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PROJECTS August 14, 2013

GARDEN ENTRY A. Blount Plaza B. Architectural Changes CONSERVATORY A. Exhibits in Palm, Desert and Eco Houses (existing houses) B. Persian and Ethnobotany Houses w/ Exhibits (new houses, includes universal entry to Persian House) CONSERVATORY TERRACES A. Performance Stage, Grand Staircase and Color Parterres (at existing houses) B. North and South Activity Terraces (at new houses) MAINTENANCE BUILDING & HORTICULTURE OFFICE A. Maintenance Building (LEED, earth-sheltered, green roof) B. Horticulture Office (LEED) UPPER PLAZA A. Entry Walks, Activity Terrace, Pavilion and Dunn Formal Rose Garden Path B. Expanded Restaurant Terrace HILL & STREAM GARDEN (Japanese Gardens) A. Phase 1 – Lower Stream B. Phase 2 – Upper Stream WETLAND HABITAT KARESANSUI (Dry Garden – Japanese Gardens) BONSAI PAVILION PRODUCTION GREENHOUSES A. F.B.I. Building (Potting Shed) B. Greenhouse Range (with cistern)

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BLOUNT PLAZA CONSERVATORY EXHIBITS CONSERVATORY TERRACES HORTICULTURE MAINTENANCE COMPLEX UPPER PLAZA SEVEN VIRTUES WATERFALLS WETLANDS HABITAT KARESANSUI (DRY GARDEN) BONSAI PAVILION PLANT PRODUCTION GREENHOUSES

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Birmingham Botanical Garden Birmingham, Alabama

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2B 3B 5B GARDEN ENTRY – BLOUNT PLAZA 5A

1A 1B 2010 Master Plan Detail: Scott Scarfone (Oasis Design Group)

Garden Entry – Blount Plaza: Work here will initially focus on: 1A.) the area from the Granite Garden sculpture to the existing drop-off, and 1B.) possible architectural changes to the Garden Center.

Design: Landscape Architect Joel Eliason (Nimrod Long & Associates) and Architect John Carraway

THE ENTRANCE TO OUR OUTDOOR GARDENS REQUIRES A MAJOR RENOVATION TO ACHIEVE THE FOLLOWING: • • • • • • •

Welcome and orient visitors with elegant arrival, seating and gathering spaces; Provide universally-designed access; Support diverse special events, education programs and other activities; Complement the architectural style of the Garden Center; Accommodate gift shop activities; Divert stormwater runoff into the Barber Alabama Woodlands wetlands; Highlight donor recognition and provide donor opportunities.

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GARDEN ENTRY – BLOUNT PLAZA Trees in the plaza are either in decline from root constriction, or are heaving paving, creating safety hazards.

Unfortunately, this Shumard oak required removal in 2013.

Minor root pruning on plaza trees can sometimes be performed, but it weakens the tree and is only a temporary solution to heaving pavement if the tree continues to thrive.

Stormwater runoff collects in the plaza even during moderate rain events. This condition makes access, events, programs and activities nearly impossible.

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GARDEN ENTRY – BLOUNT PLAZA With no people to visualize human scale, the plaza appears relatively spacious.

However, its design barely accommodates our current events, programs and activities (for example, the Fall Plant Sale) and frustrates efforts to create new ones.

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CONSERVATORY EXHIBITS 2B 3B

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Conservatory Exhibits: Following our Phase I Conservatory Improvements, this priority includes creating universal access to: 2A.) new exhibits in three existing conservatory houses, and 2B.) building two new houses with exhibits.

2010 Master Plan Detail: Scott Scarfone (Oasis Design Group)

IMPORTANT CONSERVATORY EXHIBIT THEMES INCLUDE:

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• Water features illustrating plant adaptations to different global and regional climate zones; • Story-telling opportunities for diverse education programs and visitor engagement; • Meaningful, beautiful plant collections; • Multiple gathering and seating areas for events, programs and activities; • Artfully designed spaces for inspiration and relaxation; • Green technologies including shade/insulation blankets (already installed), Earth tube heating and high-pressure fogging systems; • Numerous and flexible naming opportunities for donors.

