BaKhabar, August 2014

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Better light a candle than curse the darkness

Monthly e-Magazine

http://bakhabar.biharanjuman.org/

ISSN 2319-4049

BE AWARE, ALWAYS, EVERYWHERE

Volume 7, Issue 08, August 2014

What can you do in one IN FOCUS

minute

Contents

Editorial Board Publisher

Bihar Anjuman BaKhabar

Editorial Board Asrarul Haque, Seraj Akram, Mohd. Allam, Ms Farhat Shakeel and Jahanzeb Mashhadi

bakhabar@biharanjuman.org “The editors and publishers are not responsible for the views of writers, and their views do not reflect our policy or ideology in any way. We however reserve the right to edit any material submitted for publication, on account of public policy, or for reasons of clarity and space. – From Publishers.” Pictures have been taken from available public sources.

Together we can change our society.

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Bakhabar : August 2014

and whatever of ill befalls you, it is from yourself.

03

Fruits of Being Thankful to ALLAH

06

Dear anti-Muslim commenters, here is what Islam is really about 07 Sinners and Repenters:

Hopes and Assurance from Allah 10

X-Rays

12

Bloodshed in Gaza

16

Plan your Hajj Trip The Day of Eid

13 20

What can you do in one minute?

24

A

"and whatever of ill befalls you, it is from yourself.”

I By: `Abd al-`Azîz b. `Abd Allah al-Husayn I

79]

llah says: “Whatever of good befalls you, it is from Allah; and whatever of ill befalls you, it is from yourself.” [Sûrah al-Nisâ’:

This verse above and others like it outline for us an attitude that we should adopt, and that will make us better at coping with good fortune and adversity in our lives.

Some people misunderstand these verses and refer all the weal and woe of their lives to Allah being either pleased or displeased with them. Worldly prosperity is seen as a sign of Allah’s pleasure, while misfortune and loss are seen as evidence of Allah’s anger. Those who adopt this view are prone to confusion and susceptible to misguidance.

There are indeed many verses in the Qur’ân that establish a cause and effect relationship between virtue and vice on the one hand, and prosperity and ruin on the other. The following verses are representative:

“Whosoever does right, whether male or female, and is a believer, verily we shall give them a good life, and We shall pay them a recompense in proportion to the best of what they used to do.” [Sûrah al-Nahl: 97]

“What! when a misfortune befell you, and you had certainly afflicted (them) with twice as much, you began to say: Whence is this? Say: It is from yourselves. Surely Allah has power over all things.”

[Sûrah Al `Imrân: 165]

“But those who have earned evil will have a reward of like evil: ignominy shall overtake them.” [Sûrah Yûnus: 27]

These verses show us that those who engage in righteous deeds are recompensed by having their hearts grow stronger, by receiving sustenance by means that they cannot have anticipated, and by receiving great blessings in the little that they have.

By contrast, those who engage in evil deeds are pun3

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ished by becoming hard-hearted, preoccupied with worries, and by various misfortunes.

However, this must be understood in the most general of terms. It cannot be used to analyze specific circumstances and situations. Health, affluence, and a happy family life cannot be used as an indicator that Allah is pleased with a particular person, or that the person is being rewarded for his or her good deeds. These circumstances might be given to the person as a test. They might even be given to give the person trespass in his iniquity.

In some cases, they may even be a form of punishment. Allah says: “Let not their wealth nor their children dazzle you: in reality Allah’s plan is to punish them with these things in this life, and that their souls may perish in their (very) denial of Allah.”

[Sûrah al-Tawbah: 55]

The same can be said for poverty. It is not necessarily a punishment from Allah. It may actually be a mercy. There is a hadîth where it is related that the Prophet (peace be upon him) quotes Allah as saying: “Indeed, among of my servants are those whose faith cannot endure except in poverty. If I were to enrich them, they would fall into disbelief.” [Târîkh Baghdâd (6/15) – However, the hadîth is weak, as discussed by al-Albânî in al-Silsilah al-Da`îfah (1774)]

Sickness is no different. We should consider the supplication the Prophet (peace be upon him) taught us to make on behalf of a sick person: “May it be a purification, Allah willing.”

This supplication shows us that we should adopt an optimistic outlook about sickness and other misfortunes. At the same time, the fact that the Prophet (peace be upon him) has us say “Allah willing” shows us that we should not express certainty about the sickness being a purification. It might, alternatively, be a means of raising the sick person’s station in the Hereafter. It might possibly be a punishment for some sins.

Allah says: “Every soul must taste of death, and We try you with evil and with good, for ordeal. And unto Us you will be returned.” [Sûrah al-Anbiyâ’: 35]

We should look at having children in the same way.

A person may wait years to have children, or might even be sterile. This is not necessarily a punishment.

It would be wrong to even assume that it is a misfortune. It could very well be due to Allah’s mercy and His being pleased with the person. Maybe, it is a tribulation by which Allah raises the person’s status in the Hereafter. There may be a great wisdom behind Allah not granting someone children that the person will never come to know.

We should consider the incident when Khidr, while traveling with Moses (peace be upon him) , killed the young boy. Allah tells us : “So the two of them journeyed on until, when they met a lad, he slew him. (Moses) said: “What! Have you slain an innocent soul who has slain no man? Verily you have done a horrid thing’.” [Sûrah al-Kahf: 74]

There can be no doubt that the child’s parents must have thought the death of their son to be a great tragedy and misfortune. However, Khidr explains his action to Moses (peace be upon him) as follows: “And as for the lad, his parents were believers and we feared lest he should oppress them by rebellion and disbelief. And we intended that their Lord should change him for them for one better in purity and nearer to mercy.” [Sûrah al-Kahf: 80-81]

How often do we regard something that befalls us to be a great misfortune, when in fact it is really Allah showing His mercy to us. The opposite is equally true. Allah says: “Perhaps you hate a thing that is best for you, and you love a thing that is bad for you.

Allah knows, while you know not.” [Sûrah alBaqarah: 216]

Allah’s decree in the world is known to Him alone.

Therefore, it is wrong for us to take the general texts that show a cause and effect relationship between virtue and worldly consequences and try to apply them to specific people and circumstances. We should certainly not make decisive judgments about ourselves or others on such a basis, saying things like “Allah is punishing that person” or “Allah is pleased with him”.

The Prophets and the righteous people of the past were all tried with serious hardships. We cannot say that they suffered because Allah was punishing them. We can also see that Allah has granted certain sinners and unbelievers with considerable prosperity in this world. We cannot say that this shows Allah is 4

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pleased with them.

The attitude that a believer should take is to live between hope and fear. He should at all times be equally self-accusatory and conscious of Allah’s mercy and grace. The believer’s feelings of self-accusation and his awareness of his sins should be more acute when he is in health and prosperity. At times of sickness and hardship, he should grow more conscious of Allah’s mercy and His pleasure with our good deeds.

A Muslim should always be patient in adversity, thankful in prosperity. To be sure to achieve this state of mind, he should be conscious of Allah’s wisdom in testing us with every blessing and hardship.

Such a Muslim will then show fortitude in sorrow and when his means are straitened. He will not regard his misfortune as Allah disgracing him. He will, instead, accuse himself, saying: “This is on account of my sins.” He will do so in order to better himself an inculcate humility in his heart, recalling Allah’s words: “Whatever of good befalls you, it is from Allah; and whatever of ill befalls you, it is from yourself.” [Sûrah al-Nisâ’: 79] This is why we see that `Abbâs used to say “No misfortune ever befell except on account of sin.”

Others from among the Pious Predecessors used to say: “By Allah! If I committed any sin, I would see its consequences on my family and my steed.”

A Muslim who is conscious of Allah’s wisdom in testing us with every blessing and hardship will likewise show gratitude in prosperity. He will say: “This is from the grace and generosity of my Lord.” He will regard it as a test upon him.

We see Solomon (peace be upon him) saying: “This is from the bounty of my Lord, that He may try me whether I will give thanks or be ungrateful.” [Sûrah al-Naml: 40]

In this way, the Muslim will be sure to give thanks for Allah’s blessings, and he will avoid attributing those blessings to his own efforts. A believer should never bestow upon himself unmitigated praise or credit.

Allah warns us against such haughtiness in the Qur’ân: “As for man, whenever his Lord tries him by honoring him, and is gracious unto him, he says:

My Lord has honored me. But whenever He tries him by straitening his means of life, he says: My Lord despises me. Nay! (this is not the case.)”

[Sûrah al-Fajr: 15-17]

This verse shows us that we should not gauge our affairs in this way. Allah does not give us the good that He blesses us with because we are deserving of it.

He does so from His grace and bounty. He does not disgrace us when He withholds from us. Rather what He withholds from us is on account of His infinite wisdom. http://en.islamtoday.net/artshow-264-3178.htm

Son of a labourer, and daughter of road-side vendor now look forward to a bright future

s- By Bihar Anjuman Team Bihar Anjuman’s RAHBAR Coaching Centres have the honour of producing a high success rate in the 2014 diploma engineering entrance exam for MANUU, getting more than 35 students short-listed for admission. All India 2nd topper is from RCC Darbhanga, and the 4th topper is from RCC Patna.

RAHBAR Coaching centres were able to transform 33 zeroes of yesterday into heroes of today, this year, thus adding to the 67 of previous three years (6 in 2010, 16 in 2011, 18 in 2012, and 27 in 2013), taking the total to 100, now.

35 students of RAHBAR Coaching centres make history in 2014, with ShahidObaidullah of RCC Darbhanga getting 2nd All India Rank (1st in Bihar) and NahidParween of RCC @ Patna bagging the 4th All India rank in MANUU polytechnic entrance exam of 2014. In 2013, the 6th rank was bagged by 5

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RCC Patna student, Khadija Mastoor, while there were 4 students in top 50.

RCC Muzaffarpur took RCC movement to new heights by getting 12 of its students in the qualifying list of same all India exam.

Six (6) of the top 50 ranks have been bagged by RCCs managed by Bihar Anjuman, three of these by RCC Muzaffarpur alone. Thanks to the exceptional efforts of JanabShoaib Khan Sb, IPS, who has devoted his precious time to the RCCs and considered the children studying there as his own. His study materials for the polytechnic entrance exams as well as the 10th board are playing a great role in making the RCC students better their achievement every year.

Churning Heroes out of Zeroes: From 6 in the first year of operations, RAHBAR Coaching Centres have been producing increasing number of engineers (35 qualified this year) out of the lot of students which was left without society's attention, doomed to drop out of the educational system, their poverty led them into the government schools wherein no teaching takes place. The above chart proves the dire necessity of intervention at the lower levels of schooling. 95% of muslim students are forced to take admission in government schools, because they cannot afford the luxury of private schools - these 95% have no hopes of moving forward after their 10% board exam, because they did not receive any education at all. Unless this large percentage of Indian population can be educated to excel, find decent employment, India cannot reach the top league of nations. As responsible citizens of this emerging nation, we must increase the level of our intervention and do our bit to take our beloved country to the top.

As muslims (chosen by God to lead), we have to fulfill our duties of helping those sections of our society which have been left unattended. Let's start giving to the society, rather than thinking of taking - spread our hands to give away whatever we can, rather than to beg from the society or government. If we believe that we, as muslims, have been assigned the responsibility of leading as chosen by God, then we need to understand, first and foremeost, that BEGGARS can't be CHOOSERS unless we stop begging from the government and the society, and start giving away to them, we cannot be chosen by the Almighty to lead - we have been failing in taking up this responsibility and in fulfilling our basic duty. It's time to seek forgiveness from Allah, and pledge afresh to start travelling on the right, the path of those with whom Allah is pleased.

ALLAH From “Beyond Education” collection

Fruits of Being Thankful to

T

I By NissarNadiadwala I here are many stories in the Qur'an and the Hadith which we hear and pass by like tales as Islamic entertainments but most of us do not study the motivating morals behind them. They can really change our lives if properly studied and implemented the lessons from them. Let me share two of them.

There was a man who had a large orchard which gave a lot of fruits in every season. The man divided the fruits into three parts one third he kept for his family's sustenance the second third for future investments and the last one third he gave away to the poor and it was a huge amount that he shared with the poor and the needy. The man showed gratefulness to Allah by sharing His blessings with the poor.

Such was his generosity that the poor in his locality used to wait for his harvest eagerly every time his trees gave fruits.

He had four sons according to Sahih Hadith, all of them were unhappy with their father's charity oriented division of fruits and they thought that their father was being too extreme in charity. Few years later the man died leaving behind the vast orchard with ready to yield fruits about to be harvested. So the brothers met one night and decided. Let us go to the farm in the darkness of the night and pluck all the fruits and not give to the poor since our father has already been giving them a lot since many years.

So as the Qur'an says in Surah Qalam chapter 68: ‘they walked slowly towards their garden so that the neighbouring poor may not even hear their footsteps.

But when they reached the orchard they found it burnt and destroyed. So they thought they were in a different place by mistake but one of them reminded them that they were in the right place indeed and the farm was destroyed by Allah last night. The reason?

"LawlaaTusabbehoon" They didn’t to do the tasbeeh of Allah!’

The Quran says further that they accepted their mistake and repented with a supplication that Allah will give us in exchange a better garden than this for we turn to Him in repentance.

6

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Motivating and Inspiring Morals in the story?

1. Tasbeeh does not only mean to chant Allah's name but also be charitable and generous towards others.

2. If you are ungrateful towards the Blessings of Allah, than Allah may snatch away His Blessings that he has given to you.

3. Being grateful to Allah for His blessings also include sharing His blessings with others.

4. If you have shown ungratefulness yet repenting will undo your evil inshallah.

In Musnad e Ahmed, another story of this sort is mentioned by Anas bin Malik (r.a.): Once we were sitting in the company of the Prophet (pbuh) and a beggar came asking for alms. The Prophet (pbuh) had only a piece of date. So he asked a person to go and give that date to the beggar. The beggar, on receiving only one date, got irritated and returned the date and walked awya saying, “I had heard that his messenger of Allah is very generous. Now I come to know how generous he is, he is offering me only one date which even I can offer him.” A few minutes later another man came begging, the Prophet (pbuh) offered the same date to the next beggar. This man tossed up the date happily and kept on saying, “Subhanallah, a date from the house of the Prophet! SubhanAllah a date from the house of the Prophet,” and he moved happily thanking Allah aloud. The Prophet (pbuh) smiled and asked Anas bin Malik to go to Umme Salam's house and get those 40 Dirhams she had, and he gave it to the beggar. The same 'date' but two different attitudes and two different responses and two different results.

Moral of the Story? If you thank Allah you get more.

This is precisely what Allah offers in Surah Ibrahim verse 7:

And if you be grateful then I will give you more.

Now to motivate you, Umar bin Abdul Azeez said: O People grab firmly the blessings of Allah by thanking Him and it will be with you for ever.

Do you have a list of blessings from Allah? Though we cannot enlist all His blessings even if we try to but at least some of them can be counted. Look into it and see how many blessings you have thanked Him for...

Opinion

Dear anti-Muslim commenters, here is what Islam is really about I By Ajaz Ashraf I

I'm going to cite a few statistical facts I feel deeply embarrassed about. But I have decided to press on regardless, believing these might dispel the impressions that many of the exuberant readers of Firstpost have about Muslims. This piece is particularly addressed to those whose sting lies in the vituperative language they employ to express their hatred against the community. Do not take offence, for this is an endeavour to initiate a dialogue with you readers.

population, underscores the indifference of terrorists to the religious identity of their victims. For the terrorists, like the Muslim martyrs of Kargil, the nationality of those whom they wish to fight or kill is of paramount importance.....

Try telling this to those who bristle with irrational rage against the Muslims.

Turn now to anecdotal evidence. From time to time, you must have read newspaper headlines announcing the arrest of the spies of Intelligence Bureau (IB) or Research and Analysis Wing (R&AW), who were The first statistical fact pertains to the Kargil war, found to be working for a foreign country. From which India was compelled to undertake for pushing SikanderLal Malik to Rabinder Singh to Ashok out the Pakistanis from its terriSathe, they have all been nontory. This mission India accom- The Hindu radical insists Muslims. plished, at the terrible cost of the on literarlism, and in- Obviously, R&AW's counter-inlives of 449 soldiers. Of these, vokes the Gita to justify telligence can't stumble upon 23, or 5.12 percent, were Muslims. working as doublehis violent intent. In Muslims agents, not because their loyalty much the same manner, to the country is unimpeachable, Only 5.12 percent, you might say. but because it doesn't employ the Islam prescription "to members of India's largest relido jihad", has been inter- gious minority as a policy. This But this number has to be perceived against the backdrop of norm even the IB purpreted by the Muslim outrageous another statistical reality: Mussued till the early 1990s, its reverlims comprise just 3 percent, or radical to justify his mis- sal propelling a Muslim officer, roughly 29000, of the millionSyed Asif Ibrahim, to head the orsion of tossing bombs at ganisation strong Indian army. This shows, today. the innocent. first, that the fatalities among Muslim soldiers were marginally Indeed, it would appear that what higher than their presence in the army. fuels disloyalty to the nation is greed for money and factors such as a person being honey-trapped and Second, it proves false the Hindutva brigade's propa- then blackmailed into working against his country. ganda that Muslims can't be loyal to their country.

