Responsible LNG Storage Technology
Preload and BergerABAM have project experience in over 30 countries around the world, giving us broad experience in worldwide procurement procedures, import/export regulations, foreign exchange/practice, and labor and market conditions.
About Us Preload Cryogenics
BergerABAM
Preload is one of the largest prestressed concrete tank designers/constructors in the United States and is based in Boston, Massachusetts, where it is affiliated with the Jay Cashman (JCI) group of companies. Preload has designed and constructed more than 3,600 prestressed concrete tanks worldwide in its 85-year history. Preload has successfully designed, constructed, and stored liquefied natural gas (LNG) and other cryogenic liquids (i.e. LOX, LPG, etc.) in single-, double-, and full-containment precast, prestressed concrete tanks (and membrane tanks), many of which are still in service today. Preload first developed the technology/methodology and is the only company to have successfully designed and constructed prestressed concrete tanks for use as primary containment (i.e., LNG, LPG, etc. in direct contact with the prestressed concrete). Founded in 1951, BergerABAM gained worldwide recognition for pioneering work in prestressed concrete design. In 1988, BergerABAM formed an affiliation with the Berger Group Holdings, Inc. (BGH) affiliated companies, establishing one of the largest consulting groups in the world. As a member of BGH, BergerABAM became part of a global team of resources located throughout the United States and over 50 foreign countries. Preload and BergerABAM formed an alliance for the commercialization of all-concrete cryogenic storage tanks in 2014 and, since then, have successfully collaborated on several commercialization initiatives and design and construction projects. This alliance can offer services that range from engineering design and/or studies to full engineering, procurement, and construction (EPC) and can provide a onesource response for your cryogenic storage needs. Conceptual studies and analyses • Research and development • Environmental studies and permitting support • Design and engineering • EPC • Testing and commissioning
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Why Choose C T? A Robust, Full-Containment Storage Solution for Refrigerated Gases The composite concrete cryogenic tank (C3T) provides full-containment storage for refrigerated and cryogenic liquids, such as LNG, LOX, LPG, ethylene, ammonia, etc..
Robust Concrete Walls Provide Price Stability over Conventional Nickel Tanks The C3T is constructed of prefabricated wall modules that are integrated to build strong liquid and gas-tight monolithic primary and secondary containment walls. The walls are designed to maximize the use of conventional construction materials, such as concrete, post-tensioning strand/wire, and carbon steel, to minimize the use of the costly and volatile 9 percent nickel steel (9% Ni).
Modular Construction to Reduce On-Site Construction Cost and Risk The modular construction of the C3T utilizes wall elements that are prefabricated off site, significantly reducing on-site labor and increasing the quality of the wall construction. Modular construction also reduces the on-site construction schedule, reduces the environmental impact during construction, enhances construction safety, and opens construction to a wider labor market.
Proven Concrete Technology for Safe and Reliable LNG Storage All-precast concrete tanks for the storage of LNG were designed and constructed by Preload dating back to the 1960s, and several tanks have been in continuous service for more than 40 years, demonstrating the durability and longevity of such tanks. The C3T design takes advantage of the experience from concrete LNG tanks built before 1980 that are still in service today. Furthermore, the design follows the newest applicable codes by American Concrete Institute (ACI) and American Petroleum Institute to meet National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) 59A.
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Over the past 10 years, under the leadership of BergerABAM, a joint-industry project with partners from major energy companies and contractors further developed the all-precast concrete tank technology to be fully compliant with modern codes and applicable for a wide range of storage volumes from 10,000 to 300,000 cubic meters. The tank design was subjected to a rigorous technology qualification program and received a “Technology Certificate” from GL-DNV. All-precast concrete tanks are a proven technology for safe and reliable LNG storage.
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Clear Pathway through Regulatory Filing and Review The Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC) and the Pipeline and Hazardous Material Safety Administration (PHMSA) are familiar with the C3T design and together, Preload and BergerABAM established a clear pathway to get a tank through regulatory filing without delay. Following a threemonth review of a typical tank design and a code comparison study, PHMSA issued a letter stating that it “…has no objection to the use of precast all-concrete storage tanks, provided that they are designed, fabricated, and constructed according to the ACI 376 standard.”
