ByZeng Port 201812

BINGYU ZENG Selected works 2012-2018 Email: zengby0818@gmail.com Mobile: (+86) 18755197748

Zeng Bingyu

EDUCATION

Syracuse University, US

08/2017-12/2018

School of Architecture (SOA)

HONORS & AWARDS

M.S. in Architecture

Graduation Honor

2017

Education Department of Anhui Province Top Ten Student

2014-2015

Anhui Jianzhu University Anhui Jianzhu University, China

National Scholarship

08/2012-06/2017

School of Architecture and Urban Planning

Ministry of Education of the People’s Republic of China

Bachelor of Architecture, with Graduation Honor

Excellent Course Work

2013-2014 2014

National Institutions of Higher Learning Professional Disciplines Construction

PROFESSIONAL EXPERIENCE

Architectural Intern

Steering Committee

05/2016-06/2016

Hefei Municipal Design & Research Institute Co., Ltd, China

First Class Scholarship (seven times)

• Finished the sketches of the infrastructure of a primary school and a middle

Anhui Jianzhu University

school in Hefei (the total area of 50000 square meters)

The Third Prize of “CNP” Cup The National English Speech Contest Anhui

• Provided overall planning

Division

• Independently completed the design of primary school teaching building

Issued By Foreign Language Teaching And Research Press, The Ministry of

• Responsible for the drawing of text analysis diagram

Education of Higher School University Foreign Language Teaching Steering

• Assisted the head in making bidding document

Committee, The Ministry of Education of Institutions of Higher Learning English

• Won the third place in the competitive bidding

Major Teaching Steering Committee

Art Consultant

06/2018-08/2018

OTHER ACTIVITIES

Surveying & Mapping of Ancestral Hall of Shu’s Family, Team leader,

IBR Xiong'An Public Arts Department, China

• Led a 12-people team, arranged tasks to teammates

• As architect, assisted with senior designers for public buildings and design

• Went on on-the-spot investigation at Ancestral Hall of Shu’s Family

researches

• In charge of profile data acquisition and drawing

• Created diagrams

• Discussed the plans for further improvement, and made the conclusion

2012-2016 2013

04/2015-05/2015

• As designer, assisted product manager deisign [YI] Gallery series events,

EXHIBITIONS & PUBLICATIONS

exhibitions and salons

Student's Platform for Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training

• Assisted in meeting records and archival works

ProgramThe

Xiong'an 1.0

05/2018

• Study on College Teaching Building Thermal Environment (Provincial Level)

2014

• The Study on the Renewal of the Old Residential Area Design (National Level)

2014

2018 Venice Biennale, under the theme "Time Space Existence", curated by the European Cultural Center;

SKILLS & LANGUAGES

2018 World Innovation & Entrepreneurship Expo (WIEE), Shanghai

SOFTWARES 2D Graphic: Auto CAD, Photoshop, InDesign, Illustrator, 3D Modeling: SketchUp, Rhinoceros, Revit

城市生态系统的未来，《时代建筑》, 同济大学建筑与城市规划学院 The Future of Urban Ecosystem, T+A, College of Architecture and Urban

05/2018

Planning Tongji University

Others: ArcGIS, MicroSoft Office LANGUAGES Mandarin (native)

Infra-Waterscape S.ARCH: The 6th International Conference on Architecture & Built Environment + AWARDs, exhibition/poster session

03/2019

English (proficient)

CONTENTS Design Projects 01/ TIME SECTION Rebuilding & Expansion of Ancient Buildings Academic Project, Pingshan Village, Yi county, Huangshan City 2015 Summer

02/ SKY-PHILIC & GROUND-PHILIC Outpatient Building (Public Building) Academic Project, Yaohai District, Hefei 2015 Fall

03/ ACTIVATE THE WORKSTATION Postdoctoral mobile workstation (High Rise Building) Academic Project, USTC, Shushan District, Hefei 2016 Spring

04/ ROBOTIC NESTING Timber Construction Summer school, Tsinghua University, Beijing 2016 Summer

05/ WETLAND PURIFICATION BELT Urban Design / Landscape Academic Project, Venice Biennale, Xiong'An New Area 2017 Fall

02 10 20 28 36

Design Projects

Research Projects 06/ MODULAR UTOPIA Modular Living Space Academic Project, Walden 7 by Bofill 2017 Fall

07/ FOODIRECTOR A WebMap Application Development Based on Regional Researches Academic Course Work, Syracuse, New York State, US 2018 Spring

08/ INFRA-WATERSCAPE Cross-Scale Researches and Strategies for Xiong'An Water Environment Graduation Thesis, S.ARCH 2019 (selected), Xiong'An New Area 2018 Fall

47 48 48

Other Projects 01

01 TIME SECTION Academic Project Academic: 2015 Summer Instructor: Dai Hui Individual Work Location: Pingshan Village, Yi County, Huangshan City

Renovation & Extension of Ancient Building

The Location was called Huizhou in ancient times and is the cradle of Hui Culture. Hui Style Architecture is a branch of Hui Culture. This project focus on showing the local style and features to tourists and attracting them to come and visit. The Key point is utilizing the existing builidings to display the village's characters to the fullest. So the first step is to study the village and find the common aspect between the village and the existing buildings.

During the process of mapping and surveying, I find that there is a special character that not all Hui Style builidings have, that is the complex age.

Owing to some historical reasons, most of the builidings in the village had been reconstructed and extended for several times. The building we are operating is also experienced this for three times in different historical period. And the structures are kept till now.

Since all I have mentioned above, I decided to keep the original part as far as possible and do some adjustment to cater to the result of the conclusion of the whole village.

02

03

LATE YUAN DYNASTY

QING DYNASTY

EARLY YEARS OF PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA

MINGUO PERIOD

NOW

STRUCURE

DOUGONG

?

HOWE TRUSS BRICK STRUCTURE

APPEARANCE

?

OIL FACTORY

RED TEMPLE FUNCTION

In the 14 years of the Public of China, the residents extented the original red temple and change it into an oil factory.

Residents in the past built this temple to pray for good harvest and fortunate for their big family.

14th CENTURY

AGRICULTURE MATERIAL WAREHOUSE

th

18th CENTURY

After the establishment of P.R. China, the residents changed the building into an agriculture material warehouse.

1925

1950s

TOURISTS RECEPTION CENTER

2010s

Function Demand Officers: To be the new entrance of the village, it will become an iconic architecture, and make contribution for the tourism of the local village. It should not only contain the characteristics of the architecture locally, but also shows the features of the up-to-date developments of the village.

Reception

Recreation Exhibtion

Enqury Salon

Tea Art Enquiry

Open to All

61%

Reception Residents: In fact, this building is mainly for the visitors, us local people have few chances to use it.

However, we do hope that it can become a beautiful architecture, which can attract more tourists, and bring more income for us.

Restaurant

Tea Art

Guest Room

Reconstruction of 1950s part

Tourism Tourism Planning

Reataurant Tourism Planning Semi Open

Guest Room

18% Extension Building

Office Kitchen

Hidden From Tourists

Kitchen 21%

Office Function

04

Reconstruction of the Qing Dynasty part

VIP Reception

VIP Reception Architect: During the investigation and research, I found that many buildings in this village have been reconstructed and rebuilt. The structures are complicated and varied with the narrow space. To meet the demand, I will make some changes for the rebuild space but keep some of the original features and extract the local characteristics.

Reconstruction of the Republic of China part

Exhibtion

Percentage

Recreation

Courtyard Function Demand

Strategy

05

Site Plan of Pingshan Village

Formation Process

Through the process of mappping and surveying, I collected almost all plan form of Pingshan Village, and I also did a statistics. According to the sum up of the plan form of the local village, we know that there are four main types of plan (In fact, most residence of Hui style are consist of those four main plan types).

The conclusion of the statistics will help me to shape the new part and reconstruct the original part.

Original

Abandon

Form a " 凹 " type plan

Extension

New part, form a " 回 " type plan

Height adjustment

New part, form a modern plan

Link up

Structure Replacement

Oringinal structure: not closed, the timbers are easily got corroded by rain.

New structure:

Plans Sum up

Plan

Four Classical Types " 凹 "Type Plan

" 回 "Type Plan

" 日 "Type Plan

1. Some timbers are replaced by steel, in case that corroded ones cannot bearing.

2. The original open space are enclosed by window with truss-like window frame.

3. The roof is renovated by new tiles. Some tiles are glass-made, enabling light came in.

Perspective

"H"Type Plan

SECTION 06

07

Tea Art & Exhibiton, Original Qing Dynasty and Republic of China Period Part

Extension

Reconstruction

Reconstruction

Reconstruction

Repair

Repair

Extension

08

Patio for recreation, Reconstruction of 1950s Period Part

09

N

SITE PLAN 0 5 10

02 SKY-PHILIC, GROUND-PHILIC Academic Project Individual Work Academic: 2015 Fall Instructor: Feng Yuanli Location: Yaohai District, Hefei

Outpatient Building Design

50M

Architectural Details

Evidence-based Design

Environment

Architectural Details make patients have the feeling of being concerned about.

