Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela Ministry of Popular Power for Education IUP “Santiago Mariño” Extention Merida
Teacher. Aracelis Torres
Student: Betania Leon ID 21.184.479
Merida, 22-de enero del 2014
Introduction The plant kingdom Plantae belong or about 275,000 different species of plants that scientists classified into four groups: bryophytes, pteridophytes, gymnosperms and angiosperms. Bryophytes are nonvascular plants, the remaining three groups are formed all vascular plants or cormofitas.
Vascular plants Ormofitas plants are also known and are plants containing real roots, stem and leaves. The root, and hold the plant, soil nutrients sucked or serving food reserve. The stem can separate the leaves, flowers and fruits of the soil, allowing further growth of these plants relative to bryophytes. Vascular plants have a conducting vessels (vascular system), along which the water, nutrients, or the different minerals within the plant. There are two types of conducting vessels: Xylem and phloem.
Xylem: Conducts water and nutrients from the roots to the rest of the plant. Phloem: Drive synthesized nutrients from the leaves to the rest of the plant.
VASCULAR PLANTS NOT SEEDS (PTERIDOPHYTES)
Ferns are an example of vascular plants that produce seeds. They are called pteridophytes. From the evolutionary point of view, are very simple plants, because they have complex reproductive structures that can generate seeds. Ferns can be found in wetlands, forests, open fields, hillsides, on trees, buildings and houses. High humidity is essential to them because they need their reproductive systems. The leaves of ferns are called fronds. They facilitate the identification of the different types of ferns. There are ferns with underground stems, which means that growth occurs underground. In contrast, tree ferns have aerial stems. The growth of the aerial stems occurs above ground.
VASCULAR PLANTS SEEDS (espermatofitas)
Many of the vascular plants produce seeds. When the seeds fall on the ground and the conditions are favorable, they germinate and form new plants of the same species. Seed plants are adapted to survive in different environments. In very dry areas, the seeds have the ability to lie dormant until it rains to germinate. In very humid environments, has mechanisms to prevent seed rot before germinating. The seeds have different ways of dispersing. To ensure dispersion, some use wind, water and some others do by animals. Scientists seed plants grouped into two groups: gymnosperms and angiosperms. This division facilitates the study, identification and classification of plants: gymnosperms and angiosperms.
Open receptacle formed seed ( Gymnosperms ) Distinguished because they produce no seed develops inside a closed fruit . Seed from these plants are developed on a scale that is part of a cone . These seeds are dispersed with the help of the wind when ripe cones open their scales. The best known group of gymnosperms is the conifers (pines , cedars , firs, ... ) . Its seeds can have numerous cotyledons.
Seed formed in closed container ( Angiosperms ) Angiosperms produce seeds protected enclosed within fruits . The protection offered to the egg flower , fruit and seed increases the chances that the plant reproduce more successfully. So angiosperms are a more diverse group than gymnosperms . There is great diversity of angiosperms , each showing different ways in the roots, stems, leaves, flowers and fruits. There are two types of flowering plants : monocots and dicots . They are distinguished by the way the food in the seed embryo is organized. The feed of a monocot is integral ( one cotyledon ) . In a dicot plant food form two parts ( two cotyledons ) .
Anexos Angiosperm plants
Fig. 1 flower of angiosperms
The Plants: “Kings and Queens” of the World of Green Angiosperms: Vascular. Fig. 2 The pea and its pod: An example of cross-pollination.
Fig.3 all plants