CASE STUDY OF AN UNREGULATED CAMP
JAL AL BAHAR SUR, LEBANON
Population: Approximately 2500 people Established: 1948 Jal Al Bahar is an illegal Palestinian refugee camp, referred to as a Gathering. There are no services officially provided to them though some philanthropic organisations assist. It is battered by the seas every winter with many houses detroyed but the Lebanese govenment have enforced a “no cement” rule for it’s development. Locals refer to the beach as the widow maker. There are no schools or heath centres within the camp, only a small number of home run stores providing basics. Children must walk along the road with no pavement in order to reach the school in nearby El Buss camp.
JAL AL BAHAR IN CONTEXT
JAL AL BAHAR This settlement is an illegal camp, it is refered to as a Palestinian gathering. The inhabitants are not provided with services by the UNRWA but have a few extra freedoms. CITY OF CAMPS This area of Lebanon has a high number of Palestinian Refugee camps. They make up just under half of the city of Sour
JAL AL BAHAR
EL BUSS
BORJ EL SHEMALI
SYRIA
ISRAEL RASHIDIAH
LEBANON
SOUR
PRIMARY AND SECONDARY The land use south of Lebanon has higher numbers of argriculture and industry practices as opposed to tertiary sector services like Beirut.
DOUBLE BARRIERS Borj el Shemali has maintained the orginal boundary walls. There is a Lebanese military checkpoint to enter it. In addition the Palestinians maintain their own checkpoint approximately 100m after. Lebanese military is not legally allowed to enter the camp without permission.
DOUBLE DANGER With new development the road that runs along the camp periphery has been upgraded and become very busy. This combined with the ocean at it’s other edge has created a dangerous environment, especially for the children.
JAL AL BAHAR
CLEARED FOR DEVELOPMENT The adjoining site has been cleared for tourism development. With this new incentive pressure is being placed on the camp inhabitants to relocate.
TYRE
JAL AL BAHAR SURROUNDING OCCUPATION JAL AL BARED Palestinian Gathering Illegal refugee camp
-JAL AL BARED -RESIDENTIAL -INDUSTRIAL -DISTRIBUTION -TOURISM -OFFICES -RETAIL
TOURISM The beach location is attracting tourism investment. This is becoming a major threat to the camp inhabitants
-MIXED USE RETAIL/RESIDENTIAL -HEALTHCARE -EDUCATION -RECREATION
EDUCATION The nearby university is unavailable to camp residents
RECREATION There is minimal recreation areas as the majority have been cleared for development
HEALTHCARE The nearby unavailable residents
hospital is to camp
OFFICES There are a large number of workplaces nearby, however of the camp residents interviewed all worked elsewhere in manual labour jobs or survived on donations from charitible bodies
INDUSTRY There is a strong presence of industry in the area. This was previously a periphery of the city Sour. However now urban sprawl is taking place and a higher number of service industry can be seen.
RESIDENTS There is a clear divide within the local residents themselves as well as with the refugee camp. There is a ‘slum� nearby which does not differ greatly in construction from the camp itself. However it is the political situation in Lebanon that restricts the Palestinian refugees
MIXED USE There are a large number of mixed use buildings, the majority of which are retail/residential. Shops at ground level with housing above
EL BUSS REFUGEE CAMP
DISTRIBUTION There are a large number of distribution sites in the area visibly serving the industry.
RETAIL There are very few buildings that are exclusively retail. Most serve the local residents and industrial areas and are locally owned and run.
JAL AL BAHAR NORTH WEST ELEVATION
SKYLINE The surrounding buildings contrast greatly with the restricted single storey camp. The vast difference in scale is unsettling.
JAL AL BARED Onslaught of Tourism Development
-JAL AL BARED -RESIDENTIAL -INDUSTRIAL -DISTRIBUTION -TOURISM -OFFICES -RETAIL -MIXED USE RETAIL/RESIDENTIAL -HEALTHCARE -EDUCATION -RECREATION
SCALE 1:1000
SIDON CAMP CONNECTIVITY TRAVELLING POPULATIONS SCHOOL CHILDREN TRAVEL FROM JAL AL BAHAR TO EL BUSS CAMP FOR SCHOOL MANY PALESTINIANS TRAVEL TO BORJ EL SHEMALI TO SHOP & WORK RELATIVES ARE SCATTERED -MULTIPLE CONNECTIVITY DANGER POINTS IDENTIFIED DANGER POINT
ROUTES CURRENTLY WALKED
KM X1 PRO AP
AP
PR
OX
2.8
KM
JAL AL BAHAR
BORJ EL SHEMALI
APPR
OX 2
.6KM
EL BUSS
N SCALE 1:1000
ARMOURED WALL The residents of Jal Al Bahar build walls along the sea facing side of the camp in an attempt to protect their homes.
Mouhamad Saleh Kassem
Saada Moustafa Oubied
MOUHAMAD SALEH KASSEM FAMILY This family have been residents of the illegal Palestinian gathering for 20 years. Previously they have lived in Borj El Shemali and Ein Al Hilweh. Whilst there are no services available in the illegal settlement they didn’t have any major requests for changes as most can be provided in the nearby camps. Requests: Better flooring throughout camp
Bilal Kassem
Ali Kassem
LOOMING TOURISTS Here can been seen the initial hotels built for the development of the area. The contrast in scale is striking with the camp inhabitants who by law are not allowed to add a second storey
MIXED CONSTRUCTION Due to the prohibition of cement, the dwellings in Jal Al Bahar are mixed with no one materiality. This leads to instability, especially when faced with the sea conditions.
