Architectural Portfolio for 2019 Summer Internship by ZHANG KUN

N G I DES HE OR T

ARCH

RAL

ECTU

FOL PORT

Gâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;S

HAN

NZ F KU

IO O

RCHIT

AN A

FEW

509 R

OBO TICS CASE Y ASH / PROJEC T2_G | TIA ROUP NNU _P O OU YANG ROJECT / JAN| HAL 2019 LEE T HOM PSON | KUN

ZHAN

KUN ZHANG |Candidate for Master of Architecture 2021 | University of Michigan 2414 Bishop Apt.19, Northwood II, 48105, Ann Arbor, Michigan Kunzh@umich.edu |+1-(734) 353 7145

ZHANGâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;S WORKS

SELECTED WORKS

OTHERS

Wedding Church in Paradise

Yanomami School in Rain Forest

Ship Graveyard Museum on Sea Bank

Form Studio

Wood Works

[Aug.2017-Sep.2017]

Negombo, Sri Lanka

[Sep.2017-Nov.2017]

Yanomami Park, Brazil

[Nov.2017-Dec.2017]

Aralsk City, Kazakhstan

[Sep.2018-Oct.2018]

ARCH 412, U of M

[Jul.2016-Aug.2016]

Shanghai, China

Selected Cooperative Designs & Photos

[Feb.2012-Feb.2016] [Nov.2014 Up To Now]

ZHANGâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;S WORKS

SELECTED WORKS

OTHERS

Wedding Church in Paradise

Yanomami School in Rain Forest

Ship Graveyard Museum on Sea Bank

Form Studio

Wood Works

[Aug.2017-Sep.2017]

Negombo, Sri Lanka

[Sep.2017-Nov.2017]

Yanomami Park, Brazil

[Nov.2017-Dec.2017]

Aralsk City, Kazakhstan

[Sep.2018-Oct.2018]

ARCH 412, U of M

[Jul.2016-Aug.2016]

Shanghai, China

Selected Cooperative Designs & Photos

[Feb.2012-Feb.2016] [Nov.2014 Up To Now]

WEDDING CHURCH IN PARADISE NEGOMBO, SRI LANKA

INDIVIDUAL PROJECT / AUG. 2017- SEP. 2017 RELIGIOUS PERSECUTION CAN NEVER HAPPEN IN A BUDDHISM COUNTRY. Buddhists give us a peaceful image normally, however, there are also extreme Buddhists turned their religion into violence. Churches and houses were destroyed due to such persecution. Itâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s hard to believe all above happened in such a beautiful paradise like Sri Lanka. Some evangelists there were threatened and even killed, houses were burned down. No actions were made by the government due to the majorities of the Buddhists. Silence spread throughout the country. To help those minorities in Sri Lanka, a wedding church was designed. The project aims to offer them a formal and decent location to return to the public. A site in the lagoon is chosen in Negombo, since the city is more international and has numerous Catholic churches, and the people there are milder than other regions. I hope this wedding church can also be an open volume for any religious minorities in Sri Lanka to present themselves to the public, crossing river.

WEDDING CHURCH IN PARADISE NEGOMBO, SRI LANKA

PERSECUTION

IN PARADISE

Sri Lanka, a beautiful island country, got some of the best beaches in the world and it’s a tourist destination, a lot of Buddhist holy sites, lots of tourism. It is very surprised for most of us to know that there is a lot of persecution in Sri Lanka. We used to think that most Buddhists are peace-loving people. What’s driving Buddhists become so violent? When people start to leave one religion, the primary religion of a country you know that usually happens, and it becomes especially Evangelical Christians which are often seen as American or Western. They thought American or Western cultures wreck, Sri Lanka, apart. They said, “this is a Buddhist country we don’t want this foreign religion in there.” As a result of that, the perse cutions happened.

Pastor AK had just planted his church in a rural area around Columbo, and he was assaulted by a group of monks and mobs when he was doing a Sunday service with 30 believers in his church. At first, the sound equipment, items of furniture were all destroyed by the mobs. And in that night, the mobs burned his church to the ground. As a minority group, Christians, especially evangelisms are very hard to survive in Sri Lanka. So I want to design a wedding church for them at Negombo, which is a beautiful coastal city and is less hostile to Christians since there are a lot of Christian churches in that city. I hope this wedding church can introduce Christianity to the people in Sri Lanka, and make it a peaceful wedding place for all people in Sri Lanka.

Negombo is a major city in Sri Lanka, situated on the west coast and at the mouth of the Negombo Lagoon, in Western Province. Negombo is the fourth largest city in Sri Lanka and it is also the administrative capital center of Negombo Division. Negombo is one of the major commercial hubs in Sri Lanka and it is a very important economic center in the country with about 144,551 inhabitants within city limits. It is approximately 35 km (22 mi) north of Colombo. Negombo is known for its centuries-old fishing industry, with busy fish markets and long, sandy beaches. Negombo is a westernized, vibrant city and it is one of the major tourist destinations in the country.

The main international airport (Bandaranayake International Airport)of Sri Lanka is in Negombo Metropolis. Negombo is a multi-religious city. Since the beginning of European colonization, the township of Negombo has had a majority of Roman Catholics along with Buddhists, Hindus, and Muslims.

Roman Catholic Islam Buddhist Hindu Other Christian denomi Others

62.2% 13.9% 12.4% 8.3% 3.2% 0.07%

Average High Temperat 300C Average Low Temperature 240C Average Precipitation2,345mm

" WHEN THE BUDDHIST MONKS IN THE MOB

CAME INSIDE THE CHURCH THEY STARTED USING BAD LANGUAGE AND SAID THIS IS A BUDDHIST COUNTRY AND WE CAN'T LET YOU HAVE A CHURCH INSIDE A BUDDHIST VILLAGE AND YOU HAVE TO

LEAVE. "

in o ves olumb ser C AK ea of r o r t Pas r ural a the

Negombo Lagoon is large semi-enclosed coastal water body with plenty of natural resources. The lagoon is fed by a number of small rivers and the Dutch canal. It is linked to the Indian Ocean by a narrow channel to the north, near Negombo city. Negombo Lagoon has extensive mangrove swamps and attracts a wide variety of water birds. The lagoon supports so many distinct

species of flora, fauna and as well as another species of birds and variety of animals. Negombo Lagoon is a major local and tourist attraction primarily for sightseeing and boating tours. The site has been chosen for that channel linking Negombo Lagoon to the Indian Ocean, having the Prince Island Hotel to its north and a small mangrove island to its northeast side.