The ubiquitous wooden folding sliding door not only enrich the changes of light, but allow people to freely shuttle between interior space and outdoor space.

Based on the data of technique relationship tightness and frequency among clinic departments in the past 2 decades in China, I arrange the plan, shorten the length and reduce the density of traffic streamline so that the inner space will not seems so crowded. And the junctions of two departments are used of cooperative consultation.

Man's tendency towards the sky and the ground cannot be overlooked just because the development of building technology. The ground gives us secure sense while the sky gives us free sense. These comfortable senses stem from evolutionary process could zoom out when one is sick, the spirit is weak and the animality take the dominant position.

10

11

According to WHO, there are 4 factors influence one's health: biological cause, medical service, behavior and life style and environmental cause.

Director General of WHO

1) Biological cause, refers to the genetic and psychologyical cause; 2) Environmental cause, All human health problems are related to the environment. A good environment is the fundamental guarantee of people's health.

3) Health service and 4) Behavior and lifestyle factors are directly related to people's life and death and the resulting of a series of health problems.

According to the chart, environmental cause plays an important role in people's health.

Non Sky-philic

17%

biological cause medical service

8%

60%

environmental cause behavior & life style

15%

Fresh Air

Sunshine

Aisle

Company & Warm

Sky-philic

Cortile

Pocket Park

Non Sky-philic Space > A gleam of sky > Sunless & dark > Narrow & depressive

Non Ground-philic

Sky-philic Space > An open view over head > Plenty of Sunshine > Open & wide > More activity space Waiting Area in Pediatric Department

Ground-philic

Non Ground-philic Space > Far from ground > Far from plants > Causing insecure feeling and constriction

Ground-philic Space > An open view of ground(groundlike place) > Close to plants > Causing sense of stability. > More activity space

Typical Space Analysis 12

13

3F > Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine > Administrative Area > Gym (for doctors and staff) > Rehabilitation Center > Roof Garden

2F > Department of Surgery > Department of Internal Medicine > Department of Stomatology > Department of Pathology > E.N.T. Department > Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology

Cortile, Metal Truss Roof

Waiting Area for Pediatric Department

1F > Department of Medical imaging > Department of Ergency Treatment > Cashier of Inpatient Department > Infusion & Injection Room > Pharmacy & Traditional Chinese Pharmacy > Department of Pediatric

Department of Pediatric >> A one-year-old little girl gets fever and go to see doctor with her mom.

Department of Internal Medical >> A 22-year-old university student gets asthma and go to see doctor alone.

Department of Ergentcy Treatment >> A 72-year-old man gets acute myocardial infraction and is being rescued.

Rehabilitation Center >> A 34-year-old woman who's got severe burn and go to do rehabilitation therapy everyday.

Doctors >> A 42-year-old dentist's daily life in the hospital.

Staff >> A 53-year-old gardener goes to the roof garden everyday and a plumber does check every week.

14

15

POCKET PARK IN HOSPITAL

FOLDING SLIDING DOOR Non traditional 3 folds sliding door

Traditional version

The concave space in the plan extent the whole construction's contact surface with outside space. Each of the courtyard is around 12m*30m, 360m2. The area is too large for a yard and too tiny for a active site. So I use some classical pocket park examples for reference.

People can go into those tiny parks straightly thourgh the trap sliding doors. Whenever they are waiting for clinic, having transfusion, or accompanying their sick relatives, it is convenient for them to do so since the trap sliding doors are everywhere in this hospital.

And when they are in these tiny parks, they could find the regular yet interesting light and shadow caused by those trap sliding doors.

Pocket park in this hospital

16

SECTION

17

Roof Structure 80mm 80mm 120mm 15mm

Waterproofing Extruded polystyrene Rockwool between metal framing Vapour barrier Reinforced concrete Plasterboard

Waterbar with seal Windowsill e.g. Precast concrete Track

Second Floor Plan

Floor Constructure 15mm 65mm 20mm 120mm 10mm

Magnesite flooring (seamless) Screed Separating layer Imput sound insulation Concrete Slab Plaster to soffit

1

18

5

10

20m

First Floor Plan 19

03 ACTIVATE THE WORKSTATION Academic Project Individual Work Academic: 2016 Spring Instructor: Feng Yuanli Location: USTC, Shushan District, Hefei

20

Postdoctoral Mobile Workstation

This project is a high rise building. People who use this building are top talents in science and technology. These two facts point to a non-optimistic circumstance, that these building can easily get "stifling". The conclusion is well-founded. According to data and other information I collected through reading academic journals and questionaire survey, in high rise building, people's vertical motions are almost relatively static(taking elevator) and people's communication are all introversive ( be restricted within enclosed space).

Since all I have mentioned above, my target is to activate the building's inner space, create more meeting, not only among people, but also among subjects. The way is to let people move on foot and let them meet in the process. But how to let them willing to move on foot is a problem. The traffic treamlines had to connect each space regularly.

21

Analysis of Time of Vertical Traffic in High Rise Office Building (usually more than 10 floors) Floor Height: 3900mm Elevator Speed: 1.5m/s (Acceleration and deceleration processes are not included)

Net

Sketch

Structure Conflicts

*Data from Basic Level Construction, 4.2016, Analysis of Waiting Time of Vertical Traffic, Wei Cui etc.

According to the two charts, people spend most of their vertical traffic time in waiting if taking elevator.

And, in high rise building, time of taking stairs can be shorter than time of taking elevator within six floors (waiting factor and physical factors are considered).

Survey on Choice of Vertical Traffic Ways in High Rise Office Building (usually more than 10 floors) Total number of people: 50

Location: Near the construction site

Net A

Q1: You prefer taking stairs rather than elevator when your office is on or below which floor?

Q2: If you have to go to another office for something, you prefer taking stairs rather than

According to the results of the survey, people prefer taking elevator than stairs when there

(ground floor is not an option in the survey)

elevator when there are or less than how many floors you have to go down or go up?

are more than 2 or 3 floors. And when go to another floor from which their offices located, the number of floors descends and the data rise.

Based on the four charts, it can be concluded that in high rise builiding, stairs are rarely used and, on the contrary, elevators are under high pressure of transportation(waiting time is really long).

Net B

Analysis and Preliminary Conclusion It can be concluded that people transfer to elevator before the logic says we should do.

The causes of the phenomenon are not just physical factors. People spiraling upward in enclosed staircase can easily lose the sense of direction in horizonal level. And in elevator, this process of exploring space is passive and relatively static, which means the discomfort caused by the loss of direction has gone with the disappearance of exploration and experience.

The core tube, as a vertical traffic mode, merely support the construction but not organize and cascade the plane and section.

Net C

Net D No Active Contact Surface 22

Active Contact Surface 23

Aa

Ba

24

Net

Overlapped Cascading Stair

Cascading Stair System Aa & Ab

Stair & Cortile

Cascading Stair System Ba & Bb

Enclosed Space

Overlapped Cascading Stair

Open Circulation and Conference Space

Ab

Bb

25

Cascading Stair System System A

System A+B A

A

A

A

A A

A

A

1F A

A

2F

A

First Floor

A

A

A

A

5F

A

A

A A

A

A

A

A

A

Third Floor

A A

A

A

Second Floor

4F

3F

A

A

1A+1B, 5 Floors

2A+2B, 10 Floors

nA+nB, 5n Floors

A

System n*AB n*2AB, Width=60n m Fourth Floor

Fourth Floor

Rooms within System A

System B

B B 1F

B B

2F

B

B

B

B

B B

2*2AB, Width=120 m

B

3F

B 1*2AB, Width=60 m B B

First Floor

B

B

Second Floor

B 4F B

Third Floor

5F

(A+B) is a basic unit, which has two branches: system A and B. Each of them leads a series of rooms, which can be devide into 2 or 3 groups. And these groups can be separated by the public communication space while they also can be linked together by the cascading stair.

So that, the inner space can be changed flexibly according to people's different needs in different occasions.

B B

B B Fourth Floor

26

Fourth Floor

Rooms within System B

An (A+B) unit controls 5 layers, around 60 meters width. One (A+B) unit can be either a complete building, or extended both in height and width.

27

04 ROBOTIC NESTING Parametric Design Workshop Temporary Constructure Academic: 2016 Summer Instructor: Yu Lei Asistant: Liu Zhongyuan, Huang Yijiang, Wang Jingwen Collaborator: Wang Xiaolei, Ma Rui, Miao Bowen, Lu Zheng, Huang Yuxi, Huang Tianyuan, Chen Yu, Chen Canran etc.

Personal Involvement: Construction shaping, robot arm path programming, building etc.

28

Design

A timber structure based on robotic operation.

Study and research on reciprocal frame.

