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rom the vast plains of the Serengeti to historic cities such as Vienna, Lima and Kyoto; from the prehistoric rock art on the Iberian Peninsula to the Statue of Liberty; from the Kasbah of Algiers to the Imperial Palace in Beijing — all of these places, as varied as they are, have one thing in common. All are World Heritage sites of outstanding cultural or natural value to humanity and are worthy of protection for future generations to know and enjoy.
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Dotted line represents approximately the Line of Control in Jammu and Kashmir agreed upon by India and Pakistan. The final status of Jammu and Kashmir has not yet been agreed upon by the parties.
Number indicates site order by year of inscription within each country. See country index on back side of map for site listings. Only States Parties to the World Heritage Convention are labeled on this map. United Nations (UN) country boundaries shown as of October 2006 http://whc.unesco.org www.hp.com www.nationalgeographic.com
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The designations employed and the presentation of material on this map do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of UNESCO and National Geographic Society concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries.
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Key Cultural property Natural property Mixed property (cultural and natural) Transnational property Property currently inscribed on the List of World Heritage in Danger
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The World Heritage emblem symbolizes the interdependence of the world’s natural and cultural diversity. The central square represents the achievements of human skill and inspiration, and the circle celebrates the gifts of nature. The emblem is round, like the world, a symbol of global protection for the heritage of all humankind.
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World Heritage sites are inscribed on the List on the basis of their merits as forming a significant contribution to the cultural and natural heritage of the world. Their outstanding universal value is considered to go beyond national boundaries and to be of importance for future generations.
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Cultural heritage refers to monuments, buildings and sites with historical, aesthetic, archaeological, scientific, ethnological or anthropological value. Natural heritage refers to outstanding physical, biological or geological features and includes habitats of threatened species, as well as areas with scientific, environmental or aesthetic value. Mixed sites have both cultural and natural values.
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Conserving the diversity of life on Earth is critical to global human welfare. With the support of the World Heritage Convention, the most important biodiversity sites receive international recognition as well as technical and financial assistance to deal with threats such as agricultural encroachment, alien species and poaching.
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Worldwide, 96 World Heritage forests protect more than 73 million hectares of woodland. This accounts for 1.9 percent of the global forest cover and about 13 percent of the surface area of all protected forests on the planet.
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United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization, at its General Conference, Paris, 16 November 1972
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EXTRACTS … parts of the cultural or natural heritage are of outstanding interest and therefore need to be preserved as part of the world heritage of humankind as a whole.
In the warm sapphire waters surrounding the 250 km Belize Barrier Reef—largest in the Western Hemisphere—shimmering mahogany snappers are among 500 species of fish, as well as threatened sea turtles, crocodiles, and manatees, which find refuge in a lush garden of coral, mangrove forests and estuaries.
… [with] the magnitude and gravity of the new dangers threatening… [the world’s heritage], it is incumbent on the international community as a whole to participate in the protection of the cultural and natural heritage of outstanding universal value…
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An Intergovernmental Committee for the Protection of the Cultural and Natural Heritage of Outstanding Universal Value, called “the World Heritage Committee”, is… established within UNESCO. ... the Committee shall establish… under the title of "World Heritage List", a list of the properties forming part of the cultural heritage and natural heritage... which it considers as having outstanding universal value...
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The World Heritage Sustainable Tourism Programme helps visitors discover World Heritage sites while encouraging respect of the environment and local cultures and enhancing community livelihoods.
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The World Heritage Marine Programme helps countries nominate marine sites and manage them effectively to ensure that they will thrive for future generations. There are currently 32 marine sites on the World Heritage List.
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Photo credits (left to right): Brandon Cole; Kevin Schafer / Getty Images; Frank Krahmer / zefa / CORBIS; Free Agents Limited / CORBIS; Ariadne Van Zandbergen / Getty Images; Dave Bartruff / CORBIS; Robert Harding Picture Library Ltd / Alamy; Jon Arnold Images / DanitaDelimont.com; Justin Lightley / Getty Images
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In the rugged terrain of Argentina’s Los Glaciares National Park at the tip of South America lies the sculpted blue and white icescape of the Moreno Glacier, one of dozens of glaciers in the park, which encompasses the 14,000 km2 Patagonian Ice Field, the largest outside Antarctica.
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Convention concerning the Protection of the World Cultural and Natural Heritage, adopted by the
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The Earthen Architecture Conservation Programme works toward conserving and revitalizing earthen architecture, which is threatened by natural disasters and industrialization. Currently, some one hundred properties on the World Heritage List are partially or totally built with earth.
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Christian pilgrims gather around the cruciform roof of St George’s, one of eleven churches hewn into the red rock of Ethiopia’s volcanic plateau in the twelfth century under devout King Lalibela. Preserved as a World Heritage site since 1978, Lalibela’s churches are now threatened by erosion.
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The immense stone moai that guard the coast of Chile’s Rapa Nui National Park (Easter Island) keep the secrets of a Polynesian society that settled on these volcanic islands around A.D. 300 and erected hundreds of monoliths from the tenth to the sixteenth centuries.
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On a cliff above the St Lawrence River, the Historic District of Québec, Canada, founded in 1608 as an outpost for exploration and defence, became the religious and administrative heart of New France and remained a vital center of the fur trade under British rule. The only walled city north of Mexico, Old Québec preserves 4.5 km of ramparts and architecture spanning four centuries.
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The Geirangerfjord, one of the West Norwegian Fjords, is among the world’s longest, deepest and most pristine, flowing between sheer 1,400 m rock walls punctuated by waterfalls and evergreen forests.
The coral stone and mangrove wood architecture of Lamu Old Town blends influences from Africa, Asia and Europe, a legacy of more than 700 years of continuous settlement in the thriving Kenyan port, a centre of Swahili culture and Islamic studies.
The intricate lace-like brickwork of Afghanistan’s soaring 65 m Minaret of Jam, erected in the late twelfth century, is a hallmark of the region’s Islamic architecture. The tower and surrounding remains, threatened by war and looting, were added to the List of World Heritage in Danger in 2002.