Wouldn't it be absurd to cite the IB and R&AW's list This is because, it is claimed, Islam privileges the of double-agents to claim that the Hindu way of life Muslim ummah, or community, over the category of rendered these officials susceptible to blandishnation. It is forgotten that the idea of nation is a ments? modern construct. This apart, in the Kargil war against the Pakistanis, Muslim soldiers battled as fe- But such sweeping statements constitute the kernel of bigoted comments against Muslims rociously as any, regardless of the religious identity onFirstpost.Among the pet peeves of those making of their foes. these comments is the belief that the Quran endorses and promotes violence, particularly against nonSwitch to 26/11, that tragic date of the year 2008 on Muslims. which Pakistani terrorists bombed and sprayed bullets in Mumbai, killing 170. Of them, 34, or 20 perIn support of this argument, Verses 190-195 from cent, were Muslims. This relatively high figure, Chapter II of the Quran are often cited. These read: given that Muslims comprise 13.4 percent of India's 7

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Opinion

"Fight in the cause of God those who fight you, but do not commit aggression: God loves not the aggressor. Slay them wherever you may come upon them, and expel them from where they had expelled you; for oppression (persecution) is worse than slaughter;... Fight them until persecution is no more, and religion is for God. But if they desist, then all hostility shall cease, except against those who willfully do wrong."(Italics mine) All texts are embedded in their contexts, as were these verses, which were revealed to Prophet Mohammad when the powerful Quraysh tribe was preparing for the battle of Badr. Muslims were then just a few hundreds, compelled to take refuge in Medina because of the persecution they encountered in Mecca. The first line of the verses quoted above, quite evidently, tells Muslims that it isn't wrong to fight in self-defence. However, these verses enjoin Muslims to cease hostility once the aggressor desists from attacking and persecuting them.

There is much controversy over the sentence: "Fight them until persecution is no more, and religion is for God." The phrase "religion is for God" has been interpreted as an exhortation to establish the supremacy of Islam. Cultural critic ZiauddinSardar, however, writes in Reading the Quran: "'Religion is for God' implies worship in general by all faith communities. This is made clear in (chapter) 22: (verse) 40 where those who fight oppression in the 'cause of God' liberate 'cloisters and churches and synagogues and mosques in which God's name is much remembered and 'which otherwise would have been pulled down.' The words used are exactly the same: 'religion is for God.'"

says: "On that account: We ordained for the Children of Israel that if any one slew a person - unless it be for murder or for spreading mischief in the land - it would be as if he slew the whole people: and if any one saved a life, it would be as if he saved the life of the whole people."

Barring those of the ilk of SayyidQutb, most scholars agree that the Quran allows Muslims to mount armed resistance against oppression, or when their territory is invaded, or when people are persecuted on the basis of religion.

Are such injunctions any different from other great religious texts like, say, the Bhagavad Gita?

Before the commencement of the battle of Kurukshetra, when Arjun saw that the army of his foes, the Kauravas, included his cousins and friends, he turned to Lord Krishna and said, "O Lord Krishna, what pleasure shall we find in killing our cousin brothers. Upon killing these felons we shall incur sin only... It would be far better for me if my cousins kill me with their weapons in battle while I am unarmed and unresisting."

To Arjun, Lord Krishna said, "But if you do not fight this battle which is enjoined by dharma, then you will have given up your own dharma as well as glory, and you will incur sin... Either, being slain, you will attain heaven; or being victorious, you will enjoy the earth. Therefore arise, O son of Kunti, intent on battle."

Like the Quran, the Gita has been variously interpreted. Mahatma Gandhi thought it extolled nonvioAll texts are liable to multiple interpretations. Thus, lence, partly because only a few verses in it SayyidQutb, the intellectual ideologue of the Muslim pertained to violence. Gandhi perceived Arjun's love Brotherhood thought the word "desist" didn't mean for his cousins as symbolical of the individual's atsimply refraining from aggression or persecution. tachment to the world, which he must overcome to For him, it implied that the persecutors and aggresenable his exalted, noble self to blossom. Yet, many sors were "required to renounce their denial of God dismiss Gandhi's insights into the Gita as an attempt and their rejection of His message." to seek cultural justification for his philosophy of nonviolence.

By contrast, MaulanaMawdudi, the founder of the Jamaat-e-Islami in Pakistan, who wasn't really a lib- Muslim and Hindu radicals mirror each other. The Hindu radical insists on literarlism, and invokes the eral, differed from Qutb, saying that "what is meant Gita to justify his violent intent. In much the same by desisting is not the abandonment of unbelief and polytheism" on the part of non-Muslims, but refrain- manner, the Islamic prescription "to do jihad", or to vanquish the baser, ignoble self, has been interpreted ing from hostility to Islam. by the Muslim radical to justify his mission of tossing bombs at the innocent.

Otherwise too, the Quran insists that there is "no compulsion in religion". In Chapter V, verse 32, it 8

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Islam

For many, the recreated memory of Muslim rule in India, from the Slave dynasty to Mughals, stokes passion of retribution among some Hindus today, against the alleged atrocities perpetrated against their ancestors. This narrative speaks of brutal wars fought against the Hindus, their conversion to Islam under the shadow of the sword, the destruction of temples, and their enslavement in their own land.

In this reconstruction of the past, not only are the possible beneficial aspects of Muslim rule glossed over, but history is turned into a forever throbbing wound which can't heal unless the Muslims living today atone for the supposed sins of their forefathers. They can atone only through a submissive acceptance of the alleged humiliation they inflicted on the Hindus in the past. Or, if not willing, accept it under duress.

Forget this style of history-writing. Ask the more relevant question: Wouldn't attempts at righting past wrongs also include, for instance, subjecting upper castes and, in more recent times, the dominant castes to the dehumanizing social behaviour they once adopted towards the lower castes? Would we insist on upper castes taking to manual scavenging to experience the horror of it?

Not too many decades ago, the Brahmins in Tamil Nadu kept a distance of 36 paces from the Nadars, whose women were proscribed from covering the upper portions of their bodies. When some Nadars converted to Christianity, their women began wearing blouses. Their sense of modesty provoked rioting

against the defiance of this invidious social norm. Now that Nadars have become prosperous and empowered, would they be justified in demanding that Brahmin women walk around without a top?

All this isn'tto deny the involvement of some Muslims in terror incidents. But their love of terror can't become the basis to stereotype the community, or to make sweeping comments about their faith inspiring them to violence. This is as absurd as citing the propensity of the Hindu-dominated LTTE to foment bloodshed, or the Hindu background of Maoists, or the indictment of the RashtriyaSwayamsevakSangh (RSS) by various commissions of inquiry in triggering communal violence, as indisputable evidence of Hinduism preaching intolerance and endorsing violence.

Undoubtedly, what should be India's quest was best spelt out through a global essay competition that a cultural centre of a foreign country held nearly 15 years ago. The topic: How to liberate the present from the past and the future from the present?

Liberation can't be achieved, as radical Hindu netizens believe, by allowing the past to cast its forbidding shadow over both the present and the future, shackling both to their morbid imagination.

-------------------------A Delhi-based journalist, Ajaz Ashraf is the author of The Hour Before Dawn, HarperCollins India, releasing September 2014 http://m.firstpost.com/life/dear-anti-muslim-commenters-here-isislam-is-really-about-1606503.html

‫للل‬Ύϧ Α‫ـ‬έ Η΍ΩΧ‫ـ‬΍ (Prof. Muhammad Aqil) ̶̯ ؏ϭέΎΗ ˬέϭϧ ‫ف‬Α ؏ϳϧέ̯ ̶̯ Νέϭγ ˬ̶̳έϳΗ ̶ϧηϭέ ̶̯ ΩϧΎ̩ ΎϧΑ ‫ـ‬έϳΗ ‫ف ل‬٫ έΗ ΩΑ ̶ϬΑ ‫ف‬γ Εϭϣ ̶̳Ωϧί ΎϧΑ ‫ـ‬έϳΗ ΍ΩΧ ‫ـ‬έϳϣ ‫ـ‬΍ Ώέ ‫ـ‬έϳϣ ‫ـ‬΍ ؏ϭϟϭϬ̡ ˬέϭη ϡ̴ϧ٫ ‫ف‬Α ̮ϳ΍ Պ٫Ύ٬̩٬̩ ̶̯ ؏ϭΩϧέ̡ έϳϐΑ ‫ـ‬έϳΗ ‫ف ل‬٫έΩΎ̩ ϩΎϳγ ̮ϳ΍ ϥΎϣγ΁ ؏ϭ̴Ϡϳϧ έϭ΍ ̶Ϡ̳ ̲ϧΗ ̮ϳ΍ Εόγϭ ̶̯ ̮Ϡϓ ˬ ϡϭΩόϣ ؏΅ΎϬ̩ ΏΑγ ‫ف‬Α ؏ϳΟϭϣ ̶̯ ϝΣΎγ ˬί΍ϭ΁ ̶ϧόϣ ‫ف‬Α Պ٫΍έγέγ ̶̯ ؏ϭΗ̡ ˬ ‫֐ـ‬ϳ̡ϬΗ ‫ ̯ف‬΍έΣλ ϡϳγϧ ΩΎΑ ˬ ؏ϳέϳ̰ϟ ̶ϧόϳϻ Ρίϗ αϭϗ ˬ ϭΑ ϑϳ̯ ‫ف‬Α ̮٬ϣ ̶̯ ‫؏ ل‬ϳ٫ ‫ـ‬ίϳέ̴ϧγ ‫ف‬΋ϭ٫ ‫ف‬Η̡Η ‫ـ‬έρϗ ‫ ̯ف‬εέΎΑ έϭ΍ έΎϐϠϳ ‫ف‬٫ εϻ ϩΩϧί ̭΍ ϥΩΑ έϭ΍ ϩΎ̳ ϩΎϧ̡ ̶̯ αϳϠΑ΍ ؏ϳ٫Ύ̴ϧ ˬϩΎ̴ΟΎϣ΁ ̶̯ ̵έΎϳϋ ϝϘϋ ˬ ΍֐ϬΗϭϟ Ύ̯ Εηϭ̳ νΣϣ ϝΩ ˬ ΎϧΎΟ Ύϧ΁ Ύ̯ ؏ϭγϧΎγ αΑ Εγϳί έϳϐΑ ‫ـ‬έϳΗ ‫ف ل‬٫ έΎϳΩ ΍ϭ٫ ΍֐Ο΍ ϝϔΣϣ έ٫ έϭ΍ ˬ ‫؟‬ϳΎγ Ύ̯ ϥΎρϳη ϥΎγϧ΍ έ٫ ˬϖϠόΗ ̶ϧόϳϻ ‫؟‬Ηηέ έ٫ ˬέϳϫվ Ύ̯ ؏ϭΗυϼϏ ϥγΣ έ٫ ΎϧΑ ‫ـ‬έϳΗ ‫ل‬ έϳέϘΗ ˬ ̲ϧϭϫվ νΣϣ ώϳϠΑΗ ΎϧΑ ‫ـ‬έϳΗ ‫؏ ل‬ϳ٫ ‫؟‬ϗΎϓΎ̯ ؏ϭϘϣΣ΍ ‫ـ‬ίϭέ ‫؟‬ϳ έϭ΍ ΍έΗΎϳ ̭΍ ρϘϓ ΞΣ ‫؟‬ϳ ˬ̮ϧվ Ύ̯ ؏ϭ̡ϧΎγ Γϭ̯ί ‫؟‬ϳ ˬ ̵έΎ̯Ύϳέ ؏ϳίΎϣϧ ‫؟‬ϳ ΎϧΑ ‫ـ‬έϳΗ Ի Ωϳϋ έϭ΍ ωΎϣΗΟ΍ ̶ϧόϳϻ ̮ϳ΍ ‫؟‬όϣΟ ˬ ϥϼϋ΍ ̶ϣγέ ̮ϳ΍ ϥ΍Ϋ΍ ˬΩΎγϓ ̭΍ ΩΎ٬Ο ˬϥΎ̯ϭΩ ̶̯ Εվϧ̡ Εϳ΋΍ϭηϳ̡ ̶Α٫Ϋϣ ˬϑϠ̰Η ρϘϓ ΎϳΣ ˬ ‫؟‬ΗγΩϠ̳ Ύ̯ ؏ϭϟϭϬ̡ ̶ϠϘϧ ϥϳϟ ˬϝϣϋ ϡ΍έΣ ̮ϳ΍ ΎϧΎϣ̯ έϳϐΑ ‫ـ‬έϳΗ ‫ف ل‬٫ έϳϔϏ ϡΟ ̮ϳ΍ ΝΎϣγ έϭ΍ έϭη ϡ̴ϧ٫ ‫ف‬Α ̮ϳ΍ ˯ΎϧϏ ˬϝϣϋ ϩΩϭ٫ ‫ف‬Α ̮ϳ΍ ΢ϳέϔΗ ΎϧΑ ‫ـ‬έϳΗ ‫ف ل‬٫ ϡίΑ ̶̯ αϳϠΑ΍ ‫ف ل‬٫ Εϳϧ΍ϭϳΣ ̵έϧ ϖϠόΗ ̶γϧΟ έϭ΍ ϝόϓ Ύ̯ ؏ϭέϭϧΎΟ Ύϧϳ̡ ΎϧΎϬ̯ ˬ ΩΎϳϧΑ ̶̯ ϝ٬Ο ϡϳϠόΗ ˬ΍ϭΎϬ̯Ω νΣϣ ϡΎ̯ Ύ̯ Ρϼϓ ˬ‫؟‬όϳέΫ Ύ̯ ϝΎλΣΗγ΍ ϥϳΩ ˬ ‫ف‬٫ ̲ϧέ ؏ϳϣ ؏ϭϠ̳ϭΗ ‫ف‬٫ ϭΗ ‫ف ل‬٫ Ϭ̩̯ Ώγ ϭΗ ‫ف‬٫ ϭΗ ‫؏ ل‬ϳ٬ϧ ̶ϬΑ Ϭ̩̯ϭΗ ؏ϳ٬ϧ ϭΗ ‫ل‬ϭ٫ ‫؟‬ϧ ̶΋ϭ̯ Ύγ ϬΟΗ ؏ϳϣ ϥϣ ‫ـ‬έϣ έϭ΍ ϭ٫ ϭΗ ‫؏ ̯؟‬ϭ٫ ΎΗ٫Ύ̩ ‫؟‬ϳ ؏ϳϣ ˬ ‫ف‬٫ έΎϬ̰ϧ ̭΍ ϡϭλ ˬ ‫ف‬٫ ̭Ύ̡ Ε٬Α Γϭ̯ί ˬ ‫ف‬٫ Ν΍έόϣ ‫؟‬ϳ ίΎϣϧ ϭΗ ‫ف‬٫ ϭΗ ‫ف ل‬٫ έ΍ϭ̴ηϭΧ ̶ϬΑ ΍ϭ٫ ˬ ‫ف‬٫ έΎ٬Α έ̡ έΎ٬Α ˬ ‫ف‬٫ έ΍ί٫ ϡϧέΗ ‫ف ل‬٫ έΎ٬Αϭϧ ΩΎΑ Ի ̵έϳϣ ˬΎΟ αΑ ؏ϳϣ ؏ϭ٫Ύ̴ϧ ̵έϳϣ ˬΎ̴Ο ϭ̯ ؏ϭΗϋΎϣγ ̵έϳϣ ˬΎϣγ ؏ϳϣ ϡϠ̰Η ‫ـ‬έϳϣ ˬ΁ ؏ϳϣ ίϭέ ϭ Ώη ‫ـ‬έϳϣ ϭΗ ‫؏ ̯؟‬ϭ٫ ΎΗ٫Ύ̩ ؏ϳϣ ‫ف ل‬٫ έΎϣΧ ̭΍ ΞΣ ‫ل‬ΎΟ ‫؟‬ϧ έϭΩέϬ̡ έϭ΍ ΁ Ώϳέϗ ̶ϬΑ ‫ف‬γ ؏ΎΟ ̱έ ˬΎϬՌ΍ ؏ϳϣ ؏ϭΗ΍έ ϭ̯ ϬΟϣ ˬΎγΑ ϭ̯ ؏ϭΩΟγ ‫ـ‬έϳϣ ˬΎΟγ ϭ̯ ؏ϭΩϧϳϧ BBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBB http://www.inzaar.org/ 9

Bakhabar : August 2014

Sinners and Repenters: From “Beyond Education” collection

Hopes and Assurance from Allah I By Nissar Nadiadwala I

Note these two hadith: All sons of Adam (r.a.) sin but the best sinner is the one who repents, if you didn’t sin then Allah will produce new people who will sin and repent. None of the two hadith issues any open licence to commit sins, rather it gives a hope of pardon from Allah.

The difference between the sins of Adam (r.a.) and Iblees was their respective responses after being told that they were wrong. Adam (r.a.) repented but Iblees remained adamant, which ruined him. Many of us want to repent but don’t know how to do sincere repentance, some of us do ritual repentance by just chanting Astagfirullah day and night without worrying if their repentance is accepted or not. Some of us appoint middlemen to get our sins pardoned without recalling that one of the attribute of Allah is al Gafoor which means one who forgives repeatedly.

Let us revise some important lessons in repentance and make our repentance a real repentance.