PERSECUTION

IN PARADISE

Roman Catholic Islam Buddhist Hindu Other Christian denomi Others

62.2% 13.9% 12.4% 8.3% 3.2% 0.07%

Average High Temperat 300C Average Low Temperature 240C Average Precipitation2,345mm

" WHEN THE BUDDHIST MONKS IN THE MOB

CAME INSIDE THE CHURCH THEY STARTED USING BAD LANGUAGE AND SAID THIS IS A BUDDHIST COUNTRY AND WE CAN'T LET YOU HAVE A CHURCH INSIDE A BUDDHIST VILLAGE AND YOU HAVE TO

LEAVE. "

in o ves olumb ser C AK ea of r o r t Pas r ural a the

PROTOTYPE Mangrove trees have unusual roots which are specially adapted to soft, waterlogged soil. Namely, aerial roots(coastal zone), prop roots(middle zone) and kneed roots(inland zone). Prop roots have the most attractive looking, so it is chosen for further study and as a prototype for the columns of the wedding church.

Mangrove Trees

Roots Upside Columns

Dwelling Columns

Force Analysis

Mangrove Trees

Roots Upside Columns

Dwelling Columns

Force Analysis

WEDDING SPACE X 6

MULTIPLE OPEN SPACES FOR WEDDING CEREMONIES

Unlike any traditional churches which only can provide one indoor space for young couples to hold their wedding ceremony. This new design provides them with 5 extra wedding spaces, with totally 6 ceremony spaces. 4 on the first floor, 2 upstairs. What makes this design more interesting is the 4 wedding spaces on the first floor, they can provide the relatives some spaces for them to stay on their boats meanwhile participating the ceremonies. This new way can never be found in any traditional churches, and itâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s especially fit with the local water culture.

SITE PLAN SCALE 1:400

WEDDING SPACE X 6

MULTIPLE OPEN SPACES FOR WEDDING CEREMONIES

SITE PLAN SCALE 1:400

DOOR rotae to open

LADDER easy to move

SECTION A-A SPECIAL ENTRANCE special method to get into hotel rooms

DETAILS

DOOR rotae to open

LADDER easy to move

SECTION A-A SPECIAL ENTRANCE special method to get into hotel rooms

DETAILS

YANOMAMI SCHOOL IN RAIN FOREST YANOMAMI PARK, BRAZIL

INDIVISUAL PROJECT / SEP. 2017- NOV. 2017 DO YOU BELIEVE THERE ARE STILL SOME UNCONTACT ABORIGINALS AROUND THE WORLD WHO ARE SUSCEPTIBLE TO EVEN SOME COMMON DISEASE FROM THE WORLD OUTSIDE? YANOMAMI HAVE NUMEROUS TRIBES SUFFERED FROM SUCH COMMON COMMUNICABLE DISEASE, FACING THE DANGER OF EXTINCTION. Living in the Amazon tropical rain forest, the Yanomami first officially got contacted with outside in the 1960s, when Brazilian government built their roads and bridges across their territory. After the 1970s, their lives started to be disturbed by floods of private gold miners. They not only sucked the gold into the Yanomami territory but also destroyed their health by pouring tons of mercury into the water (recent report noted that the heavy metal level is above the acceptable standard). Furthermore, the uncontact Yanomami suffer even worse. They died in large numbers after the invasion of gold miners. Some extreme gold miners even massacre the whole villages. However, the Brazilian government wanted to legitimize the gold mining industry in Yanomami territory. The project aims to offer an alternative way to protect the living dignity of these minorities. The Yanomami NGO Hutukar and a Brazilian NGO - CCPY(Comissão Pró Yanomami), propose to design schools for the aboriginals as a part of their educational project. The project will be a decent location for them to get in touch with the outside world and to get to know their legal right under the Brazilian Constitution to better protect their homeland. Moreover, they can also learn how to write down their own languages with Latin characters and some basic mathematics skills. Therefore, I plotted the building into the village of Davi Kopenawa’s, who is a community leader, a shaman, and the spokesman for “Yanomami and Indian movement”. They have an airstrip and it is the best place for Yanomami people to get in touch with the outsiders like volunteers, anthropologists, scientists, and celebrities.

YANOMAMI SCHOOL IN RAIN FOREST YANOMAMI PARK, BRAZIL

GOLD RUSH & GENOCIDE During the 1980s, the Yanomami suffered immensely when up to 40,000 Brazilian gold-miners invaded their land. The miners shot them, destroyed many villages, and exposed them to diseases to which they had no immunity. Twenty percent of the Yanomami died in just seven years. After a long international campaign led by Davi Kopenawa Yanomami, Survival and the CCPY (Pro Yanomami Commission), Yanomami land in Brazil was finally demarcated as the ‘Yanomami Park’ in 1992 and the miners expelled.

SOLUTION

HISTORY

15K YEARS AGO 1940 A.D.

MERCURY CONTEMINATION GENERCIDE MALARIA

PROBLEMS SOCIAL

ROAD & INVATION In the early 1970s, the military government decided to build a road through the Amazon along the northern frontier. With no prior warning, bulldozers drove through the community of Opiktheri. Two villages were wiped out by diseases to which they had no immunity Yanomami continue to suffer from the devastating and lasting impacts of the road which brought in colonists, diseases, and alcohol. Today cattle ranchers and colonists use the road as an access point to invade and deforest the Yanomami area.

1970 A.D.

CONTACT & EPIDEMIC The Yanomami first came into sustained contact with outsiders in the 1940s when the Brazilian government sent teams to delimit the frontier with Venezuela. Soon the government’s Indian Protection Service and religious missionary groups established themselves there. This influx of people led to the first epidemics of measles and flu in which many Yanomami died.

1980 A.D.

MIGRATION The Yanomami are an indigenous group who live in the northern Amazon rainforest on the border of Brazil and Venezuela. There are approximately 350 villages of 5 different subdivisions spread out in the area. The geography consists of dense tropical forests mixed with savannas at the higher elevations. The topography ranges from flat to gently rolling hills and elevations of 250 to 1200 meters.Like most tribes on the continent, they probably migrated across the Bering Straits between Asia and America some 15,000 years ago, making their way slowly down to South America. Today their total population stands at around 35,000.