For 2,000 years the Ifugao have planted terraced rice fields in the Philippine Cordilleras of Luzon Island, but today ancient ties between land and people are severing as the young abandon mountain villages, threatening the future existence of the emerald terraces.
Glowing in reflected morning light, the unique interlocking shells of the Sydney Opera House protect two concert halls and symbolize the modern sensibility of twentieth-century Australia. Completed in 1973, it became a World Heritage site in 2007 for its architectural and structural innovations.
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CROATIA 1992
; Historic Centre of Avignon: Papal Palace,
q Old City of Dubrovnik w Historical Complex of Split with the Palace of e r t y
CUBA 1981 q Old Havana and its Fortifications w Trinidad and the Valley de los Ingenios e San Pedro de la Roca Castle, Santiago de Cuba r Desembarco del Granma National Park t Viñales Valley y Archaeological Landscape of the First Coffee Plantations in the South-East of Cuba u Alejandro de Humboldt National Park i Urban Historic Centre of Cienfuegos
World Heritage Convention
he United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) works with countries around the world to identify and protect cultural and natural places that merit recognition as part of the common heritage of humankind. UNESCO adopted the Convention concerning the Protection of the World Cultural and Natural Heritage in 1972. Since then, 184 countries have ratified the treaty, and at present 851 properties are inscribed on the List — 660 of which are cultural, 166 natural and 25 mixed (a combination of the two). They are noted here in alphabetical order by country and in the order they were listed. Ha Long Bay, Viet Nam Andrew Gunners / Getty Images
KEY q q q A q
Cultural property Natural property Mixed property (cultural and natural) Transnational property Property in danger
1979 Year in which each of the 184 States Parties adhered to the World Heritage Convention A variety of dangers due to natural causes or human intervention are constantly threatening World Heritage. As a result, 30 properties (in bold on the list) are currently inscribed on the List of World Heritage in Danger and are thus entitled to particular attention and emergency conservation action. AFGHANISTAN 1979 q Minaret and Archaeological Remains of Jam w Cultural Landscape and Archaeological Remains of the Bamiyan Valley ALBANIA 1989 q Butrint w Museum-City of Gjirokastra ALGERIA 1974 q Al Qal’a of Beni Hammad w Tassili n’Ajjer e M’Zab Valley r Djémila t Tipasa y Timgad u Kasbah of Algiers ANDORRA 1997 q Madriu-Perafita-Claror Valley ANGOLA 1991 ANTIGUA AND BARBUDA 1983 ARGENTINA 1978 q Los Glaciares w Iguazu National Park e Península Valdés r Cueva de las Manos, Río Pinturas t Ischigualasto / Talampaya Natural Parks y Jesuit Block and Estancias of Córdoba u Quebrada de Humahuaca ARMENIA 1993 q Monasteries of Haghpat and Sanahin w Cathedral and Churches of Echmiatsin and the Archaeological Site of Zvartnots e Monastery of Geghard and the Upper Azat Valley AUSTRALIA 1974 q Kakadu National Park w Great Barrier Reef e Willandra Lakes Region r Tasmanian Wilderness t Lord Howe Island Group
BAHRAIN 1991 q Qal’at al-Bahrain — Ancient Harbour and Capital of Dilmun BANGLADESH 1983 q Historic Mosque City of Bagerhat w Ruins of the Buddhist Vihara at Paharpur e The Sundarbans BARBADOS 2002 BELARUS 1988 q Mir Castle Complex w Architectural, Residential and Cultural Complex of the Radziwill Family at Nesvizh
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Gondwana Rainforests of Australia Uluru-Kata Tjuta National Park Wet¯Tropics of ¯Queensland Shark Bay, Western Australia Fraser Island Australian Fossil Mammal Sites (Riversleigh / Naracoorte) Heard and McDonald Islands Macquarie Island Greater Blue Mountains Area Purnululu National Park Royal Exhibition Building and Carlton Gardens Sydney Opera House
AUSTRIA 1992 q Historic Centre of Salzburg w Palace and Gardens of Schönbrunn e Hallstatt-Dachstein Salzkammergut Cultural Landscape r Semmering Railway t City of Graz — Historic Centre y Wachau Cultural Landscape u Historic Centre of Vienna AZERBAIJAN 1993 q Walled City of Baku with the Shirvanshah’s Palace and Maiden Tower w Gobustan Rock Art Cultural Landscape
CANADA 1976 q L’Anse aux Meadows National Historic Site w Nahanni National Park e Dinosaur Provincial Park r SG _ang Gwaay t Head-Smashed-In Buffalo Jump y Wood Buffalo National Park u Canadian Rocky Mountain Parks i Historic District of Old Québec o Gros Morne National Park p Old Town Lunenburg a Miguasha National Park s Rideau Canal
CYPRUS 1975 q Paphos w Painted Churches in the Troodos Region e Choirokoitia CZECH REPUBLIC 1993 q Historic Centre of Prague ˇesk´ w Historic Centre of C y Krumlov e Historic Centre of Telˇ c r Pilgrimage Church of St John of Nepomuk at Zelená Hora t Kutná Hora: Historical Town Centre with the Church of St Barbara and the Cathedral of Our Lady of Sedlec y Lednice-Valtice Cultural Landscape u Holaˇ sovice Historical Village Reservation i Gardens and Castle at Kromˇ eˇríˇz o Litomyˇ sl Castle p Holy Trinity Column in Olomouc a Tugendhat Villa in Brno s Jewish Quarter and St Procopius’ Basilica in Tˇ rebíˇc DEM. PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF KOREA 1998 q Complex of Koguryo Tombs DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF THE CONGO 1974 q Virunga National Park w Garamba National Park e Kahuzi-Biega National Park r Salonga National Park t Okapi Wildlife Reserve
