Hello, my name is Başak Bilge Akçaoğlu. I was born in Sakarya in 1992.I studied architecture at Istanbul Technical University, Turkey. This is my portfolio that includes selected works I have done during the four years of my bachelor studies. I have tried to demonstrate my abilities and interests in various fields and scales which involve in architectural perspective. Currently, I am working on individual and group projects which aim to enlarge the limits of architecture by trying innovative methods and approaches. Find out more: https://www.behance.net/bilgeakcaoglu
Başak Bilge Akçaoğlu / Istanbul / Turkey bilgeakc@gmail.com +905532991944
Education 2006-2010 2011 Summer 2011-2016
Awards Milli Piyango Anatolian High School Bursa/Turkey English Language Centre Bristol/ UK Architecture, Istanbul Technical University /Turkey
Sketchup Rhinoceros Cinema 4D Autocad Lumion
Adobe Indesign Adobe Illustrator Adobe Photoshop Adobe Premiere Pro Microsoft Office
Language
2
Koctas Productions Interior Design Student Competition
2014
ARCHED(Architecture Education Association) Project Awards for Architecture
Encouragement Award Students 2015 ITU/LIXIL International Architecture Competititon 2015 Infocore/s Open Call Competition 2015 S.O.S Idea Competition for Architecture Students
Skills
Turkish English
2013
native speaker fluent
2nd Prize 3rd Prize Equivalent Mention Prize 1st Prize
Experiences 2013 2013 2014 2015 2015 2015 2016 2016 2015-
Arkizon Architects Intern Tasarım Atölyesi Kadıköy Intern Oytaş Yıldız Inşaat Construction Intern 14th Istanbul Biennial Assistant of Edgar Cleijne & Ellen Gallagher 14th Istanbul Biennial Exhibition Installation Volunteer Heyet21 Collective Sketching Events fb page Organizer Besiktas International Flower& Garden Festival Assistant of Adam Kalinowski Lot Studio Intern Gumwörk Collective http://gumwork.com Co-Founder
Contents page.
04>>>11 12>>>17 18>>>21 22>>>25 26>>>29
Re-Think ITU Energy Institute Gรถk-Yer Hanged
2016 2014 Awarded 2014 Awarded 2015 H.Paล a Urban Renewal Awarded 2015
Diploma Project Construction Project 6. Semester Project Student Competition Project Student Competition Project
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RE-THINK NYC W34 HUDSON RIVER HIGHLINE+
A Socio-Cultural Core Rooting and Spreading High Line To The Hudson River and Mid-Town Manhattan Supervisor: Prof. Ayse Senturer
Diploma Project / New York 2015/2016 Autumn Semester
How can we develop an architecture not only able to manage with potentially extreme conditions, but also capable of celebrating and enjoying environmental changes by embracing new ways of living in the future? The idea is directed by the future of New York which will occur inevitable differences in city life. By examining the question of what kind of life will be possible in the future,climate changes such as sea level rise and hurricane ; furthermore socio-economic changes like increasing need of affordable housing and homogeneous real-estate market became the focuses of the study. New York has its environmental problems that have been ignored, yet could be prevented .According to New York State Department of Environmental Conservation, by 2100, scientists project sea levels 18 to 50 inches higher than today along New York’s coastlines and estuaries, though a rise as high as 75 inches could occur. After Superstorm Sandy, which struck the New York City area in 2012, people started to take planning for extreme weather events more seriously. However, Physical condition of New York is not ready for the environmental threads. Otherwise, the need of affordable housing is gradually rising in spite of tryings to meet requirements. Because of the capital oriented hierarchical real estate system, affordable housing problem is left unsolved. Re-thinking about the future should include compulsory solutions for both environmental threads and affordable housing need. Re-think proposes a future which is developed by the citizens. In this future, means of organization are evolving from hierarchical to open and social; where the client or employer will not be the state or capital owner, but the public itself. The future is possible by using the problem solving capabilities of the nature in the manner that the city keeps up with all the predicted natural and social changes.
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HUDSON RIVER
Project Site Re-Think is at the end point of High Line (project), which the last phase was realized at 2014. This specific point of interest is taken place in between W34 and W33 streets, 11th Avenue and Hudson River Greenway and includes Hudson River extension of this block and the riverside.