At the end of the 1980s, the Yanomami Indigenous Territory was invaded by 45,000 gold miners which led to the death of 20% of the Yanomami population. Today in the community of Aracaca, 92% of people had levels of mercury in their bodies above the limit recommended by the World Health Organization(WHO). Mercury used by miners to extract gold is poisoning the Indians who live in the Yanomami Indigenous Territory, in Roraima. That is the conclusion of a study carried out by the Oswaldo Cruz Foundation and the Socio-environmental Institute (ISA) at the request of Hutukara Yanomami Association.

In 2004, Yanomami from 11 regions in Brazil met to form their own organization, Hutukara (meaning ‘the part of the sky from which the earth was born’), to defend their rights and run their own projects. As a result of their increasing contact with outsiders, the Yanomami and CCPY, a Brazilian NGO, set up a Yanomami education project. One of its main aims is to raise awareness amongst the Yanomami of their rights. Yanomami teachers are being trained to teach reading, writing, and maths in their communities. Other Yanomami has been trained as health agents by Urihi, a healthcare NGO.

THE MONUMENT OF THE OLD DIGGER Boa Vista, capital of the Roraima state, close to the Yanomami Territory. The city was built by Gold diggers - the "Garimpeiros". The monument of the "Old Gold Digger" is the main attraction in Center of the city, The Idol of the city is the worst enemy of the Indians.

SOLUTION

HISTORY

15K YEARS AGO 1940 A.D.

MERCURY CONTEMINATION GENERCIDE MALARIA

PROBLEMS SOCIAL

1970 A.D.

1980 A.D.

SHABONOS / YANOS The shabonos (or yanos) are the traditional communal dwellings of the Yanomami tribes of Southern Venezuela and northern Brazil. They are circular buildings with an open-air central area in the middle. The dwellings are reconstructed every few years in order to adapt their size to the growth of the community. They usually have a general diameter of around 80m with the roofed area of approximately 10 m, but very different sizes have been recorded. Located in the middle of the jungle, the shabonos are wooden structures built using several species of plants and trunks and with thatched palms and different types of roots forming the roof. Each family in the community is housed in a sector of the circular structure sleeping in hammocks and cooking around its own hearth and storing food and a few belongings on racks and shelves. The internal half of the roofed area is used as a common corridor shared among the families. The central space is used for common activities such as rituals, ceremonies and feasts. Usually, a community of around 70 people is housed in a shabono.

Thatched Roof

Wood Purlins

LANGUAGE

GENDER ROLES

ECONOMY

MARRIAGE

The language of the Yanomami is called Yanomamo or Yanomami. It is part of the family Yanomaman (Yanoman). There are 4 subgroups of the language Yanoma, Sanuma, Ninam and Yanam. Dialects include Parima, Padamo-Orinoco, and Cobari. The language is thought to predate the Carib and Arawak language families. There is a formal dialect called Wayamo that is used by men during certain rituals.

Men hunt using the bow and arrow. They are heavily involved in food production and distribution. Clearing fields and tending the crops are large components of their responsibilities. They are responsible for cooking foods used in ritual ceremonies.Women spend their time preparing the daily meals such as manioc. They also catch crabs with their hands. Gardening is a part of their day as well.

Because the Yanomamo are a horticultural community there are frequent surpluses from their variety of crops. These are used to trade with other villages or outside of the Yanomamo community altogether. This is important as they are a non-monetary cultural system. Trade between tribes is used not only to acquire goods but to also build alliances between the groups.

F o r t h e Ya n o m a m o , marriage is typically monogamous or polygynous. Marriages must be between bilateral cross-cousins and are arranged. (Ironically, parallel cousins are forbidden to marry.)Marriage arrangement helps to develop ties between different villages and strengthen family ties. Females marry sometime after their first “yobomou” or menses to slightly older men.

The structures are extremely simple, but include several details which make them extremely functional; for example, the roof is made up of two parts, an outer one which covers the living area and which slopes outwards, and an inner one which slopes inwards, overlapped to prevent the rain of entering the interior. The floor of the roofed area is made of beaten earth, raised slightly above the level of the central communal area. Wood Columns & Beams

The outer wall of the shabono is punctuated by four main doors which lead to the main trails connecting the village to the gardens, the nearby streams, and to other Yanomami settlements in the area. Each Yanomami community is independent respect of the others and every decision is taken by common consensus inside a single community. Each family that is going to live in a particular section of the shabono is largely responsible for its construction, choosing different materials at their own wish.

Private Dwelling Unit

KINSHIP

SOCIAL ORGANIZATION

POLITICAL STRUCTURE

ROLE OF VIOLENCE

The matrilineal line is not discarded upon marriage, just given less emphasis. Society is broken down into monogamous and polygynous family groups. The husband could be considered the authority figure within the family.There is much evidence to support the idea that the relationship between men and women is much more egalitarian than previously believed.

The Yanomamo are a fairly egalitarian society. The main component of the social structure is the kin group. While kin is passed down the male side, that is not to say that woman is submissive to what many scholars describe as “male dominance.” There are certain tasks that men and women each perform, but the majority of the tasks are shared.

The political leader of the Yanomamo is the village “headman.” He typically comes from the largest patrilineal group.There can be multiple headmen depending on the size of the village. Their main task is to settle disputes between members of the village. Major decisions are made collectively by the adult males.

One example of violence that the Yanomami utilize is the use of raids or revenge killings. These occur when one village attacks another for the death of a member. This can contribute to a continuous cycle of attacking-killing-revenge-attacking. These raids are one way that a man can improve his status within the community. Another example of violence involves domestic abuse.

Public Corridor Ritual Yard

Wood Walls

RELIGION

ART

FOOD

DWELL

The Yanomami practice a form of Animism. A god called Omama put all the forests, trees, animals and people on the Earth. They believe that all living things (the plants, animals, and people) contain a spirit called xapiripe. A core tenet of their belief is that animals used to be human, but they did wrong and because of that behavior they became animals.