BELGIUM 1996 q La Grand-Place, Brussels w Flemish Béguinages e The Four Lifts on the Canal du Centre and their Environs, La Louvière and Le Roeulx (Hainault) r Historic Centre of Brugge t Major Town Houses of the Architect Victor Horta (Brussels) y Neolithic Flint Mines at Spiennes (Mons) u Notre-Dame Cathedral in Tournai i Plantin-Moretus House-Workshops-Museum Complex
BENIN 1982 q Royal Palaces of Abomey BHUTAN 2001 BOLIVIA 1976 q City of Potosí w Jesuit Missions of the Chiquitos e Historic City of Sucre r Fuerte de Samaipata t Tiwanaku: Spiritual and Political Centre of the Tiwanaku Culture y Noel Kempff Mercado National Park
BOTSWANA 1998 q Tsodilo BRAZIL 1977 q Historic Town of Ouro Preto w Historic Centre of the Town of Olinda e Historic Centre of Salvador de Bahia r Sanctuary of Bom Jesus do Congonhas t Iguaçu National Park y Brasilia u Serra da Capivara National Park i Historic Centre of São Luís o Discovery Coast Atlantic Forest Reserves p Atlantic Forest South-East Reserves a Historic Centre of the Town of Diamantina
John Warburton-Lee / DanitaDelimont.com
s Central Amazon Conservation Complex d Pantanal Conservation Area f Cerrado Protected Areas: Chapada dos Veadeiros
and Emas National Parks g Brazilian Atlantic Islands: Fernando de Noronha and Atol das Rocas Reserves h Historic Centre of the Town of Goiás
CAPE VERDE 1988 CENTRAL AFRICAN REPUBLIC 1980 q Manovo-Gounda St Floris National Park
CHILE 1980 q Rapa Nui National Park w Churches of Chiloé e Historic Quarter of the Seaport City of Valparaíso r Humberstone and Santa Laura Saltpeter Works t Sewell Mining Town CHINA 1985 q Mount Taishan w The Great Wall e Imperial Palaces of the Ming and Qing Dynasties in Beijing and Shenyang r Mogao Caves t Mausoleum of the First Qin Emperor y Peking Man Site at Zhoukoudian u Mount Huangshan i Jiuzhaigou Valley Scenic and Historic Interest Area o Huanglong Scenic and Historic Interest Area p Wulingyuan Scenic and Historic Interest Area a Mountain Resort and its Outlying Temples, Chengde s Temple and Cemetery of Confucius and the Kong Family Mansion in Qufu d Ancient Building Complex in the Wudang Mountains f Historic Ensemble of the Potala Palace, Lhasa g Lushan National Park h Mount Emei Scenic Area, including Leshan Giant Buddha Scenic Area j Ancient City of Ping Yao k Classical Gardens of Suzhou l Old Town of Lijiang ; Temple of Heaven: an Imperial Sacrificial Altar in Beijing z Summer Palace, an Imperial Garden in Beijing 22 Mount Wuyi 2# Dazu Rock Carvings 2$ Mount Qingcheng and the Dujiangyan Irrigation System 2% Ancient Villages in Southern Anhui — Xidi and Hongcun 2^ Longmen Grottoes 2& Imperial Tombs of the Ming and Qing Dynasties 2* Yungang Grottoes 2( Three Parallel Rivers of Yunnan Protected Areas 3) Capital Cities and Tombs of the Ancient Koguryo Kingdom x Historic Centre of Macao 3@ Sichuan Giant Panda Sanctuary — Wolong, Mt. Siguniang, and Jiajin Mountains 3# Yin Xu 3$ Kaiping Diaolou and Villages 3% South China Karst
BULGARIA 1974 q Boyana Church w Madara Rider e Thracian Tomb of Kazanlak r Rock-Hewn Churches of Ivanovo t Ancient City of Nessebar y Rila Monastery u Srebarna Nature Reserve i Pirin National Park o Thracian Tomb of Sveshtari
COLOMBIA 1983 q Port, Fortresses and Group of Monuments, Cartagena w Los Katios National Park e Historic Centre of Santa Cruz de Mompox r National Archaeological Park of Tierradentro t San Agustín Archaeological Park y Malpelo Fauna and Flora Sanctuary
BURKINA FASO 1987
CONGO 1987
BURUNDI 1982 CAMBODIA 1991 q Angkor CAMEROON 1982 q Dja Faunal Reserve
Livio Sinibaldi / Getty Images
Historic Centre of Prague, Czech Republic
CHAD 1999 BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA 1993 q Old Bridge Area of the Old City of Mostar w Mehmed Paˇ sa Sokolovi´c Bridge in Viˇsegrad
z 2@ 2# 2$ 2% 2^ 2& 2* 2(
GABON 1986 q Ecosystem and Relict Cultural Landscape of LopéOkanda GAMBIA 1987 q James Island and Related Sites GEORGIA 1992 q Historical Monuments of Mtskheta w Bagrati Cathedral and Gelati Monastery e Upper Svaneti GERMANY 1976 q Aachen Cathedral w Speyer Cathedral e Würzburg Residence with the Court Gardens and Residence Square r Pilgrimage Church of Wies t Castles of Augustusburg and Falkenlust at Brühl y St Mary’s Cathedral and St Michael’s Church at Hildesheim u Roman Monuments, Cathedral of St Peter and Church of Our Lady in Trier i Hanseatic City of Lübeck o Palaces and Parks of Potsdam and Berlin p Abbey and Altenmünster of Lorsch a Mines of Rammelsberg and Historic Town of Goslar s Town of Bamberg d Maulbronn Monastery Complex f Collegiate Church, Castle and Old Town of Quedlinburg g Völklingen Ironworks h Messel Pit Fossil Site j Cologne Cathedral k Bauhaus and its Sites in Weimar and Dessau l Luther Memorials in Eisleben and Wittenberg ; Classical Weimar z Wartburg Castle 2@ Museumsinsel (Museum Island), Berlin 2# Monastic Island of Reichenau 2$ Garden Kingdom of Dessau-Wörlitz 2% Zollverein Coal Mine Industrial Complex in Essen 2^ Historic Centres of Stralsund and Wismar 2& Upper Middle Rhine Valley 28 Dresden Elbe Valley 2( Town Hall and Roland on the Marketplace of Bremen 3) Old Town of Regensburg with Stadtamhof GHANA 1975 q Forts and Castles, Volta Greater Accra, Central and Western Regions w Asante Traditional Buildings
