Gout

The goal of gout treatment is to reduce inflammation and manage pain. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) such as ibuprofen and naproxen can be effective in reducing pain and inflammation during an acute gout attack. Colchicine, which is derived from the autumn crocus plant, can also be used to reduce inflammation and prevent gout attacks.

In some cases, doctors may prescribe corticosteroids such as prednisone to reduce inflammation and pain. Corticosteroids can be taken orally or injected directly into the affected joint. However, long-term use of corticosteroids can have side effects such as weight gain, high blood pressure, and osteoporosis.

In addition to medications, lifestyle changes can also help to manage gout. These include maintaining a healthy weight, avoiding foods and drinks high in purines (such as red meat, organ meats, shellfish, and beer), staying hydrated by drinking plenty of water, and limiting alcohol intake.

In cases where gout is chronic and not wellcontrolled with lifestyle changes and medications, doctors may recommend medications that lower the level of uric acid in the blood. These medications include xanthine oxidase inhibitors such as allopurinol and febuxostat, which work by blocking the production of uric acid. Other medications such as probenecid and lesinurad work by increasing the excretion of uric acid in the urine.

In summary, gout is a painful form of arthritis that is caused by the build-up of uric acid crystals in the joints. Symptoms of gout include sudden and severe joint pain, redness and swelling, and warmth in the affected joint. Treatment for gout aims to reduce inflammation and manage pain, and may include NSAIDs, colchicine, corticosteroids, and medications that lower the level of uric acid in the blood.