU’s new policy regarding the six countries of Eastern Europe should gain constructive dimensions this year. Experts say that Belarus will be focusing on the development of its transit possibilities: the development of the second and ninth transport corridors, issues of energy security, the simplification of customs procedures and the implementation of e-declaration for cargo. Jointly with Ukrainian and L it huanian par tners, we’ve prepared about 20 regional projects within the partnership, in the fields of energy, energy security, transport, transit, border management, tourism and ecology and regarding the general cultural and historical heritage of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. Strategic projects include the creation an Odessa-

Brody-Gdansk oil pipeline, as well as the supply of electricity from Ukraine to Lithuania via Belarus, and co-operating in the field of renewable energy (solar, water and wind). A major aim is to raise the reliability and security of the energy system, constructing a corridor from the former Soviet states to Poland. The attraction of European investments into the construction of gas storage in Mozyr is also a huge part of the plan. A Klaipeda-Vilnius-Minsk-Kiev motorway is on the agenda, alongside a European-level ‘Viking’ rail link (from Odessa to Klaipeda via Minsk). In the customs field, infrastructure is being modernised, with personnel trained to the highest level. Belarus’ Foreign Minister, Sergei Martynov, met foreign ministers from the Eastern Partnership’s member states in December. He then stressed the necessity of bringing in financing from European institutions as soon as possible, noting the importance of prompt decision making to bring a liberalised EU trade regime for country-members. From our

Trends

point of view, the European Partnership will benefit both Belarus and Europe. The Eastern vector retains importance, of course. In 2009, Belarus, Kazakhstan and Russia signed their Customs Union, within the framework of the EurAsEC. This landmark agreement will have long-term strategic significance, influencing the geopolitical alignment of world forces. A huge market is being created. Aggregate stocks of oil stand at 90bn barrels, while total GDP totals $2 trillion. Aggregate turnover is set to reach $900bn, with agricultural products worth $112bn. The Customs Union opens good prospects for its members — activating the establishment of joint production, lifting customs and administrative barriers to trade, and facilitating the import of resources and components from third countries (cleared at the Customs Union border, then freely sold within the single customs territory). A single customs tariff is to be applied, in addition to other single measures to regulate the trade of goods with third countries.

Excluding border control, customs and state control will shift to the external border of the Customs Union. This will facilitate transit potential, while aiding transit of cargo from Europe to Asia (where the major markets of Russia, Kazakhstan, China and Japan are situated). Our country also hopes the Customs Union will stimulate the domestic car building industry. Belarus, Kazakhstan and Russia should see their GDP grow by an additional 15 percent by 2015. Our united economy could be significantly boosted once customs restrictions are lifted, with mechanisms of deep integration working within our single economic space. Within the framework of the Customs Union, Belarus plans to agree an affordable price for Russian gas and profitable conditions for oil supplies. Minsk insists on equal terms for all legal entities within the Union, to ensure fairness. This won’t be easy to achieve. Major changes cannot be achieved overnight and not without problems. It’s a complicated issue of matching national interests and finding compromises. Much effort will be needed in 2010 to harmonise our three states’ interests and adopt responsible and mutually beneficial decisions. Time will tell. In 2010, Belarus will surely focus on levelling of its foreign trade balance. The reasons for losses in 2009 are clear, rooted in the global crisis. Foreign trade is vital to our country, so guides our foreign policy accordingly. The Centre for International Studies at the Belarusian State University is to provide expert support during Belarus’ participation in the EU’s Eastern Partnership programme. This is to include four seminars regarding promising spheres of liaison. Meanwhile, the country is working on strengthening its international image via Belarus’ Strategy for Cultural Presence in the World and Innovative Technologies for its Realisation. This strategy will govern the interaction of various mechanisms of foreign policy,

including those within the cultural sphere. It will take into consideration modern political, economic, sociocultural and information processes, and will be of an exclusively applied, practical character. Culture is an inseparable part of a country’s image and an important part of the state’s foreign policy. New information and communication technologies raise possibilities several fold. The world’s leading countries have shown that cultural diplomacy can help achieve national interests. Belarusian culture has far to go before fully revealing its potential. This relatively untapped resource could bring recognition for the country within the international arena. In 2010, we plan to complete work on the History of Belarusian Diplomacy photo-archive. Additionally, we are to continue studying problems of transborder co-operation. The scale of our collaboration is modest in comparison to European states but is interesting. Five Euroregions are operational in the country: the Bug, Nieman, Ozerny Krai, Belovezhskaya Pushcha and Dnieper. Each boasts its own features, history and experience. The delegation of authority to their local bodies aids economic development, since they act as innovative structures, managing their own regional affairs. In addition, they form a foundation for the establishment and development of innovative structures within themselves, influencing development by modelling success. The Euroregions are also working hard to attract investments and set up development centres. A system of bilateral investment guarantees is operational, with free economic zones in each region. There is so much to look forward to in 2010. Every project is assessed for its practicality and real applications, ensuring that both scientists and diplomats are satisfied. By Vladimir Ulakhovich, the Director of the Belarusian State University’s Centre for International Studies

2010 беларусь.belarus

panorama  Expansion beyond country’s borders Foreign organisations join Belarusian Chamber of Commerce and Industry — among them one Belgian, one Russian and three Chinese companies

Vitaliy Gil

Close to finals

reviously, only Belarusian companies and organisations were the BCCI members, but, in 2009, the situation changed. The Belarus-EU Business Co-operation Council became the first foreign member of the Chamber. “We expect foreign members of the BCCI to help intensify co-operation with their countries. They will be the outposts of our interests,” explains the BCCI.

Students from International Institute of Labour and Social Relations (IILSR) reach semi-finals of Ben Telders International Law Moot Court Competition

he IILSR team is to participate in the international round, being hosted by The Hague (the Netherlands) in April 2010. It will bring together universities who have won national selection rounds. Participants will be presenting fictional cases, based on disputes between two states. Each must submit the state’s position in written form and in the form of a speech to the judges of the International Court of Justice. Participation in the event will bring Belarusian students experience in international law, while demonstrating their skills and ability to work as a team. The Telders International Law Moot Court Competition is Europe’s biggest contest in international public law, founded in 1977. It is held under the auspices of the International Court of Justice and the Government of the Netherlands. Each year, it involves teams from more than 20 European countries, with finals held in The Hague, the seat of the International Court of Justice.

беларусь.belarus 2010

B e i j i n g - b a s e d Z h e nw e i E x h i b i t i o n C o mp a ny — a subsidiar y of the Zhen Wei Group (a major exhibition company in China) — has joined the BCCI, alongside Window to China Consulting Group and New China-CYTS Co., LТD (a subsidiary of one of the largest tourist companies in China — CYTS Co., LТD). Ab o u t 1 , 7 0 0 e c o n o m i c entities of different forms of ownership are members of the BCCI at present.

 Open dialogue Nordic Council Information Bureau soon to open in Belarus

“T

he Belarusian Parliament has joined the work and is to provide every possible assistance to the Nordic Council Information Bureau in opening its ne w of f ice,” announces Mikhail Rusy, the Chairman of the Permanent Commission for Chernobyl Catastrophe, Ecology and Environmental Management at the House of Representatives. He also heads the Belarusian National Assembly’s delegation for contacts with the Nordic Council. Meeting a delegation from this international parliamentary organisation, in Minsk, he noted that the National Assembly of Belarus is ready to further strengthen collaboration with Nordic countries. He stresses that they should begin ‘an exchange of politicians not only within the framework of Nordic Council seminars, but also between member states’. The head of the Nordic Council’s delegation, a member of the Nordic Council Presidium and the Norwegian Parliament, Dagfinn Høybråten, views Belarus as part of the European family and a benevolent neighbour in the North. “We believe in open dialogue to directly share opinions. We’ll be pleased to share our experience of Nordic development at the forthcoming Nordic Council workshop,” asserts Mr. Høybråten. He agrees it’s time that politicians were exchanged between Belarus and Northern European countries. The meeting saw the two sides discuss organisational aspects of the Nordic Council seminar, scheduled to first take place in Minsk in March 2010.

panorama

Belarus.by increases authority in Google Official site on Belarus gaining popularity

elarus.by’s ranking on the Google PageRank search system has jumped from 7 to 8, showing a rising number of hits for the updated site. It has entered the ‘elite division’ of the global Web in just six months. Until recently, Belarus was only represented by three sites — those of the Belarusian President, the National Library and the Belarusian State University. Google PageRank assesses the authority of a site within Google (the most popular search system on the Net) — on a scale of one to ten. Rankings of six and above show real popularity. For example, the USA State Department site has a ranking of 8, the UN — 9, and CNN TV channel — 10. Belarus.by aims to provide key information on Belarus to the global Internet network. Its visitors range from tourists to those interested in economic potential and investment opportunities within the country.

 Traditions of mastery National Bank’s commemorative coins awarded at international contest

 Evident priorities Belarus calls on UNICEF to help set up global partnership to battle child trafficking

elarus is grateful to the UN Children’s Fund (UNICEF) for its readiness to react promptly to governmental requests, notes Sergei Sergeev, a representative of Belarus on UNICEF’s Executive Board. Mr. Sergeev welcomes the Fund’s support of important initiatives being realised in Central and Eastern Europe and the CIS. He stresses those measures which aim to prevent the abuse of women and child trafficking. He is pleased to note that, in 2009, the Fund focused on the protection of the most vulnerable groups of children — a priority area for Belarus. In particular, UNICEF continued implementing its Children of Chernobyl project, with financial assistance from the European Union. Belarus believes that UNICEF should continue to strengthen its efforts, particularly in the sphere of helping dis able d children. Mr. Sergeev is confident that UNICEF will be able to apply its experience from working with this category of children in other countries. He calls on the UN Children’s Fund to actively participate in creating a global partnership to battle child trafficking.

he Belarusian ‘St. Nicholas’ coin from the ‘Orthodox Saints’ series has received the People’s Choice Award at the Coin Constellation — 2009 competition, following an Internet vote. ‘The Legend of the Cuckoo’ coin from the ‘Belarusian National Legends’ series was placed second in the ‘Coin of the Year’ nomination while the ‘House-warming’ coin from the ‘Slavs’ Family Traditions’ came third in the ‘Silver Coin of the Year’ nomination. The results were announced a n d a n a w a r d s c e r e m o ny took place in St. Petersburg. Participants included specialists from banks and mints and ar t ist s f rom various countries. A l l prais e d t he themes, alongside the highly artistic coins created by the National Bank and the application of the most advanced technologies for their minting. The jury comprised representatives from the national museums of Russia, the UK, Ukraine, Lithuania and Latvia, as well as auction houses and commercial banks and numismatic experts from Italy, Poland, France, Ka z a k hs t an , G e r m any, Belarus and the Netherlands. The C oin C onstel lat ion competition primarily aims to support the traditions of medallic art and revive interest in numismatics.

2010 беларусь.belarus

Economy

Business intentions New permanent structure on co-operation between national parliaments set up as part of European Partnership programme

corresponding decision was adopted in Brussels by a working party on the formation of the parliamentary dimension of the Eastern Partnership initiative. Belarus was represented by Sergei Maskevich, the Chairman of the House of Representatives’ Standing Committee for International Affairs and Links with the CIS, and Nina Mazai, the Chair of the Council of the Republic’s Standing Committee for Foreign Affairs and National Security. “The session agreed issues regarding the formation of a permanent structure to ensure co-operation between the national parliaments of the European Union and six Eastern European countries: members of the Eastern Partnership,” asserts Mr. Maskevich. According to him, the new organisation will closely work with the Conference of Chairs of EU Parliamentary Committees on International Affairs. The new document is to be submitted for consideration by EU national parliaments, those of Eastern Partnership member states and the summit of EU parliamentary speakers. Mr. Maskevich explains that issues of collaboration between the European Parliament and Eastern European countries are yet to be discussed; they’ll be considered separately during the formation of the Eastern Partnership EURONEST Parliamentary Assembly. This is scheduled to occur once the European Parliament makes its final proposals on EURONEST. By Yekaterina Nechaeva

беларусь.belarus 2010

Impossible becomes possible In 2010, Belarus’ GDP should grow by 11-13 percent — as approved by Presidential Decree. experts agree this is more than just an ambitious goal

n 2009, the country’s GDP rose by just 0.2 percent and foreign markets are likely to see gradual revival rather than rapid growth. Meanwhile, the Russian Government is keen to reconsider terms for the supply of oil to Mozyr Refinery and Novopolotsk’s Naftan. This could damage Belarus’ economic interests so we must be ready for post-crisis growth to require much effort. Nevertheless, the Government and the National Bank are optimistic. “The target prognosis is realistic and achievable,” stresses Piotr Prokopovich, the Chairman of the National Bank. “The presence of mobilising indices for 2010 is the correct decision, since they’ll help legal entities utilise the economic possibilities offered by the market,” believes Belarus’ Deputy Prime Minister Andrei Kobyakov. In turn, the Belarusian State University’s Economic Department Dean, Mikhail Kovalev, explains, “In my view, the major goals of the country’s economic development are real. However, it’s important not

to equate them with formal figures of growth — which could lead to growth of warehouse stock, rather than income.” These assessments look promising but what are the concrete arguments? Let’s look more closely.

Stake on investments. Comparing the basic scenario of economic development with the target set by the President (based on increased indices) in autumn 2009, Mr. Prokopovich notes that the two differ in three areas. Firstly, the target scenario plans to attract $2.8bn more foreign investments. Secondly, it presupposes the construction of a further two million square metres of accommodation. Thirdly, the growth of exports should exceed growth of imports by 10 percent (compared to 6 percent in the basic scenario). Investments are a key factor in ensuring the dynamic GDP growth, since they stimulate GDP-forming branches — such as construction — alongside export growth. However, to what extent is the inflow of foreign capital happening?

Irons produced in the country are economical and convenient

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Economy T h e B e l ar u s i an Inv e s t m e nt Economic Forum — held in Minsk last November — demonstrated how much interest foreign businessmen have in our country. The National Library — which hosted the event — gathered so many guests that additional chairs were needed; 450 foreign participants from 60 countries were able to find out about opportunities for investment here. “Previously, it was mainly scientists and the public attending such events. Now, we are seeing real companies and manufacturers attending,” notes Mr. Kobyakov, adding that foreign investors are showing healthy interest in Belarus. The First Deputy Director of the National Investment Agency, economist Georgy Grits, also notes increasing interest from foreign businessmen. “People are arriving with concrete projects worth hundreds of millions, even billions, of dollars. This is real, rather than virtual, money,” he tells us, adding that Belarus’ attractiveness rose significantly after having signed the Customs Union agreement with Russia and Kazakhstan. “Those opening production in Belarus have access to a market far larger than ten million,” Mr. Grits stresses. He notes that investors are taking into consideration Belarus’ positive movement within the World Bank’s D oi ng Bu s i ne ss an nu a l re p or t . Responding to the question of how foreign companies feel about the national tax system being so unwieldy (as recognised by external authorities) he asserts, “It’s not perceived as a problem or a barrier. Special tax preferences are applied to investors realising innovative import-substitution projects. Their tax regime is simplified and privileged. Once they realise this, they ignore the ratings.” Mr. Grits’ views are interesting, “It’s possible to achieve our investment targets regarding basic capital (an additional 23-25 percent) from foreign inflow alone. This is not mere optimism but a real assessment. It’s important to

2010 беларусь.belarus

Economy correctly build relations with foreign businesses, creating efficient stimulus.” Mr. Grits notes, “Sales of oil, potash fertilisers and ferrous metals bring in foreign currency. Why shouldn’t we build our transport-logistical potential? We are a transit country. Logistical centres still exist only on paper; for them to become real, we need to set up a system of preferences for the development of the new sector of the economy. Once this is done, we’ll see additional hundreds of millions of dollars entering the country. This is an area where foreign capital could be attracted.”