BELIZE 1990 q Belize Barrier Reef Reserve System
Old Bridge Area of the Old City of Mostar, Bosnia and Herzegovina
y u i o p a
Diocletian Plitvice Lakes National Park Episcopal Complex of the Euphrasian Basilica in the Historic Centre of Poreˇc Historic City of Trogir Cathedral of St James in ˇSibenik
Episcopal Ensemble and Avignon Bridge Canal du Midi Historic Fortified City of Carcassonne Historic Site of Lyons Routes of Santiago de Compostela in France Jurisdiction of Saint-Emilion Loire Valley between Sully-sur-Loire and Chalonnes Provins, Town of Medieval Fairs Le Havre, the City Rebuilt by Auguste Perret Bordeaux, Port of the Moon
COMOROS 2000
COSTA RICA 1977 q Cocos Island National Park w Area de Conservación Guanacaste CÔTE D’IVOIRE 1981 q Taï National Park w Comoé National Park
DENMARK 1979 q Jelling Mounds, Runic Stones and Church w Roskilde Cathedral e Kronborg Castle r Ilulissat Icefjord DOMINICA 1995 q Morne Trois Pitons National Park DOMINICAN REPUBLIC 1985 q Colonial City of Santo Domingo ECUADOR 1975 q Galápagos Islands w City of Quito e Sangay National Park r Historic Centre of Santa Ana de los Ríos de Cuenca
GREECE 1981 q Temple of Apollo Epicurius at Bassae w Archaeological Site of Delphi e Acropolis, Athens r Mount Athos t Meteora y Paleochristian and Byzantine Monuments of Thessalonika u Sanctuary of Asklepios at Epidaurus i Medieval City of Rhodes o Archaeological Site of Mystras p Archaeological Site of Olympia a Delos s Monasteries of Daphni, Hosios Loukas and Nea Moni of Chios d Pythagoreion and Heraion of Samos f Archaeological Site of Aigai (modern name Vergina) g Archaeological Sites of Mycenae and Tiryns h Historic Centre (Chorá) with the Monastery of Saint John “the Theologian” and the Cave of the Apocalypse on the Island of Pátmos j Old Town of Corfu GRENADA 1998 GUATEMALA 1979 q Tikal National Park w Antigua Guatemala e Archaeological Park and Ruins of Quirigua GUINEA 1979
EGYPT 1974 q Memphis and its Necropolis — the Pyramid Fields from Giza to Dahshur w Ancient Thebes with its Necropolis e Nubian Monuments from Abu Simbel to Philae r Historic Cairo t Abu Mena y Saint Catherine Area u Wadi Al-Hitan (Whale Valley) EL SALVADOR 1991 q Joya de Cerén Archaeological Site ERITREA 2001 ESTONIA 1995 q Historic Centre (Old Town) of Tallinn ETHIOPIA 1977 q Simien National Park w Rock-Hewn Churches, Lalibela e Fasil Ghebbi, Gondar Region r Lower Valley of the Awash t Tiya y Aksum u Lower Valley of the Omo i Harar Jugol, the Fortified Historical Town
GUINEA-BISSAU 2006 GUYANA 1977 HAITI 1980 q National History Park — Citadel, Sans Souci, Ramiers HOLY SEE 1982 q Vatican City HONDURAS 1979 q Maya Site of Copan w Río Plátano Biosphere Reserve HUNGARY 1985 q Budapest, including the Banks of the Danube, the Buda Castle Quarter and Andrássy Avenue
y u i o p a s d f g h j k l ; z 2@ 2# 2$ 2% 2^
INDONESIA 1989 q Borobudur Temple Compounds w Ujung Kulon National Park e Komodo National Park r Prambanan Temple Compounds t Sangiran Early Man Site y Lorentz National Park u Tropical Rainforest Heritage of Sumatra IRAN (Islamic Republic of) 1975 q Tchogha Zanbil w Persepolis e Meidan Emam, Esfahan r Takht-e Soleyman t Pasargadae y Bam and its Cultural Landscape u Soltaniyeh i Bisotun IRAQ 1974 q Hatra w Ashur (Qal’at Sherqat) e Samarra Archaeological City
POLAND 1976 q Cracow’s Historic Centre w Wieliczka Salt Mine e Auschwitz Birkenau German Nazi Concentration and Extermination Camp (1940-1945) r Historic Centre of Warsaw t Old City of Zamo´ s´c y Medieval Town of Toru´ n u Castle of the Teutonic Order in Malbork i Kalwaria Zebrzydowska: the Mannerist Architecture and Park Landscape Complex and Pilgrimage Park o Churches of Peace in Jawor and Swidnica p Wooden Churches of Southern Little Poland a Centennial Hall in Wroclaw
Rainforests of the Atsinanana, Madagascar
d Shiretoko f Iwami Ginzan Silver Mine and its Cultural
Landscape
IRELAND 1991 q Archaeological Ensemble of the Bend of the Boyne w Skellig Michael