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Two 143,000-m3 full-containment LNG tanks for Distrigas in Staten Island, New York. Successfully hydrotested; never placed in service.
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Two 95,000-m3 double-containment LNG tanks for Philadelphia Gas Works built in 1974 and still in service today.
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An 80,000-m3 LNG tank for ENAGAS in Barcelona, Spain, and still in service today.
Precast, Prestressed Concrete Tank Installations for Cryogenic Liquid Storage: Location
Year Built
Original Owner
Nantes, France
1965
Gas de France
Barcelona, Spain
1968
Esso Research (ENAGAS)
South Yarmouth, MA, USA
1973
Buzzard’s Bay Gas Co.
Philadelphia, PA, USA
1974
Staten Island, NY, USA
Size m3
Product
Storage Type
2,000
LNG
MEMBRANE
2 x 40,000
LNG
SINGLE
8,700
LNG
MEMBRANE
Philadelphia Gas Works
2 x 94,000
LNG
DOUBLE
1974
Distrigas
2 x 143,000
LNG
FULL
Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
1975
Greater Winnipeg Gas
40,000
LPG
SINGLE
Cumberland, RI, USA
1975
Valley Gas Co.
4,000
LNG
MEMBRANE
Barcelona, Spain
1980
ENAGAS
80,000
LNG
FULL
How Does It Work? Efficient High-Performance with Sliding Concrete Walls and Integrated Liner The C3T walls are constructed of prestressed concrete panels that are vertically prestressed and circumferentially wrapped with prestress wires encased in shotcrete. A non-structural carbon steel liner, whose sole function is to provide a liquid and vapor barrier, lies between precast, prestressed panels and shotcrete layer. The liner is under biaxial compression and not in direct contact with the LNG, which makes it less susceptible to thermal shock.
Wall/Slab Connection Detail
Robust Concrete Roof Dome
The robust concrete wall of the primary containment tank can take out-of-plane bending loads and is not susceptible to buckling, such as elephant-foot buckling, that steel inner tanks face. Once the wall panels are fully integrated by wire wrapping, the concrete wall can sustain the full wind load without bracing. No resilient blanket is needed to protect the concrete wall from buckling under the pressure of the settling perlite insulation in the annular space.
The precast wall connects to the roof via a castin-place ring beam. The roof consists of a robust concrete dome with a carbon steel liner and a suspended ceiling for the roof insulation. Roof detailing is similar to conventional tanks.
The bottom of the walls can move radially and, thus, avoid building up constraining forces at the wall/foundation joint. This is in contrast to conventional cast-in-place secondary tank walls that are monolithically connected with the base slab and need to be designed for large constraining loads during a spill. As a result, conventional monolithic wall connections need a thermal corner protection (TCP) to control cracking in this area. A precast concrete wall with sliding support does not need a thermal corner protection. Resistance to circumferential shear and wall uplift is provided by a combination of shear lugs and restraining cables that allow the wall to slide radially but constrain it in vertical and circumferential direction. The shotcrete layer on the tank exterior provides a durable concrete surface. The outer shotcrete layer may be reinforced with fibers or provided with an additional insulation layer to improve the wall’s resistance to external fire and missile impact.
Established Technologies for Insulation and Mechanical Equipment The insulation, equipment support structures, and mechanical equipment are the same as for a conventional 9% Ni tank with a long track record of reliable performance. Tank commissioning, such as hydrostatic testing, pressure and vacuum testing, purging and drying, and cooldown, follows well-defined procedures similar to conventional 9% Ni tanks.
Contacts Eric Reaman
Markus Wernli
Vice President - Operations
Senior Project Manager
Preload Cryogenics 549 South Street Quincy, MA 02169 781/738-0653 ereaman@preloadinternational.com
BergerABAM 33301 Ninth Avenue South, Suite 300 Federal Way, WA 98003 206/431-2262 markus.wernli@abam.com
Preload Cryogenics
BergerABAM
Boston, Massachusetts Long Island, New York Amsterdam, Netherlands
Federal Way, Washington Seattle, Washington Vancouver, Washington Portland, Oregon San Diego, California Las Vegas, Nevada Houston, Texas
Offices
www.preloadinternational.com www.abam.com