GDP growth should be stimulated by lib eralising prices and salaries. Speaking of prices, it’s worth mentioning that, in October 2009, the Economy Ministry slashed the number of products whose mark-ups are regulated by the state. Trade networks viewed the measure with approval, since it gave them greater room for manoeuvre. Meanwhile, the business community had mixed feelings. “Relaxing trade prices is a logical, market step,” notes Georgy Badey, the Chairman of the Business Union of Entrepreneurs and Employers named

A far more extensive market becomes accessible for those opening production in Belarus Privatisation, salaries and prices. Nikolai Snopkov, Belarus’

new Economy Minister, has proposed a package of measures stimulating economic growth for 2010. He believes investments are needed not only to stimulate production but to manage existing factories more effectively. According to Mr. Snopkov, privatisation of state-owned property currently accounts for only 12.5 percent of the plan (via the sale of shares); other property accounts for 12.2 percent. “No real reimbursement has been received yet,” he stresses. The Economy Ministry says that, in 2010, legislation in the field of property privatisation should be improved — proceeding from national needs, foreign experience and recommendations from international financial organisations. The list of objects to be privatised is to be expanded, with state property used more lucratively. State owned buildings could be given freely to companies and individual entrepreneurs on the condition that they create new jobs.

беларусь.belarus 2010

after Kuniavsky. “However, manufacturers and service providers should be freed from the existing tough calculation of expenses. The market law of supply and demand should become the major factor influencing price.” Mr Badey adds, “Prices for accommodation at our hotels are fixed yet, in most countries, they fluctuate depending on demand — rising during high tourist season and for festivals. During ‘dead’ seasons, prices are reduced to attract guests. Flexible pricing could lead to fines for our hotel business.” The Economy Ministry admits that the established system of administrative price regulation could be improved further, despite recent positive changes and liberalisation. Work continues and Mr. Snopkov notes that, in 2010, basic provisions regarding costs being included in the prime cost of goods could be abolished. Additionally, we should see the list of products and services whose prices and tariffs are regulated by the state being cut drastically. The requirement to compile an economic substantiation of applied prices and tariffs is likely

to see gradual abolishment. The Minister adds, “These will significantly simplify the work of companies’ economic departments, while cutting document circulation and expenses. Importantly, they’ll be allowed to set prices with more flexibility, depending on productive necessity and the market situation.” Salaries for managers will also gain more flexibility, with bonuses and social packages applied from February (alongside other schemes of encouragement). The Economy Ministry advocates that the heads of state-run companies take more responsibility for economic results. Salaries of production related managers could be linked directly to output. These mechanisms could help achieve high GDP figures. Of course, Belarus’ open economy relies heavily on external factors. Rising demand on foreign markets and a fullyfledged Customs Union could ease the Government’s task. “Logically, the Union should raise sales of Belarusian products,” stresses Mr. Grits. “Our agricultural manufactures are competitive on the Russian market but, until recently, have faced artificial restrictions. We hope these will become a thing of the past in 2010.” The Customs Union opens doors to machine builders. “Our customs fees on foreign trucks and heavy-duty dump trucks are higher than in Russia or Kazakhstan. The shift to a single customs tariffs will give Belarusian machinery easier access to Russian and Kazakh markets,” he explains. In contrast, Russia’s desire to engage in energy relations beyond the Customs Union’s borders — as became clear in January — could turn the Union on its head. The single economic space presupposes equal conditions for the three states’ companies; to lose this negates the purpose of the Union. With this in mind, Mr. Grits’ assertions seem logical. He notes, “In 2010, we must rely not on external factors but on internal resources, using them to the utmost.” By Vitaly Volyanyuk

Vadim Kondrashov

Forecasts and reality

Rule of ‘golden middle’ Belarus managed to keep inflation within forecast limits last year. The goal of 9-11 percent was well met, with the final figure standing at 10.1 percent (compared to 13.3 percent in 2008 and 12.1 percent in 2007). Compared to other states, Belarus’ inflation rates are average

el ar us’ St at ist i c a l Committee notes that, in December 2009, the consumer price index for goods and services stood at 1.3 percent, in comparison to November. The results have surprised international experts, such as the IMF — which expected Belarus’ inflation to reach at least 11.5 percent last year. The Belarusian figure is between those of neighbours Ukraine (where prices grew by 12.3 percent in 2009) and Russia (8.8 percent). Experts say that inflation is far from static around the world, with global prices varying widely. In Kazakhstan, inflation stood at a modest 6.2 percent in

2009. Meanwhile, last December, food became more expensive by 3.4 percent in Armenia. In turn, Azerbaijan’s goods and services rose in price by a miniscule 0.56 percent. Western Europe is similarly affected, with inflation of just 0.9 percent registered in December (the biggest rise since February 2009). Last November, inflation in the EU stood at 0.5 percent. Surprisingly, Estonia saw deflation for the first time since 1991; prices fell, on average, by almost 2 percent and those on food by 0.3 percent. Experts link the trend in Belarus in 2009 not only with economic recovery but on weak consumer demand. Against a background of falling incomes, citizens have cut back on

spending and the taking out of loans. In turn, falling demand for goods and services has hampered sellers from raising their prices. Reduced consumer activity could continue this year. Experts predict inflation rising less than 9 percent this year. Problems with consumer demand are to the banking sector’s benefit, since people are saving rather than spending. Belarus is now the undisputed leader within the CIS in terms of growing banking deposits. The National Bank has calculated that, last year, deposits of the Belarusian rouble and foreign currencies rose by almost 40 percent — an impressive figure. By Alexander Benkovsky

2010 беларусь.belarus

Economy

Italians and Marko Italian Baldinini S.r.l. to manufacture footwear in Belarus

he president of the Italian company, Gimmi Baldinini, has visited Marko Factory and is pleased, noting, “I was surprised at the technological changes that have taken place over the last 18 years; your applied technologies are the same as those used by the Italians.” Tackling the issue of the business environment in Belarus, Mr. Baldinini underlines, “We see no obstacles to the development of our business here.” He arrived in Belarus

to discuss paths of co-operation, stressing, “I’ve only visited the Marko Factory; we aren’t considering other Belarusian producers yet.” He notes that, if Marko and Baldinini reach an agreement on co-operation, Belarus-made Italian shoes may hit the market in the near future. Mr. Baldinini also met Belarus’ Prime Minister, Sergei Sidorsky, who asserts that Belarus is keen to develop its footwear industry. The government has been pursuing a policy of liberalisation within the Belarusian economy, creating conditions to allow domestic goods to meet European requirements. “Your visit will give real impetus to the development of the Belarusian footwear industry,” said Mr. Sidorsky, noting that many domestic footwear companies have been set up with foreign capital. Speaking of Marko, the Prime Minister notes that it possesses rich experience in working with German and Chinese companies. Additionally, the factory has recently increased its footwear production several-fold and has extended its range of goods. At present, Belarusian c o mp a n i e s p r o d u c e about 11 million pairs of footwear annually and the country imports almost the same number. Marko Factory production

Market development New countries added to geography of Belarusian exports

unis, Gambia and Senegal are among the new markets for Belarusian exports, buying rods and semi-finished goods made from alloy-free steel. Meanwhile, potash fertilisers are being delivered to Cameroon, and Kenya and Benin import books and brochures. Tractors and truck tractors are exported to Equatorial Guinea and Belarus has new markets in Uganda, Namibia, Qatar and Myanmar, selling a range of goods. The range of goods exported is expanding worldwide, with trucks being supplied to Chile, the UAE, Bosnia and Herzegovina and Vietnam. Butter is sold to Ukraine, Kazakhstan and Armenia, while our cheeses are popular in Kazakhstan. Latvia and Lithuania are buying rape seeds, with Estonia wanting our rape oil. Belarusian nitrogen fertilisers are now exported to Mexico, Poland and Germany while our mineral fertilisers are delivered to Poland and Romania. Tunis, the Philippines, Nigeria and Greece import semi-finished goods made from alloy-free steel while Lebanon, Ethiopia, Gambia, Serbia, Israel and other states import alloy-free steel rods.

Transport

Trip begins in comfort Molodechno in Minsk region receives contemporary bus station as New Year present he bus station in the city of Molodechno is equipped with the latest equipment, boasting computer technologies and automated ticket sales. There’s e ven a relaxation room. Passengers can buy tickets for journeys from any bus station countrywide from the terminal. Over $1m has been spent on modernising the station, with similar work undertaken in Cherven, Uzda and Maryina Gorka (Minsk region). The state programme aims to revamp the bus fleet, while modernising station buildings and launching contemporary ticket sale technologies.

Sun comes alive on the roof Locomotive depot of Belarusian Railways’ regional branch using solar energy

our solar panels have been installed on the roof of the production building, storing energy in batteries after charging during daylight hours. Even when the sun is hidden by cloud, the silicic semi-conductor batteries can store enough energy. The chief p ower engineer at Belarusian Railways’ Vitebsk branch, Alexander Smantser, explains that the depot is currently experimenting but envisages the innovation yielding economic benefits, saving energy. A single solar panel can power all the traditional incandescent lamps used within the building, which are lit day and night. Solar energy should save the railway enterprise a great deal in electricity bills.

Belta

Choice in favour of the ‘Bely Aist’ train Farewell of Slavyanka march to honour ‘Bely Aist’ (White Stork) Minsk-Kiev evening train, in addition to those from Moscow and St. Petersburg

“T

he train is comprised of modern Belarus-made carriages which boast many wonderful functions,” explains the Deputy Head of Minsk’s Carriage Department, Vera Semenova. “For example, temperature and humidity are controlled to ensure every passenger is comfortable and we have electronic indicator panels showing local time and outside temperature. There are TVs in each sleeping compartment, with buttons to call for a conductor and bright maps with photos of sites in Minsk and Kiev.” The interior of the carriages has received great attention, with the stork logo on curtains, tablecloths, napkins, vases, tableware, tables and indicators. “When the train departs, the song Belorussiya from Pesnyary’s repertoire will play inside the train,” adds Ms.

Semenova. “It’s symbolic, as it starts with the lyrics ‘A white stork is flying over white Polesie…’.” The refurbishment of about a dozen Belarusian Railways’ trains includes Moscow’s ‘Belarus’ and ‘Minsk’ and St. Petersburg’s ‘Zvyazda’. Meanwhile, a new route from Minsk to Swiss Basel is planned, serviced by a carriage bought from Poland this year. In 2009, the railway fleet gained 50 modern Belarusmade carriages. The development of electric trains is to become a priority, with services running between Osipovichi and Zhlobin, and between Molodechno and Gudogai (near the border). The lines are to be electrified at these sites. In two years, electric trains will become a common form of public transport — alongside buses and the metro.

2010 беларусь.belarus

Science

Looking into the cosmos and micro-world Belarusian scientists and industrialists produce unique devices to study the Earth and the Universe

he Large Hadron Collider, built near Geneva, at the European Organisation for Nuclear Research (CERN), is known worldwide. The international scientific society is keen to discover answers to the most intricate questions of our Universe. Its atomic particles collide at maximum speed — achieved by generating a huge electromagnetic field (in a large circle underground). After colliding, new, previously unknown particles should emerge, as seen in the first moments after the Big Bang — the origin of our Universe. The technology is unrivalled, as we might imagine. Interestingly, Belarusian enterprises took part in its production. In its hundred year history, Minsk Machine-Tool Plant MZOR has contributed greatly to the manufacture of special high-tech equipment for the processing of large metal components. It has now been awarded a CERN certificate for producing and assembling components for the Large Hadron Collider: elements for two detectors — ATLAS (Toroidal LHC ApparatuS) and CMS (Compact Muon Solenoid). This means little to the general public, of course. “MZOR was chosen as an official supplier for CERN,” explains the company’s General Director, Victor Butko. The plant has made eight circular assembly carrierrings from aluminium alloy for ATLAS, alongside an assembly calorimeter from brass, an interface axis with clamps made of stainless austenitic steel, and a cover plate made of aluminium alloy for CMS. “It’s a real delight and honour for

беларусь.belarus 2010

Belarusian tool makers to have helped implement such a major project,” Mr. Butko smiles. In 2010, experiments involving the Large Hadron Collider should at last give us answers to how the Universe began. Meanwhile, Belarusian scientists have been working with foreign colleagues to decipher the secrets of nuclear particles’ interaction — of huge theoretical and practical significance. A memorandum on mutual understanding was signed between Belarus’ National Academy

to Soviet times; every satellite and spacecraft in orbit used Belarus-made devices. Collaboration continues within the CIS, with Belarusian cosmic research gaining independence in a variety of vectors. The Belarusian State University’s Scientific-Research Institute of Applied Physical Problems has developed a photo-spectral system to prognose and monitor natural and technogenic catastrophes. This is being installed at the International Space Station (orbiting Earth) in April. Its applications are wide-

Belarusian scientists are now working on GRID-technologies, which allow us to link supercomputers countrywide (and globally) of Sciences and the Belgian Nuclear Research Centre in January 2010. The document aims to develop joint research and personnel training, as well as the creation of technologies to process and bury radioactive waste. Experiments, seminars and experience exchange are to be organised, with projects financed by the European Commission. Our study of the micro-world is a reflection of the processes evident in our macro-world — the cosmos. Belarus has been working hard to penetrate its secrets, enabling us to study Earth with new eyes. Such investigations date back

ranging, allowing us to discover how sandstorms and environmental pollutants (such as oil spills) move, and how forests are affected by pests and wood cutting. “These new cosmic technologies will allow us to regularly survey hazardous processes in the environment and, thereby, take optimal decisions,” explains an employee of the Scientific-Research Institute of Applied Physical Problems, Sergey Khvaley. “We’ll not only be able to identify natural and technogenic catastrophes but forecast their development.” Belarusian scientists have huge experience of similar equipment making.

Vadim Kondrashov

Science

Mr. Khvaley’s colleagues have already developed a modern spectrophotometric complex, used for forecasting geo-physical catastrophes. Every year, such research gains pace; Belarus is becoming a fully-fledged cosmic state. Recently, the National Space Agency was set up near Minsk; the Centre for Flight Management is soon to start operations. Additionally, the first Belarusian pilotless spacecraft is to be launched in 2010. It is smaller and lighter than other models, with twice the optic resolution. Moreover, its operating life has risen from 5 to 10 years. Its activity is being co-ordinated by the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus. Meteorologists and map compilers, agricultural workers and others are awaiting data from the device. The information obtained in real time from several hundred kilometres above the Earth will allow us to promptly solve the most complicated economic and industrial problems. However, the satellite

will be spending just a few minutes a day above Belarus. It makes sense to share data with other states, so that its functions can be used throughout its full orbit; scientific and commercial orders are already forthcoming. We aren’t seriously considering sending our own cosmonaut into space but, during Soviet times, Belarus sent two of its countrymen on cosmic expeditions. We should not totally exclude the possibility of future trips. As regards scientific research — regarding the cosmos or medicine — this would be impossible without serious mathematical accompaniment. A decade ago, specialists from the National Academy of Sciences’ United Institute of Informatics Problems joined Russia in creating a supercomputer. This later became ranked among the top 500 in the world. A year later, it was among the top 100 and, since then, has been many times improved. Belarusian scientists are now working

on GRID-technologies, which allow us to link supercomputers countrywide (and globally). Many are already connected by fibre-optic lines, which help transfer much information. The practical applications are limitless. One of the 23 Belarusian polyclinics is linked to the supercomputer, allowing doctors to use a special mathematical programme to process X-ray film (comparing it to a standard X-ray). Meanwhile, surgeons and surgeon-oncologists are using supercomputers to precisely define the size of tumours. Machine builders, in turn, are using the technology to virtually design complex units. Universities use it to teach students and, each year, this list of applications expands. GRIDtechnologies are also developing in the neighbouring Baltic States and in Poland. Belarusian scientists are actively collaborating with colleagues in the field of super-quick calculations. By Vladimir Bibikov

2010 беларусь.belarus

Science

Key to genetic cipher Accreditation for DNA Biotechnology Centre at National Academy of Sciences’ Institute of Genetics and Cytology

Up-to-date equipped laboratory

беларусь.belarus 2010

Belta

he DNA Biotechnology Centre is aiding the realisation of projects in the fields of trade, agriculture, health care and environmental protection. According to the Director of the Institute of Genetics and Cytology, A l e x a n d e r K i l c h e v s k y, the Centre is offering genetic testing of plants, animals and people, as well as of food. The laborator y boasts super-precise devices, refrigerators for keeping biomaterials and glass partitions dividing rooms. Sterile conditions are vital, as lab head Irma Mosse explains. Scientists are studying those genes responsible for certain diseases. We have about 30,000 genes, while the laborator y studies just 20 or so — connected to cardio-vascular pathology, diabetes and autoimmune illnesses, among others. Ti m e l y d e t e c t i o n o f a predisposition enables early diagnosis and preventative treatment. “If a person l e ar ns of t he i r natu r a l disposition to illness, they can change their lifestyle i n t i m e ,” I r m a n o t e s .