In the Yanomami artistic expression often coincides with spiritual practice. The two are intertwined. Visual arts include decorative baskets and weaponry such as quivers, arrows, spears, and blowguns. Yanomamo also decorates themselves.Women will use sticks to pierce multiple places on their face, while men will do the same to their ears-but to a lesser extent. Both men and women use vegetable dye to color their skin. Different colors can have specific representational meaning.

60 different crops make up about 75-80% of the society’s food source. The gathering is also a source of food for the Yanomami. This includes nuts, shellfish, insect larvae, 15 varieties of wild honey and over 500 species of plants.Fishing is another source of food. Hunting is a male-dominated activity and considered a prestigious skill. This accounts for 10% of the culture’s food. Animals hunted include peccary, tapir, deer, and monkey.

There are several cultural adaptations that they have made to adjust to the stresses in their environment. One of these is the limited clothing that they wear on a daily basis. This helps to keep them cool in the heat and humidity.Another adaptation they have made is sleeping in open-air dwellings in hammocks. This allows for more comfortable sleep in the warm night temperatures.

Thatched Roof

Wood Purlins

LANGUAGE

GENDER ROLES

ECONOMY

MARRIAGE

Private Dwelling Unit

KINSHIP

SOCIAL ORGANIZATION

POLITICAL STRUCTURE

ROLE OF VIOLENCE

Public Corridor Ritual Yard

Wood Walls

RELIGION

ART

FOOD

DWELL

Observation Decks MASS STUDY MODEL MAKING Scale: Material:

1:1000 zip-top can/cardboard/hot-melt

Outdoor Slides

2nd Floor Circulation

1st FLOOR PLAN 2 4 6 8 10

Roof Circulation

20M

ELEVATED CIRCULATION The elevated circulation provides the aboriginal people a more interesting loop when they are doing traditional religious ritual which used to be performed on a two-dimensional circle in the center of their shabonos (or yanos). Slides are added to offer them an easier way to go down, observation decks are used for security purpose for them to watch over their territory to prevent any unexpected intruders. Meanwhile, the deck can also be used as a place for shamans to negotiate with their gods.

AIRSTR

SITE PLAN 20 40 60 80 100

200M

SECTION

Observation Decks MASS STUDY MODEL MAKING Scale: Material:

1:1000 zip-top can/cardboard/hot-melt

Outdoor Slides

2nd Floor Circulation

1st FLOOR PLAN 2 4 6 8 10

Roof Circulation

20M

AIRSTR

SITE PLAN 20 40 60 80 100

200M

SECTION

STRUCTURE DETAILS The core of the whole structural system is steel structure. Such iron skeleton system provides the building with rhyme and elegant appearance besides basic structural purpose from the inside view. Steel frameworks can be produced resembled in larger units in factory which can make short the construction time. This way we can minimize the disturbance of construction. The walls used to separate different rooms and used

in the exhibiting halls are made of cheap OSB plates, and walls can also be prefabricated in factories. The outer parts of the lower semi-circle are concrete plates, we can exchanged some of the plates with solar panels for sustainable electricity usage, or we can use other green energy resources by using corresponding equipments. The outer parts of the higher semi-circle are steel plates and concrete plates

Concrete Plates

Concrete Stairs OSB Walls

Steel Frameworks

Inner Part Explosion

Outer Part Explosion

OSB Wall Unit

OSB Walls

Steel Framework Unit (lower parts) Concrete Plates

Unit Explosion (lower parts)

Steel Plates

Concrete Plates

Concrete Stairs OSB Walls

Steel Frameworks

Inner Part Explosion

Outer Part Explosion

OSB Wall Unit

OSB Walls

Steel Framework Unit (lower parts) Concrete Plates

Unit Explosion (lower parts)

Steel Plates

SHIP GRAVEYARD MUSEUM ON SEA BANK ARALSK CITY, KAZAKHSTAN

INDIVISUAL PROJECT / NOV. 2017- DEC. 2017 IT IS ANOTHER SAD STORY FROM THE FORMER SOVIET UNION. FISHING CITIES AND TOWNS WERE ABANDONED WITH DRIED OUT LAKES DUE TO A QUIXOTIC PROJECT. The Aral Sea, which used to be the fourth largest lake in the world, shrank and separated into two small lakes due to such economic project in the 1960s. Astonishingly, all experts had known the outcome clearly beforehand. However, preferred economic growth other than ecological maintenance, two great rivers were diverted to irrigate some cotton and melon fields in deserts. Thus, with no more inputting water and with an enormous amount of evaporation, the lake shank drastically. Actually, the government did have some plans for refilling the Aral Sea after making use of enough amount of water. Sadly, they gave up the plan because the huge amount of money to be inputted. The shrinkage brought a dozen of social problems to these coastal habitats. People were facing huge unemployment rates, health problems, and economical hardness. After completed the Kok-Aral Dam in 2005, the water retained annually to an optimistic future. Things are perfect except for one thing, most of the cities do not have any public places both for tourists and local fishermen near the lake. The project aims to provide a public meeting place for them to make full use of the local tourist resources like ship graveyard, waterfront, desert, fishing boats, etc. However, the recovering water coastline calls for a movable building. Thus, the design came out.

SHIP GRAVEYARD MUSEUM ON SEA BANK ARALSK CITY, KAZAKHSTAN

1960

The level of the Aral Sea in the late 1950s is customarily used as the reference to see how much water has been lost.

1973

in the 1970s, the the Aral’s level fell at an average of 50–60 cm per year.

1987

1999

In 1987, the continuing shrinkage split the lake into two separate bodies of water.

By 1998, the sea’s surface area had dropped to 28,687 km 2 and eighth largest.

HISTORY

There is now an ongoing effort in Kazakhstan to save and replenish the North Aral Sea. As part of this effort, a dam project was completed in 2005; in 2008, the water level in this lake had risen by 12 metres from its lowest level in 2003. Salinity has dropped, and fish are again found in sufficient numbers for some fishing to be viable. However, the outlook for the remnants of the South Aral Sea remains bleak. It has been called “one of the planet’s worst environmental disasters”.

AN AB

ANDO

NED S

HIP BU

RIED B Y DIRT

2015

The Kok-Aral Dam begins to allow waters in the North Aral Sea to rise.Salinity is rising; fisheries are shrinking.