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CONSERVATORY EXHIBITS FIVE CONSERVATORY HOUSES – FIVE THEMED EXHIBITS

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2A.) TROPICAL HOUSE • • • •

Interpret tropical rain forest habitat for science-based school curricula; Showcase tropical orchids on vertical pylons for high visual impact; Incorporate central “rain curtain” and reflecting pool; Feature important plants of commerce from the tropics including coffee, vanilla, pineapple, coconut and cacao (the source of chocolate).

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2A.) ARID HOUSE

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• Interpret co-evolved adaptations among plants from different deserts of the world for science-based school curricula; • Showcase water emergence, conveyance and storage with stylized oasis, arroyo and cistern; • Feature natural Alabama stone to illustrate our state’s diverse geology and soils; • Incorporate interactive “wet wall” with disappearing images.

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2A.) ECO-HOUSE • Interpret Gulf of Mexico estuary habitat with brackish/saline water feature;

• Provide flex space for smaller, portable, seasonal exhibits for science-based school curricula; • Feature an aquaponics exhibit with vertical food gardens and tilapia tank; • Harvest solar energy.

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CONSERVATORY EXHIBITS FIVE CONSERVATORY HOUSES – FIVE THEMED 4BEXHIBITS 2B.) PERSIAN HOUSE (NEW)

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• Interpret Mediterranean plants, including “first foods” like date palm and citrus for science-based school curricula; • Feature influential Persian design style in arches and paving; • Accommodate various small events and meetings; • Provide thematic and physical links to (future) Persian Garden.

10A 2B.) MEDICINAL HOUSE (NEW)

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• Interpret plants with pharmacological and other human uses for science-based school curricula; • Inspire visitors with stories about traditional medicine, plant hunters, future cures and plant conservation; • Provide thematic and physical links to Vegetable Garden and Herb Terrace.

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CONSERVATORY TERRACES 2B 3B

2010 Master Plan Detail: Scott Scarfone (Oasis Design Group)

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Conservatory Terraces: Work here includes 3A.) central terrace and color parterres at existing conservatory houses, and 3B.) secondary terraces at two new conservatory houses.

CENTRAL TERRACE WITH GRAND STAIRCASE AT TROPICAL HOUSE: • Provides elegant and traditional setting for Conservatory; • Accommodates large gatherings and activities; • Doubles as an informal performance stage; • Is flanked by graceful walks amidst stylized borders of seasonal color; • Is available for naming opportunities.

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SIDE TERRACES AT PERSIAN AND ECO- HOUSES: • Accommodate smaller gatherings and activities; • Act in concert with central terrace for larger events; • Are available for naming opportunities.

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CONSERVATORY TERRACES The existing water feature and clock obscure the entrance to our most significant garden structure, and are broken beyond repair. Entrance ramps are not compliant with the Americans with Disabilities Act. These features will be removed.

The existing terrace at the conservatory entrance is uneven and too small to accommodate gathering and activities.

In consultation with the artist, the bronze Frank Fleming sculptures of fabled woodland animals (around the clock) will be conserved and re-purposed in another location.

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HORTICULTURE MAINTENANCE COMPLEX

4B 4A 2010 Master Plan Detail: Scott Scarfone (Oasis Design Group)

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Horticulture Maintenance Complex: Work here includes 4A.) a partially earth-sheltered, green-roofed maintenance and storage building, and 4B.) a two-story building (with bioswale feature) for horticultural staff, volunteers and associated activities.

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THE EXISTING FACILITIES FOR STAFF AND MAINTENANCE DATE TO THE 1960S AND ARE OUTDATED AND MUCH TOO SMALL TO CONTAIN CURRENT AND FUTURE NEEDS AND USES.

FUTURE STRUCTURES WILL: 2B 2B 2A • Incorporate green technologies such as solar power, earth-sheltering, green roofs, locally-sourced and eco-friendly materials; • Predict and accommodate staff and program growth; • Help to separate public and staff areas, increasing security and visitor safety; • Assist in responsible stormwater management with bioswale feature; • Allow naming opportunities.

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HORTICULTURE MAINTENANCE COMPLEX

The Horticulture Maintenance Complex site is an east-facing sloping hillside that could easily accommodate the proposed structures.

Existing bins for bulk materials would be moved, and existing lath houses would be re-organized for efficiency. We would seek certification for this project as a green building under the Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) program of the US Green Building Council.

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HORTICULTURE MAINTENANCE COMPLEX MORRIS ARBORETUM, CHESTNUT HILL, PA "CASE STUDY" Completed in 2010, the Horticulture Center project earned a LEED Platinum certification for its adherence to green building standards.

