REFUGEE FRAMEWORKS
A STUDY OF UNHCR STANDARDS IN CAMP DESIGN
AXO OF NEEDS UN STANDARDS STATE: 45 sq/m per household CONTAINING: Water storage External household cooking area Sanitation Recreational facilities Storage Educational facilities Limited kitchen gardens Administration Distribution area Markets Firebreaks Roads & footpaths
10,000 people - ONE DISTRIBUTION SITE
20,000 people - ONE MARKET
x5 80 to 100 people - TWO REFUSE DRUMS
x200
x10
5,000 people - ONE SCHOOL
20,000 people - ONE HEALTH CENTRE
80 to 100 people - ONE WATER TAP
x20
20,000 people - ONE HOSPITAL
6 to10 people - ONE LATRINE
UN Requirements- HANDY GUIDE
x20
CAMP STAFFING FOR 10-20,000 POPULATION
10-20 x community health workers
1 x Public House Nurse
1-3 x Doctor/Medical AssistantS
1 x Laboratory Technician
6-10 x Traditional Birth Attendants
3-4 x Clinic Nurses/Midwives
1 x Pharmacy Attendant
10 x Dressers/Assistants
2-4 x Sanitarians
20 x Sanitation Assisants
UNHCR MASTERPLANNING
1 TENT PER FAMILY
16 TENTS PER CAMP COMMUNITY
16 CAMP COMMUNITITIES PER CAMP BLOCK
UNHCR HANDBOOK MASTERPLAN -Hierarchal order -Hygiene and order planning approach -latrines -feeding centers -distribution points -health centers etc and refuse drums, every camp block a central place with water taps and every camp sector has a school. -Small paths and non-motorised lanes separate communities and blocks, -Roads for motorised
4 CAMP BLOCKS PER CAMP SECTOR
4 CAMP SECTORS EQUALS 1 “IDEAL” CAMP 20,000 PEOPLE
UNHCR EMERGENCY TENT
ELEVATION - SCALE 1: 100
DOUBLE ENTRANCE
SECTION - SCALE 1: 50
1 FAMILY TENT 4-6 PEOPLE 23M2 TOTAL FLOOR AREA
ELEVATION - SCALE 1: 100
PLAN - SCALE 1: 50
FAMILY SHELTER REQUIREMENTS: ‘APPROPRIATE SHELTER FROM WIND, RAIN, FREEZING TEMPERATURES, DIRECT SUNLIGHT’ UNHCR HANDY GUIDE
3.5M2 VESTIBULE
16M2 MAIN FLOOR AREA
3.5M2 VESTIBULE
AXO - SCALE 1: 100
INTERIOR AXO - SCALE 1: 50
UNHCR EMERGENCY TENT POSITIVES
LL
A W S E D VI O PR R
TE EL SH M O FR D
IN W
DOUBLE ENTRANCE PROVIDES VENTILATION
VESTIBULES ACT AS BUFFER TO CAMP
F
O
RO PR ES
D
VI
O
COMMUNAL FAMILY SPACE
R
TE EL
SH M
O
FR IN
RA D
N
A D IR HT
LIG
UN TS
EC AXO - SCALE 1: 50
MINIMAL SET UP TIME -
APPROX 2 HOURS
MINIMAL STORAGE AND TRANSPORT SPACE
1 GROUND SHEET 2 EXTERNAL WALLS 2 INTERNAL WALLS 1 ROOF COVERING 17 TENT POLES 8 GUY ROPES 8 PEGS APPROX 1M3 PACKAGED
ALSO SUPPLIED
FAMILY WINTERISATION KITS MATRESSES X5 BLANKETS X5
COOKING EQUIPMENT 2 LARGE COOKING POT EATING UTENSILS
HYGIENE SUPPLIES SOAP X3 TOOTHBRUSH X5 TOOTHPASTE
FOOD SUPPLIES PER PERSON/DAY 2,100 KCAL APPROX 300-400G OF CEREALS 20-40G OF ENERGY RICH FOOD (OIL FAT) 50G OF PRETEIN RICH FOOD (LEGUMES)
UNHCR EMERGENCY TENT NEGATIVES
DOUBLE ENTRANCE SECURITY RISK
RK A IS D TH E TH OID IN V S A W O O T D Y A RL SH EA G HT IN G SS LI A H RR UIS BA NG I EM XT ST E A S C EE LL G A FU W RE IN Y TH AN M
IN COLD CLIMATES THIS VENTILATION COULD BECOME AN ISSUE
COMMUNAL SPACE FOR LIVING AND SLEEPING MINIMAL TO NO INDIVIDUALPRIVACY
AXO - SCALE 1: 50
1400MM HEIGHT - CONSTANT BENDING - LONG TERM HEALTH ISSUES
ADDITIONAL ISSUES ELEVATION - SCALE 1: 50
6 MONTH LIFESPAN
PROTRACTED SITUATIONS NOT CATERED FOR
NON-REUSABLE
CAN NOT BE REUSED AFTER A SHORT TERM SITUATION IS NOT TRANSFERABLE TO A TRANSITION SHELTER
PRIVACY
3.5SQM PER PERSON REQUIRED NOT EASILY ATTAINABLE
INFRASTUCTURE