The New Public Route The most important social value that the project has brought to the city is, it creates a new public walking route called Re-Think axis; which contains affordable housing units, social facilities and future institute as well. The route is between subway station and Hudson River; besides it intersects with the end of High Line.
Ignoring is not the Solution The project’s approach to water, which causes the biggest environmental issue of New York, is embracing, integrating and creating a public awareness about the water. The aim is to create a pilot area that reacts potential water issues of the city.
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A City Developed by Citizens The project idea is re-thinking the future which allows citizens to literally develop their cities ; not only advise about ongoing projects. New Yorkers’ Reaction Culture Throught history, New York has always been the city where initials experimented; and reactions obtained. So that the city has learned and developed by experimentation processes and reactions by the citizens. “Being opposed to something” sense has been settled to New Yorker culture since the period of protesting Moses projects. Citizens congregate in order to give decisions about their city via communities.
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“Community Boards” Since 1951, reaction mechanism of New York is systematized by “Community Boards” which are social platforms that citizens could make decisions about their city. Unfortunately, community boards are the part of hierarchical system which is mostly on the side of the mayor. Community Board’s opinion is just advisory and cannot alone stop a project continuing along the approval process. (Halle&Tiso, 2014, 274)
For this reason, claims of Community Board 4 observed and practiced. Some articles of Board’s Affordable Housing Plan of June 2015 are: -Ensure Equality in Apartment Distribution and Finishes -Affordable Housing, Parks and Open Spaces, Public infrastructure (Public School, Libraries, Healthcare Facilities, Police and Fire Protection, Art and Cultural Spaces) and community facilities, commitment to sustainability.
CHILDRENS PLAY AREA event room gym
socIAL GAP Encountering and meeting space which includes sports and social activities.
auditorium (280p) Technical rooms fire exitSERVICE SPACES
water fILTERING CIRCULATION VIEWING TOWER
audItorIum
Filtered water constituted from the wetland, exposed to UV filtering and becomes drinkable water here.
Hosts the events organized by the community center and invites in the local community as a setting for conferences and cultural events.
water treatment tower Final model photos:
EXHIBITION AREA LABORATORY SERVICE SPACES
FUTURE INSTITUTE Instıtute’s aims are introducing the project’s systems which created by considering “future” to visitors came through High Line and improving sustainable technologies in laboratory by professionals in order to explore problem-solving ability of nature; shares its informations as open-data housing units public spaces nursery/playground
housing Designed for low-middle income by considering equality and diversity.Housing types are designated in order to meet the newest housing requirements in New York. . Affordable housing for the low income is essential to provide diversity. offIces meeting rooms cafe
community center Creates an enviroment to manage and discuss the projects by Community Board 4, gives opportunity to citizens to have a word on their city. It is aimed to create open-to-public working spaces. 7
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PLANS 1/500
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A SECTIONS 1/500
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A2 8
Attempt to self-built environment: Housing Housing is consist of 8 housing blocks that are individual systems each. It is predicted that 40 people lives in each blocks. In the blocks, there are diverse housing typologies fictionalized together. Every block has several semi public and public spaces.
Housing Unit and Semi-Public Area Relations.
Re-think provided diversity in housing types and income levels in order to bring different backgrounds together and keep relations between people. In addition to the public walking route, there are common spaces between 2 or 3 apartments to ensure neighbourhood relations.
A view to wetland and housing units.
b SECTIONS 1/500
B1 B1
B2 B2
B3 B3
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Wetland: An ecological way to Water Treatment New York’s flooding problem is approached by an ecological method. Problem solving abilities of nature are taken as example while examining sea-level rise issue. Water absorption and sanitisation feature of wetlands are used.
wetland SECTIONS 1/20 outlet to primary clarification
inlet pipe and gravel for wastewater distribution
SUBSURFACE FLOW WETLAND block ground
native wetland plant species
wetland SECTIONS 1/20 inlet pipe and gravel for wastewater distribution
Hudson River floating island matrix
outlet to primary clarification
floating wetland on hudson river
ground anchoring
SUBSURFACE FLOW WETLAND block ground
native wetland plant species
Subsurface Flow Wetland Building Block Ground 10
Hudson River floating island matrix
Floating Wetland on Hudson River
Below: Apart from flooding problem, there is a water pollution issue because of current combined sewage system of New York City. By using the advantage of sanitisation feature of wetlands, stormwaters are filtered in wetlands. So, in bad weather conditions, sewage and storm water could stay seperated. Thus, Hudson River stays clean. On the other hand, cleaned stormwater receives UV filtration in transparent tubes on the tower; and it becames clean drinkable water.