Offices are at center and a maintenance garage is at right.

This maintenance garage features a planted roof and employs aluminum cisterns to harvest rainwater. Collected water ties into irrigation systems for the roof.

Inside view of the same maintenance garage.

Inside the office spaces with copious natural light and an open, inviting floor plan.

The main entrance to the offices features a rain garden and beautiful local stone engraved with donor names.

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UPPER PLAZA 2B 3B

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2010 Master Plan Detail: Scott Scarfone (Oasis Design Group)

This project encompasses: 5A.) the area between the Dunn Formal Rose Garden, Blount Plaza, Barber Alabama Woodlands and the octagonal Color Bowl, and 5B.) architectural changes to expand the restaurant terrace.

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KEY GARDEN AND ACTIVITY AREAS SURROUNDING

1B THIS IMPORTANT TRANSITION SPACE WERE BUILT AT DIFFERENT TIMES.

DESIGN GOALS ARE TO:

• Provide universally-designed access into the Dunn Formal Rose Garden and other gardens beyond; • Support diverse special events, education programs and other activities in a seamless fashion; • Complement the architectural style of the Garden Center; • Unify the design of four different adjacent spaces; • Divert stormwater runoff into the Barber Alabama Woodlands wetlands and away from Blount Plaza below; • Provide naming opportunities for donors.

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UPPER PLAZA – EXISTING CONDITIONS The foundation of the overlook at the Dunn Formal Rose Garden is in poor condition.

The access ramp does not comply with the Americans with Disabilities Act.

Additional walls are required to support the edge of this garden and create space for an outdoor room-defining hedge.

Visually, the octagonal Color Bowl washes with the rose garden beyond; neither space is well-defined absent an enclosure at their boundary.

The north-south cross axis through the rose garden passes gracefully through Mario Villa’s Topiary Tempietto, but lacks a visual terminus and destination.

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UPPER PLAZA Scott Scarfone (Oasis Design Group)

THIS DESIGN ACHIEVES ALL OUR GOALS IN A TIDY AND ELEGANT MANNER BY: • Repeating Garden Center architectural elements in an expanded restaurant terrace and a new activity pavilion; • Terminating the rose garden cross axis with the same pavilion; • Articulating garden and activity areas with walls, hedges and other new plantings; • Expanding event and activity areas with a new terrace; • Separating in-and-out visitor traffic from adjacent event, activity and gathering spaces; • Achieving barrier-free access in all areas.

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9 SEVEN VIRTUES WATERFALLS 8

6A 6B 2008 Japanese Gardens Renovation Plan Detail: Shinichiro Abe & Peter White (ZEN Associates)

Seven Virtues Waterfalls (Japanese Gardens): This project calls for a major renovation to the overall watercourse in the 6A.) upper section – from the Tea Garden to the first stone bridge, and 6B.) lower section – downstream to Long Life Lake.

THIS WATERCOURSE, IN THE TRADITIONAL HILL AND STREAM GARDEN STYLE, IS ARGUABLY THE MOST IMPORTANT FEATURE IN THE DESIGN OF OUR JAPANESE GARDENS. THIS IS BECAUSE IT:

• Acts as a physical and metaphoric backbone of the design; • Organizes a number of important spaces along its length; • Allows crossings via one wooden and two stone bridges; • Masks off-site noise with the sound of rushing water; • Evokes the timelessness of this garden’s style.

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• Repair all leaking pools and falls will easily-repaired clay liners; • Support waterfalls with “behind the scenes” monolithic concrete weirs; • Reset boulder compositions dislodged by erosion (masking the weirs); • Provide additional seating and gathering areas; • Increase accessibility with one additional bridge; • Improve water quality in Long Life Lake; • Incorporate donor naming opportunities.

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SEVEN VIRTUES WATERFALLS Postcard, c. 1985, showing part of the Seven Virtues Waterfalls. These characteristics refer to Bushido, known as the “Way of the Samurai,” and are Rectitude, Courage, Benevolence, Respect, Honesty, Honor and Loyalty.

SMALL FALLS BEFORE: Postcard, c. 1970, showing an early view of the first falls and uppermost pool at the Tea Garden.