Similarly, parents can find out if their child is predisposed to becoming a sprinter or chess player. The laboratory has already compiled DNA passports of sportsmen, looking at their genes to study how far they influence dexterity, endurance, speed, strength, lung capacity and ability to recover after physical exercise. This helps athletes achieve top sporting results w h i l e pre s e r v i ng t he i r health. There are plans to make genetic analysis available to everyone. DNA technology is being developed at the Institute for application in agriculture, creating DNA passports for crops and to diagnose illness in animals. These will be used to preserve the genetic diversity of rare and endangered animals. The Institute has elaborated a molecular-genetic approach to the assessment of wild animals’ genes (those on t he e d ge of e x t i nc t i on and artificially recovered breeds). The Belovezhskaya P u s h c h a au ro c h s h av e received such tests — being used to guide preser vational projects until 2014. By Yelena Osipova

Medicine

Concern developing its range Belbiopharm expanding its medicine inventory

Belta

Hearts held in hands Three open heart operations simultaneously conducted in Vitebsk — for the first time in Belarus

everal teams of cardiosurgeons and medical personnel have participated in a unique Vitebsk project to simultaneously conduct three complicated heart operations. These were led by Prof. Yuri Ostrovsky — the Head of Surgery at the Cardiology Republican Scientific-Practical Centre, Alexander Chernyavsky — the Deputy Director of the Novosibirsk Blood C i r c u l at i o n Pat h o l o g y Research Institute, and Yuri Shneider — the Head of Surgery at the St. Petersburg Medical Academy of Postgraduate Education. It took almost five hours to repair the hearts of the

three patients — aged 41, 58 and 65. This included aortocoronary shunting, mitral v a lve re pl a c e me nt and ridding of aorta thoracica aneurysms. The Chief Doctor of the Vitebsk Regional Clinical Hospital, Leonid Papkovich, explains that 130 open heart operations have already been conducted at his clinic and Vitebsk’s cardio-surgeons plan to raise this figure in the year ahead, developing surgical arythmology. According to statistics, thirty percent of Belarusians suffer from cardiac disorders. The co-operative project between these top professionals is unique.

elbiopharm Concern plans to expand its range of drugs to 800 by 2015. The volume of its exports is also expected to grow. The company currently produces about 500 medicines and its annual exports stand at about $75m. “We are certifying our products to meet GMP standards — with the aim of conquering new markets,” explains the Head of Belbiopharm’s Perspective Development Department, Nikolay Gavrilyuk. “These steps should help us to significantly expand our export geography and deliver products to non-CIS states.”

Prof. Shneider (from St. Pe te rs bu rg ) has b e e n personal friends with his Minsk colleague, Mr. Ostrovsky, for about fifteen years. In this time, they’ve conducted joint demonstrational operations — used to teach medical students in Belarus and Russia. Belarus’ cardio-surgeons plan to conduct at least 7,000 heart operations annually, bringing waiting lists down to no longer than three months. At present, those suffering from heart problems have to wait from six to twelve months for an operation. Of course, urgent cases are seen straight away.

GМР standards are used globally; soon, it’ll be impossible to sell pharmaceutical products abroad without this document. Medicines won’t require additional quality control, since the standard presupposes a full check on every stage of production. Belbiopharm currently unites 18 pharmaceutical plants and scientific organisations, producing over 90 percent of all Belarus-made medicines. About half of these are exported annually.

By Vitaly Fedorovsky

By Olga Belyavskaya

2010 беларусь.belarus

Linguistics рersons

Polyglot Ivan Charota

Those fluent in foreign languages can easily sing songs, think and dream in their second language

беларусь.belarus 2010

Alexander Ruzhechka

t a lian cardina l Gius epp e Mezzofanti spoke 38 languages, despite never having left Italy. He spoke 30 fluently and knew 50 dialects. In Belarus, Doctor of Philological Sciences Professor Ivan Charota, Head of Slavonic Literature at the Belarusian State University, knows all ten living Slavonic languages, in addition to Church Slavonic, Latin, German, Spanish and English. However, he does not see himself as a specialist in multitudinous languages, however paradoxical that may sound. “If someone says that they are fluent in a great number of languages, then they are either lying or are over-estimating their ability,” notes Ivan. “True knowledge of a language is in being able to sing, think naturally and dream in it.” Do you have dreams in foreign languages? Yes, in Serbian. I speak it regularly and often visit Serbia. Having been involved in literary translation from Serbian for almost four decades, I’ve translated over 30 books and published about 1,000 translations. Do you sing in foreign languages? I sing in five. What about the others? I mastered them when the need arose. Like most students of languages, I had to study Latin and Church Slavonic. I did my best and my level was satisfactory. I studied German at school, participated in contests and Olympiads and was even invited to enter the Institute of Military Translators. I chose Spanish for my studies at the Belarusian State University’s Philological Department and took an exam in Spanish for my PhD thesis. I was lucky in having good teachers and will always be grateful to them. I learnt English late in life, when my son began doing badly in the subject at school. I gritted my teeth and studied

Technologies alongside my son. When he achieved the necessary level, I stopped. How have you managed to learn Slavonic languages? Since childhood, I’ve spoken Belarusian, Ukrainian, Russian and Polish, without needing to study. I was born in the village of Lyshchiki (in Kobrin district of Brest region) — which is situated near the border of Belarus, Poland and Ukraine. Polish is different to the others but is understandable to anyone who speaks them. It was the state language for some time in our country and my parents attended a Polish school. I still remember poems from my Polish ABC. Some villagers had radio sets

I began learning other Southern Slavonic languages — Slovenian and Macedonian. I was mastering them for translation purposes. Since the early 1980s, editorial offices have invited me to translate belles-lettres. How is it possible to dream in a foreign language? Do you need to go abroad? Judging from my own experience, I can say that, visiting a foreign country, you first need to just listen, absorbing every nuance and intonation. When you are ready to speak, you then find pronunciation much easier. It’s vital to be surrounded by the language all the time, so that your conscious and subconscious switch. Only then will you start thinking and dreaming in the language. It seldom happens if you only visit for a short time; it takes l o n g e r. Me a nw h i l e , languages overlap in your mind, so you may wish to speak in Macedonian but find yourself speaking Serbian, for example. Of course, there can be psychological obstacles. Being a professor of languages, I’m too worried about making mistakes. Good knowledge of a language is only possible if you have plenty of time to practice. How often do you speak languages other than Serbian? I often practice. I’ve been translating the Holy Writ into modern literary Belarusian for fifteen years. We use translations into many languages in our work. In addition, I’ve visited all the Slavonic countries; some — many times. I’ve been to Austria, Hungary, Germany and Romania. I was offered a job abroad — at a Spanish university. Do you wish to learn any other languages — perhaps from a new language group? Not really, but I’d definitely learn if the necessity arose.

This man knows all ten living Slavonic languages, in addition to Church Slavonic, Latin, German, Spanish and English which received Polish stations best of all. People came to our house to listen to news, songs and other programmes. As regards learning languages via printed media, I began reading the district newspaper ‘Kamunistychnaya Pratsa’, Moscow’s ‘Pravda’ and my Polish ABC at the same time. Moreover, my grandfather had the Gospel in Church Slavonic and Taras Shevchenko’s ‘Kobzar’ in Ukrainian. As his first grandson, I was permitted to read them if I wished, so I did. How did you come to lear n Serbian? I began learning it during my second year at University. We had the option of 32 hours of Slavonic languages — for general familiarisation. However, I became enthusiastic and was recommended as a guide-translator. I had the chance to pursue active language practice and, owing to Serbian,

By Yekaterina Shibkovskaya

Resources for students Mobile communication operator realises corporate responsibility strategy to help higher schools perfect education process

ireless Wi-Fi access has been launched at the B elarusian State University of Informatics and Radioelectronics. Mobile TeleSystems company has given students and lecturers Internet access via laptops and mobile phones from almost every corner of the University for the past month. MTS has set up 18 access points at the establishment’s five buildings and marked them with special indexes. Lecturers have noticed that students have shifted from their traditional places of gathering (canteens and computer classes) to those where they can easily log on. “This is the 25th joint project by our University and its business partners. A poll has shown that 50 percent of students have laptop computers, so this new technology is useful to them. Others can gain access from the University’s computer classes. Wi-Fi access to the University’s inner resources — libraries and archives — is free,” notes the Belarusian State University of Informatics and Radioelectronics’ Rector, Mikhail Batura. The General Director of Mobile TeleSystems, Vladimir Karpovich, has promised to realise similar projects at other higher educational establishments countrywide. This will enable the company to fulfil its corporate social responsibility strategy and help universities perfect their approach to education and improve quality. By Inessa Yurchikova

2010 беларусь.belarus

Context

Expansion of possibilities for co-operation National Academy of Sciences and Belgian Nuclear Research Centre (SCKCEN) sign memorandum on mutual understanding

Pilotless aircraft control board

Permitted to fly Production of super light pilotless aircraft set up in Belarus

he Physical-Technical Institute of the National Academy of Sciences has begun creating the first Belarusian pilotless aircraft — in super light, medium and large classes. The first has already passed testing and will soon come into operation, monitoring the roads and countryside. It will be able to spot emergencies, provide information on traffic control and the state border and conduct atmospheric and meteo observations. It should deter unauthorised wood cutting and poaching in national parks and reserves, as well as illegal border crossing. Talks with potential customers are underway and both foreign and domestic enterprises are showing interest. The aircraft utilises the most advanced technologies in the field of high-precision mechanics, with optimal methods of management and optics.

беларусь.belarus 2010

Designed and assembled by the National Academy of Sciences, it uses materials with special physical-mechanical characteristics — allowing it to weigh just over 2kg. The craft can fly up to 20km, at a speed of over 60km/h (pilotless) and is equipped with an electric engine, so hardly makes any noise. The Physical-Technical Institute has also created another pilotless aircraft — weighing 10kg and having a wing span of two metres. “It can sustain a larger burden in comparison to the earlier model,” explains the Head of the Institute’s laboratory, Yuri Yatsina. “As additional innovations are made, the scope for application will expand.” Pilotless aircraft have advantages, since they can be used without aerodromes or expensive pilot training. Moreover, they are more economical, can take off from a person’s hand and can land by parachute. Additionally, the craft can be used in situations that could prove dangerous to pilots — such as emergencies and bad weather. By Olga Belyavskaya

he document aims to develop cooperation in the spheres of nuclear research and personnel training. Scientists from our two countries plan to collaborate in nuclear physics and nuclear safety, radioactive waste treatment and safe ground disposal. They’ll particularly focus on how best to dispose of waste materials, since burial can lead to radionuclides leaching into the soil. The scientists will be exchanging experience in choosing burial sites for radioactive waste and in assessing threats.

“The National Academy of Sciences of Belarus and the Belgian Nuclear Research Centre will be exchanging scientific, technical and general information, visiting each others’ production facilities, and conducting joint research, seminars and internships in the mentioned scientific fields. The signed document will help us develop co-operation as part of research projects financed by the European Commission,” the NAS explains. The United Institute of Energy and Nuclear Research Sosny will act as the major co-ordinator of our joint activity — representing Belarus’ National Academy of Sciences.

Context

Catering for Airbus New runway and terminal for National Airport within three years

he ne w r unway and terminal will develop the airport’s infrastructure, attracting more passengers en route from CIS countries to Western Europe and vice versa. Preliminary estimates show the cost to be around $550m, with money allocated by Chinese investors. In 2013, a new transit terminal is to appear at Minsk’s National Airport, enabling Belarus to become an important connection hub between Western Europe and Russia, Kazakhstan and the Caucasus. “Currently, we don’t have a transit zone where passengers can rest for an

hour or two between flights,” notes the Deputy Director of the Aviation Department at the Ministry of Transport and C ommunications, Vladimir Kostin. “People have to formalise their documents again, carry their luggage and pay extra money for a Belarusian visa. Why should passengers have to suffer such inconvenience? Naturally, they choose other routes.” “Last summer, passengers frequently used Belavia flights to travel from Hanover, Berlin and Frankfurt to Astana,

By Dmitry Yemelyanov

Expansion beyond country’s borders

Updating the strategy World Bank to raise its annual support of Belarus from $100m to $250m from 2010-2011

Foreign organisations join Belarusian Chamber of Commerce and Industry — among them one Belgian, two Russian and three Chinese companies

he Belarus-World Bank Co-operation Strategy is raising its funding of the republic, according to Martin Raiser, the WB Country Director for Belarus, Moldova and Ukraine. He notes that the move will strengthen joint work on mutually beneficial projects. Belarus and the World Bank previously signed a $200m development loan agreement in Minsk (with a maturity of 16 years at an interest rate which is lower the market rate (approximately, Libor plus 1 percent). Belarus’ Deputy Prime

Tbilisi and Baku. However, this is only a fraction of possible passenger traffic,” notes the leading specialist from Belavia’s Commercial Department, Lyudmila Pronovich. “We’re ready to offer beneficial tariffs in several directions. Meanwhile, it’s understandable that passengers tend to prefer comfort to low prices.” The new runway will be able to host even the heaviest airliners, such as a contemporary Airbus A380 doubledecker, which can transport from 450 to 850 passengers. The current runway is suitable for such an airliner only in size; its quality doesn’t allow it to take off or land. Of course, much needs to be done to achieve stable passenger traffic flow. According to analysts, it will only be possible to completely ‘fill’ an Airbus A380 in summer in Russia — for the Moscow-Sochi route. Undoubtedly, the construction of a new runway and the development of airport infrastructure will attract new passengers and major airlines while increasing the number of flights and launching new routes.

Minister, Andrei Kobyakov, stresses, “The loan allows the country to efficiently implement measures to lessen the impact of the global financial downturn. Work on the agreement has been professional and technological.” The Belarus-World Bank agreement to allocate $125m to energy projects has recently taken effect.

r e v i o u s l y, o n l y B e l a r u s i a n companies and organisations were BCCI members, but, in 2009, the situation changed. The BelarusEU Business Co-operation Council became the first foreign member of the Chamber. “We expect foreign members of the BCCI to help intensify co-operation with their countries. They will be the outposts of our interests,” explains the BCCI.