ISRAEL 1999 q Masada w Old City of Acre e White City of Tel-Aviv — the Modern Movement r Biblical Tels — Megiddo, Hazor, Beer Sheba t Incense Route — Desert Cities in the Negev ITALY 1978 q Rock Drawings in Valcamonica w Church and Domincan Convent of Santa Maria delle Grazie with “The Last Supper” by Leonardo da Vinci e Historic Centre of Florence r Venice and its Lagoon t Piazza del Duomo, Pisa y Historic Centre of San Gimignano u The Sassi and the Park of the Rupestrian Churches of Matera i City of Vicenza and the Palladian Villas of the Veneto o Historic Centre of Siena p Historic Centre of Naples a Crespi d’Adda s Ferrara, City of the Renaissance and its Po Delta d Castel del Monte f The trulli of Alberobello g Early Christian Monuments of Ravenna h Historic Centre of the City of Pienza j 18th-Century Royal Palace at Caserta with the Park, the Aqueduct of Vanvitelli and San Leucio Complex k Residences of the Royal House of Savoy l Botanical Garden (Orto Botanico), Padua ; Cathedral, Torre Civica and Piazza Grande, Modena z Archaeological Areas of Pompei, Herculanum and Torre Annunziata 2@ Villa Romana del Casale 2# Su Nuraxi di Barumini 2$ Portovenere, Cinque Terre and the Islands (Palmaria, Tino and Tinetto) 2% Costiera Amalfitana 2^ Archaeological Area of Agrigento 2& Archaeological Area and the Patriarchal Basilica of Aquileia 2* Cilento and Vallo di Diano National Park with the Archaeological Sites of Paestum and Velia and the Certosa de Padula 2( Historic Centre of Urbino 3) Villa Adriana (Tivoli) x City of Verona 3@ Isole Eolie (Aeolian Islands) 3# Assisi, the Basilica of San Francesco and other Franciscan Sites 3$ Villa d’Este, Tivoli 3% Late Baroque Towns of the Val di Noto (SouthEastern Sicily) 3^ Sacri Monti of Piedmont and Lombardy 3& Etruscan Necropolises of Cerveteri and Tarquinia 3* Val d’Orcia 3( Syracuse and the Rocky Necropolis of Pantalica 4) Genoa: The Strade Nuove and the system of the Palazzi dei Rolli JAMAICA 1983
JERUSALEM (Site proposed by Jordan) q Old City of Jerusalem and its Walls
KAZAKHSTAN 1994 q Mausoleum of Khoja Ahmed Yasawi w Petroglyphs within the Archaeological Landscape of Tamgaly
KIRIBATI 2000 KUWAIT 2002 KYRGYZSTAN 1995 LAO PEOPLE’S DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC 1987 q Town of Luang Prabang w Vat Phou and Associated Ancient Settlements within the Champasak Cultural Landscape
LEBANON 1983 q Anjar w Baalbek e Byblos r Tyre t Ouadi Qadisha (the Holy Valley) and the Forest of the Cedars of God (Horsh Arz el-Rab)
its Natural Environment r Hortobágy National Park — the Puszta t Early Christian Necropolis of Pécs (Sopianae) y Tokaj Wine Region Historic Cultural Landscape
ICELAND 1995 q l)ingvellir National Park INDIA 1977 q Ajanta Caves w Ellora Caves e Agra Fort r Taj Mahal t Sun Temple, Konârak
JAPAN 1992 q Buddhist Monuments in the Horyu-ji Area w Himeji-jo e Yakushima r Shirakami-Sanchi t Historic Monuments of Ancient Kyoto (Kyoto, Uji and Otsu Cities) y Historic Villages of Shirakawa-go and Gokayama u Hiroshima Peace Memorial (Genbaku Dome) i Itsukushima Shinto Shrine o Historic Monuments of Ancient Nara p Shrines and Temples of Nikko a Gusuku Sites and Related Properties of the Kingdom of Ryukyu s Sacred Sites and Pilgrimage Routes in the Kii Mountain Range
MICRONESIA (Fed. States of) 2002 MONACO 1978 MONGOLIA 1990 q Orkhon Valley Cultural Landscape MONTENEGRO 2006 q Natural and Culturo-Historical Region of Kotor w Durmitor National Park MOROCCO 1975 q Medina of Fez w Medina of Marrakesh e Ksar of Ait-Ben-Haddou r Historic City of Meknes t Archaeological Site of Volubilis y Medina of Tétouan (formerly known as Titawin) u Medina of Essaouira (Ancient Mogador) i Portuguese City of Mazagan (El Jadida) MOZAMBIQUE 1982 q Island of Mozambique
NAMIBIA 2000 q Twyfelfontein or /Ui-//aes NEPAL 1978 q Sagarmatha National Park w Kathmandu Valley e Royal Chitwan National Park r Lumbini, the Birthplace of the Lord Buddha
LIBYAN ARAB JAMAHIRIYA 1978 q Archaeological Site of Leptis Magna w Archaeological Site of Sabratha e Archaeological Site of Cyrene r Rock-Art Sites of Tadrart Acacus t Old Town of Ghadamès LITHUANIA 1992 q Vilnius Historic Centre w Kernav˙ e Archaeological Site (Cultural Reserve of Kernav˙ e)
NEW ZEALAND 1984 q Te Wahipounamu — South-West New Zealand w Tongariro National Park e New Zealand Sub-Antarctic Islands
LUXEMBOURG 1983
NICARAGUA 1979 q Ruins of León Viejo
LESOTHO 2003 LIBERIA 2002
q City of Luxembourg: its Old Quarters and
Fortifications MACEDONIA, FORMER YUGOSLAV REPUBLIC OF (F.Y.R.O.M.) 1997 q Natural and Cultural Heritage of the Ohrid Region MADAGASCAR 1983 q Tsingy de Bemaraha Strict Nature Reserve w Royal Hill of Ambohimanga e Rainforests of the Atsinanana MALAWI 1982 q Lake Malawi National Park w Chongoni Rock Art Area MALAYSIA 1988 q Kinabalu Park w Gunung Mulu National Park
NIGER 1974 q Air and Ténéré Natural Reserves w W National Park of Niger
PORTUGAL 1980 q Central Zone of the Town of Angra do Heroismo in the Azores w Monastery of the Hieronymites and Tower of Belém in Lisbon e Monastery of Batalha r Convent of Christ in Tomar t Historic Centre of ´ Evora y Monastery of Alcobaça u Cultural Landscape of Sintra i Historic Centre of Oporto o Prehistoric Rock-Art Sites in the Côa Valley p Laurisilva of Madeira a Alto Douro Wine Region s Historic Centre of Guimarães d Landscape of the Pico Island Vineyard Culture QATAR 1984 REPUBLIC OF KOREA 1988 q Seokguram Grotto and Bulguksa Temple w Haeinsa Temple Janggyeong Panjeon, the Depositories for the Tripitaka Koreana Woodblocks e Jongmyo Shrine r Changdeokgung Palace Complex t Hwaseong Fortress y Gyeongju Historic Areas u Gochang, Hwasun and Ganghwa Dolmen Sites i Jeju Volcanic Island and Lava Tubes REPUBLIC OF MOLDOVA 2002 ROMANIA 1990 q Danube Delta w Villages with Fortified Churches in Transylvania e