Use of Grasshopper and KUKA for Rhino.

Since Prehistorical era, we human-beings had tried countless types of structure, construction ways and material. These are the three points that lead the architectural development locus. This project focus on the former two: structure types and construction ways.

Today's robotic arm can already hold at most several tons of weight. It is a task to study how to utilize its characters to build some particular frames.

This intersection can be a potential point in future development. And since this tendency, we might not be approaching to our imagination but will break through it.

29

IMAGE

STRUCTIURE

BUILDING

Since Triassic or Jurassic • Bird nest • Material & Basic frame • Grass, Slender branches & See picture • Construction way & Tools • By bird's bill and claws

By varying the geometrical parameters of the RF structure, such as the length and number of beams, radii of inner and outer polygons and the beam slopes, a designer can achieve a great number of variations of the same structural system.

Number of beams (n) Radius through the outer supports (r0) Radius through beam intersection points (ri) Vertical rise from the outer supports to the beam intersection points (H) Vertical spacing through the centrelines of the beams at their intersection points (h2) Length of the beams on the slope (L)

Since thousands of years ago • Indian Teepee • Material & Basic frame • Timber, Rope, canvas & Conical-like structure • Construction way & Tools • Manually built

n=3 r1/r0=0.4

m=360/n h1=H(x1/x) h2=H-h1 L=(x2+H2)1/2

n=3 r1/r0=0.2

(1) (2) (3) (4)

x2=2r1sin(m/2) x1=[r02-(r1cos(m/2))2]1/2-x2/2 x=x1+x2 Simultaneous Equations

n=3 r1/r0=0.15

(5) (6) (7)

n=6 r1/r0=0.2

Since over 1000 years ago • Historical building • Material & Basic frame • Timber or bamboo & Reciprocal frame • Construction way & Tools • Manually built with the help of scaffold

2016 Summer • Robotic nesting project • Material & Basic frame • Timber & Reciprocal frame • Construction way & Tools • Built artificially with the help of 3D-printer (printing the operation end) and robot arm

Different forms of the structure & Different combination of the structural units.

And these changes could effect on the appearance of the final construction.

30

RF with 3 beams

A Group of 3 RF units with 3 beams

RF with 6 beams

A Group of 3 RF units with 6 beams

centro symmetric

centro symmetric

centro symmetric

axial symmetric

Olga Popovic Larsen

Because of the geometrical characteristics of the structure, the most appropriate forms of buildings (in plan) using the RF are circular, elliptical and regular polygonal. As a result, so far most of the buildings constructed using the RF have regular polygonal or circular plans. In the case of regular plan forms, all RF members are identical, which gives the possibility of modular RF construction.

On the other hand, since the inner and the outer polygons are defined by the end points of the beams, which can have different lengths, the RF can be used to cover almost any form in plan.

* The Chart refers to Olga Popovic Larsen 's work, redrawed by Zeng Bingyu

* Words and pictures in the roundedcorners boxes are cited from Olga Popovic Larsen 's work, Reciprocal Frame Architecture 31

Work System Equipments OPERATION END 1 2 3 4 KUKA 1100

KUKA 900

Air Compressor

Computer Case

Fretsaw

Material Feeding Box

Plarform 1

3D Printing End Air Clamp Part A Air Clamp Part B 3D Print Adapter for Flange

Plarform 2

JOINT & OTHER 5

Pipes linked to Air pum 7 6 1

5

3

4

4

1

3 2

9 6

10 7 5

8

6 7 8 9 10

The 6th Axial of Robotic Arm The 5th Axial of Robotic Arm The 2nd Axial of Robotic Arm The 4th Axial of Robotic Arm The 3rd Axial of Robotic Arm

Mortise

Four possible top/bottom arrangements

When loading weight, the structure can be much tighter, even without nails.

Different arrangements can function differently. Some are self-sustained, some can only form the arch and adjust the radian.

1 mortising

32

ROBOTIC ARM

2 assembling within a structural unit

3 a whole unit

4 assembling between units

top-top-top: This unit can form space below the structure. This is a unit that can self-sustain.

bottom-bottom-bottom: This unit can bottom-top-top/top-bottomform space above the structure. This bottom: This unit cannot selfis a unit that can self-sustain. sustain. It can adjust the radian.

33

Grasshopper modeling and optimize.

Adjust the properties of wood.

Improving the rationality of the whole structure.

S1

Draft modeling Try several choices of structural units.

Decide the final unit and the overall shape.

S3

3D printing and installing Print the operation end. (The metal cores are not included) Install the operation ends to the KUKA robot arm.

S4

Calibration of coordinate system Every equipment has to be calibrated to ensure the high precition of the system.

S5

Collaboration testing Ensure the operation system's time coupling ability (especially the master and the slave)

S6

S7

Wood cutting & Numbering Use the robot arm and fretsaw to cut morties Ensure the accuracy of construction process.

Units building mortise and tenon joints

S9

S8

S2

Collision free path programming & testing

Constructing process Assembling the units together to make the whole construction.

OUTDOOR ACTIVITY FACILITY This structure can be applied to an outdoor activity facility. People can climb upon the construction to strenthen their muscle.

And, if installed with glass or glass-like material, people can stay in it when it is raining outside. Meanwhile, people can breath the fresh air and enjoy the natural lighting.

34

35

Shopping Regions

Energy Energy

Walking Trails

Pedestrian Streets

Linear Parks

Rest Stop

Vehicle-Free Area

Walking System

Private Traffic system

Transportation

Parking Lot

Hyper-Speed Rail System

Green-Blue Grid System

Regional/ Theme Parks

Cycling System

Public Transportation

Public Bus System

Subway System

Environment Environment

Wetlands

Block Level

Companies

Transportation

Slow Traffic System

Pocket Parks

Main Branch

Team Work Academic: 2017 Fall Instructor: Fei Wang Collaborator: Chenxie Li, Harshita Kataria, Wang Liao

Entertainment Zones

Effective Location of Resources

Density Density Distribution Distribution

Recycle

Reuse

Recycle

Waste Waste Management Management

Low Incoming housing

Effective Location of Landfill

Migration Reforms

Reuse

Waste Recycle SOCIETY

Parallel Relationship

Normal Branch

05 WETLAND PURIFICATION BELT Academic Project

Compress CNGGas Natural

Reduce

Ecosystem within the City Multi-Hierarchy Structure of Regional Scale

Walking System

Electrical E-Vehicle Vehicle

Solar Battery

Reduce

Multi-Center Planning

City Level

Affiliation

Purification Algae System Plant

Solar Energy

Urban Farmlands

Multi-Interchange System

Sharing bike parking space

Solar Panel

Wind Wind Corridor Corridor

Landscape

National/ Urban Park

Community Level

Non-motorized Vehicles

Green Building

Pocket Parks

Slow Traffic System

Bio-energy

Xiong’An is a new state-level district in Hebei, China. Established in April 2017, it is located about 100km southwest of Beijing, the capital of China. Its primary function is to serve as a development hub for the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei economic triangle. As announced by the government, “non-capital” functions of Beijing are expected to move there. Xiong’An is expected to create a paradigm for China to build environmental-friendly cities.

Fixed Population

Better Quality of Life

Based on our research and analysis in megacities, we built an analysis system through three categories: social, environmental, and economical. Baiyang Wetland, which takes almost one-tenth of the area of Xiong’An, is located in the center of this area, and poses a serious pollution challenge brought about byboth drought and floods, and upstream high-pollution plantations in the last century. Our intent is to improve the environment of Baiyang Wetland from a systematic and forward-thinking way.

Migrants’ Right

Law Law Enforcement Enforcement

ECONOMY

ENVIRONMENT

According to the government, one of the reasons to build a city upon a seriously polluted wetland is to make full use of “Force” mechanism to improve the water environment. In order to return capacity of water storage and self-purification to the original level, we have produced an artificial wetland system consisting of three parts: riverside buffer corridor; artificial semi-wetland pocket park; and prospective urban water channels and ditches. Each is supposed to include plant vegetation with strong purification ability — used to different water depth (hydrophyte) or humidity (xerophyte) according to their environmental conditions and functions. By balancing water level and quality of this area, residents are provided with more recreational public space and a quality walking and cycling environment.

Location: Xiong'An District 36

37

Timeline

Area

Reed

FarmLand

Water Inflow

Water

Precipitation

5 8

2

Water Level & Area & Volume 1200 1000 Jun.

800

Mar.

3

Dec.

4 1

Sep.

600

6

3

7

400

3

200

3

water/m²

1950

1952

1954

10.5

10.3

9.9

10.1

9.7

9.5

9.3

9.1

8.9

8.7

8.5

8.3

8.1

7.9

7.7

7.5

7.3

7.1

6.9

6.7

6.5

6.3

6.1

0

water/mÂł

1956

1958

1960

1962

1964

1966

1968

1970

1972

1974

1976

1978

1980

1982 4

3 1

38

Floods in 1963

2

First Drought in 60s

The severe floods in Haihe Area,

Baiyangdian suffered drought the 1st

which influenced Baiyangdian

time in January, 1966-August, 1966.

significantly.

