Volume 1 Issue 51 by Tidbits of Niagara Region

GU TT ER MY H S O

g in Can & Bottle Return

5252 Saunders Settlement Rd. (Rte 31 & Campbell Blvd) Cambria / Lockport • 930-3209

716.602.0125

HOURS: M-F 10-6 • SAT 10-2 OVER 4 MILLION

Week of July 2nd 2017

Of Niagara Region®

WNY

HOME RESTORATION

Volume 1, Issue #51

Published by Hummingbird Publishing

To Place an Ad Call 716.807.7729 or 716.957.0836 BEFORE

SIDING & ROOFING REPAIRS

The Neatest Little Paper Ever Read

e-mail: tidbitsofniagararegion@gmail.com website: www.tidbitsofniagararegion.com

TIDBITS® USES

AFTER

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TOOLS

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THE HISTORY OF THE SCREW • In the early days of industrialization, there was no such thing as standardization. Each machinists making nuts, bolts, and screws made them a tiny bit different from a machinist working on the next block or the next state or the next country. In 1841, an English man named Sir Joseph Whitworth introduced a screw which was shortly in use throughout the world. Whitworth also proposed that all screws have a set number of threads per inch for various diameters, a suggestion which was adopted throughout Britain. The Whitworth screw was the first step towards standardization of screws. • However, in 1864 an American named William Sellers invented a better screw. Sellers, an accomplished machinist, was president of the Franklin Institute, a professional society of machinists. He pitched his new, improved screw to the members. The threads of the Whitworth screw sloped at a 55 degree angle, which was a difficult angle for machinists to achieve. Sellers’ new screw threads sloped at a 60 degree angle, the exact angle of an equilateral triangle, which was a far easier angle to achieve. (cont’d next page)

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Page 2

Tidbits® of Niagara Region

For advertising rates call 716.807.7729

HISTORY OF THE SCREW (cont’d)

Every three months, Americans throw enough aluminum in the landfills to build our nation’s entire commercial fleet. The average person has the opportunity to recycle more than 25,000 cans in a lifetime. Recycling a single aluminum can saves enough energy to power a TV for three hours.

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• Whitworth’s screw threads had rounded tops and rounded valleys, but Sellers’ had flat tops and flat valleys, which made them easier to catch in the threads of a bolt. The Whitworth screw required three kinds of cutters and two kinds of lathe to manufacture, but a Sellers screw needed just a single cutter and one lathe. The Sellers screw was clearly superior to the Whitworth screw, and Sellers understood the need for standardization. He was determined to ensure that his screw became the standard. • Members of the Franklin Institute were sold on the Sellers screw, but other machinists knew standardization would put them out of business. Sellers set out to overcome opposition. First he approached four of the largest machine shops in the eastern U.S. and convinced them to begin using his screw. Then he convinced the Navy. Next was the Pennsylvania Railroad, partly because he was on their board. By the time the Sellers screw had been on the market only three years, it was already more popular than the Whitworth screw, which was 27 years old. • Companies that built railroad cars began using the Sellers screws and by 1883 nearly all railroads in the U.S. were using it. In 1901 the International Congress for Standards and Gauges adopted it for use in Europe. • William Sellers had almost achieved his dream of the standardization of the screw, with one exception. In Britain, they still used the Whitworth screw. Then World War II came along. Brits and Americans teamed up to fight the Nazis. British tanks broke down and American screws wouldn’t fit. American factories were rapidly retooled and for three years produced both British arms and parts and American arms and parts. After the war, everyone agreed standardization was needed, and when the Brits agreed to use the Sellers screw, William Sellers achieved his dream. (continued on next page)

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PAW’S CORNER By Sam Mazzotta SOLDIER’S TRANSFER MAY STRAND PETS DEAR PAW’S CORNER: My wife recently received orders to transfer to a new duty station in Germany. I’m excited to go with her, but the problem is that we can’t take our two cats. I don’t want to give them up to a shelter, and I’ve asked relatives nearby if they can take them, but they can’t. What can I do? -- Proud Army Spouse in Maryland DEAR ARMY SPOUSE: Is there a health reason why you can’t bring along the cats? From my research, pets are allowed to accompany military families to Germany when transferring to a new assignment, or what’s known as a permanent change of station (PCS). The article “PCS and Your Pet” in military.com explains many of the details involved in moving to an overseas base with your pet. If your cats are too sick or old to handle the trip, then you should look at finding them a new home. However, if they’re healthy, several resources are available to help you plan and bring them along. Get a certificate of health from your veterinarian as soon as possible to avoid any problems with bringing them to a new country. Coordinate with the military offices that handle the details of PCS -- you likely must contact several -- to make travel arrangements for you, your wife and the cats. Find out if more documentation is needed for the cats. You may need to pay for the cats’ transportation, and you’ll have to buy airline-rated pet carriers. Contact the agency helping you complete the move to Germany. Also contact the base veterinarian, who may have additional advice in helping you and your cats move smoothly overseas. Send your questions, tips or comments to ask@ pawscorner.com. (c) 2017 King Features Synd., Inc.