Monastery of Horezu r Churches of Moldavia t Dacian Fortresses of the Orastie Mountains y Historic Centre of Sighi¸ soara u Wooden Churches of Maramure¸ s RUSSIAN FEDERATION 1988 q Historic Centre of Saint Petersburg and Related Groups of Monuments w Kizhi Pogost e Kremlin and Red Square, Moscow r Historic Monuments of Novgorod and Surroundings t Cultural and Historic Ensemble of the Solovetsky Islands y White Monuments of Vladimir and Suzdal u Architectural Ensemble of the Trinity Sergius Lavra in Sergiev Posad i Church of the Ascension, Kolomenskoye o Virgin Komi Forests p Lake Baikal a Volcanoes of Kamchatka s Golden Mountains of Altai d Western Caucasus f Historic and Architectural Complex of the Kazan Kremlin g Ensemble of Ferapontov Monastery h Central Sikhote-Alin j Citadel, Ancient City and Fortress Buildings of Derbent k Ensemble of the Novodevichy Convent l Natural System of Wrangel Island Reserve ; Historical Centre of the City of Yaroslavl RWANDA 2000 SAINT KITTS AND NEVIS 1986 q Brimstone Hill Fortress National Park
SLOVENIA 1992 ˇkocjan Caves q S SOLOMON ISLANDS 1992 q East Rennell SOUTH AFRICA 1997 q Greater St Lucia Wetland Park w Robben Island e Fossil Hominid Sites of Sterkfontein, Swartkrans, Kromdraai and Environs r uKhahlamba / Drakensberg Park t Mapungubwe Cultural Landscape y Cape Floral Region Protected Areas u Vredefort Dome i Richtersveld Cultural and Botanical Landscape SPAIN 1982 q Historic Centre of Cordoba w Alhambra, Generalife and Albayzín, Granada e Burgos Cathedral r Monastery and Site of the Escurial, Madrid t Works of Antoni Gaudí y Altamira Cave u Old Town of Segovia and its Aqueduct i Monuments of Oviedo and the Kingdom of the Asturias o Santiago de Compostela (Old Town) p Old Town of Ávila with its Extra-Muros Churches a Mudejar Architecture of Aragon s Historic City of Toledo d Garajonay National Park f Old Town of Cáceres g Cathedral, Alcázar and Archivo de Indias in Seville h Old City of Salamanca j Poblet Monastery k Archaeological Ensemble of Mérida l Royal Monastery of Santa María de Guadalupe ; Route of Santiago de Compostela z Doñana National Park 2@ Historic Walled Town of Cuenca 2# La Lonja de la Seda de Valencia 2$ Las Médulas 2% Palau de la Música Catalana and Hospital de Sant Pau, Barcelona 2^ San Millán Yuso and Suso Monasteries 2& Rock Art of the Mediterranean Basin on the Iberian Peninsula 2* University and Historic Precinct of Alcalá de Henares 29 Ibiza, Biodiversity and Culture 3) San Cristóbal de La Laguna x Archaeological Ensemble of Tárraco 3@ Palmeral of Elche 3# Roman Walls of Lugo 3$ Catalan Romanesque Churches of the Vall de Boí 3% Archaeological Site of Atapuerca 3^ Aranjuez Cultural Landscape 3& Renaissance Monumental Ensembles of Úbeda and Baeza 3* Vizcaya Bridge 3( Teide National Park SRI LANKA 1980 q Sacred City of Anuradhapura w Ancient City of Polonnaruwa e Ancient City of Sigiriya r Sinharaja Forest Reserve t Sacred City of Kandy y Old Town of Galle and its Fortifications u Golden Temple of Dambulla SUDAN 1974 q Gebel Barkal and the Sites of the Napatan Region SURINAME 1997 q Central Suriname Nature Reserve w Historic Inner City of Paramaribo SWAZILAND 2005 SWEDEN 1985 q Royal Domain of Drottningholm w Birka and Hovgården e Engelsberg Ironworks r Rock Carvings in Tanum t Skogskyrkogården y Hanseatic Town of Visby u Laponian Area i Church Village of Gammelstad, Luleå o Naval Port of Karlskrona
NIGERIA 1974 q Sukur Cultural Landscape w Osun-Osogbo Sacred Grove
MALI 1977 q Old Towns of Djenné w Timbuktu e Cliff of Bandiagara (Land of the Dogons) r Tomb of Askia
NORWAY 1977 q Urnes Stave Church w Bryggen e Røros Mining Town r Rock Art of Alta t Vegaøyan — The Vega Archipelago y West Norwegian Fjords — Geirangerfjord and Nærøyfjord
MEXICO 1984 q Sian Ka’an w Pre-Hispanic City and National Park of Palenque e Historic Centre of Mexico City and Xochimilco r Pre-Hispanic City of Teotihuacan t Historic Centre of Oaxaca and Archaeological Site of Monte Albán y Historic Centre of Puebla u Historic Town of Guanajuato and Adjacent Mines i Pre-Hispanic City of Chichén-Itzá o Historic Centre of Morelia p El Tajín, Pre-Hispanic City a Whale Sanctuary of El Vizcaíno s Historic Centre of Zacatecas d Rock Paintings of the Sierra de San Francisco f Earliest 16th-Century Monasteries on the Slopes of Popocatepetl g Pre-Hispanic Town of Uxmal h Historic Monuments Zone of Querétaro j Hospicio Cabañas, Guadalajara k Archaeological Zone of Paquimé, Casas Grandes l Historic Monuments Zone of Tlacotalpán ; Archaeological Monuments Zone of Xochicalco z Historic Fortified Town of Campeche 2@ Ancient Maya City of Calakmul, Campeche 2# Franciscan Missions in the Sierra Gorda of Querétaro