1984

1986

1988

1990

1992

The Most Serious Drought in Baiyangdian

1994 6

1996

1998

2000

2002

Water Transfer by The Government

2004

2006

2008 8

2010

2012

2014

2016

2018

The Death of Fish

Several Drought in 60s-80s

Baiyangdian suffered its most serious drought in July, 1983 -

In 1992, the government began to bring water from

In 2006, the water pollution became incredibly severe, and it is

In 60s-80s, Baiyangdian suffered droughts for

August, 1988, which lasted for more than five years.

nearby reservoir to Baiyangdian.

the first time that a lot of fish died in Baiyangdian . After that, this

7

6 times, which lasted for one month to nine months.

5

Water Pollution

Important Water Inflow

The severe water pollution of Baiyangdian began in

Baiyangdian got the important water inflow in 1988,

2000, getting a lot of polluted water from its upper

which prevented it from drought in the future.

streams.

kind of matter happened very frequently.

39

Status Quo

Dried Rivers

Zhaowang New River Water Outflow

Fuhe River Water Outflow

Ground Grass Reed Woods Farmland Water Building

40

Artificial Pipeline Future Water Inflow

41

Pipeline

10

20

50

Water Quality

100

N

Elevated Boardwalk Pond System

INPUT EDUCATIONAL Library Bookstores Cafe Wetland Museum Open space for Classes Gardens of Flower Nursery

10

20

50

KIDS PARK Fountain Dance Stepping Stones Skating Field Maze Playground

RECREATIONAL ZONE Open Air Theatre Restaurants Garden of Sculpture Lotus Pond

HEALTH Gymnasium Restaurants Sports Community Park Swimming Pool

100

Pipeline

Water Purification Line

PERFORMING ARTS Galleries Museum Outdoor theatre Shops for local goods

Pedestrian Line

Dooms Aeration Basins Need Doom for Preventing the odor leak out

Simulation Scene

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Glass and water refract the sunlight on the ground.

Nature help visitors to see what is happening on this

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Artificial Wetlands Section and Operating Mechanism

Irragation 10.5 m Flood Level 8.8 m Maximum Sotrage Level Ideal Water Level Range

8.0 m Ideal Level 7.3 m Lowest Level for Eco-Balance 7.0 m Warning Level for Drought 6.5 m Dry lake Level

Highest canal’s bottom

Water volume is 52 million m3 at this level; water surface area is 70km2, which could be considered as dry lake.

6.0 m Average canal’s bottom 5.5 m Lowest canal’s bottom

Terraces for Aerotion and Biological Purification

Time / Water Level

Sediment Degradation, Water Quality Stabilization and Control

Kashu

Deep Water

Canal

Heavy Mental Removal

Nutrient Removal

Sediment Degradation

Porous Rock

Terraces for Aerotion and Biological Purification

Heavy Mental Removal

Nutrient Removal

Sediment Degradation

Reserved Terraces for Aerotion and Biological Purification

Heavy Mental Removal

Amenity Belt

Slow Traffic Belt

Middle Shallow Water 7.3 mWater Lowest Level for Eco-Balance

7.0 m

Subsurface Filtration

Terraces for Aerotion and Biological Purification

Water Impoundment

Nutrient Removal & Heavy Mental Removal

Block & Park

Pavement

Warning Level for Drought

April / Spring / Dry Season

Irragation

8.8 m

Maximum Sotrage Level

July / Summer / Wet Season

Irragation

Water Channel Seperated

8.0 m

Ideal Level

September / Early Fall / Normal Season

7.3 m 7.0 m

Lowest Level for Eco-Balance Warning Level for Drought

6.5 m

Dry lake Level

March / Spring / Extremly Dry Season (The Following Year)

Terraces for Aerotion and Biological Purification

Sediment Degradation, Water Quality Stabilization and Control Kashu

Canal

Slow Traffic Belt

Subsurface Filtration

Terraces for Aerotion and Biological Purification

Heavy Mental Removal

Nutrient Removal

Sediment Degradation

Terraces for Aerotion and Biological Purification

Heavy Mental Removal

Amenity Belt

Nutrient Removal

Reserved Terraces for Aerotion and Biological Purification

Heavy Mental Removal

Water Impoundment

Nutrient Removal & Heavy Mental Removal

Block & Park

Water Flow

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Water from Impoundment

Water from Nature

Porous Rock

Pavement

45

2018 Venice Biennale

Xiong'An 2.0 Wetland Purification Belt

Wetland Purification Belt

46

47

06 MODULAR UTOPIA

Walden 7 Architect: RBTA

Academic Project

Project Year: 1975

Team Work

Program: Housing

Academic: 2017 Fall

Size: 31140.0 sqm

Instructor: Fei Wang Collaborator: Kari Ku

Walden 7 is a project presenting Bofill’s idea about a utopia society.

The name is inspired by Skinnar’s work Walden two.

The housing structure benefits from Bofill’s earlier research and the idea of providing public spaces and gardens for residents to enjoy an enhanced quality of living.

The building consists of five courtyards, grouped by 16 story cluster of apartments. On top of the

Research Projects

building there are two swimming pools and several terraces. Almost every apartment has both interior and exterior views. At several levels there is a complex system of bridges and balconies for access, producing a fantastic variety of vistas and enclosures.

The most interesting aspect of the project is the atypical way in which the housing block is approached.

Eighteen (twenty-one) towers, six courtyards, a modular but unsystematic grid, and extensive public space create a vertical labyrinth.

48

49

x5

x4

x1

x1

SWIMMING

x4

x3

HOUSING

x2

x1

x2

x2

x 3 or 4

x 1 or 2

x1

x1

x2

x1

x1

x1

x1

x1

PARKING ABOVE THE GROUND

PARKING ABOVE THE GROUND

PARKING IN THE BASEMENT

PARKING IN THE BASEMENT

TERRACES

TERRACES

SWIMMING

HOUSING

HOUSING

SWIMMING

TERRACES

ELEVATORS

TERRACES

x4

CORRIDORS

STAIRS

INNER SPACE ELEVATOR

UNIT TYPE A DUPLEX

x1 UNIT TYPE B DUPLEX

x3 UNIT TYPE C DUPLEX

x1

UNIT TYPE D SIMPLEX

x2 UNIT TYPE E SIMPLEX

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51

07 FOODIRECTOR

In the United States, “food deserts�, neighborhoods and communities that have limited access to affordable and nutrious foods,

Academic Project

supermarkets or groceries that provide healthy choices of food; therefore, these populations may be more likely to suffer from

Team Work

high rates of diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and obesity.

tend to be located in urban and rural low income neighborhoods. People who live in these area are less likely to have access to

Academic: 2018 Spring Instructor: Elizabeth A Krietemeyer

By analyzing the status quo of food access without the need for a car, infrastructure and residents' living quality of Syracuse, we

Collaborator: Tianyi Hang

introduce a prospective Syracuse food map.

More on the Link: https://sites.google.com/g.syr.edu/arc500sp18/spatial-narratives/foodirector?authuser=0 52

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08 INFRA-WATERSCAPE

115.9° East

PREHISTORIC PERIOD

QUATERNARY PERIOD Pleistocene

Paleolithic Age

The Formation of the Ancient Baiyangdian The evolution of anatomically modern humans took place. The depression in the central area of Hebei tends to fill in and form the ancient Baiyangdian Lake - the ancient lake basin of Wen'an.

Homo erectus, Homo sapiens appeared.

Neolithic Age

Holocene

Since 11700 years ago

The History of the Ancient Baiyangdian and the Formation of the Modern Baiyangdian The river system originating from Taihang Mountain formed an alluvial fan in the east side of Taihang Mountains. With the change of climate and sea water infiltration, the waters of the ancient Baiyangdian Lake expanded and sometimes shrunk.

The evolution of anatomically modern humans took place. The depression in the central area of Hebei tends to fill in and form the ancient Baiyangdian Lake - the ancient lake basin of Wen'an

Xushui Nanzhuang Heritage Site The discovery of early pottery was of great significance for studying the way of human life in the early Neolithic Age, the origin of pottery and the ecological environment at that time.

8000 BC Early Neolithic

8000 - 5500 BC

The Re-emergency of the Ancient Baiyangdian In the early Holocene period from 10,000 to 7500 years ago, the dried ancient Baiyangdian re-emerged.

Anthropocene [1]

Since 12000-15000 years ago

CROSS-SCALE RESEARCHES AND STRATEGIES FOR XIONG'AN WATER ENVIRONMENT

7000 - 5000 BC

Agriculture Revolution

Thesis

38.9° North

Individual Work Academic: 2018 Fall

105 KM

2600-2000 BC Late Neolothic, Longshan Era Culture Hougang Phase II Culture

Xia-Shang-Zhou Period

Emperor Yao Great Yu Controls the Water & Emperor Earlier than 2000BC when it was Emperor Yao Age, there was a great flood Shun Age in the Yellow River Basin, continued for several generations. Gun, Yu’s Father, was appointed by Emperor Yao to control the flood, but was failed.