ECONOMIC HARDSHIP UNEMPLOYMENT POLLUTION

The Aral Sea was once one of the four largest lakes in the world, situated between Kazakhstan in the north and Uzbekistan in the south. In the 1960’s the Soviet Tjects, and as a result by 2007 it had shrunk to 10% of its original size. Once prosperous fishing towns like Muynak were left stranded miles from the retreating waters, their boats high and dry on the salt-encrusted desert sand. ‘Aral Sea’ roughly translates as “Sea of Islands”, referring to more than 1,500 islands that once dotted its waters. It had an area of 68,000 square kilometres, now split into three much reduced lakes around the edges. The whole region is also heavily polluted, with consequent serious public health problems. The retreat of the sea has also caused local climate change, with summers becoming hotter and drier, and winters colder and longer.

2006

Despite expansion of the North Aral Sea, only some eight percent of the water volume of the late 1950s remains.

PROBLEMS SOCIAL Jobs & Hire states the Aral Sea has lost about 90 percent of its original size. A large part of the Aral Sea once had a flourishing fishing trade, and now the fishing trade is all but a memory. Unemployment and economic hardship flooded in when the water dried up, and the rest of the Aral Sea region is contaminated and unhealthy for the public. The dried seabed is still heavily polluted and the strong winds carry harmful substances such as pesticides and fertilizers used for the cotton productions, that have gone into the sea and have penetrated the soils in the whole area for decades. They are already resulting in chronic and hard diseases. Cancers, respiratory disorders, birth defects and immune disorders are common. The rate of oesophageal cancer in this area is 25 times higher than the world average.

SOLUTION

The see bed and ship graveyard around Aral Sea is a good tourism resource. However, there is not a decent spot for tourist to have a rest along the beach. Take Aral city for an example, there is no tourist resting place along the 12 km distance from the city to the water front. If we can provide a building for them, the tourism may be flourishing soon. It is also a good place for the local people to tell their stories to the tourists, so it can provide jobs for the local people. And this movable building can always at the water front and never be wasted.

1960

The level of the Aral Sea in the late 1950s is customarily used as the reference to see how much water has been lost.

1973

in the 1970s, the the Aral’s level fell at an average of 50–60 cm per year.

1987

1999

In 1987, the continuing shrinkage split the lake into two separate bodies of water.

By 1998, the sea’s surface area had dropped to 28,687 km 2 and eighth largest.

HISTORY

AN AB

ANDO

NED S

HIP BU

RIED B Y DIRT

2015

The Kok-Aral Dam begins to allow waters in the North Aral Sea to rise.Salinity is rising; fisheries are shrinking.

ECONOMIC HARDSHIP UNEMPLOYMENT POLLUTION

2006

Despite expansion of the North Aral Sea, only some eight percent of the water volume of the late 1950s remains.

SOLUTION

RONT

TER F D WA PECTE

SITE ANALYSIS

Site

en w a t er

s wh

Mov e

a b le

t r aj

e th to

tow n

fills

ecto ry

(Fr om

) fro nt

wa te r

Aral, also known as Aralsk or Aral’sk, (Kazakh: Арал, Aral, ‫;لارا‬ Russian: Аральск, Araljsk) Coordinates: 46°47N 61°40’E is a small city in south-western Kazakhstan, located in the oblast (region) of Kyzylorda. It serves as the administrative center of Aral District. Aral was formerly a fishing port and harbour city on the banks of the Aral Sea, and was a major supplier of fish to the neighbouring region. Population: 29,987 (2009 Census results). Since the retreat of the Aral Sea since 1960, due to diversion of the rivers flowing into it for irrigation, mainly of cotton, during the Soviet era, Aral is now completely landlocked about 12 km from the northern remnant of the Aral Sea, though this is less than the 100 km distance observed before the completion of a dam in 2005. Aral has greatly diminished in population and socioeconomic significance, resulting in high levels of unemployment. For the last 25 years it has not been possible to see the sea from the town. There are also serious health problems for the local population caused by airborne toxic chemicals[citation needed] exposed to the wind by the retreating waters and, possibly, from chemical and biological agents unsafely stored on the island of Vozrozhdeniya.

RONT

TER F D WA PECTE

SITE ANALYSIS

Site

en w a t er

s wh

Mov e

a b le

t r aj

e th to

tow n

fills

ecto ry

(Fr om

) fro nt

wa te r

3rd FLOOR PLAN

SECTION A-A

SCALE 1:250

1 2 3 4 5

10M

MEZZANINE FLOOR PLAN

INSIDE THE BOX On top of the movable platform, there are three main cores supporting the second and the third floors. The cores are used as lighting sources for the second floor. Meanwhile, the middle core also is used as the vertical transportation core. One of the side core is used as supplementary exhibiting space for it has many round balconies inside. All of the cores are supporting some supplementary staircases and balconies on the second floor. The second floor is the main exhibiting hall, and the third one is a cafe selling souvenirs and books, too.

2nd FLOOR PLAN

1234 5

SECTION B-B

SCALE 1:250

SCALE 1:350

10M

3rd FLOOR PLAN

SECTION A-A

SCALE 1:250

1 2 3 4 5

10M

MEZZANINE FLOOR PLAN

2nd FLOOR PLAN

1234 5

SECTION B-B

SCALE 1:250

SCALE 1:350

10M

Light Core Stair Core

THE SYSTEM The cores of the whole structural system are the three cores. The most outer facade of the second floor is decorated with rust slates. The inner facade is covered by aluminium plates. And they are separated by a circular observational terrace. The facade of the third floor is mainly supported by iron frames and glasses, and then covered by a second layer of iron frames and then the aluminium plates. The piers can be easily separated into several small parts to readily to be transported to the next station. The movable platform has no engines, thus it do not need any additional mechanical maintenance. When the building has to be moved, it can be dragged by common trailers.