Do not despair the Mercy of Allah: Prophet Yaqoob (pbuh) told his sons not to despair Allah's mercy in spite of knowing the grievousness of their sin that they tried to kill a Prophet of Allah i.e. Yusuf and separated the father son Yaqub and Yusuf for many years, peace be upon both.

Do not delay your repentance: Surah al-Imran gives some easy steps to forgiveness, in verse 133-135.

1.

Do not Delay your repentance: Sare'oonailamaghfiranminRabbikum… Hurry to seek forgiveness from your Lord. This verse is supported by the 21st verse of Surah al-Hadeed insisting that just hurrying is not enough; rather one should be foremost in repenting. Sabiqooilamaghfiratin min Rabbikum...

Be foremost in getting forgiveness from your Lord.

Many people plan to seek forgiveness only when they go for Hajj or Umrah or delay till they grow old. The above verses don’t agree with them.

2.

Do charity act as expiation for sins, and spending on the needy is one such investment (rather than expenditure). Verse no.133 furthers suggests that we spend in the way of Allah during prosperity as well as adversity.

10

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Normally people delay charity during both the situations giving reasons like: these days I am running short of money so I will spend later when I get my increase in income; and in prosperity: I have to buy a car and a new apartment .Thus spending in both the conditions saves us from being greedy as well as miser. The same act is detailed in the 104th verse of Surah at-Toubah: And know that Allah accepts the repentance from His worshippers and charity too and He is indeed Forgiver and Most Merciful.

If you want forgiveness then forgive other people too! The above mentioned verse further goes: They control their anger and forgive people. It sounds little difficult to implement. Controlling anger and pain caused by others requires an immense amount of Sabr as Allah says in sura al-Baqarah: Indeed it is a big thing except upon those who fear Allah.

A companion of the Prophet (pbuh) was given glad tidings of Paradise just because every night he slept after cleaning his heart of ill feelings he had towards others or hardships or pain caused by others. He did not wait for others to come and say SORRY to him.

Rather he initiated forgiveness.

Controlling your anger when you are in a position of punishing someone is a great pardon and makes us qualify to get a pardon from the Most Forgiver and Most Merciful. In fact, in Surah Noor, chapter 24, verse no.22, Allah mentions forgiving others as one of the opportunities for receiving a pardon from Him: Let them forgive and overlook. Do you not wish that Allah should forgive you? The context is worth knowing. This verse was revealed to correct abu Bakr as-Siddique (r.a.) who did not give his poor cousin the charity that he gave him regularly just because the later was involved in spreading rumour about Aisha the wife of the Prophet (pbuh). Even an injury of this magnitude should be overlooked if you want to be a candidate of Allah's Mercy.

3.

Remembering Allah and not to be obstinate in repeating sins says the last part of the verse. That is as simple as the verse itself. It builds a hateful attitude towards sin. Surah Nisaa's verse 110 elaborates it: And whoever commits a sin or an atrocity upon him and returns to Allah, he will find Allah Oft Forgiving and Most Merciful. Justifying this condition,

Surah al Ar'af says: do not commit mischief on the earth after it is corrected.

4.

Pray for the Forgiveness of others too. Surah al_Hashr verse 10: And those who came after them say: Our Lord forgive us and our brothers who came before us into the faith and leave not in our hearts (sense of injury) against those who believe.

5.

Have you noted how the angels pray for the forgiveness of the believers? Refer Surah Ghafirch 40, verse 7: And those Angles who carry the burden of the Arsh: 1. They Glorify Allah. 2. They praise their Lord. 3. They believe in Him. 4. (Then) they pray for the believers to be pardoned.

6.

Finally, Last but not least, do ToubatunNasooha, a sincere repentance, an intense repentance.

Educate poor community girls @ RAHBAR-e-Banaat Madrasa cum School

Apeal to donate your Zakat/Sadaqat to RAHBARe-Banaat School and Madrasa, for holistic education & guidance [Only for Girls of weaker sections, in Bihar &Jharkhand:http://school.biharanjuman.org/

Your support has helped the project a lot, but it needs more funds, therefore, pls come forward to donate your Zakat &Sadaqat, to this important project of Bihar Anjuman.

Individual NRI Donors may please transfer their contributions to the following bank account of RAHBAR, the NGO of Bihar Anjuman [Kindly send an email to school@biharanjuman.org, once you have made the transfer, so that we may be able to maintain a proper account, at our levels].

Also, please send scanned copy of your ID proof (passport copy for NRIs), which is a mandatory requirement for NRIs (If you have already sent it before, then ignore it).

In case of any problems in transferring the committed amount, please write back to us so that we could find an alternative means of transferring the funds.

Non-Indian donors, kindly do not transfer any funds to this bank account.

A/c name: RAHBAR; A/c number: 11

Bakhabar : August 2014

00891450000123 Bank name: HDFC Bank; Branch: D-965, Mata KaMandir, New Friends Colony, New Delhi-110065 IFSC Code: HDFC0000089; MICR Code: 110240009

Donations: all kinds of donations are acceptable Read this article, please: Letter and Spirit of Zakat (Zakah) at http://www.biharanjuman.org/zakat-letterand-spirit.html.

The students in this madarsa are from poor families, most of whom are not going to any schools or madrasas, at all. Therefore, zakah funds may be used to impart literacy to them. Yateem girls will be accommodated in a hostel which is the first building being built [structure of 3 floors are ready, thus 24 rooms can be used once finishing work is completed]. The boundary wall construction is now completed, and the hostel is ready to accept students.

You may donate (from any funds at your disposal) for:

(A) Sponsor construction cost for eisal-e-sawab and sadaqa-e-jaariya: (a) construction of class-rooms (one classroom: Rs. 4 lakhs): total number of classrooms planned = 15 (architectural dwg @ http://bit.ly/eFUnHI) (b) Construction of hostel (one hostel room: Rs. 2 lakhs): total number of rooms planned = 24 (architectural dwg @ http://bit.ly/eFUnHI) (c) Construction of a library-cum-reading room @ Rs. 4 lakhs + furniture @ Rs. 1 lakh (d) Construction of the office room @ Rs. 3 lakhs + office furniture @ Rs. 50,000/= (g) hand pump for drinking water, Rs. 10,000/= (with platform), near hostel building (h) 2 Overhead water-tanks + 1 electric submersible pump + plumbing work for hostel building, Rs. 75,000/=

(B) Regular (monthly, quarterly, annual) contribution: (a) Sponsor the principal’s salary @ Rs. 7,000 to Rs. 8,000 per month, (b) sponsor a teaching staff @ Rs. 4,000 to 6,000 per month, (c) sponsor a non-teaching staff (matron, peon, muhassil, etc.) @ Rs. 3,000 to 4,000 per month (d) sponsor a student's expenses (non-resident): Rs. 200 per month

X-Rays

By Hajira Khan & Sameen Ahmed Khan I

The light, radio waves and X-Rays are electromagnetic waves but with varying wavelengths and hence varying energy. They all travel with the speed of light. The televisions and the mobiles also use electromagnetic waves. The sound and images are converted into electromagnetic signals transmitted and after reaching the receiver converted back to the original form. The electromagnetic waves travel about a million times faster than the sound; hence we do not feel the lag while talking on the phone. The electromagnetic waves with smaller wavelengths have higher energy. X-Rays have very small wavelength compared to the visible light and hence very high energy. This gives them the high penetration power. This ability of the X-Rays enables us to see inside the human bodies. This seeing is not direct but through the photographic plates.

The X-Rays were discovered by Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen on 8 November 1895 and are now a household word as they are extensively used in the hospitals. This has been possible because, X-Rays have the ability to pass through substances and form images on photographic plates. The discovery by Röntgen was accidental when he discovered an image cast by his cathode ray generator. Röntgen named the new form of radiation as X-Radiation (X stands for the “Unknown” as in mathematics).

Hence, the term X-Rays. The term Röntgen rays is not fashionable.

Soon after his discovery, Röntgen took an X-ray photograph of his wife’s hand which clearly revealed her bones along with the wedding ring! The photograph generated a huge scientific interest in the academic circles and big sensation in the public.

X-Rays soon became a common diagnostic tool in medicine. X-Rays were also used to understand the structure of matter. Many path breaking discoveries in physics, chemistry and medicine have been made using X-Rays. Over twenty individuals have been awarded with Nobel Prizes.

Bibliography

1.

Discoveries in the Field of X-rays, Nobel Media (2014). http://www.nobelprize.org/educational/physics/x-rays/discoveries-1.html

2.

Sameen Ahmed Khan, 2015 the International Year of Light and Light-based Technologies (IYL), Ba Khabar, Vol 7, Issue 01, pp 17-18 (January 2014).

Published by Bihar Anjuman, http://bakhabar.biharanjuman.org/.

3.

Sameen Ahmed Khan, 2015 declared the International Year of Light and Light-based Technologies, Current Science, 106 (4), 501 (25 February 2014). (Fortnightly Publication of the Indian Academy of Sciences). http://www.currentscience.ac.in/Volumes/106/04/050 1.pdf

4.

Sameen Ahmed Khan, Visualising the Invisible through Crystallography, BaKhabar, Vol 7, Issue 04, pp 4-5 (April 2014). Published by Bihar Anjuman, http://bakhabar.biharanjuman.org/.

Hajira Khan Student of Standard-V, Indian School Salalah Salalah, Sultanate of Oman

The First X-Ray Image of Human Body taken on 22 December 1895, it is the left hand of Mrs. Röntgen with the bones clearly visible along with the finger ring 12

Bakhabar : August 2014

Sameen Ahmed Khan Engineering Department Salalah College of Technology, Salalah, Sultanate of Oman (rohelakhan@yahoo.com, http://SameenAhmedKhan.webs.com/)

Plan your Hajj Trip Islam

I By Sameen Ahmed Khan I

The holy month of Ramadan-ul-Mubarak just got over which covers one of the five pillars of Islam namely Siyam (fasting). This auspicious moth is marked with intensive efforts in reinforcing the two pillars of Salaat (namaz, prayers) and Zakat (charity). The first pillar of Islam the core and soul is known as Iman (faith) and the most basic without which one can not be a Muslim. The fifth pillar Hajj is the pilgrimage to the holy city of Makkah Mukarramah. The Hajj has been ordained by Allah Subhanahu as a compulsory duty upon every male and female Muslim above the age of puberty who has the means to fulfill it. For many Hajj is an once-in-alifetime blessing and a dream come true. They may not get another chance to do the Hajj again. The Hajj requires substantial preparation both spiritually and physically/logistically. In this note, we shall address these aspects in some detail. Say Bismillah (In the Name of Allah) and make Dua (supplication) to Allah Almighty to help you find the resources and time to perform Hajj this coming year. Only He can make it happen.

The journey of Hajj requires substantial preparation.

One should try to choose the good company of pious and knowledgeable and righteous people; stay away from the innovators. The trip is of several weeks.

Keep away from all prohibited acts. The choice of travel agent is also crucial, who is well experienced and reputed to take care of the basic necessities during the trip. The documents (passports etc); and the vaccinations etc need to be attended too. A detailed discussion with those who have performed Hajj in the previous year(s) is a must. It is also essential to attend one or more of the Hajj preparatory/training programmes. The spiritual preparation is the most crucial and requires both time and concentrated attention. Purify your creed (Aqeedah) from all aspects of Shirk, major or minor. No deed is accepted to Allah however noble it is, without such purification:

“If you associate (with Allah), your deeds will be ruined and verily you will be among the losers.”

[Surah Al-Zumar, 39:65].

Devote your Hajj purely and sincerely for Allah.

Acquire thorough knowledge about the rites of Hajj 13

Bakhabar : August 2014

and Umrah from start to finish, because knowledge differentiates right from wrong. Use Halaal means to support your journey. Focus on the mental preparations. Relieve yourself from any injustice, which you may have inflicted upon others. Fulfill any obligation, which you owe to other before the journey.

Prepare a Waseeyah (will) before you depart and make peace with those with whom you have a dispute, pay your debts. Safeguard your tongue from all vain talk, backbiting, arguing and complaining.

This is against the morals of Islam in general and especially against the rules of Hajj. Such talks and actions will make one's Hajj incomplete and reduce the reward. Hajj is a long journey and one is likely to behave immorally, therefore on guard and control yourself from any misconduct:

“So during Hajj there should not be obscenity, nor wickedness, nor wrangling.” [Surah Al-Baqarah, 2:197].

Remember, Shaytaan is at his best to cause mischief!

For any Ibadah (worship) including the Hajj, it is necessary to do the required Arkan (rituals) without which the Ibadah is not complete. But it should be borne in mind that Arkan alone do not constitute the Ibadah. The best places to start preparing for Hajj are the Holy Quran itself and a book on Seerat-unNabi. Use a subject and word index of the Holy Quran and look for Hajj, Kabah, Ibrahim and other keywords. For instance the word Hajj occurs in nineteen Ayah (verses) of the Holy Quran which are: Surah Al-Baqarah, 2:158; 2:196-203; Surah AlImran, 3:97; Surah Al-Ma'idah 5:2; and Al-Surah Hajj, 22:26-33. Likewise one can check in the index for the occurrences of Prophet Ibrahim (PUH); Kabah and other key words. Such a study is very illustrative. One learns numerous facts; for instance Makkah is known by Bakkah (Surah Al-Imran, 3:96) and City of Security (Surah Al-Tin, 95:3). The Internet users can avail the indexing at, http://www.islamicity.com/; this website also offers multilingual meaning of the Holy Quran and has an exhaustive coverage to a range of topics including Hajj. The significance of the Hajj can also be noted from the fact that it is covered in the Holy Quran in numerous places in detail with the Arkan. The sanctity of the Kabah is further highlighted from the fact that Allah Almighty addresses Kabah as “My House”, in Surah Al-Baqarah, 2:125. The Commentators have em-

Islam

phatically pointed to the grammatical first person “My House”, in the above Ayat (verse). Along with the Holy Quran it is mandatory to read at least one book on Seerat-un-Nabi (life of the Holy Prophet Muhammed, PBUH). No study is complete without the Seerah. One should also try to read the Seerah of the Khulfa-e-Rashideen (the rightly Guided Caliphs of Islam). This gives us a perspective of the things we see. Each site we visit, may it be Masjid Quiblatain, the hills of Ohud or Jannatul Baquee, the imagery from the history enables us to get deeply involved. The historical information enables us a time-travel of sorts!

The Holy Prophet Mohammed (PBUH) performed a Hajj known as the Hajjatul Wada, (Farewell Pilgrimage) towards the end of his twenty-three year long prophetic mission in the 10th year Hijri. During this Hajj the Holy Prophet Mohammed (PBUH) delivered a Khutbah, on 9th of Zil-Hijjah in the 10th year Hijri, in the ‘Uranah valley of Mount Arafat’. It was delivered towards the end of his Prophetic Mission, and about three months before he left this world (12th of Rabbi-Al-Awwal, 11th year Hijri). It is also known as the Last Sermon. The Khutbah was so important that the Prophet (PBUH) had requested Hazrat Rabiah (RA) to repeat and relay it to the audience in his loud voice. The Prophet (PBUH) had further requested to all those present to convey it to those not present. This Khutbah has been hailed as the world constitution, by Muslims and others alike.

It is our duty not only to understand and follow the teachings in the Khutbah, but to convey it to many others.

The history of Hajj dates back to the time Prophet Ibrahim (PBUH) which is about six thousand years.

It is extremely useful to read the history of Makkah Mukarramah and History of Madinah Munawwarah.

There are numerous books with titles such as Tarikhe-Harmain (History of Harmain) on this subject in the language of one’s choice. One can find numerous pictures, sketches and maps in such books. The history of Harmain is rich with incidents of the Prophets (PBUH) and the Sahaba (the blessed companions of the Holy Prophet, PBUH). Such a study of history provides us the familiarity and the importantly the feeling of attachment/closeness when visiting the holy places.

Now, a few words about the physical preparation: the journey of Hajj involves a great deal of physical activities and thus you must be fully prepared to face 14

Bakhabar : August 2014

this physical challenge. For instance the Umrah takes up to two hours to complete depending upon the crowd. The path connecting the hills of Safa and Marwah is called Masaa. It measures about 394.5m in length. One covers the Masaa seven times in each Umrah along with seven Tawaf of the Kabah. This totals to more than three kilometers for each Umrah.

Thus one needs to have the stamina to walk three kilometers. It is to be noted that the Masaa is now fully enclosed with a high ceiling and air-conditioning. There are provisions to cover the Masaa in the upper floors as well. Besides, one has to be prepared to spend about five days in the tents requiring patience. Hajj is journey requiring patience. It is essential to start watching what one is eating; practice walking for an hour or more, for about two months before the Hajj. One can start this schedule soon after Ramadan-ul-Mubarak. This will increase physical stamina and help the Haji (pilgrim) to keep up with the long walks and long standings. Indeed, Hajj involves a lot of labor and struggle but the reward for this great act is also great in amount. If required go for a medical checkup, preferably with a medico who has performed the Hajj. Wheelchairs are available, so one need not panic. The oldest and the weakest have performed the Hajj, Alhamdulillah.

By Grace of Allah, the arrangements made by the authorities are excellent. The Hajj Research Centre has taken utmost care in the minutest details to make the experience pleasant for the pilgrims. Children also participate in all the Arkan (including the stoning in the Jamrat) smoothly, Alhamdulillah. The crowds (there are over three million pilgrims each year) are not as much as they make it out to be; the constant extensions/preparations around the Hajj sites have taken care of this. The tents in Mina (with concrete flooring and air-conditioning for instance) are designed to be questionably comfortable.