He was punished and his son, Yu, was appointed to take Gun’s place. Yu used a different approach to abate the great flood, which in the end having achieved the success. Yu's approach seems to have involved an approach more oriented toward drainage and less towards containment with dams and dikes; and this thought (of dredging) has a profound effect in China’s future theories and practice of river harnessing. After his work, Yu was respected and supported by the public, and inaugurating dynastic rule in China by establishing the Xia Dynasty.

2050±150 BC

Yellow River Diversion According to geological studies, the Yellow River had a major change in 2050±150 BC, from east (Shandong into the sea) to north (Hebei and Tianjin) into the sea. Longshan culture in the west of Henan and the south of Shanxi was continued in the Erlitou culture; while the Longshan culture in Shandong, which flourished before the flood, declined at this time, and even began to retrogress.

2070-771 BC Xia-Shang-Zhou Period refers to Xia Dynasty, Shang Dynasty, and West Zhou Dynasty

It was about 4000-2770 year ago when the three dynasties were flourished in the hinterland of the Central Plains of Ancient China; their splendid culture influenced the surrounding area.

The Baiyangdian area, which located in the lower reaches of the ancient Yellow River, is between the Central Plains of China and the northern part of Didi while it belonged to the Central Plains dynasties. Therefore, the Xia, Shang and Zhou dynasties actively expanded northward, focusing on the vigorous operation of the Baiyangdian area, making this area gradually become the enclosure barrier of the northern frontier. As the dynasty changed, the Baiyangdian area in the Eastern Zhou Dynasty was, on the one hand the bridge between Yan State and Zhao State plus Qi State, and on the other hand was the front line of the defense between the two sides.

2070-1600 BC Xia Dynasty, Xia Yuegezhuang Culture

1600-1406 BC Shang Dynasty, Central Plains Shang Culture, Northern Culture System

1406-771 BC Zhou Dynasty, Western Zhou Period Central Plains Western Zhou Culture

Iron Age

Since 9th century BC

The development of iron metallurgy was known by the 9th century BC. The large seal script is identified with a group of characters from a book entitled Shĭ Zhoù Piān (c. 800 BC)

The Spring and Autumn Period & Warning States Period

May. 23 April. 3 ECONOMY: After the central government announced the establishment of the Xiong'an New District in Baoding City, Hebei Province, and set it as a key development zone, the local property prices soared more than double in one day. The government immediately took urgent measures to stabilize property prices, including closing the sale.

ON FEBRUARY 23, 2017, XI JINPING INSPECTED THE PLAN WORK OF XIONG'AN NEW AREA IN HEBEI PROVINCE

April. 23 ENVIRONMENT: Wang Jinnan, deputy director and chief engineer of the Environmental Planning Institute of the Ministry of Environmental Protection of China, talked about the serious status quo of the water shortage and pollution in the new area. He believes that environmental issues are the biggest challenge facing the development of Xiong'an New District.

ON FEBRUARY 23, 2017, XI JINPING INSPECTED THE ECOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT PROTECTION WORK OF XIONG'AN NEW AREA IN BAIYANGDIAN, HEBEI PROVINCE.

May. 11

STRATEGIES

2017 XINWEN LIANBO, "DECISION TO SET UP XIONG'AN NEW AREA OF HEBEI PROVINCE"

2014

2015

2016

POLICIES

Feb. 26

Feb. 10

Feb. 29

After listening to the reports of the three provinces and cities of Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei, Xi Jinping, the general secretary of the CPC Central Committee, officially adopted the "Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei coordinated development" as an important national strategy.

At the 9th meeting of the Central Financial and Economic Leading Group, General Secretary Xi Jinping deliberated and put forward the idea of “multiple points, one city, and old city reorganization” when deliberating on the “Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei coordinated development plan”. One of the concerns of "one city" is to study and think about the construction of a new city outside Beijing.

Li Keqiang, the premier of the State Council, presided over the special meeting of the State Council and put forward specific requirements for the Beijing city sub-center and centralized carrying areas.

Mar. 26 On March 26, the “New Urbanization Plan of Hebei Province” was released.

Although the regulation does not mention the “sub-center”, it is sure that it will resolve the capital function of Beijing (for example, to undertake some administrative units that dispel Beijing) and position Baoding as “the important city of supporting the capital”.

“system” and “cross-scale”. This thesis mostly focuses on the possibility of the most basic scale (unit)

Mar. 24 Xi Jinping presided over the meeting of the Standing Committee of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee and agreed to be named "Xiong New District".

April.2, 10 Xi Jinping presided over the Standing Committee of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee and the Political Bureau of the Central Committee to study and review the "Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Collaborative Development Plan", and proposed to "deeply study and demonstrate the problem of the new city" "considering the appropriateness in Hebei The place to plan and build a modern new city led by the new development concept." Since then, the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei coordinated development leading group has taken the lead in organizing research and demonstration to establish a centralized carrying area.

May. 27 The Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee reviewed the "Report on the Planning and Construction of the Beijing City Sub-center and the Research and Establishment of the Xiong'an New District of Hebei Province". This is the first time that the "Xiong New District" appeared in the title of the report. The meeting adopted the "Implementation Plan for the Establishment of Hebei Xiong'an New District" in principle, and the specific preparation work of the Xiong'an New District was immediately carried out under the condition of "high confidentiality".

2017

July. 6 TRANSPORTATION: Beijing South Railway Station will operate two pairs of EMU trains in the direction of Baoding Station, stopping at Bazhou West, Baigou, Baiyangdian and Xushui. After the train started, it strengthened the convenience of railway transportation between Xiong'an New District and Beijing.

Feb. 23

June. 21

April. 14

General Secretary Xi Jinping went to Anxin County, Hebei Province to investigate and hosted a symposium on the planning and construction of the Xiong'an New District in Hebei Province.

At the meeting on the planning and construction of the Xiong'an New District in Hebei Province, Xu Qin, the governor of Hebei Province, read the "Reply from the Central Authorities on the Establishment of the Administrative Organization of Hebei Xiong'an New District". The Office of the Central Organizing Committee decided to set up the CPC Hebei The Anxin District Working Committee and the Hebei Xiong'an New District Management Committee are the agencies of the provincial party committee and the provincial government. They are responsible for organizing and coordinating the new district, comprehensively developing and constructing management, and carrying out custody of Xiongxian, Rongcheng and Anxin counties and surrounding areas. The New District Management Committee is also guided by the State Council and the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Collaborative Development Leading Group Office.

Chen Gang is the secretary of the Party Working Committee of the Xiong'an New District and the director of the Management Committee. Liu Baoling is the deputy secretary of the Party Working Committee of Renxiong New District and the executive deputy director of the Administrative Committee of Xiong'an New District.

The "Planning Outline of Hebei Xiong'an New District" was approved by the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the State Council.

April.2 On April 2, 2017, at the meeting of leading cadres held in Rongcheng County, Party Xiaolong, deputy secretary of the Provisional Party Committee of the New District, said that he would “take control and control work as a top priority”, especially “land violations”. The meeting also announced that, according to the entrustment of the provincial government, the temporary party committee will take over the work of the cadres and freeze the personnel changes on April 2. On April 3, the temporary party committee of Xiong'an New District began to work in Rongcheng County.

770-256 BC Zhou Dynasty, Eastern Zhou Period Yan Culture of Eastern Zhou

Lower Capital of Yan The northern boundary of the Central Plains Zhou Dynasty had already advanced to the Yanshan, and the Baiyangdian area was developed into the backup zone of the northern boundary.

The Yan State managed the north at the beginning of the Western Zhou Dynasty. However, the historical records of the Yan State of the Western Zhou Dynasty are unclear, and the archaeological remains outside the Yan Capital are also limited.

Few sites are found in the Baiyangdian area during the Western Zhou Dynasty; main culture relics includes the Renqiu Yabazhuang Heritage Site.

Around 400 BC Mid-Warning States Period, Yan Culture

The Southern Great Wall of Yan The Southern Great Wall of Yan, or the Yishui Great Wall, was built to defend Yan from the attack of Zhao and Qi. It flows eastward through Xushui, Rongcheng, Anxin, Xiongxian, and Wen'an to Dacheng, with a total length of nearly 260 kilometers. This Great Wall is not only the southern boundary of the Yan State but also the dividing line between Yan and Zhao.

It is also the frontier of the important cultural exchanges between Yan and Zhao.