Life fragments from public spaces. Housing corridor,the tower, community center and Highline entrance(below)
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ITU ENERGY INSTITUTE Supervisor: Asst. Prof. Dr. M. Cem Altun
Construction Project / ITU AyazaÄ&#x;a Campus / Ä°stanbul 2014-2015 Autumn Semester
ITU Energy Institute is a comprehensive faculty which contains nuclear reactor, laboratoires, academic staff rooms, auditorium and education units. Design is focused on zero-energy consumption and sustainability. The building meets energy requirements by solar panels and geotermal energy. Recyclable and local materials used in building systems to decrease carbon footprint and waste. Programs and positions of institute units are placed by observing their relations and sun/view factors. There are two main axis in plan. One is west-east direction, the other is southwest-northeast direction. Education, administration, academic staff, laboratory and cafeteria are seperate masses. Relations between these units are ensured by red tubes which emphasises the connection and provides independency for the units.
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Statü: Uygulama Projesi Pafta İsmi: Çatıda Su Uzaklaştırma Ölçek:1/200 Çizim Tarihi: 15.01.2015
Below: Programming scheme of the building at the beginning of design process. Programs and their required areas are visualised and their relations determined. By this method, it is studied which programs should be close to eachother. Right: Site plan shows relations with environment and roads.
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Section A. 1/1000 Classrooms-Auditorium-Academic Staff Rooms-Nuclear Reactor.
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arlık Fakültesi
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Section B. 1/1000 Cafeteria- Academic Staff Rooms- Laboratoires.
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Below, from left to right: 1. View from the campus entrance. 2. Faculty entrance from under the classroom units. 3. Entrance hall, where is the connection area of all units. 4. View from a red tube which reaches to nuclear reactor building.
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İstanbul Teknik Üniversitesi- Mimarlık Fakü Mimarlık Bölümü
Side View 1/1000 uygulama projesi 2014/2015 Güz Yarıyılı y.doç.dr. M. Cem Altun
İTÜ Enerji Enstitüsü Binası projesi
arlık Fakültesi
İstanbul Teknik Üniversitesi- Mimarlık Fakü Mimarlık Bölümü
uygulama projesi
2014/2015 Güz Yarıyılı y.doç.dr. M. Cem Altun/ 020100082 Başak Bilge Akçaoğlu
İTÜ Enerji Enstitüsü Binası projesi Başak Bilge Akçaoğlu / 020100082
Statü: Uygulama Projesi Pafta İsmi: Taşıyıcı Planı Ölçek:1/200 Çizim Tarihi: 15.01.2015
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PKG
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yazi isleri ofisi
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B02 Konferans Salonu
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Statü: Uygulama Projesi Pafta İsmi: Çatıda Su Uzaklaştırma Ölçek:1/200 Çizim Tarihi: 15.01.2015
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ı şap 55 mm alıtım şiltesi 5 mm arme 150 mm 00 mm m
SK01 Bitki katmanı (sedum) Toprak 10 cm Filtre Keçesi 1 mm Drenaj plakası 25 mm Su Depolama & Koruyucu keçe 8 mm Polietilen kök tutucu 0.5 mm XPS ısı yalıtımı 150 mm Pvc su yalıtımı örtüsü 2 mm Eğim Şapı min 30 mm max 39 mm %1 Eğim Epdm granüllü ses yalıtım şiltesi 5 mm Trapez levha + betonarme 150 mm Boşluk 55 cm Lineer grid ahşap asma tavan 10 cm
KABUK GÖRÜNÜŞ D