One should avoid the videography/photography.

Very high resolution videos and photographs are freely available on the Internet and the official Hajj websites. It does not make sense to use the phone and internet extensively. The narration of the individual Hajj experiences can wait till return of the pilgrims to their homes. There are enough TV channels covering the Hajj! Each moment during the Hajj is precious and not to be wasted on using electronic gadgets. One should also overcome the distraction of shopping during the Hajj. We need to exercise utmost restraint in this regard. In my humble opinion it suffices to gift our near and dear ones with Za-

mzam, Dates and Islamic Literature (all available in plenty at the Hajj sites).

There is a Hadith which states that "... in later times there will be lot of people but NOT A SINGLE Haji ...". May Allah Almighty Guide us all, Amen. The Hajj (journey of a lifetime) needs elaborate preparation far beyond the Arkan (state of Ehram; Tawaf; Sai; stay in Mina, Arafat and Muzdalifah; back in Mina; Qurbani and Rami). The Arkan can be understood from a suitable tutor/book (and now the videos, internet etc) with precision and thoroughness in a short time. With rapid transport and numerous tour operators (in many arts of the world), the decision to do Hajj is taken by some in haste at too short a notice. This leaves inadequate quality time (thanks to our busy schedules and commitments) to prepare for Hajj. This is further compounded by the numerous parties (which are generally a hindrance rather than a support) which take place prior to the Hajj. It is the attitude and the spiritual preparation which requires a greater effort and generally a longer time.

The crash courses offered can at best focus on the Arkan.

The journey of Hajj requires substantial funds; we need to ensure that our earnings are righteous and so also what we may have inherited. An extra effort (well in advance) in our work places and review of our business practices would be a starting point to achieve this. Another concern is the quality of our Salah; does it meet the standards?

May Allah Almighty enable us to make journeys to the sacred cities and Guide us to conduct ourselves in a manner which pleases Him, Amen.

Bibliography:

1.

A website for Quran Majeed with comprehensive search in Arabic and numerous languages, along with several English translations (meanings), http://www.islamicity.com/mosque/quran/

2.

Websites for Hadith, http://www.searchtruth.com/ and http://ahadith.co.uk/

3.

Safiur Rahman Mubarakpuri, Ar-Raheeq AlMakhtum (the sealed nectar), (A Biography of Prophet Mohammed, PBUH), Another Title: When the Moon Split, Darussalam Publishers, (1979). http://www.kalamullah.com/sealed-nectar.html 15

Bakhabar : August 2014

4.

Khutbah during Hajjatul-Wada, http://www.islamicity.com/mosque/lastserm.HTM, http://www.huda.tv/old-site/articles/prophet-muhammad/420-the-last-sermon-of-prophet-muhammad, and http://www.ScanIslam.com/

5.

History of Makkah Mukarramah, (ISBN: 9960-892-02-6) and History of Madinah Munawwarah by Shaikh Safiur-Rahman Mubarakpuri (ISBN: 9960-892-11-5), Darussalam (2002).

6.

Sameen Ahmed Khan, Great Crowds few Hajis, Letter in Islamic Voice, Vol. 21-02, No. 254, pp. 10 (February 2008).

7.

Sameen Ahmed Khan, The Etiquette of Hajj, Pakistan Link, (Friday the 04 April 2008). (Published from Irvine, California, USA).

8.

Sameen Ahmed Khan, Review of the Books: The History of Makkah Mukarramah (ISBN: 996044-929-7) and The History of Madinah Munawwarah (ISBN: 9960-43-442-7) by Dr. Muhammad Ilyas Abdul Ghani, (Al-Rasheed Printers, Madinah Munawwarah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia), Islamic Voice, Vol. 21-02, No. 254, pp. 33 (February 2008).

9.

Sameen Ahmed Khan, A Tale of Two Cities, Review of the Books: The History of Makkah Mukarramah and The History of Madinah Munawwarah, by Dr. Muhammad Ilyas Abdul Ghani, (Al-Rasheed Printers, Madinah Munawwarah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia), Renaissance, Radiance Viewsweekly, Vol. XLV, No. 29, pp. ?? (February 2008).

10.

Sameen Ahmed Khan, Review of the Books: The History of Makkah Mukarramah and The History of Madinah Munawwarah, by Dr. Muhammad Ilyas Abdul Ghani, (Al-Rasheed Printers, Madinah Munawwarah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia), Renaissance, Vol. 18, No. 09, (September 2008). (Long Book Review). http://www.monthlyrenaissance.com/issue/content.aspx?id=1011

11.

Ministry of Hajj, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, http://www.hajinformation.com/main/f.htm and http://www.haj.gov.sa/.

12.

The Official website of Haj Committee of India, http://hajcommittee.com/.

Bloodshed

in Gaza T

I By Vipin Tripathi I

Friends, he ongoing onslaught on Gaza is deeply painful. Over 800 innocent impoverished Palestinians, in cluding children, and a dozen Israelis have died.

The excuse is stated to be the kidnapping and murder of three Israeli hikers in the occupied West Bank, followed shortly thereafter by the kidnapping and fatal burning of a Palestinian teenager by a group of Israelis. The Netanyahu government blamed Hamas for the kidnapping without any evidence and pretended the kidnapped Israelis were still alive for several weeks, even though there was evidence indicating the victims were already dead, to whip up anti-Arab sentiment and justifying punitive operations in the West Bank and Gaza.

How could a state carry devastating bombings on innocent civilians (living under its occupation) for follies of a few miscreants? Nathan Thrall of the International Crisis Group points out that the real motive is neither vengeance nor a desire to protect Israel from Hamas' rocket fire, which has been virtually non-existent over the past two years, but to undermine the recent agreement between Hamas and Fateh for a unity government as that might press Netanyahu government to implement agreement on two-state solution. This is a dangerous ploy.

Israel already owns 82% of Mandatory Palestine and, since 1967, successive governments have built/ expanded settlements in the West Bank and East Jerusalem, providing generous subsidies to the 6 lakh Jews who have moved there in violation of Fourth Geneva Convention.

4.4 million Palestinians, living in West Bank and Gaza, are in a state of grave crisis. Israel must recognize their right to live in peace and freedom and stop the onslaught forthwith. India used to be a voice of sanity but this time it is subdued. USA, giving $3 16

Bakhabar : August 2014

billion annual aid to Israel, is unable to speak. Other

countries also look ineffective. May the conscience of the masses of the world awaken and assert itself against such a disgrace.

Best regards Vipin

A Journey in a Train

T

I By Hajira Khan I

here once lived a girl named Rosy. She was very keen to travel in a train. The very most thing she wanted in the whole world was to travel in a train. Then one day she heard her parents discussing of going to visit Rosy’s grand-parents. And soon the vacation was coming. So they could easily go and visit her grand-parents. Then after discussing Rosy went to her Mom and asked can we go by train? Yes we can if you just go and ask your father. Rosy ran to her father and asked can we go by train by Daddy? Yes we can, said Daddy. Rosy was so excited that she did not know what to say oh!! Thank you so much Father and I am very happy now. Then the next day her father booked the tickets of traveling in the train.

Now Rosy was as excited as could be because it was confirmed that they were going by train. Then the next day they all got up early in the morning 6 O’ Clock and went to the station. Their train would come at 7:50. Then they reached the station at 7:13.

They waited for 37 minutes and their train came.

Soon they all got in the train, carrying their luggage all the way to the train. Rosy was very excited, she sat next to the window and asked her Mom when we will reach London? We will reach London by tomorrow early morning 6 O’ Clock. Rosy was very much surprised to hear that. Are we going to be in the train all that time she asked her Mom. Yes said her mother and the train began to move. Rosy said to her self what a noise the train makes when it moves. Then Daddy fell as sleep. Mummy read a book and Rosy looked through the window. Then suddenly a big tunnel came. She was a bit scarred, but when the sunshine came she was no more scared.

Then after the whole day was night. Rosy ate her dinner and wet to sleep. She slept at the top berth.

That was fun. But soon she woke up. She was bored. She did not know what to do. So she took out a book from her backpack and began to read it.

Rosy loved to read. Suddenly she caught sight of dacoits! And they started demanding money and jewelry from the passengers! Rosy was shocked to see that. Rosy quickly thought of a plan. She quickly went to the guards in the other compartment.

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She told them what had happened. The guards quickly took their guns and swords and followed the little girl. The guards quickly arrested the dacoits.

Then after that everybody got their belongings.

Rosy went back to her berth thinking what an adventure she had had. Next morning what a fuss everybody made of Rosy. Rosy’s parents were very proud of her when they heard what had happened in the night. When they reached London they were just going to get out of the train, when a guard came rushing to them and told them to their award and go.

For goodness’s sake what award are we going to get asked Rosy’s father surprised? Well your daughter came and told us that there is a gang of dacoits in the train. We were just in time to arrest the dacoits.

They were just going to jump out of the train with other passengers’ belongings. So that is why we should give you an award. Here is a cheque in it is the sign of the manager of the train. Now whenever you want to travel in the train your tickets will be free. Rosy’s parents were so surprised that they did not know what to say Oh! Thank you so much.

Now we will always travel by train. When Rosy and her parents reached home what a fuss her grand-parents made of her on hearing what had happened.

Well said Rosy traveling by train is fun after all.

And they all began to laugh.

Bibliography

1.

Hajira Khan, Please Do Not Eat Too Much Junk, BaKhabar, Vol 7, Issue 07, pp 15 (July 2014).

Published by Bihar Anjuman, http://bakhabar.biharanjuman.org/.

Hajira Khan, Student of Standard-V, Indian School Salalah, Salalah, Sultanate of Oman

Mosque and Education in

I s lam Islam

I By Sameen Ahmed Khan I

Today, when we mention education, most would seldom think of Islam. Many a times one hears phrases such as secular education and religious education.

We need to remind ourselves about the importance and place of education in Islam. This is evident in many ways. The first ayat (verse) of the Holy Quran revealed to Prophet Mohammad (sallalaho alaihi wasallam, peace be upon him) was (Quran, Surah Alaq 96:1-5) Read in the name of thy Sustainer, who has created created man out of a germ-cell. Read - for thy Sustainer is the Most Bountiful One who has taught [man] the use of the pen – taught man what he did not know!

(English Meaning by Muhammad Asad from http://www.IslamiCity.com/)

The Quran urges us to, think, ponder, reflect and acquire knowledge that would bring us closer to Allah Almighty and to His creation. The Quran uses repetition in order to imbed certain key concepts in the consciousness of its listeners. The word Ilm (knowledge) occurs 750 times in the Quran, making it the third most repeated word. The word Allah and Rab (Sustainer) occur 2800 and 950 times respectively.

Along with the Quran, the sayings of the prophet Muhammad (PBUH) also prompted people to learn.

The word mosque comes from the Arabic word, Masjid, which means a place where one prostrates oneself, or a place of worship. The concept of the mosque originated during the life of Prophet Muhammad (PBUH), who built the first mosque during his Prophethood in Medina. In the early Islamic period, the Masjid served many purposes, and took on a comprehensive role in the lives of Muslims. Not only was it a place of worship, learning and prayer, but it also functioned as a community’s political and social centre. It was where believers assembled for prayers, where the Prophet delivered his addresses to deal with issues surrounding the social life of the community, where he educated his followers, where he explained revelations, where he met emissaries and discussed the merits of his mes18

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sage, where he dealt with internal and external political activities.

Historically, mosques were places of education, where both religious and the so-called worldly sciences were taught. They played a pivotal role in the lives of Muslims. Islam and knowledge went together, closely, and from the very early stages. The mosque played a great part in the spread of education in Islam. The association of the mosque with education remains one of its main characteristics throughout history. From the start, the mosque was the center of the Islamic community, a place for prayer, meditation, religious instruction, political discussion, and a school. In every place, where Islam took hold, mosques were established, and basic instruction began. Once established, such mosques could develop into well known places of learning, often with hundreds, sometimes with thousands of students, and frequently contained important libraries. Notable examples are the Mosques in Madina, Cairo (Al-Ahzar) and Damascus.

The first school connected with a mosque, was set up at Medina in 653CE, whilst the first one in Damascus dates from 744CE, and by 900CE nearly every mosque had an elementary school for the education of both boys and girls. Children usually started their schooling around the age of five. The very first thing they learnt was how to perform Salah and the recitation of the Quran. The primary schooling also

included lessons in writing of Arabic along with reading. Along with the primary studies the students were also taught the basic arithmetic which would enable them to carry out calculations related to the Zakat and the inheritance. The above mentioned instructions could be obtained in any mosque. For more advanced learning one could avail the schooling in the bigger mosques. This would cover instruction in Arabic grammar and poetry, logic, algebra, biology, history, law, and theology. Some of the madrasa attached to the mosques were world-class centres of learning at their time. The world-renowned Al-Azhar University is the oldest university in the world.

It was established as a mosque in 358AH/969CE. Now, one can find over a hundred thousand students studying in it.

Throughout history of Islam, the mosque has always played an important social role. It has been a place of prayer, a centre of political activities, an educational institution, and a focal point of communal life.

Khutbah (sermon) is an excellent opportunity to address the Muslim community. Khutbah has always occupied a pivotal role in informing the Muslim Ummah about her affairs and calling her to the appropriate actions. Allah (subhanahu wa ta’aala) has ordered that trade and all other activity be abandoned at the time of Salat al-Jumu’ah and that people assemble to hear the khutbah: (Quran, Surah Jumah 62:9) O YOU who have attained to faith! When the call to prayer is sounded on the day of congregation, hasten to the remembrance of God, and leave all worldly commerce: this is for your own good, if you but knew it.

(English Meaning by Muhammad Asad from http://www.IslamiCity.com/)

The khutbah is the institution of education started by the Holy Prophet (PBUH) for the whole Ummah.

Many of our khutbah fail to address the basic tenants of Islam. An ideal Imam is the one who can give a short sermon in the morning after Fajr, talk about Islam to non-believers over the day, give a lecture in the education institutions (schools, colleges, universities) when required and finally attend a conference with the media.

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Bibliography:

1.

A website for Quran Majeed with comprehensive search in Arabic and numerous languages, along with several English translations (meanings), http://www.islamicity.com/mosque/quran/

2.

Websites for Hadith, http://www.searchtruth.com/ and http://ahadith.co.uk/

3.

Tarawih Summaries in English, Hindi and Urdu, http://NawabMohammedAbdulGhani.webs.com/tara wih.html and http://www.ipci.co.za/information/taraweeh-quransummary/

4.

Shams Pirzada, Is it not necessary to read the Qur’an with Understanding?, Idara Da’watul Qur’an, Mumbai, India, 13th Edition (2011). http://scanislam.com/browse-islam/read-quran-withunderstanding/ and http://www.quranforall.org/quran/iintrqwund.htm

5.

Khurram Murad, Way to the Qur’an, Islamic Book Service, New Delhi, India. http://www.sunnipath.com/library/books/B0039P0000.aspx and http://www.islambasics.com/view.php?bkID=29

Sameen Ahmed Khan Engineering Department Salalah College of Technology, Salalah, Sultanate of Oman (rohelakhan@yahoo.com, http://SameenAhmedKhan.webs.com/)

The Day of

Eid! T

I By Umm Ammarah I

he Month of Ramadaan is coming to an end and the transition from Ramadaan to Eid and thereafter should be a path the that brings us closer to our Creator and a path that treads the Sunnah i.e. The way of the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) .

After a month of sacrifice, Allah Ta’ala takes it upon Himself to reward His faithful servants. Allah Ta’ala is the Most Generous and Most Benevolent. Indeed Allah Ta’ala’s Generosity multiplies in Ramadaan.

When Allah Ta’ala sees His servants carry out all their duties faithfully and strive to gain closeness to Him through fasting ,salaat (prayer) ,patience ,recitation of Quraan ,zikr ,dua ,and controlling of even permissible desires and needs like food, drink etc. then Allah Ta’ala bestows on His faithful servants a special prize on the night preceding the day of Eid…

THE PRIZE GIVING NIGHT: Allah Ta’ala bestows the rewards on those who have spent the month in His obedience and all their Du’as (prayers) on such an occasion are indeed accepted. It has been the practice of The Messenger of Allah Ta’ala (pbuh)that he would not sleep during the night preceding Eid-ul –Fitr, this night has been named LaylatulJaaiza (The Prize Giving night). The night when the faithful and obedient servants of Allah Ta’ala are given the true reward. To benefit from this opportunity, one should exert in prayer and ask Allah Ta’ala for all our needs.Our Beloved Rasulullah (Salallahoalaihewassallam) said: "The person who stays awake on the nights preceding the two Eids occupying himself with ibâdah(worship), his heart will not die on the day when everyone's heart will perish." (his heart will not die during the time of evil and corruption). It could also mean that with the blowing of the trumpet his soul will not become unconscious. (Hadith –Ibn Majah) The then comes the joyous day of…

EID-UL-FITR: Celebrated on the first day of Shawwaal, at the com20

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pletion of Ramadhaan.Shawwaal is the 10th month of the Islamic calendar. Eid-al-Fitr is a very joyous day for the believing men and women. On this day Muslims show their real joy for the many blessings Allah Ta’ala has given to them to fulfil their obligation of fasting and other good deeds during the blessed month of Ramadhaan.

