Chemistry 1

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Strictly According to the New Syllabus (C.B.C.S.) Prescribed by Saurashtra University for B.Sc. (Sem. - 1)

CHEMISTRY - 1

:: Authors :: Dr. Mahendra Borisagar (M.Sc., Ph.D.) - H. & H. B. Kotak Science College, Rajkot.

Dr. Kausik Joshi(M.Sc., Ph.D.) - D.K.V. Science College, Jamnager.

BHARAT & COMPANY The First ISBN Listed Educational Books Publishing Company in Saurashtra & Kachchh 2

Subject : Chemistry - 1 ISBN No. : 978-93-81786-87-1 1st Edition : 2014 - 15 Published by : Mr. Ketan Popat Bharat & Company, Dr. Yagnik Road, Rajkot - 360 001 Contect : 90990 27279 Š All rights are reserved by the Publisher and Authors.

` 75/Authorised Dealer : Bharat Book Stores,Opp. D.H.College, Dr. Yagnik Road, Rajkot - 360 001 Ph. (0281) 2481545 / 2465148 Printed at : Bharat Offset, Ahmedabad.

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:: PREFACE :: It is great pleasure to introduce CHEMISTRY - 1 (Sem-1) as a reference book for under graduate students. This book helps greatly to students of all university, especially under the Choice Based Credit System for Saurashtra University, Rajkot. All the chapters are written in lucid language with suitable example, exercises and M.C.Q. Thus students can easily understand and grasp the topics. All the topics are deal with carefully and in detail for better understanding to the new syllabus of Saurashtra University, Rajkot.

We are also thankful to Bharat & Co. for publish this book.

We request our colleagues, subject experts to send their healthy criticism and valuable suggestions to improve the book, will be gratefully being appreciated.

We specially thank following subject concern persons and educationalist, who helped us directly or indirectly in presenting this book.

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:: INDEX :: Unit - 1 : Inorganic Chemistry Ch.1 Periodic Properties 1.1 General rule for Electronic Configuration 1.2 Periodic Tends in Properties of Electrons 1.3 Determination of Ionic Radius

1.2 1.4 1.16

Ch.2 2.1 2.2 2.3

Bonding and Shapes of Molecules Valance Bond Theory (vbt) Hybridization Stereo Chemistry of Inorganic Molecule

2.3 2.6 2.15

Ch.3 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.6

Elements of First Transition Series Introduction Electronic Configuration Reversal of Energy in 3d and 4s Physical Properties Atomic Properties Magnetic Properties

3.2 3.3 3.5 3.6 3.9 3.12

Ch.4 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.5 4.5

Unit - 2 : Organic Chemistry Substitution & Elimination Reaction of Alkyl Halides Introduction to type of Reaction 4.2 Types of Organic Reaction 4.10 Substitution Reaction of Alkyl Halide 4.16 Elimination Reaction 4.18 Elimination Reaction of Alkyl Halides 4.22 Heat of Hydrogenation and Stability of Alkene 4.23

Ch.5 5.1 5.2 5.3

Cycloalkanes Nomenclature of Cycloalkane (alicyclic system) Nomenclature of Bicyclic or Tricyclic Compounds Method of preparation of Small Ring Cycloalkanes

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5.2 5.4 5.6

5.4 5.5 5.6 5.7 5.8

Physical properties of Cycloalkanes Chemical properties of Cycloalkanes Baeyer's Strain Theory Theory of Stainless Ring or Sacshe Mohr Concept Preparation of Large Ring Cycloalkanes

6.15 6.16 6.17

Unit - 3 : Physical Chemistry Thermodynamics Introduction Thermodynamics Importance & Limitations The System and the Surroundings Extensive and Intensive Properties State and Path Functions and Their Differential Thermodynamic Processes.

Concept of Heat and Work.

The Zeroth law of Thermodynamics The first law of Thermodynamics Δ Internal Energy and Enthalpy Calculation of w,q Δ E, H for Expansion of Ideal Gases under Isothermal & Adiabatic Conditions for Reversible Process Bond Dissociation Enthalpy ( bondH0) Heat capacity Work Obtained during Isothermal and Adiabatic change Temperature change Work of expansion in Reversible Adiabatic Process The Joule-Thomson Effect

Ch.7 7.1 7.2 7.3

Adsorption Introduction Terminology related to Adsorption Adsorption Isotherm

Ch.6 6.1 6.2 6.3 6.4 6.5 6.6 6.7 6.8 6.9 6.10 6.11

6.12 6.13 6.14.

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5.9 5.9 5.11 5.14 5.15

6.2 6.2 6.3 6.5 6.5 6.7 6.8 6.10 6.11 6.12

6.13 6.14 6.16 6.18 6.19 6.20 6.21

7.2 7.2 7.3

7.4 7.5 7.6 7.7 7.8 7.9 7.10

Mechanism of Adsorption Difference between Surface Tension and Adsorption Types of Adsorption Factors Affecting The Adsorption of Gases by Solids Freundlich Adsorption Isotherm Langmuir Adsorption Isotherm Applications of Adsorption

Unit - 4 : Analytical Chemistry Ch.8 Modes of Concentration 8.1 Definition of Solution, Solvent & Solute 8.2 Examples of Solutions 8.3 Characteristics of solution 8.4 Solubility 8.5 Water is the Universal Solvent 8.6 Factors Affecting Solubility 8.7 Concentration 8.8 Standard solution 8.9 Preparation of standard solution 8.10 Equivalent weight 8.11 Concentration Representation Terms Ch.9 9.1 9.2 9.3 9.4 9.5 9.6 9.7 9.8

Acids, Bases and Salts Introduction Acid Base theorems Ionisation of Acids and Bases The Ionization Constant of Water and its Ionic Product The pH Scale Ionisation Constant Hydrolysis of Salts and the pH of their Solutions Buffer Solutions

Previous Year Paper - 2013

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7.4 7.5 7.5 7.7 7.10 7.12 7.15

8.2 8.2 8.3 8.3 8.4 8.4 8.5 8.5 8.5 8.6 8.7

9.2 9.2 9.5 9.7 9.8 9.9 9.12 9.19