SMALL FALLS EXISTING: A current view of the same area. The renovation calls for some changes in plantings adjacent to the stream, but the intimate and enclosed nature of this particular setting Inside view ofintact. the will remain same maintenance

LARGE FALLS BEFORE: The largest waterfall and pool in a postcard view, c. 1985.

LARGE FALLS EXISTING: A current view of the same area. Seating will be added around this pool, which will be deepened to accommodate koi. The venerable existing junipers are important plants in this area and will remain.

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WETLANDS HABITAT 2010 Master Plan Detail: Scott Scarfone (Oasis Design Group)

7 Wetlands Habitat (Alabama Habitat Garden): This project re-imagines the entrance experience driving in off of Lane Park Road as a bridge through naturalistic constructed wetlands on both sides of the road.

A RENOVATION HERE WOULD POSITIVELY IMPACT A NUMBER OF IMPORTANT DESIGN CONCEPTS:

• Stormwater Management • Spacious enough to hold significant amount of water from upstream flow; • Help to prevent downstream erosion; 0 100 • Stored water may be integrated into irrigations systems; • Overall improvements in water quality will result.

• Connectivity •Paths will connect to parking areas, improving visitor safety; •Paths will connect to Red Rock Ridge & Valley Trail System at Lane Park Rd. • Programming •As the first addition to a future suite of Alabama Habitat Gardens, new program opportunities and capacity will be created.

• Collections Development •Area will provide largest variety of wet & moist habitats in full sun on our site; •Opportunity to expand collections of many desirable native plants of ornamental and conservation value.

• Donor Engagement •Multiple naming opportunities will be available.

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WETLANDS HABITAT EXISTING: Lane Park Road Entrance: Colorful plantings will still be featured here to welcome visitors with seasonal flowers; sidewalks will lead through the habitat areas and into the rest of The Gardens.

EXISTING: Views to the Formal Garden and Conservatory will be preserved, to better juxtapose the stylized, wet meadow-like quality of the habitat areas in the foreground with

EXISTING: During periods of heavy rain, stormwater will be stored on both sides of the entry drive, seen here in a recent image.

EXISTING: To the right of the entry drive, showing existing storm drainage pipes and the elevation of the existing stream.

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4B 4A

WETLANDS HABITAT 10B 10A

2B 2B 2A 3B concrete-lined pond at our entry3B EXISTING: The existing, shown with typical annual algae build-up, requiring tedious 3A maintenance. This feature will be removed in favor of a more natural ecosystem with water-holding capacity.

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WETLANDS HABITAT 10B 10A

2B 2B 2A 3B 3B EXISTING: The existing, concrete-lined pond at our entry shown with typical 3A annual algae build-up, requiring tedious maintenance. This feature will be removed in favor of a more natural ecosystem with water-holding capacity.

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WETLANDS HABITAT BEAUTIFUL WETLAND PLANTS: A SAMPLING OF WETLAND PLANTS SUITABLE FOR THIS AREA INCLUDE BOTH ORNAMENTAL SUBJECTS AND THOSE

OF CONSERVATION VALUE; ALL WOULD EXPAND OUR LIVING COLLECTIONS. June flowers on cutleaf American elderberry (Sambucus canadensis ‘Acutiloba’).

Intoxicatingly fragrant spring flowers of Florida flame azalea (Rhododendron austrinum).

Red-hot spikes of hummingbird-friendly cardinal flower (Lobelia cardinalis) bloom in summer and fall.

The summer-flowering plumleaf azalea (Rhododendron prunifolium) is found in only seven counties in Alabama and Georgia.

Winter fruits on the rare Neches River rosemallow (Hibiscus dasycalyx), a Texas endemic that thrives here.

The small white flowers of sweetbay magnolia (Magnolia virginiana) smell of lemons.

Yellow July stars on cut-leaf coneflower (Rudbeckia laciniata).

The lovely flowers of the Southern blue flag (Iris prismatica) and pollinators.

Dried winter fruits of smooth witherod (Viburnum nudum).

Numerous spiderlilies in the genus Hymenocallis would thrive in this location; we struggle to flower these due to lack of sunny, wet spots.

Specialized insect-trapping leaves of white-topped pitcher plant (Sarracenia leucophylla).

Gray foliage and pink blooms on swamp rosemallow (Hibiscus grandflorus).

This newly-discovered species of Fothergilla has beautiful bluish leaves, but no scientific name yet.

The wild, singleflowered form of Confederate Rose (Hibiscus rosa-sinensis var. normalis) is an example of a well-behaved non-native suitable for this location.