323-222 BC Late-Warning States Period, Yan State (Separated), Yan Culture

ENVIRONMENT: Tsinghua University Xiong'an New Area Planning and Construction Development Summit Forum

602 BC

The Great Diversion of the Yu River Yu River was the ancient name of the Yellow River In the 5th year of the King Ding of Zhou Dynasty, the Yellow River retraced in Suxukou, Liyang (now southwest of Jun County, Henan Province), deviated from the old river channel of the Yellow River (Yu River), and enter the sea in Zhangwu (now northeast of Jixian County, Hebei Province). It was the first diversion after the flood abated by Yu the Great. The original old channel sometimes went water, and it was completely stopped in the middle of the Warring States period.

500 BC

The Desintegration of the Ancient Baiyangdian In the late Holocene, the climate turned to drought, and the precipitation became smaller. The Baiyangdian became shallower, and the water area became smaller, including partial drought. The ancient Baiyangdian gradually disintegrated.

Yishui and Baiyangdian Yishui is consisted with 3 branches, the north Yishui, the middle Yishui, and the south Yishui, which is the one that went into Baiyangdian.

QIN-HAN PERIOD

August

April.1

Nanyang Heritage Site I of Rongcheng, Da Magezhuang Cemetery of Xushui, etc.

The relics of the Yan State in the Spring and Autumn Period were found to be less, mainly including the Nanyang Heritage Site I of Rongcheng and the Da Magezhuang Cemetery of Xushui. Typical pottery such as columns, cans and different form of containers and sacrificial wares.

227 BC

Jing Ke Assassinates the Emperor of Qin Crown Prince Dan ordered Jing Ke to assassinate the emperor of Qin. Jing Ke bade his friend Jianli farewell in the south Yishui and set up his journey to Emperor Qin. Jing Ke failed.

221 BC-220 AD Xia-Shang-Zhou Period refers to Xia Dynasty, Shang Dynasty, and West Zhou Dynasty

From the Qin Dynasty to the Tang Dynasty, although the number of archaeological remains discovered in the Baiyangdian area is limited, the traditional features of cultural continuity remain. They have the distinct commonalities of the unified culture of the Central Plains dynasty, and more or less contain some regional culture, especially the factors of northern culture.

EDUCATION: On the afternoon of May 11, 2017, Hao Ping, secretary of the Party Committee of Peking University, led a delegation to visit Hebei.

Zhao Kezhi, secretary of the Hebei Provincial Party Committee and director of the Standing Committee of the Provincial People's Congress, Xu Qin, deputy secretary of the provincial party committee and governor, met with Hao Ping and his entourage.

The two sides fully exchanged views on strengthening the strategic cooperation between the province and the province and reached a five-point consensus.

On April 1, 2017, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the State Council issued a notice and decided to establish the Xiong'an New District in Hebei. In the notice, the new district will be positioned as “a millennium plan and a national event”, “another new district with national significance after the Shenzhen Special Economic Zone and Shanghai Pudong New Area”. The main task of the new district is to become "the city of the non-capital functions of Beijing."

770-221 BC Xia-Shang-Zhou Period refers to Xia Dynasty, Shang Dynasty, and West Zhou Dynasty

Marquis of Yan moved the capital to Linyi in the early Spring and Autumn Period. During the Warring States Period, Wuyang City, which is now famous as the Yanxiadu Heritage site, was built on the north bank of Yishui.

For most time of the Warring States period, the southern part of the Yan State was boarded by Yishui, and the Baiyangdian area happened to be in the southern part of the Yan State. At the same time, it was also the near-capital area.

Another famous symbol of the southern part of the Yan State during the Warring States Period was the Southern Great Wall of Yan built along Yishui. The northern Great Wall of Yan State mainly defends the northern tribes such as Donghu and Shant, while the South Great Wall is mainly facing Zhao and Qi. The archaeological discovery of the Yannan Great Wall remains in the west from the Taihang Mountain in Yi County. It flows eastward through Xushui, Rongcheng, Anxin, Xiongxian, and Wen'an to Dacheng, with a total length of nearly 260 kilometers. This Great Wall is not only the southern boundary of the Yan State but also the dividing line between Yan and Zhao. It is also the frontier of the important cultural exchanges between Yan and Zhao.

ECONOMY: The Central Government Organs Housing Fund Management Center issued the "Notice on Implementing the "Let's Carrying Out" Reform Spirit to Do a Good Job in the Payment of Housing Provident Funds", and announced the announcement of eight new measures for housing provident fund deposit services. Provided a series of supporting services for the central government in the areas of coordinated development of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei, integration of urban and rural development, employment and entrepreneurship, innovation and creation, and state-owned assets management.

Qin Dynasty

221-206 BC

Qin unified the Central Plains, set prefectures and counties.

Baiyangdian area is located in Yi County, Guangyang Prefecture.

West-Han Dynasty

206 BC - 25 AD

The You prefecture was established in the Western Han Dynasty, and the Baiyangdian area was divided into both Rongcheng County and Yi County.

November. 16

East-Han Dynasty

Feb. 28

ENVIRONMENT: The fifth Yellow River – Baiyangdian Water Transfer Project started to operate. It lasted for about 83 days, and the water replenishment was about 100 million cubic meters. The water level of Baiyangdian rised by about 80 centimeters.

25-220 AD

The Ji prefecture was established in the Western Han Dynasty, and the Baiyangdian area was located here.

TRANSPORTATION: The Jingxiong Intercity Railway started, and it is expected to be put into use at the end of 2020.

2018

THE PERIOD OF THE THREE KINGDOMS, JIN DYNASTY, AND THE NORTHERN AND SOUTHERN DYNASTIES

195-220 AD

Cao Cao develops the canals system In order to unify the north, Cao Cao has developed a number of canals for the purpose of military transportation, forming the current Haihe system, which has a certain impact on the changes of Baiyangdian waters.

250-305 AD

Juelidian, the old name of Baiyangdian Zuo Si, Wei Capital Ode Zuo Si, was a Chinese writer and poet who lived in the Western Jin Dynasty.

Baiyangdian was recorded as Juelidian in Wei Capital Ode, one of his famous works, the Three Capitals Odes, which caused a phenomenal sale in Luoyang.

220-589 AD

It is a period of chaos in the history of China for four hundred years. The dynasty is changing rapidly, and there are situations in which multiple regimes coexist. For a long time, it is a confrontation between the North and the South.

The Three Kingdoms

220-280 AD

The Three Kingdoms was the tripartite division of China between the states of Wei(Cao), Shu(Liu), and Wu(Sun). It started with the end of the Han Dynasty and was followed by the Jin Dynasty. Baiyangdian area is located in the sphere of influence of the Wei State.

Baiyangdian area is located in the sphere of influence of the Wei State.

220-265 AD Wei State; King: Cao Pi

Jin Dynasty

265-420 AD

There are two main divisions in the history of the dynasty. The Western Jin was established as a successor state to Cao Wei, and had its capital at Luoyang and Chang'an. Western Jin reunited China in 280, but fairly shortly thereafter fell into a succession crisis, civil war, and invasion by the "Five Barbarians". The rebels and invaders began to establish new self-proclaimed states in the Yellow River valley in 304, inaugurating the "Sixteen Kingdoms" era. These states immediately began fighting each other and the Jin Empire, leading to the second division of the dynasty, the Eastern Jin when Sima Rui moved the capital to Jiankang (modern Nanjing); and Baiyangdian area was under the control of the north regime.

The Northern and Southern Dynasties

4.Feb.265-11.Dec.316 AD

The Western Jin Dynasty The Western Jin Dynasty was the only period of great unification in the period of the Three Kingdoms, Jin Dynasty, and the Southern and Northern Dynasties.

The Eastern Jin Dynasty; The Period of the Five Barbarians and the Sixteen Kingdoms; Although the Eastern Jin Dynasty is a continuation of the Sima regime, most of its ruling areas are in Jiangdong, also known as Jiang Zuo. At that time, the regimes established by many nomadic peoples in the north fought for years, and the history was called the period of the Five Barbarians and the Sixteen Kingdoms.

The South Regime: The Eastern Jin Dynasty 317-420 AD

The North Regime: The Five Barbarians and The Sixteen Kingdoms 304-439 AD

Baiyangdian area was under the control of the north regime in the period of the Five Barbarians and the Sixteen Kingdoms.

420-589 AD The South Regime:

The North Regime: the Northern Wei 386-534 AD

Song 420-479

534 AD Renqiu Huanglei Xing’s Family Graveyard This family graveyard is currently located in Zanhuang County, Hebei Province, which is to the southwest of Xiong’an New Area. It migrated to the current location in 534 AD, the last year of the Northern Wei Dynasty.

The Southern and Northern Dynasties began with the establishment of Liu Song in Liu Jinyu's Eastern Jin in 420, and the annihilation of the South Chen in 589. They are called the Northern and Southern Dynasties since the two forces are facing each other for a long time. The Southern Dynasties (Southern Regime) included the four dynasties of Song, Qi, Liang, and Chen; the Northern Dynasties (Northern Regime) included the Five Dynasties which are the Northern Wei Dynasty, the Eastern Wei Dynasty, the Western Wei Dynasty, the Northern Qi Dynasty and the Northern Zhou Dynasty.