2010 беларусь.belarus

Vitaliy Gil

Visas

The mutuality principle From the New Year, consular fees for Belarusian entry visas harmonised

ow much will foreigners be paying for a Belarusian visa this year? The Belarusian Foreign Ministry explains that the country’s visa policy reflects the terms imposed by other states on Belarusians travelling abroad, with visas charged at similar rates. This principle of mutuality has allowed Belarusian embassies to determine their own prices for visas to date, leading to a considerable difference in rates. However, the adoption of the Special Part of Belarus’

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Tax Code enables us to unify fees across a range of consular activities performed by Belarusian missions abroad. I n d e t e r m i n i n g t h e r at e o f consular fees for a visa, the interests of Belarusian citizens are being considered; the conditions for their foreign trips should match those set by Belarus regarding incoming foreign travellers. Entry visas into our country are now set at: 60 euros for a single-entry, short-term visa; 150 euros for a multientry, long-term visa and 10 euros per

person for processing a group tourist visa (at least 5 people). A Schengen visa (regardless of its type) costs 60 euros for Belarusians. The British and Americans are to pay a fee matching those set by their own embassies for Belarusian citizens: respectively, $78 and $100 for a transit visa (without taking into account the number of entries granted by the visa); $114 and $131 for a short-term visa (without taking into account the number of entries granted by the visa); and $366 and $350 for a long-term visa. Rates for citizens from Hungary, Iran, China, Malta, Slovakia, Slovenia, the Czech Republic and Turkmenistan are also being set on a principle of mutuality. Serbians (staying up to 30 days) and Japanese citizens can receive a visa free of charge, in compliance with current international agreements with Belarus. Meanwhile, those from the neighbouring states of Latvia, Lithuania, Poland and Estonia are granted privileged rates

projects Facts (unilaterally introduced by Belarus) of 25 euros for a single-entry visa and 60 euros for a multi-entry short-term visa. Most Belarusian embassies have kept their fees relatively unchanged. However, those buying visas at Minsk National Airport will find much higher rates than previously. The Foreign Ministry explains that it’s rare for visas to be available at airports. Most countries, including the Schengen states, refuse to process entry in this way. Some states allow entry for short-term stay (up to 5 days) only — or a tourist visa. However, visa processing at Minsk National Airport primarily proceeds from the need to provide entry to citizens from states without Belarusian embassies or consulates. All types of visas can be issued at the airport within 30 minutes, in the presence of the applicant. Developing the necessary infrastructure at the airport is expensive, which influences the final cost of issued visas. Nevertheless, these fees correspond to the international practice of processing documents urgently. Some tourist agencies are concerned that the new consular fees could negatively impact incoming tourism from the West, but the Belarusian Foreign Ministry asserts that such speculation is without basis. In 2008, about 500,000 Belarusian visas were issued, with over 20,000 to foreign tourists (over 5 percent of the total number). Consular fees remained unchanged, yet the total number of tourist visas halved (compared to 2007) proving no direct connection between visa prices and the development of incoming tourism. World practice shows that consular fees account for no more than 10 percent of the total sum spent by the average tourist during their foreign trip. Of course, the problem of attracting tourists to Belarus should be solved comprehensively under current conditions, relying on the development of infrastructure and the enhancement of the quality and range of services provided. By Nikolay Gomonov

Routes across the ‘Ozerny Krai’ EU TACIS programmes successfully realised in Vitebsk region

itebsk region districts of Miory, Verkhnedvinsk, Glubokoe and Postavy have joined partners from Latvia and Lithuania in the Ozerny Krai Euroregion voluntary association, to realise TACIS programmes. Belarusian partners have already attracted over 700,000 euros to fulfil EU external assistance aid programmes. Management and marketing projects in rural tourism have already been realised in Braslav and a single information centre on bicycle route development has been set up. The Art without Borders project also promotes the cultures of Latvia and Belarus, expanding knowledge on the artistry of Marc Chagall and Mark Rothko, while helping establish business contacts between museums. The Bella Dvina — Crossing the Border, Discovering the Culture, Enjoying the Nature of the Western Dvina/Daugava River Space TACIS programme is being realised in the Vitebsk region until mid-2010. It is the only regional project worth 500,000 euros whose major partner is Belarus. The region plans to participate in the EU’s new external assistance aid programmes in the future.

Indisputable priorities Material wealth, health and family — young people’s major values

recent sociological poll, entitled Belarus’ Youth: Problems and Moods, has been conducted countrywide. It notes that the values of young people mostly coincide, regardless of whether they live in rural or urban areas. The Information and Analytical Centre at the Presidential Administration surveyed residents aged 18-29, discovering that most youngsters (almost 70 percent in rural areas and 77.5 percent of the young urban population) are satisfied with their life. Material welfare, health and family are the top three priorities for young people, with the family being of particular importance for rural boys and girls. Most desire their own families, with 36.5 percent being already married. This figure is slightly lower among urbanites, at 25.8 percent. Love, friendship, a satisfying job and education, as well as peace on earth, are also considered precious values, with rural people more inclined to emphasise world peace, stability in society, patriotism and religion than their urban peers (see diagram). Curiously, rural youngsters are more emphatic in their responses, with almost 85 percent stressing their pride in their country. The same feeling is experienced by over 70 percent of young urban residents. Around 70 percent of rural youngsters call themselves patriots and almost the same number are confident that Belarus is developing in the right direction.

2010 беларусь.belarus

Equal opportunities

Equality index Belarus ranked 34th in World Economic Forum’s annual Global Gender Gap Report, outstripping many post-Soviet countries and, even, European states

n her childhood, Lyudmila dreamt of becoming a stewardess or … a sailor. As an adult, she understood that travel is a ‘magic key’ op ening do ors and def y ing t he impossible. “My dream has come true,” she smiles. “My profession revolves around travel, so I’ve found my magic key.” Lyudmila Orlova is a camera operator, which many people view as a man’s job. She first entered the Linguistic University but soon lost interest in G erman grammar. Then, she returned to her school hobby of photography, taking her works to the Camera Art Chair at the Belarusian State Academy of Arts. “We were told by the admission commission that anyone could enrol and receive equal opportunities but, after graduation, it might be difficult for girls to find

a job. Some changed their minds as a result but I was determined to go all the way,” recollects Lyudmila. She had no problems with her studies and was lucky to have good teachers and fellow students. Lyudmila passed her internship at Mir TV and Radio Company. She then worked as a third operator and has recently become the second camera operator. “In summer, I was shooting a report at Dudutki at Our Grunewald Festival. I was a little afraid of the frisking horses because, looking through the viewfinder, I become so involved in the process that I began to misjudge my distance. ” Lyudmila may look like a teenager but she isn’t as vulnerable as she appears. The camera weighs some 13kg (with tripod and trunk) but it’s no problem for her; she is determined to become a true professional.

Opinion Irina Alkhovka, a gender expert: Few would disagree that gender equality is at the foundation of contemporary society. It is the way forward. We have seen plenty of achievements in this sphere: from determining gender problems to adopting legislative measures and creating institutional structures. However, when we look at implementation of gender policy, most believe that this concerns only women. Others still see life as a battle of the sexes, which contradicts the principles of gender policy. The third national plan of action aims to ensure gender equality for 2008-2010 by giving more attention to men’s problems. It endeavours to tackle the interests of men and women alike, envisaging the rights of men and women and granting them the opportunity to realise these rights

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Ly u d m i l a O r l o v a i s a g o o d example of gender equality in action — as assessed by the World Economic Forum’s annual rating. Belarus is now ranked 34th, above many post-Soviet countries and, even, European states. Do we deserve applause or should we still be working towards improving gender equality — responsible for shaping so many lives? Taking a casual retrospective look at gender equality, we can’t help but mention the father of psychoanalysis, Sigmund Freud. He determined its essence, saying: ‘Anatomy is destiny’. He believed that men were inevitably created to guide the fate of the world — as state figures and husbands. Meanwhile, women were destined to take second place — governing the kitchen and children. Since anatomy cannot be changed, he stressed that destiny could not be changed either. However, not all women agree! Belarusian history is littered with strong women — such as Yevfrosiniya Polotskaya and Anastasia Slutskaya. Not long ago, women stood at the revolutionary barricades. They’ve occupied top positions and are just as comfortable driving a tractor or piloting a plane as their male colleagues. From Freud’s time, it took more than a century for women to be granted legal equality with men; of course, equality of rights is the not the same as equality of opportunities. Nevertheless, women’s destinies are changing — against Freud’s prediction. Calculating the gender equality index,

Ludmila Orlova’s dream has come true

Alexander Ruzhechka

Equal opportunities the WEF compares opportunities open to men and women in four spheres: political empowerment, employment and career promotion, educational attainment and healthcare. This year, the difference in opportunities for men and women is being given more gravitas than living conditions. Women enjoy greatest opportunities in Iceland, Finland, Norway, Sweden and New Zealand. Belarus is outranked only by Latvia and Lithuania from the post-Soviet countries, while neighbouring Russia occupies 51st position. Our country also outstrips Bulgaria, Austria, Portugal and Poland. Of course, it’s good that foreign experts are praising opportunities for women in Belarus. Certainly, there is reason for optimism; today, women account for over 30 percent of deputies at the National Assembly and around 45 percent on local councils. Women are also found at top level official positions. They account for almost half of all teachers and over 70 percent of heads of educational establishments are women. Gender equality legislation is part of the Family and Marriage Code, as well as the Labour Code. Some would argue that equality is a double-edged sword. Certainly, today’s women have more opportunities than ever before. Nonetheless, they inevitably face the challenge of looking after a family while pursuing their career. Compromise is the result. While women struggle to balance home and work life, taking advantage of the opportunities presented to them, men tend to take a back seat. Few would dare question a woman’s right to pursue her goals — becoming a camera operator, a parliamentarian or a mother. However, they do little to practically support these goals. To give women truly equal opportunities with men, further legislation and support networks are needed. No doubt, this will take time and great consideration. Meanwhile, each woman must find her own way of fulfilling her goals, finding her own magic key… By Lyudmila Kuslivaya

2010 беларусь.belarus

Infrastructure

Small town buzzes with life Belarus is a country of small towns: 207 in total. Of these, 168 boast less than 20,000 residents. Each is unique in appearance, character and history. Some — like Turov, Zaslavl and Kamenets — have existed since the times of Kievan Rus; others — Novolukoml, Beloozersk and Kostyukovka — were founded on the basis of industrial and energy enterprises and are less than a century old

bout 3m people (a third of the population) live in small towns, their wellbeing governed by the economic, social and cultural state of these settlements. With this in mind, the development of small and medium-sized towns is a priority for Belarus — as stipulated by a state programme worth Br2 trillion. This embraces 187 settlements. Realisation of 1,000 investment projects (including 192 of primar y importance), the

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creation of dozens of thousands of jobs, and the reduction of unemployment to 1 percent were fixed by a Presidential decree of 2007. This should significantly increase the quality of life in small towns and reveal their economic potential. This year closes the programme’s realisation period… so what results are expected?

in villages and district centres. Urbanites have greater access to theatres and libraries but, more importantly, have greater possibilities for employment. Some production enterprises in provincial areas have failed to adapt to market conditions, bringing reduced manufacturing volumes and, even, closures. In the worst cases, settlements Stimulus for capital. Naturally, have shrunk in size as residents have large cities offer more opportunities moved away in search of work. than small towns. Minsk residents and Residents of Yelizovo (in the those living in regional centres have Osipovichi district) know all about such challenges; 15 years ago, the always benefited from more advantageous oldest Belarusian glass making plant conditions than ceased production, despite employing a their neighbours major part of the local population. As a result, people lost jobs and there were no other possibilities for employment. Fortunately, an Austrian investor arrived, investing $40 million in modernisation; obsolete machines (from the 1960s) were replaced with modern European equipment. The company now manufactures dozens of varieties of glass containers, meeting the domestic market’s needs in glassware and healthily exporting. Its employees receive good salaries and Small towns offer a wide range of possibilities for private initiative Yelizovo ensures a good

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Infrastructure

The attractiveness of Slonim at night

share of its profits is reinvested annually. In the early 1990s, about a hundred flats stood unoccupied in the town. Once the factory was revived, citizens from neighbouring villages and, even, cities moved into them. How is it possible to attract capital from Minsk into the provinces — where competitive new production facilities are so badly needed? Presidential decree No. 1 — signed in January 2008 — is designed to stimulate investment by offering privileged terms for business in small towns (up to 50,000 residents). Commercial organisations setting up are exempt from profit tax and some other duties for a period of five years while entrepreneurs are exempt from paying value added tax and customs fees when importing technological equipment (to be used as a part of the statutory fund of a company using foreign investments). The results of such measures are already evident. In 2008, investments into the basic capital of small and medium-sized towns totalled about Br5 trillion — much exceeding forecasts. Over 30,000 jobs were created and industrial production in the provinces rose by almost 20 percent on 2007. Belarusian provinces are rising from the ashes.

Comfortable place . The global financial-economic crisis has, of course, influenced the economic development of small towns. Nevertheless, they are showing good dynamics. In late December, the Government released the preliminary results of its revival programme: the pace of growth of provincial industrial and consumer production has grown beyond the country’s average; employed citizens have risen in number from 813,000 to 827,000, with about 23,000 new jobs created; and over 1,200 small enterprises have been set up in the provinces, with their total number approaching 9,000. Investments into the basic capital have yielded prompt results. New factories, modern technology, competitive manufacture and worthy salaries seemed a dream some time ago. Now, they are becoming a reality for provincial towns. These are gradually turning into comfortable places to live — with jobs and accommodation, and access to social and cultural services. Naturally, they also boast cleaner air and fewer transport problems than the capital. In fact, they could inspire economic development countrywide. Thirty kilometres from Minsk, the Dzerzhinsk district’s towns of Dzerzhinsk, Fanipol and Negoreloe

are part of the revival programme but have managed without state funding for the past two years. Rather, private investments are flowing in to finance new production. According to the Chairman of the Dzerzhinsk D i s t r i c t E x e c ut i v e C om m itt e e , Nikolay Artyushkevich, about 30 new companies (most of them production based) have been registered in Fanipol alone. The 550 commercial enterprises located in the district generate almost 25 percent of taxes. Dynamic economic development has greatly changed the town itself. In the past decade, much construction work has been undertaken; few buildings look as they did ten years ago. Taxes allocated for Fanipol’s development have been spent wisely on improving the town. Regional development is the foundation of a strong and prosperous Belarus, as envisaged by state policy. “We are focusing attention on all aspects of small and medium-sized town development, providing equal living conditions for those in cities and villages,” the President stressed on New Year’s Eve, at the opening ceremony of an ice palace in Baranovichi. It is the sixth ice palace in the Brest region, confirming the successful fulfilment of state targets. By Lilia Khlystun

2010 беларусь.belarus

Society

Testing with talent We all have our own talents. The question is how to reveal, support and develop these talents. The Young Talents of Belarus state programme aims to give children the chance to fully develop themselves ‘Hothouse’ conditions. I start my

excursion into the world of children’s talents from Gomel Mayoral Office — an executive power. I’m told how the wunderkinds are discovered and how adults can help unveil potential. It’s common for parents to miss a child’s talents but teachers often succeed. On noticing an interest in art, sport or science, they can start developing it. “We are now paying attention to kindergarten children. Even at the age of two, we can notice aptitude, as the children learn to talk,” the Gomel region’s Education Department tells me. Children are able to develop their interests in music, dance, gymnastics and fine arts. Pre-schools are being encouraged to look out for talent countrywide. Gomel region’s database contains the names of around two thousand talented children under the age of six. They all boast sporting, artistic or intellectual capabilities, which are now being supported. No doubt, they are the future of our elite. “On entering school, at the age of seven, such children receive special attention,” explain education specialists. “Secondary schools extend the opportunities open to these children,

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teaching them in subjects which are of special interest to them. Optional classes are organised, alongside workshops and clubs at palaces of art and sport.” Gomel has created its own model for the development of young talents. Children showing an aptitude for science are automatically admitted to the city’s Leader School, which offers courses in all 32 subjects on the school curriculum. The region’s top teachers work with the 700 pupils. Most are multi-Olympiad winners (in various subjects) organised in Belarus and elsewhere. Gomel region has about 13,000 talented schoolchildren. Another thousand are on the republican databank of talented young people, awarded prizes of the Belarusian President’s Special Fund for Social Support of Gifted School and University Students. Of cours e, children don’t require the motivation of financial reward; rather, Belarus believes it’s necessary to mark their achievements and successes. Awards and scholarships are provided to teachers and talented pupils alike.

Special case. Year nine pupil Gennady Korotkevich, from Gomel’s gymnasium No. 56, is remarkable in being absolute world champion in programming (among schoolchildren). Never before has IT had such a genius. “His parents must take most of the credit,” say his teachers. Both work at the Mathematical Problems Chair of the Gomel State University (named after Frantsisk Skorina). Gennady’s father is a candidate of technical sciences while his mother is an assistant. Since childhood, they’ve been supporting the boy’s interest in mathematics. Mother Lyudmila notes that they took their son to Mikhail Dolinsky, the most famous teacher in Belarus, when they saw his real capabilities. Mr. Dolinsky gave the boy a book on programming.

society

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Subtlety of hearing. Among the laureates of the Belarusian President’s For Spiritual Revival 2009 award is 40 year old Vladimir Katsuro, an athletics coach at Gomel’s Leader Children Sports School. His award acknowledges his achievements in the social rehabilitation of the disabled. Mr. Katsuro knows well the problems of his trainees, having only partial hearing himself. Vladimir is perfect at the triple jump; in thirteen years, he’s won dozens of competitions in this discipline. “I became European champion for the first time at the age of 16 — in the long jump. Then, I participated in the Olympics. I’ve spent two-thirds of my life at the stadium,” smiles Vladimir. “I began training children seven years ago. My primary task is to notice talent; then, I can help them overcome difficulties and open up their possibilities.” One of the most promising trainees is Margarita Gralko. She was noticed in a swimming pool where, despite not being very good at swimming, she showed determination — useful for track and field Friends Michael Ostashkevich (left) and Ivan Artikhov (right) are proud of Gennady Korotkevich’s victory athletics. Under the guidance of Mr. Katsuro, Margarita has won four He recollects, “Three months passed points behind gold. Afterwards, he made gold medals and set a world record at without my hearing news from Gena, steady progress, taking gold and ranking Taiwan’s Delphian Games. Classes are held in unusual silence, so I thought he’d lost interest. Suddenly 20th in the world in 2007. He was his mother came, bringing a notebook seventh in 2008 and came first in 2009. since the children need no words of programmes. She explained that her Additionally, last year, he was placed — only gestures. They train under the son had been playing football during the second at the International TopCoder same sports methods as other teams, good weather but, now that it had ended, Competition. He is now ranked top however, Mr. Katsuro explains, “Their he’d begun solving computer problems. among schoolchildren and tenth among coach works more thoroughly with As a year two pupil, he took second prize global programmers, including profes- those suffering from bad hearing. An individual approach is applied to at the republican Olympiad — enabling sionals. None of his peers rival him. him to enter any Belarusian university For several years, this talented everyone. We don’t just focus on sport; without entrance exams. Once, he solved youngster and his teacher have rather, we give the children physical a problem regarding an object immersed received awards from the city’s Mayoral rehabilitation. They come to clubs to in water, despite not having studied Office and regional administration. improve their health and body posture. Archimedes’ Principle of Buoyant Force. In year nine, Gennady won the 21st Future victories rest on interest and He discovered it independently!” International Informatics Olympiad determination. The success of Margarita In 2006, as a year five pupil, Gennady and was awarded a scholarship for 2010 Gralko and other children who have won silver at the International Informatics by the Special Fund for Social Support of won Delphian Games prove this.” By Violetta Dralyuk Olympiad for schoolchildren — only six Gifted School and University Students.