ith not good w fers any other ofs or discount MENTION ® R TIDBITS FO

Tidbits® of Niagara Region

THE SCREWDRIVER • Henry, a businessman in Oregon, noted that sometimes screws and screwdrivers just didn’t work well. They were fine for home repairs, but had problems in assembly lines. In the 1930s, car manufacturers were screwing millions of screws per minute with power screwdrivers. With power tools, not only is it difficult to fit the screwdriver into the slot of a standard screw, but centrifugal force tends to force the screwdriver to slide out of the slot. Once the standard screw is screwed in all the way, the power screwdriver continues to spin, which either strips the screw or stalls the screwdriver. • So Henry invented a cross-shaped screw that could be driven with more torque and would hold tighter than regular slotted screws. His new screwdriver, with its pointed tip, engaged the screw much more easily and did not slip out. The indentation in the screw was so shallow that when the screw was finished screwing, the screwdriver simply popped out. It was first used in building the 1936 Cadillac and proved so effective that within two years all car manufacturers had switched. He named the new screw and the screwdriver after himself – Henry F. Phillips: the Phillips screwdriver.

CAULKING GUN

• Theodore Witte was pretty good at home repairs but he sure got tired of trying to smooth out putty around windows using a putty knife. One day in 1894, he was at the bakery, watching a baker put icing on a cake using a cake decorator’s gun to force the frosting into a smooth, controllable line. Why couldn’t putty be that easy? Witte went home and designed what he called a “puttying tool” that allowed putty to be applied in one continuous smooth seam. Unfortunately, the putty industry didn’t pay much attention and Witte never made much money from his invention, today known as the caulking gun. • Before 1964, there were socket sets but the old-fashioned socket wrench that went with the set had to be twisted endlessly. In 1964, an 18-year-old kid named Peter Roberts was tinkering around. His father repaired lawn mowers and sometimes Peter helped him out. One day Peter decided that repairing mowers would be easier if only the socket wrench had a button that would release the socket from the grip of the wrench. He made one up himself. The ratchet wrench was born. (continued on next page)

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Aprons Based Bored Brings Builds Canada Chips Closely Crowded Cycles Danced Dating Desks Emerged Eraser Fiery Future

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Page 4

Tidbits® of Niagara Region

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RACHET WRENCH

• Peter,THE a junior high school, worked part“X” in FACTOR (continued): time thesuffer local Sears He tookIf the new • Do atyou from store. xeroderma? you have abnormal dryness of the skin, this term applies wrench to show his boss, who showed it to his to you! boss, who showed it to all the company execu• From the 16th to the 19th centuries, pirates on tives. year went by Sea and Peter heard the A Mediterranean sailednever a small threemasted vessel with square and triangular sails back. Then a lawyer came to visit Peter. He that enabled them to sail faster than their said Sears wasvictims. prepared to offer him centsof prospective Depending on two the size the ship, known as a xebec, between 16 and 40 for every one of his ratchet wrenches they sold, guns might be mounted on the vessel. with the stipulation that they would not owe • The word xenia has a variety of meanings. him after he itreached theconcept $10,000of Toany the royalties ancient Greeks, was the hospitality, generosity, and courtesy invenshown mark. The attorney said that sometimes to those far from home. To the botanist, it’s tors far more money theirAnd inventions theget effect of pollen on for a seed. to those in Ohio, it’s the county seat of Greene than they are really worth. He said it wasCounty, going a community about 21 miles (34 km) from toDayton. be difficult and time-consuming for Sears to wrenches. term, He said it mightto • manufacture Xystus is an the architectural referring a long, or main entrance, of take Petercovered years to portico, collect the maximum amount ancient Greek gymnasiums. Here, athletes ofwould the royalties owed him. Peter signed weather. the patexercise during inclement To the Romans, the xystus was the garden ent over to Sears. walkway in front of the porticoes, where they •A year later he was amazed to receive the planted flower beds. entire $10,000 in a single check. Suspecting • Physicians are familiar with two unusual “X” words, xyster xiphisterna. The xyster is a that he had beenand taken, Peter hired a lawyer and surgical instrument used for scraping bones, went to court. The lawyer argued thatcartilage Sears was while the xiphisterna refers to the at the lower end of the body’s sternum, that long guilty of fraud by leading Peter to believe that flat bone located at the center of the chest. they would only be able to sell a few wrenches • The Greek word xanthos translates “yellow,” per year when of in reality they use had it sold a and several our words for over a prefix. Xanthophyll a yellow found million. He alsoispointed outpigment that Peter hadalong been with cholorophyll in green plants. Plants a minor when he signed the contract. The judge with yellow stems are xanthopous. To those agreed. Notfrom only did award Peter suffering the he abnormal visionRoberts condition known of asaround xanthopsia, everything see damages a million bucks, butthey he also seems to have a yellow hue. gave Peter the patent back.