Exhibiting Core Mezzanine Stairs Movable Recreational Decks Movable Platform

Observation Deck

Coffee and Bookstore

Observation Terrace Movable Piers

Exhibiting Hall Iron Frame

Iron Frame Iron Frame

Rust Plates

Lattice

Iron Plates Iron Plates

Light Core Stair Core

Exhibiting Core Mezzanine Stairs Movable Recreational Decks Movable Platform

Observation Deck

Coffee and Bookstore

Observation Terrace Movable Piers

Exhibiting Hall Iron Frame

Iron Frame Iron Frame

Rust Plates

Lattice

Iron Plates Iron Plates

FORM STUDIO

PROJECT2 ARCH412

04 INDIVISUAL PROJECT / SEP. 2018- OCT. 2018 SURFACE GRAPHICS AND TEXTURE MAPPING Starting at the analysis of a given precedent, for me it was the 21st Century Museum of Contemporary Art, Kanazawa, Japan, this project focus more on mapping comparing with the first project for this FORM STUDIO, however, the form of the whole project still played a significant role since all the texture mappings were applied to the surface of the form. Other than use the former form from project one, I decided to make a new form in order to practice more and get more feedback from the instructors Adam Fure, Ellie Abrons, Jacbo Comerci, and Jeff. In order to let us explore more and know more about project mapping, the instructors guided us to use light s, color filters, stencils to physically project diverse shadows on top of our forms. This hands-on method helped me a lot when processing projections on top of my Rhino model. The instructors were pleased with the final result of this form since it got diverse scales o f s p a c e b o t h i n s i d e a n d o u t s i d e . T h e t e xture mappings related well with the form which made the whole design more aligned. The building of this physical model was good practice for joining curved surfaces together. Instead of printing bristols to get the mapping patterns, I printed common papers and attached them to the model to get a better color result and a better resolution. The FORM STUDIO is a good starting point for any non-architectural background students to play with designing language and materials.

FORM STUDIO

PROJECT2 ARCH412

STEP 1 At the very beginning of this form studio, I studied four different precedents, and finally decided to focus on particular for the further developments. The 21st Century Museum of Contemporary Art, Kanazawa, Japan by SANNA was the chosen because of its unique shape of the plan, the round-like parameter which made the recomposition of much more interesting than the others. In the second figure, the original plan was studied by tracing the factional areas, serving areas, circulations, staircases, elevators, and outdoor areas. The third one is the re-composition of the second figure, in which I was trying to link the four entrances by the most efficient routes, and the routes finally cut plan by pieces.

STEP 2 The dark colored elements were extruded and treated as building elements for a new form, which will be later carved out as a whole in the next step, step 3. All elements should stay inside a 12” x 12” x 16”: The second figure was the initial assembly I made, all members are allocated either horizontally or vertically with only one exception, a slim diagonal shotted bar, which was removed in the next figure since the aperture it made was too small and the tunnel it produced made some NUBs which I do not want. With the help of Rhino actions like “Scale 1D”, “ Rotate”, “Split”, “Boolean Difference”, This form was upgraded in order to make smaller apertures since the apertures which the original assembly made were too large to hold the inside space still inside the outer shell. The final inner volume was worked back and forth with the outer shell form in STEP 3.

STEP 3 The starting point for the outer shell was a cylinder as shown in figure 1 on the right hand. Such cylinder was eaten up in seven steps mainly by different size cylinders with only one exception, in which the form was eaten up by a boolean combination of two cylinders as shown in figure 7. The final form was 3D printed and shown in the left page.

BASE IMAGE

Rotation

The basic image for this mapping process was a rotating whirlpool. I used this to enphasis the rotation impression from the top view of the form. A gradient image shooting diagnally from blue to orange through red was first made and following by action of motion blur and twirl distortion.

SHIFTING The colored areas were shifted to the right in order to highlight the rotation impression.

TAILS 3 more layers in different transparency were made in the same moving direction to make the rotation even more drastically since viewers can easily get the sense of velocity from these tails.

LAYERING Two different layers, linework and contrast colors, were added to the original mapping to further articulate it.

XRAY THE LIDS STEP 4 The final step is to add colors to the massing we had from previous steps by projecting different mappings to the volume. Here I chose four default isometric views in Rhino, namely, NE, NW, SE, SW. I chose as an example to explain the process. It can be divided into five different steps as shown in both the left page and the right. All other 3 directions were sharing the same processing method.

After all the coloring and linework were done, an illusion was made to trick viewers, that is, treat the Lids, the colored area inside the apertures, as transparent glass so that the inside structures could be seen through the same angle.

BASE IMAGE

Rotation

SHIFTING The colored areas were shifted to the right in order to highlight the rotation impression.

TAILS 3 more layers in different transparency were made in the same moving direction to make the rotation even more drastically since viewers can easily get the sense of velocity from these tails.

LAYERING Two different layers, linework and contrast colors, were added to the original mapping to further articulate it.

SELECTED WOOD

WORKS

SHANGHAI, CHINA

INDIVISUAL WORKS / JUL. 2016- AUG. 2016 EVERY PIECE OF WOOD IS DIFFERENT IN NATURE AND SHOULD BE PROCESSED CAREFULLY IN ORDER TO GET PROPERLY USED. What is the typical image of wood crafts? Warm feelings, smooth touchings, and always have something to do with the childhood memories of ours. Weâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;re surrounded by wood makings. Different from the Western world, which is built on stones, our Chinese civilization is founded on woods. Thousands of years have passed, some of the treating techniques are lost, however, the feelings of wood to us has never changed. I was amazed by the Mortise and Tenon for a long time, and I believe most of the ancient wisdom is based on those joints. In order to take a closer look and feeling toward woods, I took the wood making course, designed and made my first bench as my final project. Black Walnut and Beech was used at the dovetail joint to make a strong contrast. Cover plates were separated and placed at a 170-degree angle to better support hips. With the contractured plates jointing together, which were designed to form a slender feeling, there come arc-like joints. And these special joints naturally became the key feature of the bench.

Taken by Zhang Kun / Long Museum, Shanghai / 12-Aug-2016 Nikon D800 / AF-S50mm 1.8G / F10 / 1/100s / ISO100

SELECTED WOOD

WORKS

SHANGHAI, CHINA

Taken by Zhang Kun / Long Museum, Shanghai / 12-Aug-2016 Nikon D800 / AF-S50mm 1.8G / F10 / 1/100s / ISO100

The inclining angle on the cover plates was designed to better support hips. The interesting shapes of the dovetail tenons are the natural result when two battering plates joggled.

Cover Plate II Black Walnut

Cover Plate I Black Walnut

Name Plate Ebony

Beam Beech Side Plate II Beech

Side Plate I Beech

Taken by Zhang Kun / Wood DIY School / iphone6 / 16-Aug-2016

The inclining angle on the cover plates was designed to better support hips. The interesting shapes of the dovetail tenons are the natural result when two battering plates joggled.