2010 беларусь.belarus

Environment

‘Birds and people in harmony’

h e org an i s at i on h a s already implemented many projects to preser ve endangered birds and their habitats. APB-Birdlife is the official Belarusian representational office of BirdLife International — an environmental organisation with partners in over 100 countries worldwide. APB-Birdlife was founded in 1998, and has since become a professional ecological organisation uniting over 2,000 members, in 13 district branches and over 100 Winged Patrol school clubs. “Since the foundation of the organisation, over $5m has been attracted to preserve Belarus’ bio-diversity — our major goal,” notes the Director of

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Reuters

Under this slogan, APB-Birdlife Belarus has been exhorting us to care for birds for over a decade

APB-Birdlife, Victor Fenchuk. “These are successes we can be proud of but we shouldn’t rest on our laurels. Our achievements are only possible due to close collaboration with the Ministry for Natural Resources and Environmental Protection, the Forestry Ministry and the Education Ministry, as well as local authorities and academic institutes.” According to the Director General of the Scientific and Practical Centre for Bioresources at the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Mikhail Nikiforov, APB-Birdlife Belarus is mentioned widely in the media. These are weighty features written by acknowledged experts, specialists and consultants — relating to ecology, and wildlife and habitat protection.

APB-Birdlife Belarus directs its energies in two major directions: environmental projects to study and preserve precious sites and rare birds; and ecological-educational activities. It has its Birds and Us illustrated journal, and publishes various posters, brochures and other informational materials. Autumn bird watching and winter bird registering are among the most well-known, popular activities being realised by APB-Birdlife Belarus. They aim to popularise bird watching and to promote a caring attitude towards nature among Belarusians. Nightingale Nights has been held in the country for the second year, resulting in unique ‘nightingale’ maps being prepared for Minsk and some other cities. The organisation has been co-ordinating the pan-European Spring Alive campaign for three years now while Bird of the Year has become a nationwide event. Competitions of children’s drawings and fairytales inspire hundreds of entries. Meanwhile, Belpochta (Belarusian post) releases stamps dedicated to birds each year, while the National Bank releases commemorative coins. Other significant environmental projects organised by APB-Birdlife Belarus include plans to manage Polesie’s lowland marshes — home to rare aquatic warblers (depicted on the organisation’s logo). Annually, the association organises field camps allowing volunteers to help preserve the marshlands of the Republican Yelnya Reserve. The Turovsky Lug is also a specially protected territory, preserving bird diversity — particular of sandpipers. It has been given to APB-Birdlife on a long-term lease for environmental purposes — the first such arrangement in the history of Belarus.

Environment

DNA reveals secrets

First genetic passport for aurochs to be ready in 2010

enetic passports are being used to help promote the Belarusian auroch population, since breeding with close relatives weakens their immunity and lowers their life span. New technologies are to solve the problem and aid the formation of genetically healthy pairs. S cientists f rom the National Academy of Sciences are studying

New fish species Ichthyologists discover five new fish species in River Dnieper over past three years

he biodiversity of Belarusian rivers and water reservoirs is increasing — with more fish species present in the River Dnieper than before, including gudgeons, golden spined loaches, tubenosed gobies, south small stickle backs and Black Sea needle-fish. According to the Head of the Ichthyology Laboratory at the National Academy of Sciences’ Scientific and Practical Centre for Bio-resources, Victor Rizevsky, the first two have long inhabited Belarusian rivers while the rest are typical of the Black Sea. “The climate in Belarus is gradually softening, e n a b l i n g i nt e r v e n e r s f ro m warmer areas to settle here. For e x ampl e, t h e tu b e - n o s e d goby, the needlefish and the stickleback are gradually adapting to the republic’s water resources, expanding t heir habit at in a n at u r a l w ay,” t h e scientist believes.

Interveners have appeared in our water reservoirs from the Kiev water storage reservoir, where they have long ‘lived’. In the nearest time, Belarusian ichthyologists plan to discover at least three more new fish species. “According to our data, one more species of goby — a bighead goby — is also widespread in the Kiev water storage reservoir, alongside Benthophilus stellatus and a fish from

auroch DNA using modern moleculargenetic methods, enabling appropriate selection. The more DNA ‘differences’ the parents have, the healthier their offspring are. Scientists and ecologists are now jointly preparing a method for sampling animals’ tissue and blood. The same strategy could soon be used to promote the populations of royal stag and roe. Nine herds of 864 wild auroch currently live in Belarus. In the past fifteen years, their population has tripled — largely due to the resettlement of animals through the country. the clupeidae family,” Mr. Rizevsky explains. “Nothing hinders them from swimming along the River Dnieper to our country.” On one hand, increased biodiversity is welcome; however, the new fish species should be able to coexist without harming native species. Scientists are making plans of action in case ‘alien’ fish begin to oust precious species already living in our waterways. By Sergey Murakhovsky

2010 беларусь.belarus

Heritage

Return of relics Grodno is not known as a museum city for nothing. Its ancient palaces, unique castles and magnificent churches, which possess rare treasures, have been preserved. Sophisticated foreign tourists flock to see this wonderful city, admiring its collections of artefacts, gathered through the centuries. Unfortunately, many disappeared or were scattered during the troubled war years. However, Grodno residents haven’t lost heart; they continue searching for lost items. In the past, it was primarily enthusiasts who were involved in these searches; now, local authorities have joined the mission

ne of the city’s greatest losses was the miraculous icon of Kolozha Mother of God. According to legend, it was donated to the monastery by a dying beggar in the 17th century. The copper plate, depicting the Virgin Mary and the Christ Child, was a copy of the famous Vilnia Mother of God Hodegetria. In 1914, Tsar Nikolay II prayed before the icon with his family. The relic inspired incidences of miraculous healing but went missing in 1915; as German troops were approaching Grodno during WWI, treasures were evacuated. At that time, many Belarusian relics were brought to Russia, including two of the most important icons in Belarus: Zhirovichi and Kolozha. The Zhirovichi icon was found in the 1920s and was secretly returned; the fate of the Kolozha icon remains unknown. The Chairman of the Commission for Culture, Education and Youth at the Grodno City Council of Deputies, Alexander Losminsky, shows us a thick folder of ‘icon’ correspondence and explains, “Letters were sent to Russia, yet we failed to receive answers; the situation lasted for years. However, hosting a delegation from Moscow and Khimki (located near Moscow), we established strong ties and were able to tell our new friends about our problem…” The administration of Khimki District regrets that the Kolozha Mother of God icon hasn’t been found on its territory. The head of the administration, Vladimir Strelchenko, asked Russia’s best icon

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painters to create a new image, which now sits solemnly in Kolozha’s Church. Meanwhile, the Chairman of the Grodno City Executive Committee, Boris Kozelkov, wrote to Moscow’s NorthWestern Administrative District. Victor Kozlov, the Governor of the Moscow District and a member of the Moscow Government, immediately wrote to various addresses around the Russian capital, seeking the missing icon. However, the Historical and Russian museums, as well as the Tretyakov Gallery and

Yevstafy Orlovsky’s Grodnenskaya Starina (Grodno Antiquity) book (published in 1910 by a provincial printing house) tells of a northern trip by the Rzezh Pospolita’s last king, Stanisław August Poniatowski. The description of his luggage, transported from Grodno to St. Petersburg, occupies several pages. We can only guess at what the carts contained, since the king was considered to be a great admirer of sculpture and paintings; he had a large collection. Today, the city over the River Neva is home to the libraries of the Radziwill Palace and of the Dominican Monastery while the Hermitage boasts a bust of Stanisław August Poniatowski, from the gymnasium, and a huge collection of semiprecious stones once owned by Grodno Duke Valitsky. Moreover, it also keeps the most famous precious stone of the 18th century — called ‘Valitsky’s Sapphire’. Architectural historian Igor Trusov believes Dresden may hold the answer. Saxony’s archives contain thousands of historical documents from Grodno, in addition to a city plan from the 18th century, showing Miraculous icon of Kolozha Mother of God the Crystal Palace (little is currently Moscow Kremlin State Museum-Reserve known about it), situated near contemof History and Culture, stress that the porary Parizhskoy Kommuny Street. icon is not in their possession. The search The other plan from the same century, narrows, easing our task. Enquiries have which is kept in Warsaw, has Radziwill now been sent to Kolomensky Monastery Castle situated near the River Nieman, and to the St. Petersburg Museum of the although we know that the Radziwill Palace stood in the centre. There are History of Religion. Many Belarusian treasures found interesting archives relating to Grodno their way to St. Petersburg. Historian even in Sweden, in Stockholm’s Military

Exhibitions

Metaphors of passion Vasily Martynchuk’s jubilee exhibition takes place in Grodno city exhibition hall

yaroslav vaniukevich

Kolozha church

and Historical Archives. Moreover, Kiev State University possesses a true depository of treasures from the Grodno region. In the early 20th century, the richest library of the Khreptovichi family was brought there from the Shchorsy estate in the Novogrudok district. Two thousand unique books were to be returned as soon as the first university opened in Belarus, according to Khreptovich’s will, but the Ukrainian capital denies knowledge. “Of course, it’s naive to suppose that treasures taken from Grodno will immediately come back,” muses

Mr. Losminsky. “Any thing that we do restore will become available to Grodno residents and guests, as envisaged by the Spadchyna (heritage) city programme. A fire-fighting and technical museum has already appeared in Grodno’s historical centre and a numismatic museum is next in line. Temporary exhibitions have been organised, allowing lost relics to appear in Grodno — at least for a short time. It would be wonderful to display ‘Valitsky’s Sapphire’ in our mineralogical museum…” By Iosif Popko

he exhibition, dedicated to Vasily Mar tynchu k’s 50t h bir t hday, showcases around 60 of his works. Mr. Martynchuk portrays the mysterious feeling of love in an original, associative manner, via metaphor and symbolism. According to art historians, Martynchuk’s pieces are polyphonic, possessing their own magnetism and stirring the imagination. Meanwhile, they destroy stereotypes and penetrate our subconscious. Martynchuk’s Love Metamorphoses are multi-faced, designed to influence our emotions. A spectacular carnival show of masks appears before us, taking us to a fantasy world of unusual shape, colour and form. The saturated colours, symbolism and multi-faceted space create a feeling of holiday and movement. Mr. Martynchuk was born in 1959 in Ukraine, graduating from Leningrad Artistic Restoration College and Lvov Decorative and Applied Arts Academy. He is a member of the Belarusian Union of Artists and uses the techniques of monumental painting, graphical art and ceramics. Martynchuk has had many exhibitions in Grodno, as well as in Limoges, Paris and Tokyo. His works are also found in private collections in European, Asian and American countries. By Tatiana Vishnevskaya

Interesting facts  Bishop Iosif Sokolov gives us an exact description of the lost Kolozha

Mother of God icon, describing it ‘on a copper plate (17x22cm) inserted into a cypress plate’. He notes: ‘Her vestment is gold-coated silver (of 84th alloy) and the crowns are decorated with 14 garnet stones, inserted into silver holes. The crowns and edges are hammered, and Old Testament antitypes relating to the Mother of God have been skillfully carved on its edges, with 8 stones — 2 garnets, 5 carnelian stones and 1 agate — situated between the images. There are various pendants on the holy icon and around it; the icon is also frame-mounted with garnet stones with up to 45 large golden grains.’

2010 беларусь.belarus

Nature

Visiting the kingdom of aurochs Tourists from all over the globe come to Polesie and the Belovezhskaya Pushcha to meet exotic animals, to see five-century old lianas and embrace centuries-old oaks

ature lovers are becoming regular visitors to Belarus. After last year’s 600th anniversar y celebrations, the Belovezhskaya Pushcha — the world’s largest reserve — has become known to millions of people worldwide for its unique flora and fauna. However, there are many other unusual places located nearby, such as the basin of the River Pripyat. Its virgin forests and marshes are often called the ‘Belarusian Amazonia’. The purest lakes are found in the north of Belarus, boasting ‘prehistoric’ maxillopods; you can drink the water directly from its source. Wolves may now be rare in Western Europe but are easily met in Vitebsk region, alongside bears. Despite the last century’s large-scale reclamation, precious eco-systems have been preserved in the republic. Among them are lowland marshes (Europe’s ‘lungs’); these are home to dozens of protected species of plants and animals. Additionally, game — and even auroch — hunting is allowed.

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Siberia in the neighbourhood. Foreign audiences are yet to be sufficiently informed of opportunities in Belarus for ecological and hunting tourism. Africa’s dusty savannahs are more popular with safari enthusiasts than ‘Polesie Amazonia’ and the ‘jungles’ of the Belovezhskaya Pushcha. However, Cheslav Shulga, Belarus’ Deputy Minister for Sports and Tourism, believes that ‘Belarusian nature is among the most unspoilt in the world, giving it a competitive edge in the world of tourism and making it supremely marketable’. “We can be truly proud of this and should promote ourselves as a country at the heart of Europe which has preserved wild nature in its primeval state.” Sergey Plytkevich, a photographer and traveller, notes that Belarus combines natural exoticism with a favourable geographic location. He asserts that there’s no need to worry about the lack of access to the sea. “We don’t have seas or mountains. However, I’ve travelled all over Belarus, ‘shooting’ hundreds of species of animals. Our country possesses

wild, untouched landscapes. Taking into account our geographical location in Europe, we can offer a competitive product on the tourist market. We are not remote Siberia or the Russian North, which are difficult to reach, yet we boast flora and fauna no less interesting.”