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Auction

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SATURDAY JULY 8 AT 10:00AM PREVIEw 8AM DAY OF AUcTION

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Kitchen cabinet highlights: Complete Designer Kitchen Cabinet Sets From Niagara Cabinets, 15 to 29 pcs. - in Cherry, Chocolate, Mocha, Whites, Pewter, and Espresso finishes tile: Designer Selection of Coordinating Glass Backsplash, Mosaic & Travertine Tile Flooring highlights: High End, Hand Scraped Hardwoods & Engineered Hardwoods, Luxury Vinyl Tile Laminates (LVT), “Quick Lay”, Snap & Click Laminates, & Laminate Pad Kitchen Lighting • Storage Containers • Cooking & Bakeware carPets: New Area & Accent Rugs - patterens • shags • florals bathroom: Vanities • Bathtubs • Faucets • Fixtures • Toilets • Fans Doors: Interior • Exterior • Six Panel • Screen snow throwers, Pressure Washer • Wheel barrow Western express Wagon • lighting • tools • linens Pillows • throws & more!

auctioneers note:

We Will Be Running 2 Auctions at Once Both Starting At 10:00AM- Get Here Early For Preview With Your Friends. Check Our Web Site: www.perryauctions.com for updated items & pictures

Tidbits® of Niagara Region

Page 5

ABLE INSPECTIONS

Amazing Plants

WEEDS

Purchase with Confidence!

• In the beginning, there were no weeds—only plants. Then man categorized things as “good” or “bad.” Any plant that negatively impacted a “good” plant was “bad.” A weed is any plant out of place. A noxious weed is a plant that is not a part of the historical ecosystem. Of 200,000 plants in the world, only 250 are universally called weeds. The grass family and the sunflower family alone make up 40% of weed species.

SOWING WILD OATS

• Crabgrass was introduced by the U.S. Cotton Office as a new forage. It is now estimated to be the third worst weed on U.S. cropland. In fact, over 40 species of deliberately-introduced plants are now considered to be weeds. Many are European natives which flourish here because humans failed to import their natural enemies. With few insects or diseases to harm them, they thrive. However, the USDA has many success stories where biological control of weeds is concerned. By releasing natural enemies of a weed, populations can be cut. A weed’s growth depends on the stresses it suffers from climate, soil, other plants, and pests. Though an insect may not kill a plant outright, it can cause enough stress to keep it from thriving. Consider the following instances: • Klamath weed was accidentally introduced to the U.S. in the early 1900s. Just 40 years later, 5 million acres were infested. In 1945, the USDA released an imported beetle to control it. Within a decade, Klamath weed had been reduced by 99% in Oregon and California. Grateful ranchers erected a monument to the insect in Eureka, California. • Seed-head weevils were released in Montana in 1969 to attack musk thistle. Between 1974 and 1987, thistles numbers were cut to 6.6% of their former level. (cont’d)

Gary Mulrain Senior Inspector

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ROYALTON

SUMMER SIZZLER 200

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Drawing July 22, 3:00 PM Terry’s Corners Fire Hall Grand Prize: $10,000 2nd Prize: $2500, 3rd Prize: $1500 4th Prize: $1,000, 5th-8th: $500, 9th-12th: $300 13th-16th: $250, 17th-20th: $200