Qi 479-502 Liang 502-557

Baiyangdian Area in the Northern Wei Dynasty Li Daoyuan recorded the Dawodian and Xiaowodian in the south of Rongcheng County in the Yishui Chapter of the Commentary on the Water Classic*. According to researches, it is currently Dawangdian and Xiaowangdian in the Baiyangdian area

466 AD

*The Commentary on the Water Classic The Commentary on the Water Classic is a work on the ancient geography of China, describing the traditional understanding of its waterways and ancient canals, compiled by Li Daoyuan during the Northern Wei Dynasty.

The book is divided into sections by river, each described with its source, course, and major tributaries, including cultural and historical notes.

the Eastern Wei 534-550 the Western Wei 535-557 the Northern Qi 550-577 the Northern Zhou 557-581

Chen 557-589

SUI-TANG PERIOD

581-907 AD

The Sui Dynasty

581-619 AD

The Sui and Tang Dynasties were the two great unified dynasties after a long period of chaos. This period is the second great reunification of China after the Qin-Han period.

The Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal The Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal is located in eastern China. It has a total length of 1,794 kilometers. It runs from Beijing to Hangzhou, flowing through the four provinces of Beijing, Tianjin, Hebei, Shandong, Jiangsu, and Zhejiang, communicating with the five major river systems of Hai River, Yellow River, Huai River, Yangtze River, and Qiantang River. The Sui government formed the canal waterway on the basis of the Han Trench, which is initially built in the Spring and Autumn Period.

Baiyangdian area belongs to the system of Hai River.

Baiyangdian area was located in the rural places of the Zhuo Prefecture, Shanggu Prefecture and Hejian Prefecture.

The Tang Dynasty

However, the excavation of the Yongji Canal (now the South Canal) has blocked the flood discharge from the rivers that originated in the Taihang Mountains, causing the flood in the middle and lower reaches of the river, and the water in the low-lying area formed lakes. New Book of Tang, Geography Treaties records that "there are ninety-nine lakes" which refers to the current Baiyangdian.

618-907 AD

Baiyangdian area was located in the rural places of the You Prefecture and Yi Prefecture, Hebei Dao.

FIVE DYNASTIES AND TEN KINGDOMS PERIOD, AND THE LIAO, SONG, JIN, AND WESTERN XIA

907-1279 AD The Waqiao Pass and the Sixteen Prefectures of Yan & Yun 924 AD Post-Tang

At the end of the Tang Dynasty, the Khitan in the northeast became stronger and repeatedly committed to the south. By the time of the Five Dynasties Period, the Khitan continued to expand its territory, thus, wars happened in the area of the Three Passes (Waqiao Pass, Yijin Pass, and Yukou Pass). In 924 AD, the Khitan invaded and occupied Waqiao Pass.

938 AD Post-Jin

Later, Shi Jingtang borrowed troops from Khitan, destroyed the Post-Tang and established the Post-Jin. Therefore, according to the agreement, Shi Jingtang ceded the Yanyun Sixteen Prefectures to the Khitan.

From then on, the Three Passes belonged to the Khitan.

959 AD Post-Zhou

The King of the Post-Zhou led the army to crusade the Liao and recovered the Yan Prefecture, Mo Prefecture, Ning Prefecture and the Three Passes in the Yanyun Sixteen Prefectures. Since then, the Three Passes have become the northern frontier of the Central Plains regime.

This is the last political upheaval period during the Chinese feudal society, which has last for nearly 400 years.

due to time, personnel, and funding constraints. They should all be able to operate independently (which

Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms Period The Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period was an era of political upheaval in 10th-century Imperial China.

916-1125 AD Five states quickly succeeded one another in the Central Plain, and more than a dozen concurrent states were The Five Dynasties established elsewhere, mainly and Ten Kingdoms in South China. It was the last period was an era of prolonged period of multiple political upheaval in political division in Chinese 10th-century Imperial imperial history.

China. Five states quickly succeeded one another in the Central Plain, and more than a dozen concurrent states were established elsewhere, mainly in South China.

It was the last prolonged period of multiple political division in Chinese imperial history.

907-979 AD

Liao Dynasty

means they can be relatively stable systems) and should be able to be assembled into larger, higher-level

Daqinghe River Source

大 清 河 源 头

Taihang Mountains

太 行 山

of ecological units or systems.

Baiyangdian Wwetland and its macro and micro context. By studying the living (ingestion) pattern and

2852-222 BC

2852-2070 BC The Three Sovereigns: Fuxi, Nvwa, Shennong; The Five Emperors: Yellow Emperor, Zhuanxu, Emperor Ku Emperor Yao, Emperor Shun

Renqiu Yabazhuang Heritage Site IV, etc.

The northern boundary of the Central Plains Zhou Dynasty had already advanced to the Yanshan, and the Baiyangdian area was developed into the backup zone of the northern boundary.

The Yan State managed the north at the beginning of the Western Zhou Dynasty. However, the historical records of the Yan State of the Western Zhou Dynasty are unclear, and the archaeological remains outside the Yan Capital are also limited.

Few sites are found in the Baiyangdian area during the Western Zhou Dynasty; main culture relics include the Renqiu Yabazhuang Heritage Site.

study of possible models of the “anthro-ecology” at different scales from the perspectives of “balance”,

This thesis starts China’s water system chronologically and spatially. The main research object is the

Since 3100-2700 BC

Central Plains Shang Culture: Rongcheng Uphill Heritage Site IV, Renqiu Yabazhuang Heritageg Site III; Northern Culture System: Anxin Xinkezhuang Heritage Site II The northern border of the Central Plains Dynasty has been pushed to the Baiyangdian area, and the northern culture has gradually been pushed out of this area. The cultural relics of the Shang Dynasty were more complicated than before, including at least two cultural systems: the Shang Culture system and the northern culture system. Typical culture relics of the former is similar to the remains of the Yinxu; and this culture belongs to the same culture system as the Yinxu culture, though it remains some characteristics that belong to the northern cultures.

wetland ecosystems (or other natural ecosystems).

gardening and can be organically integrated with urbanism. On this basis, this paper is focusing on the

1038-1227 AD

Western Xia Dynasty

Jin 1115-1234 AD Dynasty

Nothern Song Dynasty

960-1127 AD

Southern Song Dynasty

1127-1279 AD

YUAN DYNASTY, MING DYNASTY, AND QING DYNASTY

The Great Wall of Water In the early years of the establishment of the Northern Song Dynasty, the Three Passes became the northern border of the Song. The Northern Song Dynasty gathered heavy troops here to prevent the invasion of the Khitan and Liao. The Three Passes was surrounded by plains. With no favorable terrain to help the defense, the Song government reconstructed the rivers to form a large number of lakes. The lakes were all connected with each other, forming a Great Wall of Water, with a twist of 800 miles and a width of 60 miles. The Great Wall of Water has played an important role in preventing the south invasion of Liao.

口 头 水 库

Baiyangdian Wwetland is alleviated; and simultaneously, this model should be duplicable and could be applied in other urban areas.

西 大 洋 水 库

1271-1368 AD

The Ming Dynasty

1368-1644 AD

The Qing Dynasty

West Dayang Reservoir

They can be assembled into larger, higher-level ecological units in which the city's pressure on the

The Daqing River System

大 清 河 水 系

Wangkuai Reservoir

王 快 水 库

functional districts, as infrastructures, to satisfy the needs of living (ingestion) and polluting (excretion).

The Yuan Dynasty

Koutou Reservoir

wetland ecosystem, the thesis develops a collection of ecological units (biotopes) suitable for different

Hengshanling Reservoir

横 山 岭 水 库

Building Palaces Leads to Environmental Degradation The capital cities of Yuan and Ming are both in Beijing. The emperor cut down the forests on Taihang mountain for the construction of the palaces, destroying the vegetation, causing soil erosion in the mountains. The river originated in the Taihang Mountains was silted up, and the sediments were deposited and retreated, resulting in decadence.

1367 AD

938-1367 AD The Loss of the Sixteen Prefectures of Yan and Yun (Baiyangdian Area belonged to the Mo Prefecture) In 1367, Zhu Yuanzhang ended the rule of Mongols in China, and the Sixteen Prefectures were also recovered.

1488 AD

The Rivers Were Silted Up And The Baiyangdian Lakes Dried Out Baiyangdian, located in the lower reaches of the Tanghe River and the Shahe River which originated in the Taihang Mountains, has been silted up into flat by 1488. According to the Region's annals of Xin’an County, the center of this area has become the horse-racing field.

1517 AD

The Baiyangdian Area Became Lakes Again According to the Comprehensive Geography of the Great Qing Dynasty, the Zhulong River bursted its bank and flowed to the Baiyangdian area, making the Baiyangdian area into lakes again.