Shocked by the green. Residents of Middle Eastern countries have been among the first to assess the attractions of Belarusian nature. Nikolay Takunov, Vneshintourist’s Deputy Director, has long worked with tourists from Arab countries. He believes they ‘are attracted by our reserves’ and ‘shocked by the amount of green, by our rivers and fields’. Maria Filipovich, Belintourist’s Director, is well aware of the beauty of Belarus yet even she was surprised by the lushness of the Pripyat River basin on a recent trip. “Our country is rich in

Nature

Belarus — situated at the centre of Europe and equal in size to the UK — is opening before the world as a place where western and eastern cultures meet, as well as Orthodox, Catholic, Muslim and Judaic religions. It’s a unique land and stands out not only for its historical heritage. Its nature remains pure, untouched by human civilisation — home to rare species of animals and exotic plants. Finally, Belarus is the last place on the planet to preserve a population of aurochs in the wild. Foreign guests have long recognised the fact that Belarus has preserved a unique, even primeval natural landscape, as well as its cultural traditions

nature — perfect for incoming tourism,” she smiles. Francesco Frangialli, the Secretary-General of the World Tourism Organisation, shared similar views on his visit to Belarus. In Western countries, three trees can be said to comprise a small park! Land is privately owned, so there are fewer opportunities to experience the raw thrill of nature. The Italians are petrified on hearing that people can easily walk into the woods to gather mushrooms. In Italian forests, visitors are restricted to special paths. Here, everything belongs to the state, making it fully accessible to the public. The Pripyat River basin isn’t called ‘Polesie Amazonia’ for nothing. I’ll never forget cruising along this broad river by motor boat with my colleagues. Suddenly, one of them exclaimed, ‘I’ve just returned from Zambia; however, Africa didn’t make as strong an impression on me

as our Pripyat!’ There were so many wonderful aspects to our trip. At the time, the water level was high, so oaks were standing ‘knee-deep’. Huge, blue dragonflies flew overhead and, in the evening, we caught a 70kg catfish…”

Visiting ostriches in villages. Mr. Shulga believes that ecological tourism is perhaps the most promising area. The Deputy Minister for Sports and Tourism reports that, according to the World Tourism Organisation, over five million people from western countries enjoy eco-holidays. Elections in the European Union saw the Green Party receive around 9 percent of votes, so we can assume that millions of people are potential participants of ecotours to Belarus. Which opportunities are offered to travellers? Visiting an exotic country,

you can usually sign up for excursions to the jungle — wild and untouched, while boasting some tourist infrastructure. You can take photos of the wonders before you, enjoy a meal and take home marvellous memories. Belarus has been working hard to set up similar excursions. You can travel to an ostrich farm in the Postavy district. Additionally, according to Mr. Plytkevich, local guide Yegor Shushkevich offers other exciting trips through this district of the Vitebsk region. Mr. Plytkevich explains, “We like to use local experts, like Shushkevich. Speaking of eco-tourism, I must mention that each region has unique characteristics and traditions. Each boasts its own natural beauty spots, historical sites and cultural motifs. Besides stunning landscapes, our country has preserved several villages in their original state. You can visit them in conjunction with

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Nature

nature tours and / or hunting. One such is the village of Kudrichi, situated where the River Yaselda flows into the River Pripyat. Kudrichi is unique, since it has preserved so many of the elements missing from our modern lives. Roofs are thatched and people use hand-made household utensils.”

Between promising and performing. Private firms account

for 90 percent of Belarus’ tourist market. They welcome guests, providing accommodation and looking after their needs. Nikolay Kozak, Director of state Belgosokhota enterprise, assures us that, “Our enterprise has managed to set up a welldeveloped system of guest welcome. We greet visitors at the airport, accommodate them at a good hotel, organise excursions if they wish, provide them with a gamekeeper and transport for hunting, and offer services for trophy processing (with the necessary documents). Of course, our system has improved by trial and error. Recently, we welcomed Ger-

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mans and Spaniards, informing them about our excursion programme via the Internet. They expressed their great wish to see Minsk and visit Dudutki ethnographic village.” Belarusian hunting trips are selling like hot cakes. Galina Zaburyanova, Head of Tourism Department at the Presidential Property Management Directorate, tells us that hunting tours run by her department already have three year waiting lists. The jewel in the crown — the Belovezhskaya Pushcha — sees around 187,000 visitors each year. Rather than simply trying to raise this number, it’s keen to expand services.

comed by Baba-Yaga. She stops a minibus, gets into it and demands … a ransom. Of course, it’s a joke. She then takes her ‘prisoners’ into her hut, where she asks them to play roulette — an unusual combination of fairytale and modernity. Father Frost is also gaining a residence here, being built on the riverbank, ready for a spring opening. According to legend, famous poet Nikolay Gusovsky was born in the area. Back in the 16th century, he wrote De statura feritate ac venatione bisontis carmen (The Song about Bison, Its Stature, Ferocity and Hunt), celebrating the attractions of the Belarusian countryside.

Forest fairytale. Infrastructure is also being developed at the Nalobokskaya Pushcha. Naliboki, as it’s called, is located not far from Minsk — a major advantage. Aurochs live there, alongside characters from Belarusian folk legends. Father Frost may be ‘king’ of the Belovezhie, welcoming children and adults all year round, but Naliboki visitors are wel-

Where do aquatic warblers live? Belarus’ Deputy Forestry Min-

ister, Nikolay Yushkevich, confirms that increasing numbers are seeking out Belarusian forests. “In 2009, Belarus was Europe’s third most popular destination for foreign hunters, behind Russia and Hungary. However, only 15 percent of visitors come to actively

Belta

Nature

hunt. The rest are happy to relax at the lodges, which offer every comfort. Sometimes, whole families arrive: one member goes hunting while the rest relax, take excursions, go fishing and gather mushrooms and berries.” Foreigners are now receiving equal rights with domestic hunters. In 2008, Belarus earned around $2m from foreign hunting tourists and, over the last three years, hunting lodges have raised their profits by 5-10 and, even, 15-fold. The number of animals available to hunt is constantly rising; currently, there are 120,000 hoofed creatures in the country. How can foreign tourists learn about the opportunities open to them, travelling through the national parks and relaxing at Belarus’ hunting lodges? The Executive Director of Master Puteshevtviy (Master of trips) tourist company, Igor Chernozipunnikov, tells us, “For a western hunter, personal recommendation by another hunter is the best advertisement.”

Mr. Plytkevich advises us to find a specialist on the Internet. “You can avoid risks if you work with professionals. For example, APB-Birdlife Belarus can tell you where rare birds nest — such as the aquatic warbler.” Hunting lodges employ those who know the forests like the back of their hands. A new hunting lodge has been built on the bank of the River Nieman, in the suburbs of ancient Lyubcha (on a Novogrudok forestry farm). It sleeps six, has central heating, a kitchen and, even, a billiard table. It costs just 15 euros per day to stay there (and the same again for food). “We can organise rest at the highest level,” notes the forestry farm’s director, Alexander Dosko. “Our guests never leave without trophies. In January, they can hunt deer and wild boar. In April, they can shoot geese and, in May, boar and wild goats are in season. We began to welcome foreigners in 2008 and have since had many Lithuanian and Russian guests, alongside hunters from France, Italy and Spain.

Eternal liana. While forestry farms continue to improve their infrastructure, the Belovezhskaya Pushcha remains the most developed complex. It’s unlike any

other forest, with mixed climatic zones. Even plants which have long since disappeared elsewhere thrive here. The Belovezhskaya Pushcha has been divided into quarters, with the 713th housing the famous residence of Father Frost. The neighbouring 712th houses a beautiful, ancient oak forest. Valentina Khudyakova, a botanist and research officer at the Belovezhskaya Pushcha National Park, muses, “The Belovezhskaya Pushcha is like a time machine. You can enter a quiet glade and, viewing the plants, can imagine how things appeared centuries ago.” Ms. Khudyakova shows us plants which usually grow in central Europe. Belovezhie is an island in Belarus — home to species long extinct elsewhere. The rarest is ivy. One plant twines a 40 year old birch tree on the bank of Lake Lyatskoe. She assures us that this is one of several ivies in the Pushcha. Liana can reach 500 years old, like oaks. They are evergreen and only blossom once in their lifetime. In 2008, flowers appeared on this particular example; Ms. Khudyakova noticed them by chance. Who knows… perhaps you too will be lucky enough to witness such wonders of nature in a Belarusian forest? By Viktar Korbut

Expert opinion Rikus Hulsher, an ecologist and the head of a tourist company from Amsterdam (Holland): ‘Where, if not in Belarus, can you see 500 year old oaks?’ I’ve arrived in Belarus via Poland, which also has its Belovezhskaya Pushcha — once part of a single reserve. There are many people in Holland who are interested in nature and they’ve heard a great deal about your forests. The Pushcha is of great value to all Europeans, but especially to the Dutch. Your forests are untouched; if an old tree falls, it lies on the ground and then decays into the earth, preserving the natural balance of microorganisms. The Earth is suffering various environmental difficulties but there’s a corner of Belarus where everything exists as it did many thousands of years ago. Where else can you see 500 year old oaks? Only in Belarus…, in Belovezhie. I’d particularly like to note the infrastructure of the National Park, which boasts a comfortable hotel and professional excursion guides. Moreover, rural guesthouses are springing up, attracting more tourists from Western Europe.

2010 беларусь.belarus

Devotion

Living archive History lover Andrey Kuvaev knows more about the Radziwills than any encyclopaedia

s a boy, Andrey’s parents often took him to see his grandmother — travelling from Baranovichi to Gomel. The road was long, with several stops. Once, his father stopped halfway, at Nesvizh, the former residence of the Radziwills (the richest family of Belarus). His parents wanted to visit the palace, which hosted a sanatorium at that time. Andrey had thought that castles only existed in fairytales. However, this was a true castle — situated in native Belarus, rather than in Andersen’s fairytale kingdom.

Acquaintance with Hercules.

These days, the names of the Radziwills and Nesvizh are known to almost everyone; these monuments of culture — created under the aegis of this famous magnate family — are on the UNESCO World Heritage List. However, about 15-20 years, there were no books, films or Internet information on the noble family. Everything connected with their name was viewed as a legend or a fairytale. “When I saw portraits of dukes in an album on arts — women in luxurious dresses and men in armour — I was bewildered,” recollects Andrey Kuvaev. “They resembled characters from Dumas’ Three Musketeers. I was especially impressed by Yuri Radziwill, who lived in the 16th century and was known for his bravery. He was even named Hercules for his deeds. I only later discovered that this was flattery, when I began working with the archives. Having discovered the Radziwills for myself, I felt obliged

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to write a popular book for Belarusians about their most famous countrymen.” Really, the Radziwills were known in Europe long ago. They received their princely title from the German Emperor and their palaces were found in Ukraine, Poland, Lithuania, Berlin and Rome. Their descendants can be found in the USA. Six months ago, Mr. Kuvaev launched his Radziwill.by Internet site, publishing documents and testimonies gathered since the 1990s.

A list of reassurances. Mr. Kuvaev now works as a businessman but remains a historian in his soul, researching during his spare time. His flat resembles a branch of the National Historical Archives and the National Library. Andrey is not just well-read; his knowledge of the country’s past, which is entwined with the fate of the Radziwills, makes him a living archive. He boasts old dockets, original documents and copies of ancient laws — collected over recent years. Unsurprisingly, Mr. Kuvaev was recently asked to help with the reconstruction of Nesvizh Palace and Park Ensemble. His collection of photos of the palace’s interiors is unrivalled. As often happens, he began with small business, compiling a database on the Radziwills at the age of 15. He visited the National Historical Archives for the first time, surprising other visitors with his dedication. He went to the director and explained his desire to work with ancient manuscripts. However strange it may seem, he was given access to papers dating back 300-400 years! Andrey

charmed the archives’ directorship and was soon holding documents once handled by princes. He next faced the challenge of understanding the papers, since they were written in Polish — which only has some similarities to Russian and Belarusian. Moreover, of course, being written in the Middle Ages, the Polish differed from that of today. The manuscripts were hand written in intricate script, so Andrey not only had to learn Old Polish but was obliged to master the science of reading ancient handwriting. Why did Andrey aspire to such intellectual suffering? He doesn’t hide that he sought the discovery of something new — something unknown to experienced academicians. The Radziwills’ documents were almost unstudied, as the country lacked enough historians able to investigate these priceless documents exclusively. Soon, Andrey found a list of Nesvizh treasures from the 18th century; even today, it remains unpublished.

Shifting from parchment to computer. The list is now kept in the

694th fund of archives and at Mr. Kuvaev’s flat. However, it will eventually be placed on the Radziwill.by site — although we are unsure when. Andrey admits that he never imagined that he’d collect so many rare documents on the noble family. His home archive is worthy of being ‘national’. Just imagine how many papers he keeps! Minute descriptions of Nesvizh Castle’s rooms (such as the number of windows and which rooms were fresco painted) take up huge amounts of space on their own. Mr. Kuvaev plans to

Devotion Among the inscriptions are ‘Vinvm laetificet cor hominis. Psal CIII’ and ‘Lavamini mundi estote. Esai I’. Mr. Kuvaev has calculated that there are twelve such inscriptions written around the courtyard. They radiate as if from a clock face. In fact, they are quotes from the Bible, chosen to reflect where the doors lead. For example, ‘vinvm laetificet cor hominis’ means ‘wine which jollifies a man’; it’s written near the original wine cellar. ‘lavamini mundi estote’ is the beginning of the Biblical phrase ‘wash yourselves, be clean’ and would have probably pointed to a banya. In the past, people wisely lived according to the Bible, following the guidance of the Holy Book. The nobility often used quotations to codify their secrets, taking delight in the nature of their puzzles.

Traces of Rembrandt and Titian. While studying the inventory de-

Deep in the heart of the entrepreneur Andrey Kuvaev lives a historian

place these details and other fragments of the lost past on the Internet, thus reviving it. In the 1990s, few in Belarus knew of Nesvizh and its treasures. However, soon, the smallest details of the Radziwills’ lives will be stored in computer databases, making them available to everyone, worldwide. An important detail characterises Andrey’s work. Compiling his collection while at school and university, he would spend hours in the archives. His peers might miss classes to go on a date but Andrey only had eyes for history. He had to have at least an hour with the ancient manuscripts before the library closed. Mr. Kuvaev’s efforts yielded results; he knows more about the Radziwills than anyone else. These days, if you

want to deepen your knowledge of the great Belarusian family, there’s no need to go to the library or archives. Just email Andrey and he’ll tell you about Nesvizh’s ‘kings’. You’ll find out more from him than from any encyclopaedia. Having studied the site, we here reveal some of the secrets of Nesvizh and the Radziwills.

In vino veritas. Walking through the courtyard of Nesvizh Castle, I notice inscriptions in Latin above the doors. In ancient times, any educated person would have been able to read them. Now, Latin has yielded its international status to English. Only specialists can decipher these messages from the past.

scriptions of the Nesvizh treasury, Andrey came across an abundance of gold and silver. He also discovered mention that the castle kept canvases by famous artists, such as Rembrandt. Later, he noticed a portrait by Titian — kept at the palace gallery in German Kassel. It was drawn in 1550 and signed Portrait of a Nobleman. He mused on who this nobleman might be. In late 1548, Titian was invited to the court of Holy Roman Emperor Charles V (who had awarded the Grand Duchy of Lithuania Chancellor, Mikolaj Radziwill Czarny, his princely title in 1517-1518). Radziwill visited the Emperor in 1547 and in 1553. It’s likely that Titian painted the portrait of a Belarusian magnate at that time and his ‘nobleman’ resembles Mikolaj Czarny greatly.

African passions. In the late 19th century, Cecil Rhodes set up a corporation in South Africa — now globally known as De Beers Consolidated Mines. It now owns most of the diamond mines in the region and controls from 60 to 80 percent of precious stones’ turnover. However, few realise

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Devotion

D’Ornano-Radzivill’s apartment near Paris The main hall of the palace is decorated with Barbara Radzivill’s portrait

that Rhodes had an affair with Catherine Radziwill. She also enchanted young Winston Churchill, who called her ‘charming and eccentric’. No doubt, the Princess could choose her lovers freely. She met Rhodes in 1896, in London; later, they went to Africa together. Rhodes needed Catherine, as she had some important acquaintances. Really, a Radziwill could hardly lack them, being related to the Stewarts and English royalty. Besides being part of a noble family herself, she was married to Prince Wilhelm Radziwill, an officer in the Prussian army. She married him at the age of 15 but her maiden name of Rzewuska could also ‘open many doors’. Catherine’s father, Adam Rzewuski, was a general and aide-de-camp of Russian Tsar Nikolay I. He even worked as a military commandant in St. Petersburg and his sister was Balzac’s wife. Catherine was only interested in Rhodes for his business acumen and money so it was unsurprising that they eventually quarrelled. Nevertheless, a Belarusian track is left in the history of the diamond corporation.

French perfume aroma. The French perfumes of Sisley, Coty and Lancôme hardly need advertising. From 1974-1976, Count Hubert 44

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d'Ornano created his first perfume, under the ‘Sisley’ trademark — following his interest in aromatherapy and phytotherapy. At the time, the idea of using natural plant extracts and oils in beauty products was viewed as innovative. Hubert’s wife, Isabelle, is the company’s Vice President and is half Radziwill; she’s very proud of her link to the noble family. Her palace near Paris is decorated with a portrait of famous Barbara Radziwill — the most beautiful woman of the 16th century. The Radziwill.by site provides information on Barbara’s life, including her love for the son of the Lithuanian-Polish King. Later, she became Queen but fell victim to plotting — being poisoned by those who envied her. The details of her tragic love were even filmed in 1936!