Tickets available at: Royalton Town Hall, Middleport Village Hall Drum Oil and W.H. Rhineharts or by contacting Jennifer Bieber @ 716-628-0179 Need not be present to win. Donation: $100

MILLER’S BULK FOOD & BAKERY

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Page 6

Tidbits® of Niagara Region

Lockport, NY

Tammy Lee Kavney-Rose Licensed Real Estate Salesperson Cell: 716.392.3520 Ofﬁce: 716.434.8458 Fax: 716.434.6289 Email: TRose@RealtyUSA.com

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WEED WORDS

• Chickweed was given its name because chickens and other birds like to eat it. • The German word “knobbe” meant any knob or bump, such as the bud of the flower knapweed. • The Latin word “purgare” means to purge, and spurge was named because the sap of the plant causes anyone who ingests it to vomit. • The flowers of the toadflax have a mouth that opens like a toad’s mouth when squeezed; and the stalks have leaves that resemble flax. • The weed plantain was named from the Latin word “plantago” which means the sole of the foot because the seeds of the plant stick to the feet of people that pass by.

HARDS

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TUESDAYS

LARGE CHEESE PIZZA & 1 TOPPING & 10 WINGS $

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Secret-Recipe BBQ Sauce

Brush this over anything -- from hamburgers to chicken. The recipe makes almost 5 cups, so you’ll have enough for several dishes. 1 tablespoon olive oil 1 jumbo onion (12 ounces), chopped 2 tablespoons chopped, peeled fresh ginger 3 tablespoons chili powder 3 garlic cloves, crushed with garlic press 1 can (8 ounces) crushed pineapple in juice 1 can (28 ounces) crushed tomatoes in puree 1/3 cup ketchup 1/4 cup cider vinegar 3 tablespoons dark brown sugar 3 tablespoons mild molasses 2 teaspoons dry mustard 1 teaspoon salt 1. In 5- to 6-quart saucepot, heat olive oil over medium heat until hot. (Do not use a smaller

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Jeff Piggins

OPEN WED-SUN 11:00 AM to 4:00 PM OPEN 7 DAYS A WEEK

WEEDS (cont’d) • Tansy is another problem weed, brought to the U.S. from Europe. Between 1976 and 1982, the USDA released 7,000 cinnabar moths and 67,000 flea beetles into heavily infested areas. After several years, the population of the insects exploded, delivering a one-two punch to tansy: the moths stripped their leaves, and the beetles chewed the stems. Tansy density was reduced by 97%. • The prickly pear was introduced to Australia as a cultivated crop, but it escaped control and spread over 60 million acres by 1920. It was so thick the land could be used for nothing else. The cactus patches were burned, crushed with steamrollers, dug up, and poisoned with herbicides, all to no avail. The seeds were dispersed by the wind; the fruits were eaten by birds who carried the seeds far and wide; shoots were carried downstream in floods; and the cactus continued to spread. In 1926, three billion eggs of an Argentine moth were released in infested areas. The larvae feed off the cactus, destroying them. By 1932, the cactus had been conquered, and today it remains under control.

fat (0g saturated), 1g protein, 12g carbohydrate, pan; sauce bubbles up and splatters during cooking -- the deeper the pan, the better.) Add 0mg cholesterol, 310mg sodium. onion and ginger and cook 10 minutes or until onion is tender and golden. Add chili powder For thousands of triple-tested recipes, visit our and cook 1 minute, stirring. Add garlic and website at www.goodhousekeeping.com/recicrushed pineapple with its juice, and cook 1 minute longer. pes/. 2. Remove saucepot from heat. Stir in tomatoes with their puree and remaining ingredients. (c) 2017 Hearst Communications, Inc. All rights reserved 3. Spoon one-fourth of sauce into blender. At low speed, blend sauce until smooth. Pour sauce into bowl; repeat with remaining sauce. Return sauce to saucepot; heat to boiling over high heat. Reduce heat ets to medium-low and cook, r P u o Y ! partially covered, 25 ome H nd minutes or until reduced Seco to about 4 3/4 cups, stirring occasionally. & More 4. Cover and refrigerate sauce if not using right away. Sauce will keep up Boarding & Grooming to 1 week in refrigerator (716) 692-DOGS (3647) Like Us On or up to 2 months in Facebook freezer. Makes about 4 3/4 cups. 5283 Saunders Settlement Rd. • Lockport, NY 14094 * Each 1/4 cup serving: www.maureensdoggydaycare.com About 60 calories, 1g total

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Phone: 716-434-6241 Fax: 716-434-9634 Cell: 585-469-4597 Email: Villagehomes@gmail.com www.villagehomecommunityhomes.com

Jeanie Swatsworth Russell Swatworth Jr.