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KARESANSUI (DRY GARDEN) 9 8

6A 2008 Japanese Gardens Renovation Plan Detail: Shinichiro Abe & Peter White (ZEN Associates)

Karesansui (Dry Garden, Japanese Gardens): Considered part of our Tea Garden, this priority calls for a renovation of the existing feature and its immediate surroundings, to raise the level of sophistication to more closely match that of Toshin-an, our tea house.

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THIS CONTEMPLATIVE SPACE, WITH MOSS, RAKED CRUSHED STONE AND STONE COMPOSITIONS, IS A TRADITIONAL FEATURE IN MANY JAPANESE GARDENS. THE PROPOSED RENOVATION WOULD: • Create a new layout for the overall garden, following traditional examples of shape and proportion; • Include a barrier-free path from the Cherry Walk to achieve ADA compliance; • Incorporate a raised viewing platform with traditional paving and seating; • Preserve significant existing plantings, and improve others; • Re-set stone compositions to follow idealized 3-5-7 Japanese numerology; • Provide naming opportunities.

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KARESANSUI (DRY GARDEN)

EXISTING: The triangular shape of the existing karesansui is unusual as is the irregular edging. The renovation would allow us to create a more typical form, and make needed repairs to the cracks in the dobei walls.

RYOANJI: The famous karesansui at the Ryoan-ji Temple, Kyoto, Japan, is considered the ideal model for studying this form of design, and we would emulate many of its characteristics in our renovation.

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BONSAI PAVILION 9

2008 Japanese Gardens Renovation Plan Detail: Shinichiro Abe & Peter White (ZEN Associates)

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Bonsai Garden (Japanese Gardens): This area lies at the western edge of the Japanese Gardens. The renovation plan calls for replacing the existing Bonsai Pavilion with a new one, and making modifications to paths for improved access and sequential circulation.

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A COLLECTION OF BONSAI (“TRAY PLANTING”) TREES IS OFTEN A FEATURE OF TRADITIONAL JAPANESE GARDENS. THIS ART FORM COMBINES ROOT AND SHOOT PRUNING AND STEM TRAINING TO ACHIEVE

THE ILLUSION OF GREAT AGE. IT HAS BEEN PRACTICED IN JAPAN FOR MANY CENTURIES AND THE OLDEST PLANTS HAVE BEEN IN TRAINING FOR

~300 YEARS. OUR NEW PAVILION WOULD NEED TO:

• Provide sufficient security to protect the valuable trees while allowing the public to view their beauty.

• Integrate irrigations systems for once- or twice-daily watering.

• Accommodate storage of certain materials.

• Possess a sufficient level of architectural sophistication; • Incorporate naming opportunities for donors.

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BONSAI PAVILION EXISTING: The existing Bonsai Pavilion is accessed from a steep dead-end path (it does not connect to other paths). A new accessible path would be part of this renovation.

EXISTING: Narrow paths and high overhead structures cast significant shade, making cultivation of many bonsai species difficult; moss growth often makes these paths slippery underfoot.

EXISTING: Unfortunately, our trees have been stolen and vandalized in the past, which led to the installation of metal grills. The plants are protected, but the viewing experience is greatly diminished and regular maintenance requires lifting the heavy screens.

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Japanese Gardens, along Cahaba Road. While relocating the building to a site closer to the main entrance could solve the security issues, the current location allows it to be an important node within the Japanese Gardens, and therefore should remain there.

Design • Structure: The view of the roofline is very important in the Japanese Garden. An A new building is proposed to house the bonsai collection. Architecturally, the newshould be constructed for the eastern facade with a roofline that is entry structure structure will be more of a “Shoin” style rather than the more humblevisible “Sukiya” fromstyle. the main path. The remaining three sides of the pavilion should be

out, design, utility, accessibility, mings, or consider relocation

enclosed a “dobei” style wall. Structures will be located for the display of the • Location: The Bonsai Pavilion presently is located along the western sidewith of the Bonsai similar Japanese Gardens, along Cahaba Road. While relocating the building to a siteto the existing walls, which will be visible through windows in the entry facade. closer to the main entrance could solve the security issues, the current locationThis allows visitors to view parts of the collection while full access is allows it to be an important node within the Japanese Gardens, closed. and therefore should remain there.