OMAN 1981 q Bahla Fort w Archaeological Sites of Bat, Al-Khutm and Al-Ayn e Land of Frankincense r Aflaj Irrigation Systems of Oman PAKISTAN 1976 q Archaeological Ruins at Moenjodaro w Taxila e Buddhist Ruins of Takht-i-Bahi and Neighbouring City Remains at Sahr-i-Bahlol r Historical Monuments of Thatta t Fort and Shalamar Gardens in Lahore y Rohtas Fort PALAU 2002 PANAMA 1978 q Fortifications on the Caribbean Side of Panama: Portobelo-San Lorenzo w Darien National Park e Archaeological Site of Panamá Viejo and Historic District of Panamá r Coiba National Park and its Special Zone of Marine Protection PAPUA NEW GUINEA 1997 PARAGUAY 1988 q Jesuit Missions of La Santísima Trinidad de Paraná and Jesús de Tavarangue PERU 1982 q City of Cuzco w Historic Sanctuary of Machu Picchu e Chavin (Archaeological Site) r Huascarán National Park t Chan Chan Archaeological Zone y Manú National Park u Historic Centre of Lima i Río Abiseo National Park o Lines and Geoglyphs of Nasca and Pampas de Jumana p Historical Centre of the City of Arequipa PHILIPPINES 1985 q Tubbataha Reef Marine Park w Baroque Churches of the Philippines e Rice Terraces of the Philippine Cordilleras
w e r t y u i
Site of Carthage Amphitheatre of El Jem Ichkeul National Park Punic Town of Kerkuane and its Necropolis Medina of Sousse Kairouan Dougga / Thugga
TURKEY 1983 q Historic Areas of Istanbul w Göreme National Park and the Rock Sites of Cappadocia e Great Mosque and Hospital of Divriˇ gi r Hattusha: the Hittite Capital t Nemrut Daˇ g y Xanthos-Letoon u Hierapolis-Pamukkale i City of Safranbolu o Archaeological Site of Troy TURKMENISTAN 1994 q State Historical and Cultural Park “Ancient Merv” w Kunya-Urgench e Parthian Fortresses of Nisa UGANDA 1987 q Bwindi Impenetrable National Park w Rwenzori Mountains National Park e Tombs of Buganda Kings at Kasubi
Pitons Management Area, Saint Lucia
SAINT LUCIA 1991 q Pitons Management Area
Robert Harding Picture Library Ltd / Alamy
p Agricultural Landscape of Southern Öland a Mining Area of the Great Copper Mountain in
Falun s Varberg Radio Station
SAINT VINCENT AND THE GRENADINES 2003 SAMOA 2001 SAN MARINO 1991 SAO TOME AND PRINCIPE 2006 SAUDI ARABIA 1978 SENEGAL 1976 q Island of Gorée 2 Niokolo-Koba National Park e Djoudj National Bird Sanctuary r Island of Saint-Louis SERBIA 2001 q Stari Ras and Sopo´ cani w Studenica Monastery 3 Medieval Monuments in Kosovo r Gamzigrad-Romuliana, Palace of Galerius SEYCHELLES 1980 q Aldabra Atoll w Vallée de Mai Nature Reserve
SWITZERLAND 1975 q Convent of St Gall w Benedictine Convent of St John at Müstair e Old City of Berne r Three Castles, Defensive Wall and Ramparts of the Market-Town of Bellinzone t Jungfrau-Aletsch-Bietschhorn y Monte San Giorgio u Lavaux, Vineyard Terraces SYRIAN ARAB REPUBLIC 1975 q Ancient City of Damascus w Ancient City of Bosra e Site of Palmyra r Ancient City of Aleppo t Crac des Chevaliers and Qal’at Salah El-Din TAJIKISTAN 1992 THAILAND 1987 q Historic Town of Sukhothai w Historic City of Ayutthaya e Thungyai-Huai Kha Khaeng Wildlife Sanctuaries r Ban Chiang Archaeological Site t Dong Phayayen–Khao Yai Forest Complex
SIERRA LEONE 2005 SLOVAKIA 1993 q Vlkolínec ˇtiavnica and the Technical w Historic Town of Banská S Monuments in its Vicinity e Spiˇ ssk´y Hrad and its Associated Cultural Monuments r Bardejov Town Conservation Reserve
TOGO 1998 q Koutammakou, the Land of the Batammariba TONGA 2004 TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO 2005 TUNISIA 1975 q Medina of Tunis
ZIMBABWE 1982 q Mana Pools National Park, Sapi and Chewore Safari Areas w Great Zimbabwe National Monument e Khami Ruins National Monument r Matobo Hills
Transnational Sites Twenty properties are nominated and managed by more than one State Party. ARGENTINA and BRAZIL A Jesuit Missions of the Guaranis AUSTRIA and HUNGARY B Fertö / Neusiedlersee Cultural Landscape BELARUS and POLAND ⁄ C Belovezhskaya Pushcha / Bia lowie˙ za Forest BELARUS / ESTONIA / FINLAND / LATVIA / LITHUANIA / NORWAY / REPUBLIC OF MOLDOVA / RUSSIAN FEDERATION / SWEDEN / UKRAINE D Struve Geodetic Arc BELGIUM and FRANCE E Belfries of Belgium and France
Site of Palmyra, Syrian Arab Republic
Peter Weld / Panoramic Images
UKRAINE 1988 q Kiev: Saint-Sophia Cathedral and Related Monastic Buildings, Kiev-Pechersk Lavra w L’viv — the Ensemble of the Historic Centre
CANADA and UNITED STATES OF AMERICA F Kluane / Wrangell-St Elias / Glacier Bay / Tatshenshini-Alsek G Waterton Glacier International Peace Park
UNITED ARAB EMIRATES 2001
COSTA RICA and PANAMA H Talamanca Range-La Amistad Reserves / La Amistad National Park
UNITED KINGDOM OF GREAT BRITAIN AND NORTHERN IRELAND 1984 q Giant’s Causeway and Causeway Coast w Durham Castle and Cathedral e Ironbridge Gorge r Studley Royal Park including the Ruins of Fountains Abbey t Stonehenge, Avebury and Associated Sites y Castles and Town Walls of King Edward in Gwynedd u St Kilda i Blenheim Palace o City of Bath p Westminster Palace, Westminster Abbey and Saint Margaret’s Church a Henderson Island s Tower of London d Canterbury Cathedral, St Augustine’s Abbey and St Martin’s Church f Old and New Towns of Edinburgh g Gough and Inaccessible Islands h Maritime Greenwich j Heart of Neolithic Orkney k Historic Town of St George and Related Fortifications, Bermuda l Blaenavon Industrial Landscape ; Dorset and East Devon Coast z Derwent Valley Mills 2@ New Lanark 2# Saltaire 2$ Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew 2% Liverpool — Maritime Mercantile City 2^ Cornwall and West Devon Mining Landscape UNITED REPUBLIC OF TANZANIA 1977 q Ngorongoro Conservation Area w Ruins of Kilwa Kisiwani and Ruins of Songo Mnara e Serengeti National Park r Selous Game Reserve t Kilimanjaro National Park y Stone Town of Zanzibar u Kondoa Rock Art Sites