Park Managers

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• Marvin Pipkin went to work for General Electric in 1919. Only 30 years old at the time, he had already invented the charcoal filter for gas masks during his service in World War I. • As a joke, he was given the assignment to figure out how to frost the inside of a light bulb. At the time, light bulbs threw a harsh glare that created sharp shadows, caused people to squint uncomfortably, and made it difficult to see in the vicinity of the light bulb. What was needed was a lightbulb that was translucent rather than transparent, scattering light evenly in all directions. • Many techniques had been tried to soften the light, but nothing had worked. Acid etching left the bulbs too brittle, painting the bulb cut down the light, and coatings increased breakage. Pipkin was handed the task as a good-natured part of hazing a new employee. Yet, he took the job seriously. • The primary method of etching the interior side of light bulbs involved soaking the surface of the glass with hydrofluoric acid, which would give the glass a milky texture. If the glass was then soaked for a long time in a different, weaker acid, the bulb would revert to normal, becoming clear again, so that experiments could be repeated over and over again on the same light bulb, cutting down on waste. • One day in 1925, Pipkin received a phone call just after he had poured the second weaker acid inside of a glass bulb in order to clean it off. In answering the phone, he accidentally tipped the bulb over, spilling the acid before it had time to work. The bulb fell to the floor, landing without breaking. Normally, it would have shattered into a thousand shards. This was the key to the discovery. (cont’d)

Page 7

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716.692.5353 Niagara Frontier’s Finest Burial Park — Since 1934 — White Chapel Memorial Park is Niagara Frontier’s finest burial park. It is a non-sectarian cemetery and open to everyone. There are only a few cemeteries as unique as our open, picturesque, landscaped memorial park. The feeling is majestic and peaceful as you traverse through this serene setting without the obstruction of raised memorials. Long known as one of the best values in Western New York, you will find White Chapel as a hidden gem for a permanent resting place. If you’re looking for high quality and personal service, you’ve come to the right place. At White Chapel Memorial Park we’ll give you the personalized attention and service you’ll come to expect & enjoy.

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ROTARY’S

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Sanborn Fire Company Grounds Rt. 429 (Ward Road) Ten minutes from Niagara Falls! Phone: 716-693-1946

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MetLife Auto & Home®

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Web: Niagara-County-Central-Rotary-Club.org

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• The hydrofluoric acid leaves the surface of the glass pitted and gouged in a microscopic manner that weakens the glass so it becomes as fragile as a bird’s egg. But coating it with silica fills in the pits and gouges, strengthening the glass. The result is an even, muted glow from a sturdy bulb that diffuses light, reduces glare, and minimizes loss of light. • Pipkin walked into his boss’s office with six light bulbs. Three had been coated with just the first acid etching, and three had received the second dose of the weaker silica-based acid. He brazenly dropped the first three bulbs on his boss’s desk, where they shattered, scattering glass all over the desk. Then he dropped the next three bulbs, and none of them broke. He drove his point home by picking up those three bulbs and dropping them directly onto the floor of the office, where they bounced instead of breaking. • This identical process had long been used in the creation of photographic equipment, but no one had ever applied the process to light bulbs. Because of its previous use in photography, Marvin Pipkin’s patent was denied. Nevertheless, his discovery revolutionized the lighting industry. • Marvin Pipkin had succeeded in creating a strong frosted light bulb with nearly perfect light diffusion, an important milestone in the history of lighting. He was subsequently awarded the time-honored and prestigious Charles Coffin award for his invention. • Pipkin later went on to invent what we now call the soft white bulb, and then played a role in the creation of the photo flash bulb. He retired in 1954. By the time he died in 1977 at the age of 79, he had seen the world of light bulbs utterly transformed, all because of a phone call.

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Differences

1. Fence is missing. 2. Hair is different. 3. Starfish is missing. 4. Arm is moved. 5. Swimming tube is missing. 6. Sail is different.

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