Bitki katmanı (sedum) Toprak 10 cm Filtre Keçesi 1 mm Drenaj plakası 25 mm Su Depolama & Koruyucu keçe 8 mm Polietilen kök tutucu 0.5 mm XPS ısı yalıtımı 150 mm Pvc su yalıtımı örtüsü 2 mm Eğim Şapı min 30 mm max 39 mm %1 Eğim Epdm granüllü ses yalıtım şiltesi 5 mm Trapez levha + betonarme 150 mm Boşluk 55 cm Lineer grid ahşap asma tavan 10 cm
Alüminyum Levha 4 mm PVC Su yalıtımı örtüsü 2 mm Çimentolu yonga Levha 18 mm XPS Isı yalıtımı 180 mm Alüminyum Levha(Spandrel) 4 mm
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Detail A
Alüminyum Levha 4 mm PVC Su yalıtımı örtüsü 2 mm Çimentolu yonga Levha 18 mm XPS Isı yalıtımı 180 mm Alüminyum Levha(Spandrel) 4 mm
55 cm çelik tij IPE500 çelik kiriş
Lineer grid ahşap asma tavan
40 cm çaplı boru profil
1.2 mm çaplı boru profil
Genleştirilmiş metal mesh sürme güneş kırıcı argon dolgulu 3 tabakalı cam 35x5 cm yatay alüminyum güneş kırıcı
Pvc kaplama 4 mm Polipropilen lif donatılı şap 55 mm Epdm granüllü ses yalıtım şiltesi 5 mm trapez levha + betonarme 150 mm Taşyünü ısı yalıtımı 100 mm Koruyucu keçe 0.8 mm Boşluk 43.2 cm linear grid ahşap asma tavan 10 cm
10x10 cm kutu profil
Çimentolu Yonga Levha 18 mm XPS Isı Yalıtımı 75 mm Alüminyum Levha 4 mm XPS Isı Yalıtımı 180 mm Alüminyum Levha(spandrel) 4 mm Boşluk 70 mm Genleştirilmiş metal mesh sürme güneş kırıcı 70 mm Boşluk 65 cm Yatay Güneş Kırıcı 35 cm
Detail B 30 cm çaplı boru profil galvanizli çelik sac levha
55 cm çelik tij IPE500 çelik kiriş
Platform Izgarası
40 cm çaplı boru profil
UPN 240 C Profil
Lineer grid ahşap asma tavan
Detail A İTÜ Mimarlık Fakültesi - Mimarlık Bölümü - Uygulama Projesi 14/15güz yy. - y. doç.dr. M.Cem Altun
İTÜ Enerji Enstitüsü Binası Projesi- Başak Bilge Akçaoğlu
Mimari Detay 1/5
1.2 mm çaplı çelik boru
MD01
ma tavan 10 cm
Pvc kaplama 4 mm Polipropilen lif donatılı dolgu betonu 60 mm XPS ısı yalıtımı 150 mm trapez levha + betonarme 150 mm
Çimentolu Yonga Levha 18 mm XPS Isı Yalıtımı 75 mm Alüminyum Levha 4 mm XPS Isı Yalıtımı 180 mm Alüminyum Levha(spandrel) 4 mm Boşluk 70 mm Genleştirilmiş metal mesh kayar güneş kırıcı 70 mm Boşluk 65 cm Yatay Güneş Kırıcı 35 cm
10x10 cm kutu profil
30 cm çaplı boru profil
Platform Izgarası
40 cm çaplı boru profil
UPN 240 C Profil
cu keçe askısı
platform ızgarası çelik tij
ik kiriş
çelik tij
40 cm çaplı boru profil
alüminyum giydirme cephe-taşıyıcı birleşim elemanı UPN240 C profil 30 cm çaplı boru profil
4 mm alüminyum levha (spandrel)
p lineer asma tavan
1,2 mm çaplı çelik boru
ahşap lineer asma tavan
1,2 mm çaplı çelik boru
Detail B 16
Mimarlık Bölümü - Uygulama Projesi 14/15güz yy. - y. doç.dr. M.Cem Altun
genleştirilmiş metal mesh sürgülü güneş kırıcı
The project is an attempt to realise a totally sustainable system Green roof provides a reflective and water absorptive surface. Also on the south facade there is horizontal sunshades which blocks sun lights in summer, welcomes in winter. Due to double facade, cool air could enter and circulate in the building. A strong heat insulation prevents heat changes originating from outside climates. In winter, warmed water by geotermal energy circulates in the building and provides a low-cost energy heating system inside the building.In summer, it creates a cool air circulation because of constant subsoil temparature.(16 °C)
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GÖK-YER Won the 2nd award in 2014 ARCHED (Architecture Education Association) Project Awards for Architecture Students
Supervisor: Dr. Deniz Aslan
6th Semester Project / Tarlabaşı / İstanbul 2014 Spring Semester
“The new city should be the intensification of an existing city.”