Mingling with the Kennedy family. Lee, or Caroline Radziwill (maiden

name Bouvier) was the younger sister of Jacqueline — who married into the famous Kennedy family. Lee herself married wealthy Prince Stanislaw Albrecht Radziwill on March 19th, 1959, in London. Five months later, their son, Antoni, was born and, the following year, daughter Anna Christina joined the family. Lee Radziwill in her apartment in Manhattan, New York

Stanislaw Albrecht helped Kennedy greatly in his struggle for the American presidency, organising a far-reaching campaign. After the elections, Kennedy presented his portrait to the Duke, inscribed: ‘We’ve won owing to you’. Stanislaw became a friend of the new President, often accompanying him on trips and at official receptions. The affection and friendship between the two families was so strong that, in 1961, Kennedy travelled to London for Anna’s christening, promising to be her godfather. Stanislaw had undertaken the same responsibility the previous year, becoming godfather to Kennedy’s son. On June 5th, the christening ceremony took place in Westminster Abbey, in the presence of English and American officials. The next day, Yelizaveta II hosted the reception. The Radziwills divorced fifteen years later but Lee is still proud of bearing the family name of Radziwill. Fashion has been the major business of Lee’s life. She has worked with fashion magazines and, in 1958, organised a show of American fashion at the World Exhibition in Brussels. Many years later, she admitted to Larry King in his show that she felt responsible for American fashion in the face of the humankind and that it had given her much joy. With her thoroughbred style, Lee headed Armani’s PR Department for a decade. In their historical homeland and abroad, the Radziwills remain a symbol of high society and high style. By Viktar Korbut

Ivan Zhdanovich

Initiative

For friends and guests Artistic gallery opens at Union of Theatre Workers of Belarus

lenty of pleasant events usually take place during the festive Christmastide. O utst anding op erett a prima donna Natalia Gaida, a People’s Artiste of Belarus, is magically transformed into Theodora Verdier in Emmerich Kálmán's Circus Princess or into Sylva from his Csárdásfürstin. Ms. Gaida didn’t sing at the Union’s gallery’s opening but just the mention of the chance of performing her favourite pieces in the near future brought a smile to her face and a glint to her eye; her

body language was clear. I was standing nearby and was able to overhear her conversation with the Chairman of the Theatre Workers’ Union, playwright Alexey Dudarev. “Ms. Gaida, will you be our hostess at the International Theatre Day,” Mr. Dudarev asked. “You’ll sing romances and arias from operettas and we’ll invite friends and will talk, as we did at the House of Arts…” Ms. Gaida eagerly agreed. Later, she promised to grant me an interview for my column, which describes theatrical artistes.

The event brought together heads of Minsk theatres, stage directors and artists. Honoured Artiste of Belarus Tatiana Likhacheva arrived from Vitebsk while Dmitry Mokhov, a famous artist, set designer and a member of the UNESCO International Federation of Artists, was the hero of the day. Recently, in one of our magazine’s articles we spoke of Tchaikovsky’s Eugene Onegin opera — a great success at the National Bolshoi Academic Opera and Ballet Theatre. I mentioned Mr. Mokhov as a wonderful set designer, admiring the purity and transparency of his style and the dominance of his pastel colours. During the opening of the gallery, the guests were able to get acquainted with the artist and to view some of his sketches, models and posters from theatrical performances. A video film was also screened. “In future, when such meetings become a tradition, we’ll stop remembering the atmosphere of the Arts House, or the Actor House, as we once called it, with nostalgia. We could go there to chat with theatre colleagues, see artists and set designers’ works, bring together young playwrights, celebrate premieres of performances and actors’ birthdays and invite prominent personalities from abroad. I hope that we'll revive the opportunity to chat with great figures, as well as with each other, within the walls of our Union,” asserted Mr. Dudarev, speaking at the gallery opening. He is clearly pleased to recollect the past, describing the days when he was climbing the artistic ladder, conquering the peaks of the most complex literary genre — dramaturgy. I watched as he met legends such as Vladimir Korotkevich, playwright Andrey Makaenok and People’s Artiste of the USSR and Russia Kirill Lavrov. The House of Arts has re-opened modestly, as a gallery but also as a house for friends and guests, occupying the entire office of the Theatre Workers’ Union. All those attending the evening felt warm and comfortable within its walls. By Valentina Zhdanovich

2010 беларусь.belarus

Theatre

What scares Svetlana anikey the most is to become an actress in her real life as she believes that there should exist a clear division between art and life

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Alexander kanatop

Emphatic characters

never thought that I’d be working with the Kupala Theatre. It was a shock therapy session. Alexander Gartsuev and Zoya Belokhvostik taught us when we were students and, with their help, I found myself in the theatre. I took part in Alexander Gartsuev’s independent performance of ‘Uncle Vanya’ and, from then, fell into the role of Sonechka. There are few roles I still dream of playing. Sometimes, I become so at home with a character that I forget about the play and just speak the words. There was one occasion in particular where this happened. I began behaving as if I were my character. Svetlana, it seems you surpass your colleagues in the currently popular performance of To Drink, Sing, Cry. Thank you very much, but I don’t take such praise seriously… It displeases you? Yes, slightly. Is teamwork important to you in a performance, or can you distance yourself, creating your own role? It’s impossible to achieve the necessary result and influence the audience without working as a team. I love being urgently ‘introduced’ into a new role on which I have to concentrate. You have to totally focus. Of course, everything depends on the stage director and on how you relate to each other. Can you remember any of such urgent ‘introductions’ in particular? In ‘ Woy z e c k’, w i t h G e r m a n director Monika Dobrowlanska, I had to ‘penetrate’ my role in just four days. Then, we went to a festival in St. Petersburg. I’m pleased to say that my performance received praise and nobody realised that I’d had so little preparation. I learnt so much from Monika. However, I don’t want to discuss the details; they’re private. Over my entire career, I’ve taken part in over 400 castings. These have hardened me incredibly. I can’t help recalling that ‘all women are angels, but when their wings are cut, they have to fly on a broom’. It doesn’t do you any good to become embittered though…

Theatre I’m not embittered. Why do you think so? I’m speaking metaphorically. These castings have given me maturity, for which I’m grateful. At first, each time I was rejected, I was deeply hurt — as if a knife had entered my heart. Gradually, I stopped paying attention to this and just got on with it in a professional manner. Do you remember any of these castings in particular? No. These days, it’s producers, rather than stage directors, who make decisions. I can find a common language with a stage director, who may like my audition even when the producer doesn’t. However, I support the director and his creative vision, rather than the producer. I feel the expanding energy of our acting environment. It seems to me that some shift is taking place, with serious work being conducted. Of course, it won’t be easy to move our cultural layer forward but it’s vital that several people from our theatre are involved in this great mission. Belarusian theatre still has many unexpressed and undisclosed themes. We can and should work deeper and more seriously. Do you have any actor friends? My friends are a stage director and several former classmates. My best friend — an actress — resides in Moscow. I don’t distance myself from my colleagues, but I don’t want to bring my acting profession into my ‘real’ life. It’s a long standing decision… Why? Maybe, so that I can remain a ‘nonactress’ in my everyday life. I believe that a clear division should exist, so that I have something to say on stage later. The generally accepted image of an actress doesn’t fit me. I’ve always thought of it as being … tiresome. What is the major danger of becoming an actress in your real life? You may not understand what’s good and what’s bad or you may become less empathetic to others’ pain and have less responsibility for those who are close to you. I don’t want to lose my human emotions and feelings. By Valentin Pavoleev

Reaching for heaven’s door National Academic Drama Theatre premieres Stars from the Seventh Sky musical fairytale for all the family, staged by Honoured Artiste of Belarus, playwright and stage director Gennady Davydko

right sets, large puppets, fantastic adventures and live singing promise to make the performance beautiful and spectacular. Gennady Davydko’s idea is to show children and adults that they have stopped using their imagination. Instead, we allow ourselves to be guided by foolish stereotypes, indulging in ambitions to achieve wealth and fame. Celebrities, driving luxurious cars and living the high life, are not suitable models for aspiration. Expectations of success are set too high, leaving many children feeling themselves to be failures. “Nevertheless, the show’s moral message remains secondary to its entertainment value as a musical fairy-tale, filled with humour. It demonstrates the struggle between good and evil,” explains Mr. Davydko. “Our six main actors sing solo, without the help of audio tracks. I think it will appeal to everyone.”

The major leads are performed by young actors, alongside Honoured Artiste of Belarus Andrey Dushechkin. “The fairytale is a tricky genre, since not everyone can act for children,” asserts Mr. Davydko. “Children won’t believe you if you don’t appear genuine or overact. They either like something or they don’t. We want to bring enchantment to the stage, making children feel at home in the theatre.” The plot of Stars from the Seventh Sky is simple. Offended by angry children, Cat Murmot (Vladimir Glotov) and Doll Elya (Alexandra Bogdanova) want to achieve their most sacred dream. With the help of the Kind Fairy (Tatiana Bovkalova), they set off on a dangerous trip through seven skies (with six skies representing our major vices) to save the dying stars. They face terrible horrors, which they defeat. By Dmitry Kopat

2010 беларусь.belarus

Traditions

House full of pies ‘Na pososhok’ (or ‘let’s drink a parting cup’) — is a well known phrase at the table. From where does it originate? I’ve never considered it before, but, owing to Tamara Sinyakova from the village of Lyady (in the Dubrovno district) I’ve seen and tasted this ‘pososhok’! Tamara is a hereditary karavainitsa (round loaf maker)

K Tamara Sinyakova, a hereditary karavainitsa (round loaf maker) is always willing to treat her quests to flavorous pies

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aravainitsa is not a profession; it’s more of a vocation. Women able to bake pies and other delicious foods, without which no holiday is complete, are revered for their talent. They tend to share their recipe secrets only with their heirs; those wishing to penetrate the mystery of making wedding pies and other authentic dishes, must be patient, determined and strong. “Of course, you can buy a cake from a shop but, previously, they were only hand made,” stresses Ms. Sinyakova, the Director of the Lyady Village Culture House. “In our family, my grandmother, Domna Yefimovna, my father’s mother,

Traditions was a master of baking. She was a true karavainitsa and was much respected in the village. She was obliged never to quarrel, since this could cause the dough (a living, capricious substance) not to rise and be tasty.” Domna would rise at 3am to knead her dough secretly and in a peaceful atmosphere. Loud noises would disturb the process. “When I tried to peep into the kitchen to see what my granny was doing, I was immediately bundled out of the room,” recalls Ta m a r a . “ I had to learn from my own mistakes. I’m very thankful to my mother, Tatiana Mikhailovna, who gave me several sacks of flour.” Ms. Sinyakova is a true professional now, and keeps her grandmothers’ secrets. “Domna Yefimovna had 27 large cast iron frying pans, nine of which could be placed simultaneously in her Russian oven. Moreover, my granny was able to drive the heat upwards at a certain moment. I still cannot understand how she did this,” says Tamara. Returning to ‘na pososhok’ I can tell you that a posokh was a freshly baked roll filled with poppy seeds: very tasty! After eating pancakes with curd, a large plate of posokhs was presented to signal the end of the meal — since hosts would never be impolite enough to tell their guests when it was time to leave. This is where the phrase ‘na pososhok’ comes from.

Many ancient ceremonies are still observed in Lyady, including wedding rites. Newly-weds are ‘taken to water’ while parents who are giving their last child in the family for marriage are beaten with wheat sheaves on their backs. Additionally, a huge, round wedding loaf decorated with the shape of apple twigs is cooked. It is eaten by the guests on the second day, to ensure happiness. “The apple tree is a symbol of fertility,” explains Ms. Sinyakova. “S ome b elie ve t hat dough twigs bring happiness, so can be kept for many years. However, w he n I w as a child, they were so tasty that we tended to eat them!” Those who leave Lyady and those getting married ask Tamara to bake a round loaf for them. Her bakery is well known in the Vitebsk region and has been welcomed at Polish Łódź festival. Ms. Sinyakova attended with the Dubrovenskiya Prysmaki Folk Club. “The road to Russia goes via Lyady, so a roadside café selling ‘prysmaki’ (delights) would be extremely popular,” dreams Tamara. Thinking of who might inherit her granny’s culinary secrets, she notes that her niece, Nastya, or son, Ivan, could take up the baton. It’s important for Belarusian legacies to be passed down.

Popular traditions National Art Museum hosts Generous Chest

ollections from the National Art Museum are on show, including chests made 50 years ago by masters of straw weaving, painting and straw embroidery, from Brest and Zhlobin. Traditionally, chests occupied a place of honour in every Belarusian house. Huge wooden boxes held fabrics, clothes, linen, jewellery and a bride’s dowry. The biggest were even used as beds while the smallest were used as tobacco boxes. Originally painted in black or green, they often boasted iron hinges and handles. Over the course of time, they were painted more decoratively, with imitation wood grain added. In the early 20th century, artistic floral painting of chests gained popularity in most Belarusian regions, with bouquets and garlands placed in squares and rectangles. From the 1950s onwards, demand for large chests fell greatly and, by the late 20th century, only small straw and wooden boxes were being produced — as souvenirs. Traditional methods of decoration (including repeating motifs and symmetrical designs recalling national patterns) adorn these pretty pieces. By Marat Gorevoy

By Sergey Golesnik

On the topic Hereditary karavainitsa Tamara Sinyakova:

Tatiana Garzueva, the Head of the Dubrovenskiya Prysmaki Folk Club, says, “We revere our traditions. Last year, we organised a regional festival of old wedding ceremonies in Dubrovno for the first time. I don’t yet know whether it will become a tradition — if another festival could take place. However, if a ‘culinary’ competition were to be organised within the event, it would surely attract tourists, in addition to folklorists and cultural workers. Gastronomic tourism is very popular around the world.”

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Culture news

Giving talent wings Successful young artistes receive strong state support

very year, Belarus’ young talents give a concert. Laureates and scholarship and diploma holders of the Belarusian President’s Special Fund for Social Support of Gifted School and University Students join forces to show their skills. At the end of 2009, artistes from all over the country performed at the Palace of the Republic, enchanting the audience with their diversity of genres and high level of mastery. The Fund supports those recognised for their talent: most have already claimed victories at international contests. The recent concert was held in a warm atmosphere, with friends, relatives and teachers of young artistes present. Youngsters sang songs and played the

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cello, violin, flute, clarinet, piano forte, accordion, guitar and cembalo… Dancing and an interesting performance with hoops added extra variation and those present were generous in their applause. Such concerts offer the opportunity for young people to display their achievements and cast their eyes to the future. In addition to those taking part and winning for the first time were youngsters already recognised by the Presidential Fund; they study and work at the country’s top educational establishments and with the best artistic teams. “The Fund is soon to celebrate its 14th birthday. In this time, hundreds of talented young Belarusians have been acknowledged by its awards,” the Chairperson of the Special Fund’s Board, Nina Mazai, tells us. “It’s a good example of strong state policy aimed at supporting artistic young people and national culture. Together, educational establishments, talented lecturers and caring parents create the right conditions to develop talent.” No doubt, the Belarusian firmament will soon be studded with new names. Straw artworks by pupils from the Inspiration Studio (part of the Kletsk District Centre of Culture) had their works on show at the concert, showing that, even in the provinces, young artists are being encouraged. By Ivan Ivanov

Expressive festival enchants audiences International Classical Music Festival gathers full houses in Vitebsk

he International Musical Festival named after Ivan Sollertinsky has for the first time gathered lovers of classical music from all over the country; meanwhile, it attracted almost ten percent of Vitebsk residents. In the future, the festival is likely to become a regional attraction for fans of classical music. The State Academic Symphony Orchestra of Belarus played in the final concert of seven, which included performers from Russia, Finland, Sweden, Holland and Belarus. Globally famous stars and well-known pieces by classical composers featured. One of the most popular pianists in the world, international contest laureate Nikolay Lugansky, gave a concert and, for the first time in the festival’s history, organisers invited a string quartet from St. Petersburg — one of the best in the world. Audiences were able to admire famous Finnish pianist Juhani Lagerspetz and Swedish organist Hans Fagius, who enchanted everyone with his bright musical performance and artistic skills.