ABDULLAH
Abdullah Mohammad Abu Malouh
Aya Abu Malouh
Siham Ahmad Krayem
Tala Malouh
Hala Abu Malouh
MOHAMMAD
ABU
MALOUH FAMILY This family moved to Jal Al Bahr 7 years ago from Ein Al Hilweh for the safety of their children as it is a more politically stable area. The sold theor house and bought this one. The ‘camps’ are ‘owned’ and hence rented out and sold by the residents. They expressed a contentedness in this location. The road has recently been upgraded to serve the newly arriving tourism developments. They have safety concerns for their children as they are sandwiched between the sea and and road. Requests: Safe recreational spaces for children
BORJ EL SHEMALI HUSEIN TAHA DAHWICH FAMILY This family has been hit by Thalasemia, a disease that dibilitates and kills. This couple have lost five children to the condition already and unfortunately 7 year old Maria also has the condition. She undergoes physical therapy to relieve pain. The father is willing but unable to find employment to pay for further treatment. Requests: Specialist treatment facilities, greater job opportunities
Ibtisan Dahwich
Husein Taha Dahwich
Sohil Taha Dahwich
Jomana Al Hussin
Hasan Sohil Dahwich
Aya Sohil Dahwich
Maria Dahwich
SOHIL TAHA DAHWICH FAMILY The father of this family had an accident whilst at work which had paralysed him from the waist down. There are 9 family members living in this four room property and he is cared for by them. There was a strong importance put on the children’s schooling Requests: Safer play spaces children within camp boundary
for
Ghaida Mohd Umar
Ahmad Kamel Kamis (16yrs)
Mohd Kamel Kamis (14yrs)
Mahm Kamel Kamis(11yrs)
Nowr Kamel Kamis (9yrs)
GHAIDA MOHD UMAR FAMILY This Syrian woman moved to Lebanon with her Palestinian husband. She lives on the roof of her husbands family home in a mainly corrugated steel shelter as the Lebanese Government have placed a ban on constrction materials entering the camp to halt any further residences being built. Her husband passed away 5 years ago, she now cares for her 4 children. One has now been diagnosed with leukemia. She must go to charitible bodies like UNRWA to get the funds to pay for his treatment and the two hour weekly journey to Beirut. Her in-law’s are unable to assist. Requests: Specialist treatment facilities
Family Interviews
CASE STUDY OF UN POLICY IN ACTION
AL ZAATARI SYRIAN REFUGEES IN JORDAN
TOTAL PERSONS OF CONCERN
MALE (50.1% 9.9% 11.5% 7.3% 20.2% 1.2%
AGE 0-4 5-11 12-17 18-59 60+
83,827
FEMALE (49.9%) 9.2% 11% 6.9% 21.3% 1.6%
DECEMBER 2012 FIRST OPENED - JULY 28, 2012 DECEMBER 2012
JANUARY 2014
UNHCR TENTS
DISTRIBUTION SITES
TRANSITION SHELTERS
GENERAL INFRASTUCTURE AUGUST 2014
SHOPS AND BUSINESSES OWNED BY REFUGEES MARCH 2014
TENT DENSITY MARCH 2014
TENT DENSITY PER HECTARE
WATER FACILITIES
COMMON SPACE
SUPERMARKET OR MINIMARKET
HEALTH
SCHOOL
GROCERY SHOP
0 - 20
REGISTRATION
KINDERGARTEN
CLOTHES SHOP
20.1 - 40
SECURITY
YOUTH CENTER
OTHER TYPE OF SHOP
40.1 - 60
DISTRIBUTION POINT
CHILD FRIENDLY SPACE
BAKERY
60.1 - 80
WAREHOUSE
PLAYGROUND
BUTCHER
80.1 - 100
NGO OFFICE
RECREATION
RESTAURANT
101 - 120
DISTRICT COMPOUND
MOSQUE
OTHER BUSINESSES
121 - 140
COMMUNITY OFFICE
VACANT
BUSINESS AND HOME
COMMUNITY CENTER
UNDER CONSTRUCTION
HOME
SHELTER ALLOCATION PER HOUSEHOLD MARCH 2014
FAMILY DENSITY MARCH 2014
SHELTER TYPE
FAMILY DENSITY PER HECTARE
CARAVAN AND TENT
0 - 20
CARAVAN
20.1 - 40
TENT
40.1 - 60 60.1 - 80 80.1 - 100 101 - 120 121 - 140
INFORMATION COURTESY OF UNHCR DATABASE
NOVEMBER 2012 NUMBER OF SHELTERS: 5,163
JANUARY 2013 NUMBER OF SHELTERS: 11,966
FEBRUARY 2013 NUMBER OF SHELTERS: 18,169
MARCH 2013 NUMBER OF SHELTERS: 26,242
APRIL 2013 NUMBER OF SHELTERS: 25,378
MAY 2013 NUMBER OF SHELTERS: 28,243
JANUARY 2014 NUMBER OF SHELTERS: 28,093
INFORMATION COURTESY OF UNHCR DATABASE
AL ZAATARI SYRIAN REFUGEE CAMP, JORDAN
BURNING MAN FESTIVAL, NEVADA, USA
“HIGH STREET” AL ZAATARI SYRIAN REFUGEE CAMP, JORDAN