-Yona Friedman
The project is in city center of İstanbul: Tarlabaşı, aims to preserve historical built environment and provide vertical condensation in city center by structuring on top of buildings. In order to prevent horizontal city growth; Gök-Yer aims to condensate in city center area which has easy access by foot. Condensation in city center is much more sustainable way of urbanism than horizontal growth. According to US Environmental Protection Agency, Development guided by smart growth principles can minimize air and water pollution, reduce greenhouse gas emissions, encourage cleanup and reuse of contaminated properties, and preserve natural lands. Tarlabaşı, has been an authentic atmosphere with its urban texture and user profiles since the beginning of built environment on it. The district had been an housing zone of non-muslim minority until 6-7 September riots against non-muslim in 1955. Afterwards, there was a huge outflow and the neighbourhood had became a sanctuary place for oppressed classes. With Gök-yer, Tarlabaşı becames a neighbourhood which could meet the requirements of our age as well as it preserves its own atmosphere. The central topic of the idea is creating a production space without making any educational, monetary or cultural discrimination; where people only get together for producing,learning and sharing and create a melting pot which has been a substantial need of the neighbourhood and the city for long years.
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Tarlabaşı is an open air Became housing area of space; hasn’t been a built embassy workers. environment yet.
Urban texture of Tarlabaşı just before Gök-Yer
Gök-Yer has total number of 11 stairs and elevators between street level and project level. Circulation areas are carried with steel hangers to the main structure which are trussing and steel columns.
Gök-yer is the starting point of vertically grown city.
Vertical growth has changed the city. The historical texture is restorated and the city has became nature friendly and liveable.
trussing steel hanger horizontal circulation
main structure
With the masterplan by the studio, Tarlabaşı street is pedestrianized and carriage way is moved to under ground. Entrance of Gök-yer is a massive stairway on the ground of Tarlabaşı street.
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Main section between Tarlabaşı street and housing units.
Collage of physical working model and drawing.
Gökyer is a natural outcome of urban growth. Articulation, condensation and extension of the city are provided by vertical structures without damaging the substantial texture of the city. Therefore, old - forgotten and outsider city innovated with new additions.
The project is a juncture place for various fields. It consists a contemporary art school and also contains workshops and studios which are used by artists. There is an exhibition space for the artworks created in periods. Digital archive, printed archive and cinema are open to public.
View from housing units for artists.
Circulation between the units. 21
HANGED LIXIL 2015 “House for Enjoying the Harsh Cold” Themed Student Architecture Competition Project.
Won the 3rd award in ITU LIXIL Competition Collaborated with: Emirhan Altuner Gözde Çelebi Melike Yetim Meriç Arslanoğlu Mete Cem Arabacı Advisor: Asst. Prof. Dr. Sait Ali Köknar
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Competition Project / Taiki / Japan February 2015
Cold is the condition, which human being is always got smaller physically, where our perspective puckered up and where our landscape got narrowed. (we walked in the cold by in drafting our head or we blink our eyes to protect them from snow) In Memu meadows, this cold spread out into the landscape with its wide meadows or dark background of forest. A space is suggested that turns the “harsh cold” into a volume, which is hanged in the air and get lost, melted in the fiction and turns into a nature phases, in the Memu where phases of the nature can read from its landscape. Hanged, pulls off the volumes from the earth and blurs the space by its skin which extends from waist level to above; gets lost in the landscape. The landscape continues without an interruption on the ground. In perspective view, it is not definite where the space starts and ends. The user is exposed to feel the cold and the landscape of Memu in each spatial change. Openings and structural perspectives (skin pipes and upper courtyard) extricates users from puckering in cold and invite them to wander and enlarge in it. The structure is seen as blur/hallucination from a distance, presents a program which is undetected from outside; only perceived at close range with its 4 volumes.
TIMBER GRID SYSTEM 10*15 cm timbers to handle polypropylene pipes
POLYPROPYLENE PIPES Transparent pipes that can collect rain water and snow.