Cover Plate II Black Walnut

Cover Plate I Black Walnut

Name Plate Ebony

Beam Beech Side Plate II Beech

Side Plate I Beech

Taken by Zhang Kun / Wood DIY School / iphone6 / 16-Aug-2016

Taken by Zhang Kun / 60cm3 Diffuser / 12-Aug-2016 Nikon D800 / AF-S50mm 1.8G / F10 / 1/80s / ISO100

BOWL Material: Processing Method: Coating:

Black Walnut Turning Sanding Olive Oil x 1 Layer

SPOON Material: Processing Method: Coating:

Black Walnut Carving Sanding Olive Oil x 1 Layer

BENCH Material: Processing Method:

Joggling Method: Coating:

Black Walnut Beech Ebony Sawing Chiselling Planing Joggling Sanding Straight Tenoning Dovetail Tenoning Resin Oil x 3 Layers

Taken by Zhang Kun / Long Museum, Shanghai / 12-Aug-2016 Nikon D800 / AF-S50mm 1.8G / F10 / 1/100s / ISO400

Taken by Zhang Kun / 60cm3 Diffuser / 12-Aug-2016 Nikon D800 / AF-S50mm 1.8G / F10 / 1/80s / ISO100

BOWL Material: Processing Method: Coating:

Black Walnut Turning Sanding Olive Oil x 1 Layer

SPOON Material: Processing Method: Coating:

Black Walnut Carving Sanding Olive Oil x 1 Layer

BENCH Material: Processing Method:

Joggling Method: Coating:

Black Walnut Beech Ebony Sawing Chiselling Planing Joggling Sanding Straight Tenoning Dovetail Tenoning Resin Oil x 3 Layers

Taken by Zhang Kun / Long Museum, Shanghai / 12-Aug-2016 Nikon D800 / AF-S50mm 1.8G / F10 / 1/100s / ISO400

SELECTED COOPERATIVE DESIGNS & PHOTOS SHANGHAI, CHINA INDIVISUAL WORKS / JUL. 2016- AUG. 2016 I AM HAPPY TO HAVE THESE FOUR YEARS OF UNUSUAL ARCHITECTURAL DESIGNING JOURNEY. Whir, whir, whir. Upon hearing the breath of my son Sober in the midnight, I stopped working for a short break. I stared blankly at my wedding photo, and started to reliving my past time: “16 years before, having an unrequited love, confessing love, being rejected, and being silent… Several years later, in 2007, reuniting, confessing love again, being in love, getting married, and having our first boy…” This is exactly my love story. I was that poor secret admirer but finally turned out to be an MR. Right to my wife.

Taken by Zhang Kun / Yu Jiapu Financial District, Tianjin, China / iphone6 / 22-May-2016

Taken by Zhang Kun / Dalian International Conference Center / iphone6 / 26-Aug-2017

Taken by Zhang Kun / Beijing Railway Station, Beijing, China / iphone6 / 21-May-2016

The relationship between architecture and me is analogue to that in my personal life mentioned above, and once again I was that poor secret admirer. I had lost my best chance to be an architecture student due to the college entrance examination. I thought that was a forever “no” for me, but things had changed after three years after my graduation from the major of Civil Engineering. I was encouraged by my wife to chase my dream to be an architect using a shotgun approach. As a layman, I am now expecting to further pursue my architectural dream in the United States after several years of professional architectural practice (being an assistant architect for 4 years, and meanwhile being an on-thejob postgraduate architectural student for 2.5 years). To some extent, my way being an architect is full of architectural equivalent of texture, which precisely demonstrated my constant enthusiasm and potential in this realm.

Taken by Zhang Kun / Da Gu Bridge, Tian Jin, China / iphone6 / 27-May-2016

Taken by Zhang Kun / Yu Jiapu Financial District, Tianjin, China / iphone6 / 22-May-2016

Taken by Zhang Kun / Dalian International Conference Center / iphone6 / 26-Aug-2017

Taken by Zhang Kun / Beijing Railway Station, Beijing, China / iphone6 / 21-May-2016

Taken by Zhang Kun / Da Gu Bridge, Tian Jin, China / iphone6 / 27-May-2016

Rendered by Professional Rendering Studio

Exhibition Center of Shougang Guiyang Special Steel Co., Ltd. Round I , Guiyang Bid 1st Prize / Apr.2015-May.2015 Architecture Department I, Zhubo Design Shanghai Company

-Concept Design -Architectural Modeling Design -Site Plan Customer: Shougang Guiyang Special -Floor Plans -Elevation Stell Co., Ltd. Supervisor: Ms. Xu Beibei -Section Team Mates: Mr. Shen Junyu -Massing Study Illustration -Bid File Making Zhang Kun’s Work:

Exhibition Center of Shougang Guiyang Special Steel Co., Ltd. Round II , Guiyang Bid 1st Prize / Aug.2015 Architecture Department I, Zhubo Design Shanghai Company

Zhang Kun’s Work: -Major Scheme -Concept Design Customer: Shougang Guiyang Spe- -Architectural Modeling Design cial Stell Co., Ltd. -Site Plan Supervisor: Ms. Xu Beibei -Floor Plans Team Mates: -Elevation Mr. Shen Junyu -Section (Mr. Qi Ze and Mr. Huang Daxin -Massing Study Illustration from Architecture Deparment II) -Bid File Making

Division of Scheme, Zhubo Design Shanghai Company

Zhang Kun’s Work: -Architectural Modeling Design (Larry Villa/ Town House/ Small High/ High Customer: Hisense Group Rise/ Landscape of the Site) Supervisor: Ms. Baiyan -Floor Plans (Larry Villa/ High Rise) Team Mates: -Elevation(Larry Villa/ High Rise) Mr. Qi Ze / Mr. Li Zhi / Ms. Wang -Section (Larry Villa/ High Rise) Xiaosheng / Ms. Liu Meichen

Headquarter of Yong Kang Rural Cooperative Bank, Yongkang Bid 1st Prize / Sep.2014-Oct.2014 Division of Scheme, Zhubo Design Shanghai Company

Xiaosheng Zhang Kun’s Work: -Concept Design Customer: Yong Kang Rural Coopera- -Architectural Modeling Design tive Bank -Floor Plans (Higher Parts) Supervisor: Ms. Baiyan -Massing Study (Physical Model) Team Mates: -Model Photography Mr. Qi Ze / Mr. Li Zhi / Ms. Wang