• Vegetation: Each of the Bonsai trees should only be viewed from one side, with a blankGarden. backdropAn to allow the intricacies of each specimen to stand out.

• Structure: The view of the roofline is very important in the Japanese entry structure should be constructed for the eastern facade with a roofline that is Circulation: A new pathway connects the Bonsai Pavilion back to the main path. visible from the main path. The remaining three sides of the•pavilion should be enclosed with a “dobei” style wall. Structures will be located for the display of the • Amenities: Exhibit signage could be Bonsai similar to the existing walls, which will be visible through windows in the incorporated at the entry which provides entry facade. This allows visitors to view parts of the collection while full access is a brief insight into the art and culture of Dobei closed. bonsai.

Wall • Vegetation: Each of the Bonsai trees should only be viewed from one side, with a • Security: Access should be controlled blank backdrop to allow the intricacies of each specimen to stand out. through program scheduling. A video system should be installed • Circulation: A new pathway connects the Bonsai Pavilion backcamera to the main path. throughout the pavilion.

• Amenities: Exhibit signage Entry could be New incorporated at the entry which provides facade path a brief insight into the art and culture of bonsai.

BONSAI PAVILION BONSAI PAVILION PLAN

• Security: Access should be controlled through program scheduling. A video camera system should be installed throughout the pavilion.

Entry 2008 Japanese Gardens facade Renovation Plan Detail: Shinichiro Abe & Peter White (ZEN Associates)

New path

T h e G a r d e n R e n o v “NORTH a t i o n P l ELEVATION” an

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• A concept for the new Bonsai Pavilion in the Sho-in style.

• With an emphasis on a roofline that is visible from the main path, the pavilion sits in front of the collection.

• The remaining three sides of the space are enclosed with “dobei” style walls.

• Structures are located inside for bonsai display, and are visible through openings in the facade.

• Visitors view parts of the collection at all times, and the entire collection only when staff and volunteers are present and the gates are open.

• The trees are (correctly) viewed with a blank backdrop to allow the intricacies of each specimen to stand out.

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4B PLANT PRODUCTION GREENHOUSES 4A 10A

2010 Master Plan Detail: Scott Scarfone (Oasis Design Group)

10B

Plant Production Greenhouses: This detail shows a new range of 10B.) plant production greenhouses and 10A.) potting shed (or head house) roughly sited in the location of the existing Maintenance Building.

LAYOUT OF EXISTING PRODUCTION GREENHOUSES WASTES 2B 2B 2A VALUABLE SPACE AND THEIR SIZE IS INADEQUATE FOR FUTURE NEEDS; MOST DATE FROM THE 1960S, LIKE THE POTTING 3B 3B OUTMODED .

SHED AND ARE TECHNOLOGICALLY 3A • • • • • • • •

NEW FACILITIES ACCOMPLISH THE FOLLOWING:

Save energy by being gutter-connected into one large range; Save space by eliminating “alleys” between separate structures; Organize growing activities in a production-line manner; Provide important outdoor “lay-down” space for developing plants; Improve circulation patterns for greater staff efficiencies; Allow energy-saving green technologies to be implemented; Assist in stormwater management through rainwater harvesting; Incorporate donor naming opportunities (including for Fay Ireland, whose donation will fund the new Potting Shed).

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PLANT PRODUCTION GREENHOUSES 1.) EXISTING: Dating back to the 1960s, our existing production greenhouses are old, technologically outmoded and not worth the cost of renovation. Most of the area they occupy should be converted to gardens, to encircle the Conservatory with gardens.

2.) EXISTING: An example of the wasted space between the existing greenhouses, which are not gutter-connected. A new layout eliminates wasted spaces like this.

3.) EXISTING: Concrete roadways in the maintenance area appear spacious, but are not well-designed. Stormwater runoff is not controlled effectively.

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PLANT PRODUCTION GREENHOUSES 1.) PROPOSED: Monolithic, gutter-connected greenhouse range uses space efficiently, and allows maximum internal flexibility for modifying environmental zones and growing different crops.

2.) PROPOSED: Large cisterns, envisioned beneath the new greenhouse range, will harvest runoff from greenhouse roofs.

A 1� rainfall on the proposed roof = 80,000 gallons of water.

3.) PROPOSED: A field of water storage containers can supply significant irrigation water (currently gleaned from potable supplies); irrigation system can be powered by a small solar pump.

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