TIMBER STRUCTURE SYSTEM
COLLECTOR WALLS for convective loop system
OPAQUE ROOFS
TROMBE WALLS
ETFE SURFACES
“HANGED”
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A-A Section 1 ° Convection Loop System 2 ° Trombe Walls
B-B Section
SUMMER FALL pipes blow with Pipes collect the wind raindrops
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WINTER SPRING SUMMER Water inside pipes freeze
In our thinking of cold, instead of creating comfortable places, we prefer to adapt to cold and enjoy it by changing our behavior and program. We suggest separated four volumes, which are connected to each other with “skin” and inner courtyard. “Skin” is the part of our design, which can adapt to cold and answer it in physically. When it is raining, skin collects water drops; when it gets cold, it freezes; when the sun goes up, it vaporizes. Natural cycle of water redound on the skin.
We don’t suggest any mass heating system because this place doesn’t need any permanent solution. Instead of that, we prefer heating systems, which is activated by the users when they are on the site. (burning a bonfire will activate convective loop system and trombe walls will be filled by users as well) Reaction to the nature phases (freezing or vaporing of water that filled in) is ensured by persistent components of the structure. Because their material is polypropylene, it renders the
structure durable and substantial against transition between the phases. Overlapping transparent layers defines the privacy level inside and outside and completes the space and landscape without any interruption.
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HAYDARPAŞA URBAN RENEWAL S.O.S 2015 Architecture Students Idea Competition : Haydarpaşa and its Surroundings
Won the 1st award Collaborated with: Cafer Kutru Gözde Çelebi
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Competition Project / Haydarpaşa / İstanbul November 2015
An urban re-creation project aims to construct a vision for idea of “horizantalism” (Marina Sitrin, Horizontalism: Voices of Popular Power in Argentina, 2012) due to the usage of the metaphor of “spine”. Project is approached as a “public communication plan” that focuses on the re-weaving the movement of the city which is caught between the density of the city and the bosphorus line, continuously. The “spine” which is created between Ayrilikçesme and Sögütlüçesme stations for public transportation and, as in parallel, the spline which is formed of the unitile usage of the bosphorus line’s industrial structures are designed for the aim of communicative running of the surfaces of Kadiköy toward its borders, inside and outside. Basicly, it has been primarily noticed the daily movement of the city between Asian and European Side of Istanbul in transportation; also, it is aimed that the idea of protecting the public spaces of the city in a way of targeting the maximizing usage.
PUBLIC COMMUNICATION
TRANSPORTATİON SPINE
RENEWABLE ENERGY
Expopriating Haydarpasa Gare and TMO Silo- transformation of art spaces
Creating a transportation between Ayrılıkçeşme and Söğütlüçeşme zones
Treatment of Waste Water T.F
Expopriating Haydarpasa Gare and Harbour with open air cinema
Rearrenging the bus stations according to the bus routes and locations
Rearrenging the treatment facility to treating the Marmara sea
TMO Silo’s transformation of art spaces
Changing the place of interlining buses from pier to Söğütlüçeşme
Solar Power Panels
Preserving Haldun Taner stage and maximizing its visibility and usage
Constructing a funicular line between Kadıköy metro and Söğütlüçeşme
Solar Powered Lightings
Preserving K.B. Library and maximizing its visibility and usage
Rearrenging the metro stations of Kadiköy and Ayrılıkçeşme
Transforming the TCDD housing zoneto green spaces and sport areas Transforming the TCDD housing zone to city hub for daily usage
Rearrenging the metrobus station of Ayrılıkçeşme Rearrenging the ferry stations according to the pier art and square zone
Transforming the Kadikoy pier to art zone and outdoor sports
Rearrenging the ferry stations of IDO according to the new promenade
Creating agricultural spaces and educational structures at the TCDD h.z.
Rearrenging the ferryboat stations according to the new promenade
PROMENADE SPINE Creating a continuity on coastline of Üsküdar,Kadıköy and Caddebostan Creating a bicycyle road on coastline of Üsküdar,Kadıköy and Caddebostan
COMMERCIAL ZONES Revitalization of Salı Bazaar Creating public commercial zones
Transforming the coastline’s surfaces such as piers for fishing
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Programmatic scheme that demonstrates the status quo and action plans
TRANSPORTATION SPINE RE-ARRANGING ZONE
PROMENADE SPINE
TRANSPORTATION SPINE PROMENADE SPINE
PROMENADE ZONE
Zonings showed on the map of Üsküdar-Kadıköy 28
Old carriages used in Market Function
The way of connecting: Haydarpaşa; intersection of Üsküdar and Kadıköy Axonometric view
The way of connecting: Scenes
A daily market scene on Haydarpaşa station and railways 29