Indeed this joyous day can cannot pass by without remembering the poor and destitute…

SADAQTUL FITR: Islam has prescribed a simple yet graceful way to observe this happy day. First of all well off Muslims start their day by giving charity SadaqtulFitr to the poor of their society, so that the less endowed can also enjoy their day along with others.IbnAbbas(RA) said that the Messenger of Allah Ta’ala (pbuh) enjoined SadaqatulFitr so that those who fasted may be purified of idle deeds and shameful talk committed during Ramadaan and so that the poor may be fed. Whoever gives it before salaah( even days before) will have his obligation accepted, and whoever gives it after salaah it will be an ordinary charity.(Hadith -Abu Dawood) This day of Eid should be spent in the way shown to us by The Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him)…

SUNNAH ACTS ON THE DAY OF EID: • Wake up early.

• Take a Ghusl (bath) before EidSalaah • Brush your teeth (use Miswaak) • Dress up, putting on best clothes available.

• Use itr (perfume) • Eat something sweet before proceeding to the EidMusallah e.g. Dates etc.

• Pay SadaqatulFitr before Salaatul-Eid (on id-al-Fitr).

•

Go to EidMusallah (EidGah/prayer ground) early.

Offer Salaah-al-Eid in congregation in an EidMusallah except when weather is not permitting like rain, snow, etc.

Use different roads en route to the Eid Musallah and back home.

Recite the following Takbir on the way to Eid Musallah :

• •

•

Allahu-Akbar, Allahu-Akbar. La ila-ha illallahuAllahu-Akbar, Allahu-Akbar. Wa-lillahilhamd. (Allah is the Greatest, Allah is the Greatest. There is no god but Allah. Allah is Greatest, Allah is Greatest. And all praises are for Allah)

THE EID PRAYER-And then comes along the morning of Eid, Allah Ta’ala sends down the angels to all the lands in the earth, where they take their positions at access points of roads calling out with a voice that is heard by all accept man and jinn. Allah Ta’ala then says: I call you to witness, Oh my Angels that for their having fasted during the month of Ramadaan ,and for their having stood before me in prayer by night, I have granted to them as reward My pleasure and have granted themforgiveness.Allah Ta’ala will then say…,Oh my servants ask now of Me, for I swear by My honour and My Greatness, that whatsoever you shall beg of me this day in this assembly of yours for the needs of the Hereafter ,I shall grant you, and what so ever you shall ask for your worldly needs shall look at you favourably.

(Hadith-Targheeb)

Jubayr ibn Nufayr (RA) said: 'When the companions of Allah Ta’ala's Messenger (peace be upon him) met on the day of `Eid, they would say to each other, 'TaqaballAllahuTa’alaminnawaminkum (may Allah Ta’ala accept from you and us ).” (Fathul Bari ).

TIPS ON HOW TO SPEND THE DAY OF EID: • Keep in mind the pleasure of Allah and up hold Shari'ah at ALL times.

• Adorn yourself and your family modestly in the best of garments (not necessarily new).

• Avoid over eating and other festivities that have no benefit.

• Visit the poor, needy, orphans, elderly and sick.

• Should Eid be made at “my mum or your mum or wherever?” This requires Shura/Mashurah (mutual consultation). Shu 21

Bakhabar : August 2014

•

• •

rah is a Sunnah of the Messenger of Allah (Sallalahoalaihewassallam).Try to compro mise and accommodate each other.

Maintain and strengthen family bonds- Rasu lullah (Salallahoalaihewassallam) is reported to have said, "Anyone who wishes to have his means of livelihood enlarged and a prol onged life, should treat his relatives with kindness."(Hadith) Don't forget the suffering, oppressed, poor and needy Muslims in all parts of the world in your du’as and charity.

Be punctual with our acts of worship and on this joyous day.

BE CAUTIOUS!- Avoid excessive indulgence of any kind and stay away from places where the laws of Islam are violated. It is a joyous occasion indeed and let it be spent in ways that are pleasing to our Creator. Use the day profitably to earn the pleasure of Allah Ta’ala and continue to do so everyday.

“A Muslim is a Muslim for life and not just during Ramadaan!”

WHAT NOW AFTER RAMADAAN…We leave the month Ramadaan, its beautiful days and nights, we leave the Month of Mercy wherein we excelled in recitation of the Quraan , Taqwa and Ibadat, sympathy ,forgiveness...we need to ask ourselves:Ramadaaan is over and what have we gained?

Ramadaan was a 30 day course on self restraint and piety , have we graduated from the course having learnt to fight our desires and defeat them..? Have we recharged our spiritual batteries and gained Taqwa (Allah consciousness)? If we have …then ALHAMDULILLAH (Praise be to Allah)…now let us continue to obey Allah Ta’ala and ask Allah Ta’ala to keep us steadfast. Ramadaan is over and Shawwal has come, let us save the changes that we all made in our lives during the month of Ramadaan.

Let Ramadaan not be a final destination but a stepping stone to greater good from now on. We need to make a firm resolution to continue with the momentum and lead a life of piety and free of sins. We now face another eleven months after this training. Let it be that we come out stronger and better servants of Allah Ta’ala…AMEEN! Eid Mubarak!

Source: www.eislam.co.za

The Rights of Parents

P

arents give us innumerable (countless) favors.

They provide protection, food and clothing to the newly born. The mother sacrifices her comforts and sleep to provide comfort to her children. The father works hard to provide for their physical, educational and psychological (and spiritual) needs.

It is a matter of common courtesy that if a person does you some favor you feel obliged to him.

Verbally you say 'thank you' to him. You try to repay and compensate him for his gifts and favors. You feel a sense of gratitude towards him.

With regard to rights of parents and children I found in some families there are violations (disobedience) to islamic teachings, either due to lack of knowledge or according to adopted customs prevailing in their places.

The aim of this book is to help a common man, children in particular understand their parents rights according the islamic teachings guided by the noble Qur'an and sayings of holy Prophet Mohammed (Allah's peace and blessings be upon him).

As parents grow old their energies also decline. So it is the duty of children to help their parents in any household work in which they can help.

Treating one's parents with honour also requires sustaining (supporting) them with the living costs when they are needy.

Guidance to Children from Quran and Sunnah

(a) Pious peoples' families would be in Paradise (Quran Surah Al-Ra’d 13/22-24) (b) "Three supplications are surely acceptable" (an

oppressed, a traveler, and parents supplications for children)- (Hadith At- Tirmidhi, Abu Dawud&IbMajah) (c) Who cuts off relations of kinship will not enter paradise (Bukhari 8/13) (d) Want more wealth - keep good relations with relatives (Bukhari 8/14-15) RIGHTS OF PARENTS (DUTIES OF CHILDREN) Right to be respected and be kind to them

(a) Respect parents even if they are non muslims (Surah Luqman 31/14) (b) What are the Best deeds-Be good and dutiful to your parents (Muslim) (c) Who is more entitled to be treated best YOUR MOTHER (Bukhari 8/2) (d) You have an ambition to go to Paradise, but how? (Tirmizi, Ahmad..)

Right to be Obedient to parents

(a) Allah has preferred obeying and honoring the parents to Jihad! (Bukhari) (b) Showing Disrespect to One's Parents (Surah AlAhqaf 46/17) (c) MAJOR SINS among them Disobedience to par ents (Bukhari 8/290, M (d) Major sin - Any one abuses other person's par ents he abuse his own parents (Bukhari 8/15, AlHakim, Ahmad) (e) Only place when you can't obey them (Surah AlAnkabut 29/8)

Right to be helped financially (give money to parents) (a) Pious people's families would all be in Paradise (Surah Al-Ra'd 13/22-24)

A true believer must love Allah most, then more than his own self he should love Prophet Mohmammed (Peace and Blessings of Allah be upon him-pbh). Later on, the aspect or phase of family or human rights stage comes. Each member of the family has rights and obligations. The preferential sequence of the family rights is mother, father, children, wife, maternal aunt etc.

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Rights of Inheritance (things, property,money distribution (Surah 2/180) Parents have the right to scold and sometimes beat their children

After parents Death (a) To hold muslim parents funeral prayers and complete the burial pershariah method, for nonmuslim parents no burial prayers (Surah Al-Tauba 9/84) (b) Ask Forgiveness to Allah to pardon my parents (Quran Surah Ibrahim 14/41; Al-Israa 17/24 ; Ash-Shuaraa 26/86, At-Tauba 9/114 ; Al-Ahqaf 46/15; An-Naml 27/19) (c) The child must pay debts of parents or fulfill any promises or oaths they made to anyone in their life (Bukhari 4/780, Muslim 17/1085 ; 20/4649) (d) The child must observe Ramdhan fast the un fasted days of her dead mother (Muslim 6/2555) (e) The child must perform Hajj if her dead mother vowed for Hajj (Bukhari 3/77; 9/419) (f) To pay due regards to bonds of relationship from parents side.Cut off relations of kinship will not enter paradise More wealth should keep good re lations of relatives

The optional (not obligatory) acts after death of parents (a) Distribute charity on behalf of dead parents (b) Meet parents friends in humble way

“ Three supplications are surely acceptable” The Messenger of Allah (pbuh) said, "Three supplications are surely acceptable: the supplication of the oppressed, the traveler and the parents for their children.”(At- Tirmidhi, Abu Dawud &IbMajah)

One who cuts off relations of kinship will not enter paradise Narrated Jubair bin Mut'im ________________________________________ (RA): That he heard the Prophet saying, "The person who cuts the bond of kinship will not enter Paradise."

Who wants more wealth should keep good relations of relatives Narrated Abu Huraira(RA): I heard Allah's Apostle (pbh) saying, "Who ever is pleased that he be granted more wealth and that his lease of life be prolonged, then he should keep good relations with his Kith and kin." (Bukhari 8/14) Narrated Anas bin Malik(RA): Allah 's Apostle (pbh) said, "Whoever loves that he be granted more wealth and that his lease of life be prolonged then he should keep good relations with his Kith and kin." (Bukhari 8/15)

Narrated Abu Huraira: The Prophet said, "Allah created the creations, and when He finished from His creations, Ar-Rahm i.e., womb said, "(O Allah) at this place I seek refuge with You from all those who sever me (i.e. sever means break or disunite the ties of Kith and kin). Allah said, 'Yes, won't you be pleased that I will keep good relations with the one who will keep good relations with you, and I will sever the relation with the one who will sever the relations with you.' It said, 'Yes, O my Lord.' Allah said, 'Then that is for you ' " Allah's Apostle added.

"Read (in the Qur'an) if you wish, the Statement of Allah: 'Would you then, if you were given the authority, do mischief in the land and sever your ties of kinship?' (47.22) (Bukhari 8/16)

http://d1.islamhouse.com/data/en/ih_books/single/en _Rights_of_Parents.pdf

Differences between smart phones and books S. No. Smart Phone Books 1 Smart phones need electricity Books do not need electricity.

2 Smart phones do not enhance Books enhance creativity crea tivity 3 Smart phones are harmful Book are harmless and extremely useful 4 Smart phones are expensive Books are not so expensive and models keep changing 5 Smart phones are not for Books ever are for ever Hajira Khan, Student of Standard-V, Indian School Salalah, Salalah, Sultanate of Oman 23

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What can you do in one minute?

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n our offices and workplaces we can hardly find time to do acts of worship and righteous deeds.

What can we do in the short time that we can find in our day? How can we make use of it?

Praise be to Allaah.

Time is of the essence, it is too precious to be wasted or neglected. The wise person is the one who pays attention to his time and does not treat it as a vessel to be filled with cheap things and vain talk. Instead, he limits it to worthy efforts and righteous deeds that please Allaah and benefit other people. Every minute of a person’s life carries the potential to raise his own status and to make his people happier, little by little.

If you are keen to attain the highest position, and bring the most happiness to your people, then forget about relaxing and keep away from empty amusement.

In one minute you can do a lot of good and earn much reward. In just one minute, by giving in charity, studying, memorizing, or striving to do good deeds, you can make sure that this minute of your life is not wasted. One minute may be recorded in your book of good deeds if you know how to make the most of it and take care of it:

Strive to make the most of each minute If you forget it, you forget the most important thing, the truth.

There follows a list of things that can be done in one minute, by the permission of Allaah:

1. 1. In one minute you can recite Soorat alFaatihah 3 times, reciting rapidly and silently. Some scholars said that the reward for reading al-Faatihah is more than 600 hasanahs, so if you read it 3 times you will, by the permission of Allaah, gain more than 1800 hasanahs – all of that in one minute.

2. In one minute you can recite Soorat al-Ikhlaas (Qul Huwa Allaahu Ahad) 20 times, reciting rapidly and silently. Reciting it once is equivalent to onethird of the Qur’aan. If you read it 20 times it is equivalent to reading the Qur’aan 7 times. If you read it 20 times in one minute each day, you will 24

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have read it 600 times in one month, and 7200 times in one year, which will be equal in reward to reading the Qur’aan 2400 times.

3. You can read one page of the Book of Allaah in one minute.

4. You can memorize a short aayah of the Book of Allaah in one minute.

5. In one minute you can say Laa ilaaha ill-Allaah wahdahu laa shareeka lah, lahu’l-mulk wa lahu’lhamd wa huwa ‘ala kulli shay’in qadeer (There is no god except Allaah alone with no partner; to Him be dominion and praise, and He is Able to do all things) – 20 times. The reward for saying this is like freeing 8 slaves for the sake of Allaah from among the sons of Ismaa’eel.

6. In one minute you can say Subhaan Allaahi wa bi hamdihi (Glory and praise be to Allaah) 100 times. Whoever says that in one day will be forgiven for his sins even if they are like the foam of the sea.

7. In one minute you can say Subhaan Allaahi wa bi hamdihi Subhaan Allaah il-‘Azeem(Glory and praise be to Allaah, glory be to Allaah the Almighty) 50 times. These are two phrases which are light on the lips, heavy in the balance and beloved to the Most Merciful, as was narrated by al-Bukhaari and Muslim.

8. The Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) said: “When I say ‘Subhaan Allaah, wa’lhamdu Lillah, wa laa ilaah ill-Allaah, wa Allaahu akbar (Glory be to Allaah, praise be to Allaah, there is no god except Allaah, and Allaah is Most Great)’, this is more beloved to me than all that the sun rises upon.” (Narrated by Muslim). In one minute, you can say all of these words more than 18 times. These words are the most beloved words to Allaah, the best of words, and they weigh heavily in the balance of good deeds, as was narrated in the saheeh ahaadeeth.

9. In one minute you can say, Laa hawla wa laa quwwata illa Billaah (there is no strength and no power except with Allaah) more than 40 times. This is one of the treasures of Paradise, as was narrated by al-Bukhaari and Muslim. They are a means of putting up with difficulties and of aiming to achieve

great things.

10. In one minute you can say Laa ilaaha ill-Allaah approximately 50 times. This is the greatest word, for it is the word of Tawheed, the good word, the word that stands firm. If these are the last words of a person, he will enter Paradise, and there are other reports which indicate how great these words are.

11. In one minute you can say Subhaan Allaah wa bi hamdih, ‘adada khalqihi, wa ridaa nafsihi, wazinata ‘arshihi, wa midaada kalimaatihi (Glory and praise be to Allaah, as much as the number of His creation, as much as pleases Him, as much as the weight of His Throne and as much as the ink of His words) more than 15 times. This words bring many more times the reward for other forms of tasbeeh and dhikr, as was reported in saheeh ahaadeeth from the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him).

12. In one minute you can seek the forgiveness of Allaah more than 100 times by saying “AstaghfirAllaah (I seek the forgiveness of Allaah). The virtues of seeking forgiveness are no secret, for it is the means of attaining forgiveness and entering Paradise, and it is the means of being granted a good life, increasing one’s strength, warding off disasters, making things easier, bringing rain and increasing one’s wealth and children.

13. You can say a few brief and concise words in one minute, and Allaah may bring about some good through them that you could never imagine.

14. In one minute you can send blessings on the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) 50 times by saying Sall-Allaahu ‘alayhi wa sallam (May Allaah bless him and grant him peace). In return Allaah will send blessings upon you 500 hundred times because one blessing brings ten like it.

15. In one minute you can motivate your heart to give thanks to Allaah, to love Him, to fear Him, to put hope in Him, to long for Him, and thus travel through the stages of ‘uboodiyyah (total enslavement to Allaah). You could do this when you are lying on your bed or walking in the street.

16. In one minute you can read more than two pages of a useful book that is easy to understand.

17. In one minute you can uphold the ties of kinship 25

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by calling a relative on the phone.

18. You can raise your hands and recite any du’aa’ you wish from the books of du’aa’, in one minute.

19. You can say salaams to and shake hands with a number of people in one minute.

20. You can forbid an evil action in one minute.

21. You can enjoin something good in one minute.

22. You can offer sincere advice to a brother in one minute.

23. You can console someone who is depressed in one minute.

24. You can remove something harmful from the road in one minute.

25. Making the most of one minute motivates you to make the most of other periods that would otherwise be wasted.

Al-Shaafa’i (may Allaah have mercy on him) said: When people go to sleep, I let my tears flow, and I recite a verse of the most eloquent poetry Is it not a waste that nights go by and I do not increase in knowledge, yet this time is counted as part of my life?