Rendered by Professional Rendering Studio

Tai Lake International Health City General Hospital of Xinyuan Group Round I , Huzhou Bid 1st Prize / Apr.2015-May.2015

Tai Lake International Health City General Hospital of Xinyuan Group Round II , Huzhou Bid 1st Prize / Jun.2015-Jul.2015

Architecture Department I, Zhubo Design Shanghai Company

Customer: Xinyuan Group Supervisor: Ms. Xu Beibei Team Mates: Department I (Mr. Li Wei / Mr. Shen Junyu/ Mr. Zhang Haoyu/ Mr. Li Tongtong / Ms. Xiao Ran) Department IV (Mr. Chen Hao / Ms. Sang Yiwen / Ms. Xu Jing / Ms. Wan Xuelian / Mr. Cheng Dawei)

Taken by Zhang Kun / 18-Oct-2014 Nikon D800 / AF-S50mm 1.8G F3.5 / 1/100s / ISO2500

Rendered by Professional Rendering Studio

Si Jiang Project ,Block 5363-06(10#/12#/21#), Qiangdao Enlarged Priliminary /Jan.2014-Mar.2015

Taken by Zhang Kun / 04-Jun-2015 Nikon D800 / AF-S 14-24mm F2.8G ED / 24mm / F4.5 / 1/320s / ISO50

Rendered by Professional Rendering Studio

Zhang Kun’s Work: -Design Process Illustration -Site Analysis -Medical Circulation Analysis -Facade Design -Public Space Design & Illustration -Green Science and Technology Illustration -Floor Plan Coloring -Model Photography -Bid File Making

Rendered by Zhang Kun Sketchup Pro8 + Keyshot 3.0

Mountain Jiabaoshan Block B, Shanyang Enlarged Priliminary /Jan.2014-Mar.2015 Division of Scheme, Zhubo Design Shanghai Company

Zhang Kun’s Work: -Concept Design -Architectural Modeling Design Customer: Shougang Guiyang Spe- -Site Plan cial Stell Co., Ltd. -Floor Plans Supervisor: Ms. Baiyan -Elevation Team Mates: -Section Mr. Qi Ze / Ms. Xiao Ran / Ms. Liu -Massing Study Illustration Meichen -Bid File Making

Zhang Kun’s Work: -Concept Illustration -Design Process Illustration -Site Analysis -Medical Circulation Analysis -Facade Design -Public Space Design & Illustration -Green Science and Technology Illustration -Floor Plan Coloring -Bid File Making

Rendered by Professional Rendering Studio

Jinxi Dianshan Lake Garden, Aijia Group, Kunshan Bid 1st Prize / Oct.2012 Shanghai Strategy Architecture Design Institute

Zhang Kun’s Work: -Architectural Modeling Design (Larry Customer: Shougang Guiyang Spe- Villas/ L-Shape Apartment) cial Stell Co., Ltd. -Floor Plans(Larry Villas/ L-Shape Apartment) Supervisor: Mr. Zhong Guodong -Elevation(Larry Villas/ L-Shape Team Mates: Apartment) Mr. Wang Su / Mr. Xie Guangzhi / -Section(Larry Villas/ L-Shape ApartMr. Bian Youxiang ment)

Rendered by Professional Rendering Studio

Exhibition Center of Shougang Guiyang Special Steel Co., Ltd. Round I , Guiyang Bid 1st Prize / Apr.2015-May.2015 Architecture Department I, Zhubo Design Shanghai Company

Exhibition Center of Shougang Guiyang Special Steel Co., Ltd. Round II , Guiyang Bid 1st Prize / Aug.2015 Architecture Department I, Zhubo Design Shanghai Company

Division of Scheme, Zhubo Design Shanghai Company

Headquarter of Yong Kang Rural Cooperative Bank, Yongkang Bid 1st Prize / Sep.2014-Oct.2014 Division of Scheme, Zhubo Design Shanghai Company

Rendered by Professional Rendering Studio

Tai Lake International Health City General Hospital of Xinyuan Group Round I , Huzhou Bid 1st Prize / Apr.2015-May.2015

Tai Lake International Health City General Hospital of Xinyuan Group Round II , Huzhou Bid 1st Prize / Jun.2015-Jul.2015

Architecture Department I, Zhubo Design Shanghai Company

Taken by Zhang Kun / 18-Oct-2014 Nikon D800 / AF-S50mm 1.8G F3.5 / 1/100s / ISO2500

Rendered by Professional Rendering Studio

Si Jiang Project ,Block 5363-06(10#/12#/21#), Qiangdao Enlarged Priliminary /Jan.2014-Mar.2015

Taken by Zhang Kun / 04-Jun-2015 Nikon D800 / AF-S 14-24mm F2.8G ED / 24mm / F4.5 / 1/320s / ISO50

Rendered by Professional Rendering Studio

Rendered by Zhang Kun Sketchup Pro8 + Keyshot 3.0

Mountain Jiabaoshan Block B, Shanyang Enlarged Priliminary /Jan.2014-Mar.2015 Division of Scheme, Zhubo Design Shanghai Company

Rendered by Professional Rendering Studio

Jinxi Dianshan Lake Garden, Aijia Group, Kunshan Bid 1st Prize / Oct.2012 Shanghai Strategy Architecture Design Institute

When I first turned to be an assistant architecture designer, being a great master first became my goal in life. Before I was trying to give an artificial breathing to save a poor 50-years-old touristâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s life in Viet Nam last April, designing landmarks or monuments is what I pursued. The poor man passed away at last, but I had tried my best, and I was the first guy standing out to do so. Thus, Iâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;m so proud of that. This incident, together with an uncompleted promised project introduced by Wybe, a friend of mine, made me much braver to help others and turned me to focus on designs helpful to people around, especially for those minorities who are in difficult conditions. Therefore, Helping People gradually became the melody while concerting my portfolio. Taking the localized cultural or environmental content as my starting point, I managed to help those minorities, vulnerable groups and neglected groups. For Sri Lanka Christians, the mangrove trees; for Yanomami people, the traditional donut houses; for people around Aral Sea, the ship wrecks and rising waters. Helping People coincides with my Christian belief and philanthropism became my career ambition in architectural designs.