IS NOT EASILY SUPPLIED WITH UTILITIES REQUIRED IN PROTRACTED SITUATIONS IE. WATER & ELECTRICITY
ALIGNMENT OF ALL DOORS MEANS VENTILATION OR PRIVACY NOT BOTH
UNHCR EMERGENCY TENT PROPOSITIONS
SAME GENERAL HEIGHTS GREATER PROPORTION OF TENT AT COMFORTABLE STANDING HEIGHT
ELEVATION - SCALE 1: 50 DOUBLE ENTRANCE PROVIDES VENTILATION WITHOUT OVERLOOKING OF INTERIOR
PLAN - SCALE 1: 50
COMMUNAL FAMILY SPACE OUT OF SIGHT OF CAMP
SUBSTANTIAL FRAMEWORK
FRAMEWORK PARTITIONS
LIFESPAN
PRIVACY
REUSABLE
FLEXIBILITY
PROTRACTED SITUATIONS CATERED FOR
FRAME CAN BE REUSED AFTER A SHORT TERM SITUATION IS IS TRANSFERABLE TO A TRANSITION SHELTER - CLADDING WITH A MORE SUBSTANTIAL MATERIAL
AXO - SCALE 1: 50
3.5SQM PER PERSON REQUIRED ATTAINABLE
SPACE CAN BE DIVIDED/OPEN AS NECESSARY EASILY CHANGED THROUGHOUT DAY
UNHCR EMERGENCY TENT PROPOSITIONS
1 CAMP COMMUNITY PLAN - SCALE 1: 250 LATRINES PLACED NOT FURTHER THAN 50M TO USERS
LATRINES PLACED NOT NEARER THAN 6M TO USERS
MINIMUM 1.5 M BETWEEN TENT GUY ROPES
1 TENT 18M2
25% OF SITE ROADS AND WALKWAYS
HANDWASHING FACILITY
6 LATRINES PER COMMUNITY-1.5MX 3M X 1.5M DEEP
FIREBREAKS - 50M FOR EVERY 300M BUILT UP
2x 100L BINS
APPROXIMATELY 4-6 PEOPLE PER TENT POPULATION 80 PEOPLE
1 CAMP BLOCK PLAN - SCALE 1: 1000
CAMP COMMUNITY
1 WHEELBARROW PER 500 CAMP BLOCK POPULATION 1250
FIREBREAKS - 50M FOR EVERY 300M BUILT UP
FIREBREAKS - 50M FOR EVERY 300M BUILT UP
REFUSE PIT 2Mx5Mx2M PER 500
1 CAMP SECTOR PLAN - SCALE 1: 2000 1 SCHOOL PER 5000 APPROX 2000 CHILDREN MAX 40 PER CLASS AM/PM SESSIONS 25 CLASSROOMS 64M2 EACH + ADMIN, CATERING
CAMP COMMUNITY
2400M2 TOTAL
1 DISTRIBUTION SITE PER 5000 HOUSES FOOD SUPPLIES FOR 5000 FOR 1 MONTH STACKED 3M HIGH 250M2 TOTAL
FIREBREAKS - 50M FOR EVERY 300M BUILT UP
FIREBREAKS - 50M FOR EVERY 300M BUILT UP
CAMP BLOCK
FIREBREAKS - 50M FOR EVERY 300M BUILT UP
CAMP SECTOR POPULATION 5000
1 CAMP PLAN - SCALE 1: 4000
1 HEALTH CENTRE PER 20,000 CAMP COMMUNITY APPROX 3600M2 TOTAL SITUATION DEPENDANT
CAMP BLOCK
1 MARKET PER 20,000
1000M2 TOTAL
FIREBREAKS - 50M FOR EVERY 300M BUILT UP
CAMP SECTOR
CAMP POPULATION 20,000
CAMP SCREENING SHELTER PROPOSITION
1 HEALTH CENTRE PER 20,000 CAMP COMMUNITY APPROX 3600M2 TOTAL SITUATION DEPENDANT
CREATION OF A CENTAL FOCAL POINT FOR EACH SECTOR
CAMP BLOCK
1 MARKET PER 20,000
1000M2 TOTAL
FIREBREAKS - 50M FOR EVERY 300M BUILT UP
CAMP SECTOR
CAMP POPULATION 20,000
1 CAMP PLAN - SCALE 1: 4000
CONNECTION AT BLOCK SCALE
SCREENING NEEDS TO BE MET ON ARRIVAL HEALTH SCREENING - MAINLY CHILDREN
-MUAC -MEASLES -VIT A (WITH MEASLES) CURATIVE CARE AS REQUIRED
PROPOSITION:
COMBINATION SCREENING RECEPTION/ REFUGEE MANAGED PUBLIC BASE NOTES: IMMEDIATE RESPONSE OF SOLID STRUCTURE FOR IMPRESSION OF STABILITY
VUNERABLE PERSONS
-CHILDREN UP TO 5 -PREGNANT/LACTATING WOMEN -HANDICAPPED -FEMALE HEADS OF HOUSEHOLDS -SINGLE WOMEN -UNACCOMPANIED MINORS
DEMOGRAPHIC ASSESSMENT -SEX -AGE
ESSENTIAL RULES FOR DESIGN STABILITY AND SOLIDITY IN STRUCTURE SUBSTANTIAL SHADED EXTERIOR HEIGHT VARIATION TO CAMP (VISABLITITY) FLEXIBILITY IN INTERIOR QUICK ASSEMBLY TIME (MAX 1 DAY) NATURAL LIGHT
REFUGEES IN CRISIS ARE LIKELY TO RETURN TO FIRST POINT OF CONTACT IN CAMP, IE.RECEPTION POINT NATURAL MEETING PLACE CONNECTION AT BLOCK AND SECTOR SCALE RECEPTION NOT PROCESSING PROTECTION POINT FOR VUNERABLE PERSONS