Finally, the more sincere you are towards Allaah and the more aware you are of Him, the greater will be your reward and the more your hasanaat will increase.

Note that most of these actions will not cost you anything; they do not require tahaarah (purity) and they will not tire you out or take much effort. On the contrary, you can do them whilst you are walking, or in your car, or lying down, or standing, or sitting, or waiting for somebody.

These actions are also among the greatest means of attaining happiness, expanding the chest (i.e., bringing relief and joy) and removing stress and anxiety.

May Allaah help us and you to do that which He loves and which pleases Him. May Allaah bless our Prophet Muhammad.

Islam Q&A Sheikh Muhammed Salih Al-Munajjid http://islamqa.info/en/4156

UNDERSTANDING OF SHARIAT (ISLAMIC LAWS) E.g. , Quran, Sunnah and Ijma (consensus ofSahaba) Part V, Continued from previous issue…..

I By Gheyas Hashmi I

FATAWAS (FORMAL LEGAL OPINONS) OF SAHABA (COMPANIONS OF THE PROPHET (S)

Ashab (companions) of the prophet (S) learnt Sunnah through listening to him and through observing his actions. They have seen his Wudu (ablution), Salat (prayers) and Haj rituals, etc. They did exactly what they had seen and what they had listened as if every action was essential for them. They did no less no more. No one can say them that they were doing wrong as they were working based on their own listening and observation whether right or wrong. Only few Sahaba were close to the prophet (S) and few were learned. Majority of them were common people. As per rough estimate, 10% Sahaba reported Hadith and 50% of them reported only one Hadith. As much as 125 Sahaba’s Fatwa are available.

Sahaba were commonly not in a position to understand classification of Sunnah. These listening and observations differed from Sahabi to Sahabi according to the grasping capacity, intellectual capability, qualification, and the time they spent with the prophet (S).

Reporting of Hadith is different from understanding of Hadith and giving judgment accordingly. Although Abu Hurairah (R) ranks first in reporting numbers of Hadith but he was not Imam Faqih Mujtahid (Jurist), while Omar Bin Khattab (R) reported only about 537 Hadith but he ranks first as a Jurist. It does not mean that Omar (R) did not know Hadith more than these numbers. As written in last issue he used to prohibit narration. So, how he could do it for himself. So, there are two kinds of people, one who transmits words of Hadith and they are called Huffaz Hadith (Preserver of Hadith). The 2nd one is he who transmits meaning of Hadith and they are called Fuqha and Mufti (Jurist).

Common people were dependent upon Fatwa from learned Sahabi (jurists). There were two kinds of Taqlid (to follow an Imam Mujtahid in religious laws and commandment). 1. Taqlid Mutlaq (unrestricted to one Imam Mujtahid) 2. Taqlid Shakhshi (restricted to one Imam Mujtahid). There are lots of 26

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examples of Taqlid during Sahaba time and later.

Here is only one example from each kind:-

Taqleed Mutlaque: While sending Abdullah bin Masood to Kufa, the Caliph Omar (R) has addressed a letter to Kufa inhabitants writing that he is sending to them Ammar bin Yasir (R) as his Amir and Abdullah bin Masood (R) as his minister & teacher. They are noble companions of the Prophet (S) and are from Badar. They are required to listen to them and follow them.

Taqleed Shakhshi: Some people asked an issue from Sahabi Abu Musa Ash’ry (R). He answered but asked them to counter-check with Abdullah bin Mas’oud (R). The Fatwa given by Abdullah (R) was different from him. At their reporting of the view of Abdullah (R) to Abu Musa (R) he said to them that they should not ask him as long as Abdullah bin Mas’oud (R) is among them (Bukhari & Musnad, Ahmad).

All jurists from Sahaba used to follow Quran and Hadith and if any issue is not within their knowledge of Hadith, they used to wait till any Sahabi came forward and witnessed that he knew Sunnah of the prophet (S) on so and so issue. If not found, they used to work on Qiyas (Analogy). 2nd caliph Omar (R) had written a letter to Judge/Shuraih (R) that he should pass judgment based on Quran and Sunnah. If not, he should work on Ijma’ (Consensus). If not, he should do Ijtihad (personal reasoning). A jurist cannot say that he is sorry he cannot find the answer in Quran & Sunnah. He may wait some time but he has to give answer to the public. Here are some examples of their approaches to Quran & Sunnah:

1.A woman came to Abu Backer (R) and asked heritage of her grandson whose mother died. He replied that he could not find any reference about it in Quran, and as for Sunnah there was nothing for her as per his knowledge. Go back till he gets it from the people (i.e. let us see if anybody knows Sunnah about it). Mughaira (R) and Mohammad bin Muslama witnessed that the prophet (S) had given 6th in their presence (Mutafaq Alaih and Mota Imam Malik).

2.Abu Backer (R) had taken decision to fight with

those who refused to pay Zakat (Muttafaq Alaih)

Eagle and Chicken

Once upon a time there was a large mountain side where there an eagle's nest rested. The eagle nest contains four large eagle eggs.

One day an earthquake rocked the mountain causing one of the eggs to roll down the mountain, to a chicken farm, located in the 4.Omar (R) was of the opinion that wife should not get heritage from the blood money of the husband. valley below. The chickens knew that they When he heard later about the narration, he came must protect and care for the eagle's egg, so back from his opinion. an old hen volunteered to nurture and raise the large egg.

5.If any abortion happens to a woman due to the One day the egg hatched and a beautiful physical quarrel, what should be the blood-money. eagle was born. Sadly, however the eagle A Sahabi told Omar (R) and such incident had happened during the prophet’s time and he ordered to was raised to be a chicken. Soon the eagle pay 500 Dirham. After hearing this Omar (R) said if believed he was nothing more than a he had given opinion at his discretion it might be chicken. The eagle did what the other contrary. chicken did. It scratched in the dirt for seeds.

It clucked and crackled. It never flew more 6.The 3rd caliph Uthman Ghani (R) said that he than a few feet because that is what the other would be following Quran and Sunnah and would also emulate the last caliphs’ decision and methodol- chickens did. The eagle loved his home and ogy. He would take the matters that could be unanifamily but his spirit cried out for more. mously decided during his tenure. The last caliph Ali While playing a game on the farm one day he bin Abi Talib (R) also practiced the same. looked to the skies above and noticed an 7.Iman Nisayi reports that once some people came to eagle soaring gracefully and majestically in the skies. He asked the chickens: "what is Ibn Masoud (R) in order to seek Fatwa on a woman’s eligibility to receive Mehr if her husband that beautiful bird?' the chickens replied, died before the fixation. After avoiding them for "That is an eagle. He is an outstanding bird, some time, Hazrat Abdullah Ibn Masood (RA) told but you cannot fly like him because you are them that the wife would receive the Mehr (accordjust a chicken." So the eagle never gave it a ing to the practice in wife’s family). After the versecond thought, believing that to be truth. He dict he repeated that if it was correct then it was lived the life of and died as a chicken deprivfrom Allah and His messenger and if not then it should be attributed with himself and Satan. Another ing himself of his heritage because of lack of Sahabi heard the verdict and swore by Allah that he vision.

3.Quran only mentions Jijyah (Tax) levy on AhleKitab. Omar bin Khattab (R) kept silent on it about Magus (Fire worshiper) till Abdulrehman bin Ouf (R) confirmed that the prophet had taken Jizya from Magus.

heard the Prophet (S) giving the same verdict on a similar situation. On hearing this Ibn Masood (RA) was absolutely ecstatic and pleased. ….. to be continued

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What a waste! He was born to win but conditioned to lose.

The same thing is true for most people. The unfortunate part of life is as Oliver Wendall Holmes said, " We don't achieve excellence because our own lack of vision."

Don't let negative people drag you down. Remember that a person's character is not only judged by the company they keep but also by the company they avoid.

Ideology as a cover for political agenda: New ICHR Chief is a Communal Ideologue

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I By Ram Puniyani I

lectoral and political arena is only one of the grounds through which political agenda of vested interests is achieved. Capturing of people’s mind, the ideological propagation, is the foundation on which political agenda stands and perpetuates itself. That’s how the change in History text books or teaching a communal version of History is a necessary part of sectarian nationalism in many South Asian countries. In Pakistan the communal elements teach that foundation of Pakistan begins with the victory of Mohammad bin Kasim in Sind in eight century! One knows that the basic difference in the kingdoms and nation states is too gross to be glossed over like this but any way if communalists have the levers of power, like education, in their hands anything can be manipulated and presented in a form which indoctrinates the large section of population. That’s how when the NDA Government came to power last time around (1999), one of its action was changing the history books to bring in the communal version of the past. This time around with BJP led NDA coming to power with bigger majority, matters are going to be worse off if one looks at Had Prof Rao done some rational study in to unwhat is being planned in the arena of education in touchability, caste system and other practices, which particular. were criticized by many during rising Indian national movement, he would have known that caste system’s Prof. Y.Sudarshan Rao, not much known for his acaadverse effects were not due to the rule of Muslim demic accomplishments in the discipline of History, kings, but were inherent in scriptures, which rehas been appointed as the chief of ICHR (Indian flected social system of that time. As such the social Council for Historical Research). Prof. Rao has been arrangement of that time gradually got transformed working on proving the historicity of epics like Rainto hereditary system. With this purity-pollution mayana and Mahabharata. In addition rather than came in; an accompaniment much before the advent peer-reviewed research papers, he has been speaking of rule of Muslim kings. his mind through blogs, which are reflective of his ideological moorings. Though he claims not to be Muslim kings as such did not change the social syspart of RSS, his outpourings do show the inklings of tem of caste in any way. That was not their goal anyagenda of Hindu Rashra inherent in them, the glorifiway. On the contrary the Muslim community itself cation of caste system, the glorification of Hindu came to adopt caste system at social level. While in past and it’s being tarnished by alien Muslim rule.

Pakistan the communal Historiography refuses to As per him the “Most of the questionable social cusrecognize the existence of Hinduism, Hindus, in toms in the Indian society as pointed out by the EngIndia the communal thinking puts all the blame of lish educated Indian intellectuals and the Western abominable social customs to ‘outside’ influence. In scholars could be traced to this period of Muslim tune with that the attempt of the new Chief of ICHR rule in north India spanning over seven centuries.” is to put the blame of the adverse practices of caste He argues that “The (caste) system was working system to external factors, the Muslim rule. In Prof. well in ancient times and we do not find any comRao’s fictional history, the inconvenient portions are plaint from any quarters against it.” omitted and the picture is created ‘where’ all the 28

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evils are due to external factor of Muslim kings. At basic level he forgets that Muslim kings retained the social system prevalent here and their administration was a mixed one, Hindu-Muslim one, e.g. 34% of Court officials of Aurangzeb were Hindus. This ideologically indoctrinated Professor wants to erase from his and our memory the fact that caste system and oppressive gender hierarchy do get well articulated in Manu smriti, which reflects the social norms which came to be rooted by first and second Century AD.

There are quotes in the Rig Veda and Manusmriti to show that low castes were prohibited from coming close to the high castes and they were to live outside the village. While this does not imply that a fullfledged caste system had come into being in Rig Vedic times, the four-fold division of society into varnas did exist, which became a fairly rigid caste system by the time of the Manusmriti.

‘In Vajasaneyi Samhita (composed around tenth century BC) the words Chandal and Paulkasa occur. In Chhandogya Upanishad (composed around eighth century BC) it is clearly said that “those persons whose acts were low will quickly attain an evil birth of a dog or a hog or a Chandala”.’ (Chhandogya Upanishad V. 10.7)

The first major incursions of Muslim invaders into India began around the eleventh century AD, and the European conquests of India began in the seventeenth–eighteenth centuries.

The shudras began to be excluded from caste society, and ‘upper’ castes were barred from inter-dining or inter-marrying with them. Notions of ‘purity’ and ‘pollution’ were enforced strictly to maintain caste boundaries much before that. Shudras became ‘untouchables’ and this rigid social division that Manu’s Manav Dharmashastra (Human Law Code) codified.

M.S. Golwalkar, the late Sarsanghchalak (Supremo) of the Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh (RSS), upholds the Varna system, ‘It is none of the so-called drawbacks of Hindu Social order, which prevents us from regaining our ancient glory.’ (M.S. Golwalkar, We or Our Nationhood Defined, Bharat Publications, Nagpur, 1939, p. 63.) Later he defended it in a different way, ‘If a developed society realizes that the existing differences are due to the scientific social 29

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structure and that they indicate the different limbs of body social, the diversity would not be construed as a blemish.’ (Organiser, 1 December 1952, p. 7) Deendayal Upadhyaya, another major ideologue of Sangh Parivar stated, ‘In our concept of four castes (varnas), they are thought of as different limbs of virat purush (the primeval man)…These limbs are not only complimentary to one another but even further there is individuality, unity. There is a complete identity of interests, identity, belonging…If this idea is not kept alive, the caste instead of being complimentary can produce conflict. But then that is a distortion.’ (D. Upadhyaya, Integral Humanism, New Delhi, Bharatiya Jansangh, 1965, p. 43) The best contrast in the approach to abolition of the caste system and untouchability can be seen in the approaches of Ambedkar and Golwalkar. The former, holding Manusmriti as the upholder of caste system initiated a social movement which led to burning of this holy tome, while the latter wrote eulogies of Manu and the system of law provided by him.

As far as the argument that ‘the system served well and there no complaints’, is half true and half false. Yes it worked well for the upper castes who were the beneficiaries. It was oppressive and inhuman to the lower castes. Yes, there are no complaints recorded, very true. The low castes were excluded from the arena of learning, so there is no question of dissatisfaction being recorded. While as a matter of fact right from the time of Lord Buddha, the protests against the caste system came up, Buddhism itself was a movement against the system of caste hierarchy. The medieval saints like Kabir and his likes powerfully expressed the sigh of oppression of the lower castes, their suffering at the hands of the beneficiaries of the caste system, whose cause Prof Rao is espousing and upholding. What direction our scholarship of the past, caste-gender hierarchy will take is becoming clear with the changes which have been brought in ICHR. Sign of times to come!