NIUE 2001
MALDIVES 1986
MAURITIUS 1995 q Aapravasi Ghat
w Old Village of Hollók˝o and its Surroundings e Millenary Benedictine Abbey of Pannonhalma and
of Tequila 2& Central University City Campus of the Universidad
NETHERLANDS 1992 q Schokland and Surroundings w Defence Line of Amsterdam e Mill Network at Kinderdijk-Elshout r Historical Area of Willemstad, Inner City and Harbour, Netherlands Antilles t Ir.D.F. Woudagemaal (D.F. Wouda Steam Pumping Station) y Droogmakerij de Beemster (Beemster Polder) u Rietveld Schröderhuis (Rietveld Schröder House)
MAURITANIA 1981 q Banc d’Arguin National Park w Ancient Ksour of Ouadane, Chinguetti, Tichitt and Oualata
Theo Allofs / CORBIS
California
MYANMAR 1994 LATVIA 1995 q Historic Centre of Riga
MARSHALL ISLANDS 2002
Komodo National Park, Indonesia
2$ Luis Barragán House and Studio 2% Islands and Protected Areas of the Gulf of
Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM) JORDAN 1975 q Petra w Quseir Amra e Um er-Rasas (Kastrom Mefa’a)
MALTA 1978 q Hal Saflieni Hypogeum w City of Valletta e Megalithic Temples of Malta
FINLAND 1987 q Old Rauma w Fortress of Suomenlinna e Petäjävesi Old Church r Verla Groundwood and Board Mill t Bronze Age Burial Site of Sammallahdenmäki
Pete Oxford / Minden Pictures
2^ Agave Landscape and Ancient Industrial Facilities
KENYA 1991 q Mount Kenya National Park / Natural Forest w Lake Turkana National Parks e Lamu Old Town
FIJI 1990
FRANCE 1975 q Mont-Saint-Michel and its Bay w Chartres Cathedral e Palace and Park of Versailles r Vézelay, Church and Hill t Prehistoric Sites and Decorated Caves of the Vézère Valley y Palace and Park of Fontainebleau u Amiens Cathedral i Roman Theatre and its Surroundings and the “Triumphal Arch” of Orange o Arles, Roman and Romanesque Monuments p Cistercian Abbey of Fontenay a Royal Saltworks of Arc-et-Senans s Place Stanislas, Place de la Carrière and Place d’Alliance in Nancy d Abbey Church of Saint-Savin sur Gartempe f Gulf of Porto: Calanche of Piana, Gulf of Girolata, Scandola Reserve g Pont du Gard (Roman Aqueduct) h Strasbourg — Grande Île j Paris, Banks of the Seine k Cathedral of Notre-Dame, Former Abbey of Saint-Remi and Palace of Tau, Reims l Bourges Cathedral
r Puerto-Princesa Subterranean River National Park t Historic Town of Vigan
Group of Monuments at Mahabalipuram Kaziranga National Park Manas Wildlife Sanctuary Keoladeo National Park Churches and Convents of Goa Khajuraho Group of Monuments Group of Monuments at Hampi Fatehpur Sikri Group of Monuments at Pattadakal Elephanta Caves Great Living Chola Temples Sundarbans National Park Nanda Devi and Valley of Flowers National Parks Buddhist Monuments at Sanchi Humayun’s Tomb, Delhi Qutb Minar and its Monuments, Delhi Mountain Railways of India Mahabodhi Temple Complex at Bodh Gaya Rock Shelters of Bhimbetka Champaner-Pavagadh Archaeological Park Chhatrapati Shivaji Terminus (formerly Victoria Terminus) Station 2& Red Fort Complex
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA 1973 q Mesa Verde National Park w Yellowstone National Park e Grand Canyon National Park r Everglades National Park t Independence Hall y Redwood National Park u Mammoth Cave National Park i Olympic National Park o Cahokia Mounds State Historic Site p Great Smoky Mountains National Park a La Fortaleza and San Juan National Historic Site in Puerto Rico s Statue of Liberty d Yosemite National Park f Chaco Culture g Monticello and the University of Virginia in Charlottesville h Hawaii Volcanoes National Park j Pueblo de Taos k Carlsbad Caverns National Park URUGUAY 1989 q Historic Quarter of the City of Colonia del Sacramento
CÔTE D’IVOIRE and GUINEA I Mount Nimba Strict Nature Reserve FINLAND and SWEDEN J Kvarken Archipelago / High Coast FRANCE and SPAIN K Pyrénées — Mount Perdu GAMBIA and SENEGAL L Stone Circles of Senegambia GERMANY and POLAND M Muskauer Park / Park Muzakowski GERMANY and UNITED KINGDOM OF GREAT BRITAIN AND NORTHERN IRELAND N Frontiers of the Roman Empire HOLY SEE and ITALY O Historic Centre of Rome HUNGARY and SLOVAKIA P Caves of Aggtelek Karst and Slovak Karst LITHUANIA and RUSSIAN FEDERATION Q Curonian Spit MONGOLIA and RUSSIAN FEDERATION R Uvs Nuur Basin SLOVAKIA and UKRAINE S Primeval Beech Forests of the Carpathians ZAMBIA and ZIMBABWE T Mosi-oa-Tunya / Victoria Falls
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UZBEKISTAN 1993 q Itchan Kala w Historic Centre of Bukhara e Historic Centre of Shakhrisyabz r Samarkand — Crossroads of Cultures
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VANUATU 2002
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VENEZUELA 1990 q Coro and its Port w Canaima National Park e Ciudad Universitaria de Caracas VIET NAM 1987 q Complex of Hué Monuments w Ha Long Bay e Hoi An Ancient Town r My Son Sanctuary t Phong Nha-Ke Bang National Park YEMEN 1980 q Old Walled City of Shibam w Old City of Sana’a e Historic Town of Zabid ZAMBIA 1984
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