Sport

Fortune favours the brave

elarusian rowers have lately made a name for themselves, perhaps because t he sp or t st i rs something in our native blood. We all know that Belarusians prefer intimacy to corporate anonymity. We show loyalty Each New Year, we make wishes for the future. We hope and honest y not to catch a cold, that our boss will raise our salary, by nature and, that our holidays will be sunny and that we’ll see when we direct our efforts, little success in our personal and professional lives. 2009 can hamper us. had its bright moments, including sporting We persevere until achievements. Let’s look at those who surpassed we reach our goals. themselves: who ran the fastest, dove the Accordingly, 2009’s deepest, swam the hardest and jumped top rowing sportsmen were Belarusians, taking the highest gold at world championships: Yekaterina Karsten (rowing) and the crew of Roman Petrushenko and Vadim Makhnev (kayaking and canoeing). Everyone knows Karsten — she made a heady cocktail, spiced with is even called Yekaterina the Great. lazy September sun. For three days, This outstanding sportswoman’s list participants from 32 countries drank of records and titles is enough to this ‘cocktail’ deeply, alongside judges inspire admiration from us all; we bow and fans. The races were thrilling. down before her talent and diligence. Those who competed recollect those Petrushenko and Makhnev are also days with delight. Their oars dipped in highly honoured. Their success builds unison, creating an echo which rang on the traditions of the Belarusian far beyond the borders of Belarus. rowing school, which has regularly When asked how many ‘hotel’ stars produced Olympic champions. Even in Brest rowing canal is worth, the chief Soviet times, Belarus set the pace. coach of the Belarusian team, Vladimir During our early days of inde- Sinelshchikov, stresses, “Of course, five! pendence, focus was lost but we are It has everything. There are only two now back in force, with a wonderful canals of the same level in the world — rowing canal recently built in Brest; one in Beijing and another in Athens…” last September, it hosted the European Who wouldn’t be pleased to hear that? Rowing Championship. The water The canal is truly impressive. It is located frothed with thousands of oar strikes, almost in the city centre — only five as if it was boiling. All eyes were on the minutes’ drive from the main avenue athletes, whose ambitions and talent — yet its level is almost unsurpassed.

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Sport No wonder that new rowing, canoeing and kayaking talents are springing up like mushrooms after long summer rain. Belarus’ top coach, Vladimir Shantarovich, helped the national kayaking and canoeing team claim seven gold medals at the World Championship in 2009 in Canada. He asserts that his team is far from having exhausted its potential; even better results could lie ahead. One of our main hopes at the Olympic Games of 2012 in London is Denis Garazha, 21. Last year, he took gold in the European and world championships for his 500 metre canoe single scull. However, this discipline may be excluded from the Olympic programme, so he is trying other distances. “Denis is a hard-working, flexible athlete. We count on him and hope he’ll continue progressing. We’ll keep improving his results in the 1,000 metre single scull and will try him in a canoe double or other crews,” notes Mr. Shantarovich.

Sergey Rutenko

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As ever, Vladimir Samsonov, the master of ping pong, had a successful year. Victory in the World Cup is vivid proof. In the finals, Vladimir prevailed over Chinese Chen Qi 4:1 and, for the third time, claimed the honoured trophy (last possessed by him in 1999 and 2001). The Cup was created around three dozen years ago and is covered with precious metals; it will now stay in Minsk’s Museum of Olympic Glory for the next year. No European sportsman has ever won the European Cup three times; only Chinese Ma Lin has held the trophy more times than our Belarusian athlete. The past year was also remarkable for Belarus hosting the ITTF pro tour, at the gigantic Minsk-Arena. The hockey palace boasts 15,000 seats, a velodrome, a skating oval and many other halls and facilities. Meanwhile, Victoria Azarenko had a memorable year, becoming a true world tennis star. This dazzling young lady not only won her first tournaments but entered the top ten rankings for women’s tennis (7th place). American sports magazine ESPN also named her among the 15 sexiest athletes in the world! She took part in a photoshoot for American sports and fitness magazine SOBeFIT and was named among the most beautiful tennis

p l ay e r s i n t h e w o r l d b y F H M magazine. Dar ya Domracheva long ago became the face of winter sports in Belarus. She is charming, although a little absent-minded. The leading women’s biathlete made a sad mistake at a recent World Cup qualification mass start race; she suddenly began shooting at a rival target and only realised on her fourth cartridge. Sadly, this was her third such mishap in recent years. Of course, her fans love her as ever; she is so genuine, if slightly unlucky and absent-minded. Such girls always inspire affection… 2009 was an outstanding year for Melita Stanyuta. The great granddaughter of the famous Belarusian actress Stefania Stanyuta has become the prima of Belarusian gymnastics, taking over from Inna Zhukova on her retirement. At the tender age of 15, she came fourth at the World Championship in Japan in the allround, just behind recognised leaders Yevgenia Kanaeva, Darya Kondakova and Anna Bessonova. “I can’t remember when I first began gymnastics,” Melita admits. “I don’t recall making a deliberate choice. As a little girl, I attended the early development school — where I danced, drew, and played a fox in the children’s theatre…” Melita’s parents remember well how it began for their titled daughter. “We were on our way to catch the tram to the Palace of Youth, when she was three,” recalls her mother, Inga. “The gymnastics school was nearby and coach Svetlana Burdzevitskaya happened to notice us. She came out into

Sport the street and invited us to join the class…” It was fate… Ic e h o c k e y p l ay e r s M i k h a i l Grabovsky, Ruslan Saley, and Andrey and Sergey Kostitsyns have been playing well in the world’s best league — the NHL. In Belarus, ice hockey is the number one sport, so it’s no wonder that it’s developing rapidly. MinskArena has now opened, ready for Belarus to host the World Ice Hockey Championship in 2014. New ice palaces are springing up countrywide. In five years’ time, the teams of Canada, Russia, the USA, Sweden, Finland and the Czech Republic may face a serious competitor in our Belarusian team. Goals are already being set. Wrestling was also in the spotlight, with judo masters Sergey

Shundikov and Andrey Kazusenok reaching the top three in their weight. World championship silver medallist Sergey Shundikov (81kg) took second place, losing to Russian Ivan Nifontov in the World Championship finals. Meanwhile, Andrey Kazusenok (90kg) who led the World Championship qualification round, finished third, despite his unsuccessful performance. S erge y Ruten ko — t he most expensive handball player in the world — will also remember the past year. His transfer from Spanish Ciudad Real

to Barcelona cost the Catalonians a fortune. However, the Belarusian athlete immediately began earning his keep. Alexander Hleb — the most famous Belarusian football player — may view 2009 as a terrible dream. Despite victories in the Spanish championship and in the League of Champions (with Barcelona) he rarely made it onto the field. He was forced to move to German Stuttgart, where he began his successful career. Beijing Olympic champion weightlifter Andrey Aryamnov and his team partner Andrey Rybakov, as well as the Belarusian football team, had a disappointing year, as never before. Of course, we all know that life is a rollercoaster… W h a t will 2010 bring? We hope something good. We know we can endure difficulties and troubles, standing firmly to emerge victorious. Remember that fortune favours the brave. If it were not so, we would hardly be able to live our lives, let alone win medals at the Olympic Games… By Sergey Kanashits

Yekaterina Karsten

Aloizas Yunevich

Vladimir Samsonov

Darya Domracheva

2010 беларусь.belarus

Celebrities

An idol to emulate An Avenue of Olympic Glory was recently unveiled in Vitebsk, bearing plaques reminiscent of Olympic medals. Belarus’ National Olympic Committee tried to gather leading sportsmen from the past and present for the event

hadn’t realised that so many sporting celebrities were born or trained in Vitebsk region. The opening ceremony was attended by Romuald Klim, the Tokyo 1964 Games gold hammer thrower (from Minsk) and Moscow 1980 Games gold medallist basketballer Tatiana Ivinskaya-Beloshapko. Also taking part was silver medallist wrestler (Moscow Olympics) Igor Kanygin, who works at Vitebsk’s sports school. Meanwhile, Seoul 1988 Games gold medallist boxer Vyacheslav Yanovsky now trains Russian boxers. Among the twelve Olympic winners — whom I met at the opening ceremony — was gymnast Larisa Petrik. She was the person with whom I most wanted to

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speak. She won two gold medals and one bronze in Mexico in 1968. Larisa began her artistic gymnastic training as a schoolgirl, under Vikenty Dmitriev, from Vitebsk. After her triumph in Mexico, she met famous Russian gymnast Victor Klimenko and they married, moving to Moscow. This was Larisa’s first return trip to the city which made her a star in over a quarter of a century. In the early 1990s, jointly with her husband, she left for Germany — where she still resides. Larisa, how did you come to Germany? I spent much time trying to find myself after retiring from sport. In Moscow, I graduated from the Physical Culture Institute but did not dare begin coaching — due to lack of experience. Instead, I performed in a music-hall travelling to Bulgaria and worked as a journalist — commenting on gymnastics for the Soviet TV’s 1st Channel. In 1992, during the Olympics in Barcelona, my husband was asked to coach in Germany. We imagined only spending a few years there but enjoyed ourselves so much we never left. Was your coaching career abroad a success? We initially worked at a sports club in Wetzlar, my husband training young

female gymnasts. They studied acrobatics and I helped as a choreographer, preparing free exercises. I was also responsible for my favourite apparatus — the balance beam. We made a good team and, a year later, were asked to move to Niederwörresbach, to work at a wonderful, newly-built sports complex equipped with modern gymnastic equipment. It was a picturesque place, with a fine forest. I’m still fond of going mushrooming; it’s been my hobby since living in Belarus. I love to fry and pickle mushrooms and my family say I do it well. Have you raised any champions? Some of the girls have become junior champions in Germany. Interestingly, our younger son Vladimir (his family name is Klimenko) grew up in the gym, alongside us. Initially, no one paid attention to him as a sportsman. He even trained with another coach. However, eventually, he transformed into a true fan of gymnastics and my husband began coaching him. He was the only boy in our group. He’s now 24 and is a German champion. I follow his performances with great interest and attend all his competitions. I’m his talisman, bringing him luck. Do you follow Belarusian gymnastics and do you compare Soviet and Western European coaching schools?

news Culture Gymnastics is my passion, so I always follow it, including in Belarus. In my view, it’s a very complicated, difficult sport. Thank God, I avoided serious injury. It’s difficult to interest 56 year olds in sport, especially gymnastics. This is why I’m glad that Vitebsk now has its Avenue of Olympic Glory; it should inspire the new generation. They need a positive example and idols to look up to. I remember wanting to be like Larisa Latynina. Speaking of gymnastic schools, so much has changed over the years. I used to train at a Vitebsk gym, which was heated by coal and wood stoves in winter. However, so many wonderful gymnasts appeared at that time! You’d think that safe and happy Germany — where a gym costs just 5 euros a month — should see a sporting boom. However, this is not the case. Germans don’t like their children to bear serious physical burdens. This may be why women’s artistic gymnastics is not so popular in Germany — although the GDR once boasted a wonderful gymnastic school. You might also suppose that the sport would have flourished once Western and Eastern Germany were united but this has not happened. On the contrary, everything has crumbled — probably, due to finance cuts. However, men’s gymnastics is quite popular; Hambüchen is doing well on the team. We were good friends with his father, who was also working as a coach when we arrived in Germany. Gymnastics is a very important part of your life. What’s your role at home? How big is your family now? My husband, two sons and I now live in our own house in Idar-Oberstein — a small, cosy town near Frankfurtam-Maine, about 100km from France. Precious stones used to be mined here but the mines are now closed. The town is known for its skilful craftsmen, so it’s always full of tourists. It has a very beautiful church — a true sight to behold; it’s situated near our house, cut into rock. The nearest gym is 10km away, so we travel there by car. Our older son, Victor,

brought his wife to live with us two years ago (they are both ballet dancers). Now, they have a daughter, Anechka; I spend almost all my time with her. So you are retired and a housewife… You are absolutely right, though in Germany they say ‘house frau’ (or a host of the house). It sounds beautiful, doesn’t it? (smiling) Do you speak fluent German? At home, we speak Russian and watch Russian-language TV channels. Probably, this is why we initially had problems with spoken language. As regards gymnastic terms, they are international and sound similar in many languages. So we’ve no language barrier in our profession. What would you like to see first in Vitebsk and whom do you wish to meet? I’m grateful to Vitebsk residents for taking me on an excursion through the city. Vitebsk has changed so much, becoming modern and beautiful. Of course, I’d like to visit the gymnastic gym at my old sports school and chat with coach Vikenty Dmitriev — who unveiled a medal dedicated to me on the Avenue of Olympic Glory. We chat on the phone from time to time and he tells me a great deal. Such conversations lack intimacy of course. It’s a pity I have so little time in Vitebsk — just two days. by Sergey Golesnik

Reference  Larisa Petrik was born on

August 28th, 1949, in the city of Dolinsk in the Sakhalin region. She lived in Vitebsk and was an artistic gymnast from 1955 to 1969. At the 19th Olympics in Mexico, in 1968, Larisa took gold in the team competition and in the free exercises and won bronze for her balance beam performance. She was the 1970 world champion and was the absolute Soviet champion of 1964.

Debuting on Moldovan stage Belarusian theatres participate in international festival in Chisinau

ogilev Regional Drama Theatre and Mogilev Regional Drama and Comedy Theatre have taken part in the First International Festival of Chamber Theatres and Performances of Variety Forms MoldFest.Rampa.Ru. The event encourages training, mutual enrichment and the exchange of ideas regarding stage direction, acting skills and theatre set design. Directors, playwrights, theatrical critics and actors all benefit. Mogilev Regional Drama Theatre premiered Extraterrestrial Creature while Mogilev Regional Drama and Comedy Theatre performed I Want To Be A Hamster… or Salute to Besson. The festival brought together theatrical troupes and art figures from Russia, Ukraine, Belarus, Georgia, Lithuania, Israel, Germany, Bulgaria and France.

Wonderwork of the conductor’s baton Belarusian Alexander Khumala takes first place at International Contest of Choirmasters in Riga

he three-stage event — organised by Latvian Jazepa Vitola Musical Ac a d e my ’s C h or a l C on du c t i ng Department — gathered young choirmasters from Belarus, Russia, Latvia, Israel, the Czech Republic and South Korea. The first round featured Riga’s chamber choir, Ave Sol. The second saw the Latvian Musical Academy’s mixed choir, while the third presented the state academic choir Latvija. An international jury of experts from Belgium, Sweden, Latvia, Georgia and Poland judged the participants. According to the organisers, the competition reflected the logical development of century old choral singing traditions in the Baltic States.

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News

In terms of folklore UNICEF’s Belarusian Folktales for Children highlights children’s rights

Style and stylistics Belarusian masters taking part in European hairdressing championship

elarus’ best hairdressers are representing the c ou nt r y at t he ne x t round of the European c h a mp i o n s h i p, h e l d in late winter in Moscow. “Major competitions have been organised among hairdressers for over 50 years already. We began to participate in them 10 years ago and have already won awards at Eastern European and world championships, as well as those in Seoul and Athens. We have a good chance of victory in Moscow,” believes

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the Director of the Association of Hairdressers and Cosmetologists, Konstantin Voitekhovsky. The national team includes the winners of last year’s national hairdressing championship, Style and Beauty, alongside those of other professional contests. Many wish to go to the European event but only the best are representing the republic. The event in Moscow is another round before the world championship, to be held in September 2010 in Paris. By Yelena Demeshkevich

Reuters

ncient Belarusian folk fairytales from around the country have been collected by Oleg Khomenko — a musician and soloist of Palats band. Each tale is designed to entertain and educate. Artist Yulia Ruditskaya has provided illustrations, with the stories placed on the UNICEF website — http://www.unicef. by/. Psychologists are also placing advice alongside. Representatives from the United Nations Children’s Fund in Belarus — which has initiated the project — are using the fables to promote children’s rights. The illustrated Convention on the Rights of the Child, which celebrates its 20th anniversary this year, is also available on the site. “It’s becoming more difficult for parents to pay their children necessary attention; they need to find time to chat. Our site of Belarusian fairytales is a gift, encouraging families to spend time talking in an exciting and diverse way,” notes a UNICEF representative in Belarus, Yuri Oksamitny. “Children’s rights are reflected in the project: to have a loving family, access to good quality education, diverse development and freedom of expression.” The Convention on the Rights of the Child is also called The Great Charter for Children. This international document outlines children’s rights to education, to cultural benefits, to leisure and recreation, and to other services provided by UN member countries. So far, 193 states have signed this document, have ratified it or have joined it.