-Response only to ram.puniyani@gmail.com

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‫؟‬ϣ ϟΎ̰ ϣΎ ̯έϳ ϣο έϭ΍Ύ ϧ΍ ‫̲ للل‬ϧ Οϳ ̯έη έϭ΍έϳ Χ 0DGLKD )DWLPD ϡΩ̵Ρ‫؟‬ϑ΍ρϡ‫ ؟‬ ΕϳΎ̰η ̶̯ ؏ϭϳΗΩΎϳί ̶̯ ؏ϭ̳ϭϟ ‫ف‬γ ˷Ώέ ‫ف‬ϧ̡΍ ϩϭ ‫ل‬ΎϬΗ ϩΩέϭΧ ϡΧί έϬ̡ Ν΁ ϩϭ ‫̰؟‬ϧϭϳ̯ ΎϬΗ Ύ٫έ ϭέ ϩϭ ‫ف‬ϧ α΍ ̶ϬΗ ̶ηϭϣΎΧ ϭγ έΎ̩ ؏Ύ٫ϭ ϥ̰ϳϟ ̶ϟ΍վ ϩΎ̴ϧ ̮ϳ΍ ΏϧΎΟ ̶̯ ϥΎϣγ΁ ‫ف‬ϧ α΍ ‫ل‬ΎϬΗ Ύ٫ έ έ̯ ϭΟ Ύϧ΍ ‫̶ل‬ϬΗ ̵έΎΟ ε̰ϣη̯ ΕΧγ ̨ϳΑ ‫ ̯ف‬Ύϧ΍ έϭ΍ έϳϣο ‫ ̯ف‬α΍ ؏Ύ٬Ο Ύ̰ϧΎϬΟ έΩϧ΍ ‫ف‬ϧ̡΍ ϩέΎΑϭΩ ΎΟ ̶Η֐̡̰ ϝϭρ ϭΟ ̶ϬΗ ΙΣΑ ϝϳϭρ ̮ϳ΍ ‫؟‬ϳ ‫ل‬ΎΗϳΩ ‫ـ‬Ω Ώ΍ϭΟ Ύ̯ α΍ ‫ف‬γ΍ έϳϣο Ύ̯ α΍ ̶Ηέ̯ ϩϭ̰η ؏ϳ٬ϣΗ ϭ٫ ‫ف‬٫έ ΎϬΟϣγ ‫ف‬ϬΟϣ ϡΗ µµ Ύϳ̯ ΏρΎΧϣ ϭ̯ έϳϣο έ̯ ̮ϬΗ ‫ف‬ϧ ϥΎγϧ΍ έΧ΁ ‫̶ل‬ϬΗ ̶٫έ ‫ف‬Ηέ̯ ؏ϭϳ̯ ΍έΑ ϬΗΎγ ‫ـ‬έϳϣ ϩϭ έϬ̡ Ύϳ̯ ؏ϳ٬ϧ ΍έΑ ̶ϬΑ̯ ϬΗΎγ ‫؏ ̯ف‬ϭ̳ϭϟ ‫ف‬ϧ ؏ϳϣ ‫ف ̯؟‬٫ ̶ϬΑ ϡϭϠόϣ ´ ˮ ؏ϳ٫ έ̡ ̶΋΍έΑ έ٫ ̶̯ ؏ϭ̳ϭϟ ϡΗ ϥ̰ϳϟ ‫ف‬Ηέ̯ ؏ϳ٬ϧ ΍έΑ Ϭ̩̯ έ̯ ϬΟϭΑ ϥΎΟ ϡΗ ؏ϭ٫ ΎΗϧΎΟ ؏ϳϣ ؏Ύ٫µµ έϳϣο ¶¶‫ف ل‬ΗΎ̡ έ̯ ؏ϳ٬ϧ ΕΑΣϣ ‫ف‬γ ϡΗ ϩϭ ‫ ̯؟‬ϭ٫ ‫؟‬Οϭ ̶٬ϳ ‫ف‬٫ ΎΗ̰γ ϭ٫ ‫ل‬ϭ٫ ‫ف‬Η٬̯ ϼϬΑ ΍έΑ ؏ϳ٬ϧ΍ ‫؟‬ϧ ̶ϬΑ ΍έΑ ؏ϳ٬ϧ΍ ؏ϳϣ Ώ΍ ‫ف‬٫ ̶Ηϭ٫ ‫ف‬γ ϑέρ ̶̯ ϥ΍ ϭΗ ̶΋΍έΑ ̶΋ϭ٫ ‫؟‬ϧ ΕΎΑ ̶΋ϭ̯ ϭΗ ‫؟‬ϳµµ ϥΎγϧ΍ ̵έϳϣ ̶٫ ‫؟‬ϳ έϭ΍ ؏ϭ٫ ϥΎγϧ΍ ؏ϳϣ ‫ـ‬έ̯ ‫؟‬ϧ αϭγΣϣ ̶ϬΑ Ϭ̩̯ ϭΟ ؏ϳ٬ϧ ϭΗ ‫؟‬Ηηέϓ ̶΋ϭ̯ ؏ϳϣ ‫؏ ل‬ϭ٬̯ ¶¶‫ف ل‬٫ ̵έϭίϣ̯ ϥ̰ϳϟ ؏ϳ٬ϧ ‫؟‬Ηηέϓ ϡΗ ̮η ‫ف‬Α ‫ف ل‬٫ έΟ΍ Ε٬Α ؏ϳϣ έΑλ ‫ل‬ϭέ̯ έΑλ ˬ ΍έΑ ϭ٬̯ Εϣ ؏Ύ٫µµ έϳϣο ؏ϳ٬ϧ ϝλΎΣ ̶ϬΑ ϭ̯ ؏ϭΗηέϓϭΟ ‫ف‬٫ ΎΗ̰γέ̯ ϝλΎΣ ϡΎϘϣ ϩϭ ‫ ̯ف‬έ̯ έΑλ ϥΎγϧ΍ έϭ΍ ˬϭ٫ ϭΗ ϥΎγϧ΍ ¶¶‫ل‬ ϥ΍ ̶ϬΑ̯ Ύϳ ΎϳΩ Ώ΍ϭΟ έ̯ ՊϠ̡ ϭ̯ ϥ΍ ̶ϬΑ̯ Ύϳ̯ ؏ϭ٫ ΎΗέ̯ ϭΗ ̶٫ έΑλ ؏ϳϣ ϥ̰ϳϟ Ύϳϟ ϥΎϣ ϭϠ̩µµ ϥΎγϧ΍ έ٫ ‫ ̯ف‬ϥ΍ ‫ف‬ϧ ؏ϳϣ ̶ϬΑΗ ‫ف‬٫ ΎϳΩ ϡ̰Σ Ύ̯ ‫ف‬ϧϬ̯έ ‫֐ـ‬ϭΟ ϭ̯ ؏ϭΗηέ ‫ف‬ϧ ௌ ‫ ل‬Ύϳ̯ ϖϠόΗ ϊρϗ ‫ف‬γ ϬΗΎγ ‫ ̯ف‬ϥ΍ ̶ϬΑ ؏ϳϣ Ώ΍ αΑ Ώ΍ ϥ̰ϳϟ ‫؏ ل‬ϳ΋ΎΟ ՊϭՌ ‫؟‬ϧ ‫ف‬Ηηέ ؏ϳ٬̯ ‫ف ̯؟‬٫ ̶ϫΩΎγ ̟̩ έ̡ ϡϠυ ¶¶‫؏ ل‬ϳ٫ ‫ف‬Η΁ εϳ̡ ‫ف‬γ ϬΟϣ ϩϭ ΎγϳΟ Ύ̳ ؏΅΁ εϳ̡ ̶٫ ‫ف‬γϳϭ ¶¶‫ف ل‬Ηέ̯ ؏ϳ٬ϧ έΑλ ί̳έ٫ ϡΗ έϭ΍ ϭ٫ ρϠϏ ؏Ύ٬ϳ ϡΗ ؏ϳ٬ϧµµ έϳϣο έ̡ ϡϠυ ‫ ̯ف‬ϥ΍ ˬ Ύϳϟ ؏ϳ٬ϧ ‫؟‬ϟΩΑ ‫ف‬γ ϥ΍ ̶ϬΑ̯ˮ ‫ف‬٫ Ύϳ̯ έϭ΍ ϭΗ ؏ϳ٬ϧ έΑλ ‫؟‬ϳµµ έ̯ ΁ ؏ϳϣ εϳρ ϥΎγϧ΍ ‫ ̯؟‬ϭ٫ ϩί΍Ωϧ΍ ؏ϳ٬ϧ΍ ‫ ̯؟‬ΎΗ Ύ̳ ؏ϭϟ ‫؟‬ϟΩΑ έΑ΍έΑ ؏ϳϣ Ώ΍ ϥ̰ϳϟ ‫ل‬ΎϳΩ ؏ϳ٬ϧ Ώ΍ϭΟ έ̯ ՊϠ̡ ϭ̯ ϥ΍ ˬ Ύ٫έ ̟̩ ¶¶‫؟‬٬ϧϭ٫ ‫؏ ل‬ϳ٬ϧ ίϳ̩ ̶ϟϭϣόϣ ̶΋ϭ̯ ؏ϳϣ ‫ف‬Ϡ٬̡ ؏ϳϣ ϝΩ ‫؏ ̯؟‬ϳ٬ϧ ‫ف‬γϳ΍ ‫ف ل‬٫ ΎΗϭ٫ έ̡ Պϭ̩ ̶Ϡ٬̡ ‫؟‬ηϳϣ٫ έΑλµµ ΎϳΩ Ώ΍ϭΟ ˱΍έϭϓ ̶ϬΑ ‫ف‬ϧέϳϣο ϭΗ έΑλ ‫ل‬Ύϳϟ έ̯ έΑλ ‫ف‬ϧ ؏ϳϣ ϭϠ̩ ΎϬ̩΍ ‫̯؟‬ϭ٬̯ έϭ΍ ΅ΎΟ έ̯ ̟̩ έϬ̡ έϭ΍ ϭΩ ؏ΎϳϟΎ̳ ϭ٬̯ ϼϬΑ ΍έΑ ֐ϭϬ̩ έ̡ ௌ ‫؟‬ϠϣΎόϣ Ύϧ̡΍ έϭ΍ ϭ٬̯ ‫؟‬ϧ ΍έΑ ؏ϳ٬ϧ΍ ̶ϬΑ ؏ϳϣ ϝΩ ϡΗ ϭΗ ‫̩ف‬ϧ٬̡ ϑϳϠ̰Η ؏ϳ٬ϣΗ ΏΟ ΎϬΗ ΏΗ ¶¶‫ل‬ϭΩ ¶¶‫ف ل‬٫ Ύϳ̯ έΑλ ϭΩ ΎΗΑ ̶٫ ϡΗ έϬ̡ ϭΗ Ύϧ ؏ϭ٫ ΍έΑ Ε٬Α ϭΗ ؏ϳϣ ΎϬ̩΍µµ ‫ف‬γ ‫ف‬λϏ ϥΎγϧ΍ ̶̯ ̶٫ ௌ ‫؟‬ϳ ؏ϳ٫ Εϼ̰ηϣ ϭΟ ‫؟‬ϳ ϭϬ̰ϳΩµµ ‫ف‬΋ϭ٫ ‫ف‬Ηέ̯ ί΍Ωϧ΍ έυϧ ϭ̯ ‫ف‬λϏ ‫̰ف‬γ ΍ έϳϣο ̶٫ ΕϳΎ̰η ̭έΗ έ̡ ϥ΍έϭ΍ Ύϧέ̯ ϝϭΑϗ ‫ف‬γ ̶ϟΩ ϩΩΎη̯ ϭ̰ϧ΍ έϭ΍ ˬ ؏ϳ٫ ε΋Ύϣί΁ ̵έΎ٬ϣΗ ‫ف‬γ ϑέρ ˶ ¶¶‫ف ل‬٫ έΑλ ¶¶ˮ ؏ϭέ̯ Ύϳ̯ ؏ϳϣ ˬ ‫ف‬٫ ΎΗϭέ Ε٬Αέ̡ ‫˷ف‬ϳϭέ ‫؏ ̯ف‬ϭ̳ϭϟ ϝΩ ΍έϳϣ ϥ̰ϳϟ µµ ϥΎγϧ΍ 30

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‫ف‬γϳ̯ ‫ف‬γϳ̯ έ̡ ༞ ϡέ̯ ΍ ̶Αϧ ‫ف‬ϧ ‫̰؟‬ϣ έΎϔ̯ ϭέ̯ ΩΎϳ ‫ل‬ϭϬ̰ϳγ Ύϧέ̯ έΑλ ‫ف‬Ϡ٬̡ ‫ف‬γ Ώγµµ έϳϣο ̶̯ ϥ΍ ‫؟‬ηϳϣ٫ ‫ل‬Ύ٬̯ ؏ϳ٬ϧ Ϭ̩̯ ‫ف‬γ ̶γ̯ ̶ϬΑ̯ ‫ف‬ϧ ؏Ύ٬ΟϭΩ ΕϣΣέ ϥ̰ϳϟ ‫ف ل‬΋Ύϫվ ؏ϳ٬ϧ ϡϟΎυϣ Ω΍ΩόΗ ̶̯ ϥ΍ Ύϳ ‫ف‬ϬΗ ‫؟‬ϧ έϭΗϗΎρ Εϗϭ α΍ ϩϭ ‫؏ ̯؟‬ϳ٬ϧ ‫ف‬ϳϟ α΍ ‫ف ل‬٫έ εϭϣΎΧ ‫؏ ̯ف ΁̳ف‬ϭϳίϳϣΗΩΑ ‫ف‬ϧΎϫվ ϡϟΎυϣ ‫ف‬ϧ ؏ϭ٬ϧΟ ̶ϬΑ ϭ̯ ϥ΍ ΎϳΩ έ̯ ϑΎόϣ ϭ̯ Ώγ ‫ف‬ϧ ̟΁ ΩόΑ ‫̰؟ ̯ف‬ϣ ΢Ηϓ ‫̶ل‬ϬΗ ‫؟‬ϧ ϩΩΎϳί ϥ̰ϳϟ ‫فل‬ϬΗ έϭΗϗΎρ έϭ΍ ϩΩΎϳΫ ‫ف‬γ Ώγ ؏ϳϣ Ω΍ΩόΗ ϩϭ ΏΗ ‫̰؟‬ϧϻΎΣ ‫̶ل‬ϬΗ ̵ ֐ϭϬ̩ ‫؟‬ϧ έΛ̯ ̶΋ϭ̯ ؏ϳϣ ௌ ̶ϬΑ ̶ϧϣηΩ ϩϭ ̶̯ ϥ΍ έϭ΍ ̶ϬΗ ‫ف‬ϳϟ ‫̶ ̯ف‬ϟΎόΗ ௌ ̶ϓΎόϣ ‫؟‬ϳ ̶̯ ϥ΍ ‫̰؟‬ϧϭϳ̯ Ύϳϟ ؏ϳ٬ϧ ‫؟‬ϟΩΑ ؏ϭ٬ϧ΍ Ի ¶¶‫̶ل‬ϬΗ ‫ف‬ϳϟ ‫̶ ̯ف‬ϟΎόΗ Ի ̶٫ ΎϧΗ΍ ؏ϳέ̯ ϡϠυ ϩϭ ΎγϳΟ ‫ف ̯؟‬٫ Ύ٬̯ Ύ̯ ‫ف‬ϧϳϟ ‫؟‬ϟΩΑ ϭΗ ‫ف‬ϧ ௌ ϥ̰ϳϟµµ ‫ف‬γ ̵έΑλ ‫ف‬Α ϥΎγϧ΍ ¶¶‫؟ل‬ϟΩΑΎΗ̰γ ‫ف‬ϟ ؏ϳ٬ϧ ؏ϭϳ̯ ؏ϳϣ έϬ̡ ϭΗ ؏ϳ٫ ‫ف‬Η̰γ ‫ف‬ϟ ̶ϬΑ ϡ٫ ‫؟‬ϟΩΑ έϭλϗ ‫؏ ̯ف‬ϭέγϭΩ έϭ΍ ؏ϳ٫ ‫ف‬ΗΎΟ ̶̡ ϭ̯ ‫ف‬λϏ ϭΟ ‫ف ̯؟‬٫ Ύ٬̯ ̶ϬΑ ‫؟‬ϳ ϭΗ ‫ف‬ϧ ௌ µµ έϳϣο Ϭ̩̯ έ̯ ‫ف‬ϟ ‫؟‬ϟΩΑ ؏ϳ٬ϣΗ ̶ϬΑ ‫ف‬γϳϭ έϭ΍ ‫؏ ل‬ϳ٫ Ωϧγ̡ Ε٬Αϭ̯ ௌ ̱ϭϟ ̮ϳϧ ‫ف‬γϳ΍ ؏ϳ٫ ‫ف‬ΗϳΩ έ̯ ϑΎόϣ ¶¶ ‫ل‬Ύ̳ ϭ٫ εϭΧ αϔϧ ΍έΎ٬ϣΗ ϑέλ Ύ̳ ϭ٫ ؏ϳ٬ϧ ϝλΎΣ ¶¶‫ف ل‬ϬΟϣ Ύ̳ ‫ف‬Ϡϣ ϥϭ̰γ ϭΗ Ϭ̩̯ ‫فل‬΋ΎΟϭ٫ εϭΧ ̶٫ αϔϧ ΍έϳϣϭΗ µµ ‫ف‬γ ‫ف‬λϏ ϥΎγϧ΍ ‫ف ل‬٫ ϡΩϗ ϭΩ ϑέλ ΕϧΟ ‫ ̯؟‬ΎϬΗ Ύ٬̯ ‫ف‬ϧ ̱έίΑ ̶γ̯ ‫ل‬ΎΗέ̯ ؏ϳ٬ϧ εϭΧ ϭ̯ αϔϧ ϥΎϣϠγϣµµ έϳϣο ¶¶ ‫ل‬Ύ̳ ϭ٫ ؏ϳϣ ΕϧΟ ϡΩϗ ΍έγϭΩ ϭΗ ˬ ϭΩ Ϭ̯έ έ̡ αϔϧ ‫ف‬ϧ̡΍ ϡΗ ϡΩϗ ̮ϳ΍ ̶ϬΗ ̶٫έ ϭ٫ Εγ̡ Ύϧ΍ ̶̯ α΍ ΩϳΎη ‫̶للل‬ηϭϣΎΧ ϥΎγϧ΍ ‫ف‬γ έΛ΍ ‫̧ ̯ف‬ϭγ ΕΑΛϣ ̵έΎ٬ϣΗ ϩϭ ‫ ̯؟‬ΎΗ ϭ̩ϭγ ̶٫ ΎϬ̩΍ έϭ΍ ϭΩ ֐ϭϬ̩ Ύϧ٬̯ ϼϬΑ ΍έΑ ϡΗ µµ έϳϣο ¶¶ ‫؏ ل‬ϳΗϳΩ ؏ϳ٬ϧ ‫ف‬ϧϭ٫ ΍έΎ٬ϣΗ ؏ϳ٬ϧ΍ ؏ϳ̩ϭγ ̶ϔϧϣ ‫؟‬ϳ ̵έΎ٬ϣΗ ‫؏ ل‬ϳ΋ΎΟ ϝΩΑ ϥ΍ ௌ ‫؏ ل‬ϳ٫ ‫ف‬Ηέ̯ ̶΋΍έΑ έϬ̡ ϩϭ ϭΗ ؏ϭ٫ ΎΗ̴ϟ ‫ف‬ϧ̩ϭγ ΎϬ̩΍ ΏΟ ؏ϳϣ ˮ ؏ϭέ̯ Ύϳ̯ ؏ϳϣ ϭΗ µµ ϥΎγϧ΍ ¶¶‫ل‬ΎΗϳΩ ‫ـ‬Ω ؏ϳ٬ϧ ؏ϭϳ̯ Εϳ΍Ω٫ ϭ̯ ‫ف‬٫έ ϝϭϬΑ ؏ϭϳ̯ ϩϭ ϡΗ ϥ̰ϳϟ ‫ل‬ϭ٫ ‫ف‬Η̰γέ̯ ΎϋΩ ϑέλ ϡΗ ‫ف‬٫ ϡΎ̯ Ύ̯ ௌ ΎϧϳΩ Εϳ΍Ω٫ ϭ̯ ϥ΍µµ έϳϣο ¶¶‫ل‬Ύϳ̯ Ύρϋ ؏ϳ٬ϣΗ ‫ف‬ϧ ௌ ϭΟ ϭ٫ ¶¶ˮΏϠρϣ Ύϳ̯µµ ϥΎγϧ΍ ¶¶ˮΎϧ ‫ف‬٫ ΩΎϳ ‫؟‬ϣΟέΗ Ύ̰γ ΍ ̶ϬΗ ̶̯ ΕϭϼΗ ̶̯ ̶Σοϟ΍ Γέϭγ ‫ف‬ϧ ϡΗ ؏ϳϣέΟϓ ίΎϣϧ ̶ϬΑ΍ µµ έϳϣο Ի ¶¶ ؏Ύ٫µµ ϥΎγϧ΍ ‫؟‬ϳϠϋ ௌ ̶Ϡλ ༝ ‫ـ‬΍ ϭ̡̰΁ ΍֐ϭϬ̩ ؏ϳ٬ϧ ‫فل‬΋ΎΟ ΎϬ̩ ϩϭ ΏΟ ̶̯ Ε΍έ έϭ΍ ‫ ̶̯ل‬ϥηϭέ ίϭέ ‫ف‬٫ ϡγϗ µµ ˶ ΎϳϧΩ ̶ϧόϳ ΕϟΎΣ ̶Ϡ٬̡ ‫ف‬ϳϟ ‫ ΁̟ ̯ف‬ΕέΧ΁ ˱ΎϧϳϘϳ έϭ΍ ‫ل‬΍ϭ٫ ν΍έΎϧ ϩϭ ‫؟‬ϧ έϭ΍ ‫ف‬ϧ Ώέ ‫ ΁̟ ̯ف‬ϡϠγϭ ؏ϳ΋ΎΟϭ٫ εϭΧ ༞ ̟΁ ‫ ̯؟‬Ύ̳ ‫ـ‬έ̯ Ύρϋ Ϭ̩̯ ϩϭ ϭ̯ ̟΁ ˷Ώέ Ύ̡̰΁ ΏϳέϘϧϋ έϭ΍ ‫فل‬٫ έΗ٬Α ؏ϳ٬̯ ‫ف‬γ ϭΗ ΎϬ̰ϳΩ ϑϗ΍ϭΎϧ ‫ف‬γ ‫ف‬Ηγ΍έ έϭ΍ ‫̵ ل‬Ω ̮ηϳΑ ̵Ω ؏ϳ٬ϧ ‫̴؟‬Ο έ̯ Ύ̡ ϡϳΗϳ ϭ̯ ̟΁ ‫ف‬ϧ α΍ ϼϬΑ ‫̳فل‬ έϭ΍ ‫ل‬Ύ̳ ‫ف‬ϳέ̯ ‫؟‬ϧ ϡΗγ έ̡ ϡϳΗϳ ̶ϬΑ ༞ ̟΁ ϭΗ ‫ل‬ΎϳΩ έ̯ ̶ϧϏ ϭΗ ΎϳΎ̡ ΕγΩ ̲ϧΗ έϭ΍ ‫ل‬ΎϳΎϬ̯Ω ‫؟‬Ηγέ ¶¶‫ل‬Ύ̳ ‫ف‬ϳ٫έ ‫ف‬Ηέ̯ ϥΎϳΑ Ύ̯ ؏ϭΗϣόϧ ̶̯ έΎ̳Ωέϭέ̡ ‫ف‬ϧ̡΍ έϭ΍ ‫ل‬Ύ̳ ‫ف‬ϳΟϳΩ ‫؟‬ϧ ̶̯֐ϬΟ ϭ̯ ‫ف‬ϟ΍ϭ ‫ف‬ϧ̴ϧΎϣ ‫̶ ̯ف‬ϠγΗ ϭ̯ ༞ ༝ ΕέοΣ ‫ف‬ϧ ̶ϟΎόΗ ௌ έ̡ ΕϳΫ΍ ϩΎϧ̡ ‫ف‬Α ̶̯ ϥϳϔϟΎΧϣ ؏ϳϣ ϩέϭγ α΍ µµ έϳϣο Ի ؏ϳ٬ϧ ؏ϳϣ ΕϻΎΣ ϝ̰ηϣ ϥ΍ ϭ̯ ༞ ̟΁ ‫ف‬ϧ α΍ έϭ΍ ‫ف‬٫ ϬΗΎγ ‫ ΁̟ ̯ف‬ௌ ‫ ̯؟‬ΎϳϻΩ ϥϳϘϳ ϬΗΎγ ϬΗΎγ ¶¶‫ل‬΍֐ϭϬ̩ 31

Bakhabar : August 2014

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έϳϣο ‫ف‬ϬΗ ؏ϳ٬ϧ ϭγϧ΁ ‫ـ ̯ف‬ϭ̰η Ώ΍ ‫؟‬ϳ ϥ̰ϳϟ ‫̴ف ل‬ϟ ‫ف‬ϧ٬Α ϭγϧ΁ ‫ف‬γ ؏ϭϬ̰ϧ΁ ̶̯ α΍ µµ ϥΎγϧ΍ ‫̶ل‬Ϭ̯έ ̵έΎΟ ΕΎΑ ̶ϧ̡΍ ‫ف‬ϧ α΍ ̶ϬΑΗ ΎϬΗ ϡϭϠόϣ ϭ̯ ‫؟‬ϳ ؏ϳ٬ϣΗ ‫ف‬ϧ α΍ ̶ϬΑΗ ‫ ̳ف‬ϭ٫ ‫؟‬Ηϓέ̳ ϝΩ έϬ̡ Ν΁ ϡΗ ‫ ̯؟‬ΎϬΗ ϡϭϠόϣ ϭ̯ ̶ϟΎόΗ ϭ ‫؟‬ϧΎΣΑγ ௌ µµ έϳϣο Ի ௌ ϭΗ ϭέ̯ έϭϏ ϡΗ έ̳΍ ‫؏ ل‬ϭ̰γ έ̯ εϳ̡ ΕΟΣ ‫ف‬ϧϣΎγ ‫ـ‬έΎ٬ϣΗ ‫ف‬γ΍ ؏ϳϣ ‫̯؟‬ΎΗ ̶΋΍έ̯ ΕϭϼΗ ϩέϭγ ‫؏ ̯ف‬Ύ٬ϳ ϭ٫ ‫ف‬٫έ έ̯έ̰ϓ ̶٫ ̶̯ ΎϳϧΩ ϡΗ έϭ΍ ؏ϳ٫ ؏ϳη΋Ύϣί΁ ̵ϭΎϳϧΩϭΗ ‫؟‬ϳ ؏ϳ٫ ‫ف‬٫έ Ύϣέϓ ‫ف‬γ ϡΗ ‫ف‬γ ΎϳϧΩ έΟ΍ Ύ̯ ΕέΧ΁ ‫̰؟‬ϧϭϳ̯ ‫ف‬ϳ٫Ύ̩ Ύϧϭ٫ ؏ϳ٬ϧ Ύγϳ΍ ؏ϳ٫ ‫ف‬٫έ έ̯ ̲ϧΗ ؏ϳ٬ϣΗ ‫ف‬ϳϭέ ‫؏ ̯ف‬ϭ̳ϭϟ ‫ف‬ϧ ؏ϳϣ Ύϳ̯ ‫ف‬ϬΗ ΍έγ΁ ‫ف‬Α ϡΗ ‫ل‬ϭέ̯ ‫؟‬ϧ ̵έ̰ηΎϧ ̵έϳϣ ‫ ̯ف‬έ̯ ‫ـ‬ϭ̰η ‫ف‬γ ϬΟϣ ‫ف ل‬٫ έΗ٬Α ؏ϳ٬̯ ؏ϳ٬ϣΗ Ύϳ̯ ‫ف‬ϬΗ ΝΎΗΣϣ ϡΗ ‫ ل‬Ύϳ̯ ؏ϳ٬ϧ ̶ϧϏ ؏ϳ٬ϣΗ ‫ف‬ϧ ؏ϳϣ Ύϳ̯ ‫ف‬ϬΗ ΕγΩ ̲ϧΗ ϡΗ ‫ل‬ΎϳΩ ؏ϳ٬ϧ ΍έγ΁ ؏ϳ٬ϣΗ ϭ٫ ؏ϳ٬ϧ ‫؟‬Ηϓέ̳ ϝΩ ̶ϬΑ̯ ϭΗ ‫ ̳ف‬ϭ٫έ ‫ف‬Ηέ̯ ΩΎϳ ؏ϳΗϣόϧ ̵έϳϣ ϡΗ ‫ل‬Ύϳϟ Ύ̩Α ؏ϳ٬ϧ ‫ف‬γ ̶ΟΎΗΣϣ ̶̯ ؏ϭ̳ϭϟ ¶¶‫̳ف ل‬ ̶٫ ΎϬΗ ϩϭ ̶όϗ΍ϭ‫ل‬ΎϬΗ Ύ٫έ έ̯ ΩΎϳ ؏ϳΗϣόϧ ̶̯ ௌ έϭ΍ ΎϬΗ Ύ٫έ ϭέ ‫ل‬ΎϬΗ Ύ٫έ ϥγ ϥΎγϧ΍ ΎϬΗ Ύ٫έ ϝϭΑ έϳϣο ‫ل‬ΎϬΗ ‫؟‬ΗϓΎϳ Εϳ΍Ω٫ ϩϭ Ν΁ έϭ΍ ΎϬΗ ΍ϭ٫ Ύ̰ՌϬΑ έϭ΍ ΍έ̰η Ύϧ ˬέΎ̴٫Ύϧ̳ ˬ̵ίΎϣϧ ‫ف‬Α ϩϭ ‫ف‬Ϡ٬̡ ϝΎγ Ϭ̩̯ ‫للل‬Ύϳ̯ ϡΎϣΗ ϩϭ ̶̯ ΎϳϧΩ ϭ̯ α΍ ‫ل‬ΎϬΗ ΎϳΩ ΎϬ̯Ω ‫؟‬Ηγ΍έ ΎϫΩϳγ ‫ف‬γ΍ ‫ف‬ϧ ௌ ‫ل‬ΎϬΗ ΎΗ٫Ύ̩ ΎϧϠ̩ έ̡ ϡϳϘΗγϣ ρ΍έλ ϩϭ Ύ̯ ௌ ϭΗ ̶ϬΑ ̶ϣέϧ ̶̯ ϝΩ έϭ΍ Εϳ΍Ω٫ ‫فل‬٫ ΎΗ̰γ έ̯ έϭλΗ ϥΎγϧ΍ ϡΎϋ ̮ϳ΍ ϭΟ ؏ϳϬΗ ̵Ω ؏ϳΗϣόϧ Ύ̯ α΍ ௌ ϭΗ ΎϬΗ Ύ٫έ ϭ٫ ΍έΑ ϬΗΎγ ‫ ̯ف‬α΍ έ̳΍ ‫ل‬ΎϬΗ Ύ٫έ έ̯ ‫ـ‬ϭ̰η ϩϭ ̶ϬΑ έϬ̡ ‫ف ل‬٫ ϡΎόϧ΍ ΍֐Α Ε٬Α ϥΎγϧ΍ έϭ΍ µµ ‫؏ ̯؟‬ϳ٫ ‫ف‬Η٬̯ ΢ϳΣλ ௌ ‫ف ل‬ϬΗ ‫ف‬٫έ ‫ـ‬Ω ؏ϳϣ Εέϭλ ̶̯ ؏ϭΗϣόϧ ϥ΍ ϭΗ ̶ϬΑ ϝΩΑϟ΍ ϡόϧ ¶¶‫ف ل‬٫ ΍έ̰ηΎϧ ̶٫ ΍֐Α ̶̯ ௌ ؏ϳ٬ϧ ؏ϭϳ̯ ϡ٫ ϭΗ ‫ف‬٫ ΎΗέ̯ έϭΎϬ̩ϧ ؏ϳΗϣόϧ έϭ΍ ‫ف‬٫ ΎΗϳΩ έ̯ ϑΎόϣ ؏ϳϣ٫ ௌ έ̳΍ µµ έϳϣο ̶̯ ؏ϭϟ΍ϭ ΎϳϧΩ ‫ف‬΋ΎΟΑ ̶̯ ΕέΧ΁ ‫ف ل‬Ηέ̯ ؏ϳ٬ϧ έΑλ ؏ϭϳ̯ ‫ف ل‬ΗϳΩ έ̯ ϑΎόϣ ϭ̯ ؏ϭΩϧΑ ‫ ̯ف‬ௌ έρΎΧ ‫ف‬ϧέ̯ ϑΎόϣ ௌ ‫ل‬ϭΩ έ̯ ϑΎόϣ ‫ف ̯؟‬٫ έΗ٬Α ϭέ̯ ί΍Ωϧ΍ έυϧ ؏ϳ٬ϧ΍ ϑέλ ϡΗ ‫؏ ل‬ϳ٫ ‫̴ف‬ϟ ؏ϳϣ έ̰ϓ ؏ϳ٬ϧ ϩΩ΋Ύϓ ̶΋ϭ̯ Ύ̯ Εη΍ΩέΑ ϭ έΑλ ‫؟‬ϧέϭ ϭ٬̯ ‫؟‬ϧ ϼϬΑ ΍έΑ ί̳έ٫ ؏ϳ٬ϧ΍ έϭ΍ ‫ف ل‬٫ ΎΗέ̯ Ωϧγ̡ ϭ̯ ؏ϭϟ΍ϭ ¶¶‫ل‬ϭέ̯ Ύ٫έ ‫ف‬Ηέ̯ ΍Ω΍έ̰η Ύ̯ α΍ έϭ΍ ϭέ̯ ΩΎϳ ؏ϳΗϣόϧ ̶̯ ௌ έ̡ϭ΍ ‫ف‬ϧ̡΍ έϭ΍ ‫ل‬ϭϟ έ̯ ϊϳγϭ ϝΩ ‫ل‬ ϩϭ ‫̮ ̯؟‬Η ؏Ύ٬ϳ ̶΋̳ ̶ΗՌϭՌ ϩϭ ̶΋̳ ̶Ηέ̯ έϭϏ έ̡ ؏ϭΗΎΑ ̶̯ έϳϣο ‫ف‬γϳΟ ‫ف‬γϳΟ Ύϧ΍ ̶̯ ϥΎγϧ΍ ϩϭ ϑέλ Ώ΍ ‫ل‬ΎϬΗ Ύϳ̯ ϩΩΟγ ‫ف‬ϧ ؏ϭΗηέϓ ‫ف‬γΟ Ύϳ̳ ΁ ‫ف‬ϧϣΎγ ̟ϭέ ϩϭ Ύ̯ ϥΎγϧ΍ Ώ΍ ‫̶ل‬΋̳ϭ٫ Ώ΋ΎϏ ‫ل‬Ύϳ̳ ϩέ ̶ϗΎΑ ¶¶έϳϣο µµ Ύ̯ α΍ ̶ϬΗΎγ ϥϳέΗ٬Α Ύ̯ α΍ έϭ΍ έΎ̳Ωέϭέ̡ ‫ف‬ϧ̡΍ ΎϬΗ Ύ٫έ ΍έ̰γϣ Ώ΍ ϩϭ ‫ل‬ΎϬΗ Ύϳ̳ ΁ έΑλ ϭ̯ α΍ ؏ϳϟ έ̯ ΩϧΑ ؏ϳϬ̰ϧ΁ έ̯ ̮ϬΗ ‫ف‬ϧ ϥΎγϧ΍ ‫ل‬έ̡ ̶ΑΎϳϣΎ̯ ̶ϧ̡΍ ΎϬΗ Ύ٫έ ΍έ̰γϣ ̶ϬΑ έϳϣο‫ ̯ف ل‬έ̯ ΩΎϳ ϭ̯ ΕΑΣϣ ̶̰γ΍ ‫ف‬ϳϟ ‫ف‬ϧ̡΍ έϭ΍ ؏ϳΗϣόϧ ̶̯ έϬ̡ Ν΁ ‫̰؟‬ϧϭϳ̯ ̶٫ ΎϬΗ ϭΗ Ύϧϭέ ‫ف‬γ΍ ΎϬΗ ΍ϭ٫ ϡΎ̯ Ύϧ Ν΁ ϥΎρϳη ‫ ل‬ΎϬΗ Ύ٫έ ϭέ ̶΋ϭ̯ ؏ϳ٬̯ έϭΩ ϥ̰ϳϟ ‫ل‬ΎϬΗ Ύϳ̳ ΁ ΏϟΎϏ έ̡ έη ‫ ̯ف‬ϥΎρϳη έϳΧ Ύ̯ έϳϣο ϬΟϣγ ‫ف‬Ηηέϓ ‫ل‬ϭ٫ εϭΧ Ε٬Α ϩϭ ‫ف‬γϳΟ Ύ̰ϣ̩ ‫ف‬γ έϭί Ε٬Α έϭϧ Ύ̯ ˷Ώέ έϭΩ Ε٬Α έ̡ ؏ϭϧΎϣγ΁ ‫ل‬Ύϳ̳ ΕϳΟ ϥΎϣϳ΍ ϝ˶ ٫΍ ̶΋ϭ̯ έϬ̡ Ν΁ ‫ف‬٫ ΎΗ̴ϟ ‫ف ̯؟‬΋̳

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Bakhabar : August 2014