1532 AD

Floods Began to Occur Frequently According to the History of the Ming Dynasty, after the Baiyangdian area became a lake again, floods began to occur frequently. In 1532, Xu Yuanzhang, the Ministry of Industry, was ordered to relieve the disaster.

1540 AD

The Baiyangdian Lakes Has Beautiful Scenery and is Rich in Aquatic Plant, yet there were many floods at that time.

According to the revised Hejian Fuzhi, Baiyangdian has a circumference of 30 kilometers and is rich in aquatic plants and looks very large. There were many poems comparing Baiyangdian with West Lake, Dongting Lake, and Taihu Lake to praise its beauty. However, the dam of Baiyangdian was short and low and there were many floods at that time.

1725 AD

The Baiyangdian Area Became a Transportation Hub The Baiyangdian dam is very short and not strong enough, so it often breaks, and the flood is serious. In 1725, the Zhulong River burst its bank, and the Baiyangdian dam broke. According to the Annals of Renqiu County, the Qing government built a new dam in 1725, and 11 bridges and a pavilion were built as a hub to connect the north-south land routes and the east-west water routes.

1726 AD

Farm Lands In 1726, the Qing government established relevant departments here to opened up farm lands in Anzhou and Renqiu.

1744 AD

Shipping Route From Baoding to Tianjin Was Built In 1744, the Qing government rebuilt the existing ancient river channel, introduced the Tanghe water into the Fu River, and opened the shipping route from Baoding to Tianjin (through Baiyangdian).

1636-1912 AD

Anthropocene [2]

Since 1712

Industrial Revolution Crutzen* proposed the Industrial Revolution as the start of Anthropocene.

Lovelock proposes that the Anthropocene began with the first application of the Newcomen atmospheric engine in 1712. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change takes the pre-industrial era (chosen as the year 1750) as the baseline related to changes in long-lived, well mixed greenhouse gases. Although it is apparent that the Industrial Revolution ushered in an unprecedented global human impact on the planet, much of Earth's landscape already had been profoundly modified by human activities. The human impact on Earth has grown progressively, with few substantial slowdowns.

Anthropocene [2] Industrial Revolution

938-1367 AD The Loss of the Sixteen Prefectures of Yan and Yun (Baiyangdian Area belonged to the Mo Prefecture) The Sixteen Prefectures of Yan and Yun, comprise a historical region in northern China along the Great Wall in present-day Beijing and Tianjin Municipalities and northern Hebei and Shanxi Province, that were ceded by the Shatuo Turk Emperor Shi Jingtang of the Later Jin to the Khitan Liao dynasty in 938. The subsequent Later Zhou and Song Dynasties sought to recover the ceded northern territories. In 1123, the Jurchens ceded most of the territories except Yunzhou to the Song, but retook them in 1125. The loss of the Sixteen Prefectures exposed the plains of central China to further incursions by the Jurchens (the ancestor of Manchus) and the Mongols.

In 1367, Zhu Yuanzhang ended the rule of Mongols in China, and the Sixteen Prefectures were also recovered.

907-1279 AD

In the 13th century, the Yuan Dynasty was established, ending the split of more than 400 years since the end of the Tang Dynasty. The three dynasties of the Yuan, Ming and Qing were basically in a unified state, and Beijing was the capital for most of the time, so historians often called them together.

polluting (excretion) pattern of the human ecosystem which while superimposed upon the existing

*Crutzen, P. J. (2002). “Geology of Mankind”. Nature.

Industrial Revolution

1760-1840

Second Industrial Revolution

1870-1914

REPUBLIC OF CHINA

Renqiu Six Sceneries In the middle of Qianlong, Liu Tong, the magistrate of the Renqiu County, rebuilt the Dam. The economy of Baiyangdian Area has developed and the natural scenery is more beautiful after those constructions. The emperors built a number of Palaces along Baiyangdian to see the beautiful natural scenery.

1912-1949 AD

World War I

1914-1918

Anti-Japanese War

1937-1945 AD

19371945 AD 1939-1945

Baiyangdian Wetlands

白 洋 淀

In 1937 AD, the Anti-Japanese War broke out. The Baiyangdian, because of its complicated territory, became an anti-Japanese base. The Yanling Team, led by the Communist Party of China, attacked the Japanese motorboat and smashed the enemy. In May 1940, during the extremely difficult period of the anti-Japanese War, the Renqiu County Party Committee and the county government transferred to Liu Lizhuang and Hao Zhuang (formerly Renqiu, now belonging to Anxin County, Xiong’An New Area) on the edge of Baiyangdian. In 1945, the Japanese aggressors surrendered, and Baiyangdian returned to the hands of the people.

Since July 16, 1945

Anthropocene [3]

World War I

Anthropocene [3] Atomic Age The Anthropological Working Group recommended that the first time humans conduct atomic bomb testing on July 16, 1945 be the beginning of the Anthropocene.

Since 1947 AD

PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA

1949 AD

1954.8 AD

Atomic Age

1955 AD 1956.8 AD

1962 AD

The Mainstream of Haihe River

Project: Zaolinzhuang Flood Relief Channel

Floods Water Level: 11.31m / 37.106 ft Amount of Fishing and Catching 8.85 million Kg Floods Water Level: 11.30m / 37.073 ft

Reeds The area of the reeds field in Baiyangdian Area: 20,900 acre Production: 700,000,000 Kg Floods Water Level: 11.58m / 38 ft Reeds The area of the reeds field in Baiyangdian Area: 12,850 acre

1965 AD

The Rivers were Silted up and the Transportation Stopped The water ways from Baoding to Baiyangdian and from Baiyangdain to Tianjin stopped.

1965 AD

Project: Zaolinzhuang Hub Project The Zaolinzhuang Hub Project was completed, which increased the flood discharge capacity of Baiyangdian, and to a certain extent, the artificial regulation of the Baiyangdian stagnation flood has been realized.

Project: Daqing River New Building Hub The Daqing River New Building Hub was built in Rongcheng County, which increased the water source of Baiyangdian; However, it also increased the burden of Baiyangdian's flood levitation.

1970 AD

1970 AD

1st Water Transfer Project From 1981 to June 1984, Baiyangdian successively transferred 293 million cubic meters of water from the upstream reservoir. However, due to various consumptions on the way, Baiyangdian only received 0.87 billion cubic meters.

19811984 AD

1982 AD

1983.71988.8 AD 2003 AD

Yellow River-Baiyangdian Water Transfer Project The fifth Yellow River – Baiyangdian Water Transfer Project started to operate. It lasted for about 83 days, and the water replenishment was about 100 million cubic meters. The water level of Baiyangdian rised by about 80 centimeters.

Reeds The area of the reeds field in Baiyangdian Area: 14,000 acre Production: 350,000,000 Kg

1964 AD

1966.1-8 AD

Yuecheng-Baiyangdian Water Transfer Project From February to June 2004, the Ministry of Water Resources and Hebei Province implemented the Yuecheng-Baiyangdian water transfer project, transferring water from the Yuecheng Reservoir, which is more than 400 kilometers away from Baiyangdian. This will help making Baiyangdian increase by 159 million cubic meters.

Digital Revolution

Since 1949 AD

After the founding of the People's Republic of China, the party and the government control Baiyangdian comprehensively. The ecology of the Baiyangdian area is getting better, but still faced some problems.

1963.8 AD

干海 流河

60

The Origin of Agriculture in the Yellow River Basin Relatively mature farming civilization appeared in the Yellow River watershed.

The Peak of the Ancient Baiyangdian During the Middle Holocene from 7500 to 2500 years ago, marine transgression occurred in the eastern part of the Hebei Plain. The sea level rose, and the river flow was obstructed. Simultaneously, the climate is humid and rainy; thus the river water was increasing.

The water area of Baiyangdian was expanding to the peak of the whole Holocene.

3000-2600 BC Late Neolothic, Late Yangshao Era Culture Xueshan Phase I Culture

Anxin Xinkezhuang Heritage Site I, Rongcheng Uphill Heritage Site III, Bailong Heritage Site, Wufang Heritage Site, Renqiu Yabazhuang Heritage Site II, etc.

The northern boundary of the Central Plains dynasty was actively advancing northward and was close to the southern margin of the Baiyangdian area. Typical culture relics includes gray potteries, beans and other forms of containers. This is a special culture in the junction between the north and the south culture systems, which is called "Xia Yuegezhuang Culture", while it still has its own characteristics. This is the unique local culture of the Baiyangdian area, though it allied to the Central Plains culture circle, and is the alliance culture of the Central Plains dynasty expanding toward the north.

Area means to build a city upon a heavily- contaminated natural wetland; therefore, from the perspective

most of them are focusing on the development of landscape science into a discipline that is not limited to

3500-3000 BC Late Neolothic, Late Yangshao Era Culture

Rongcheng Hexi Heritage Site, Anxin Shenming Temple Heritage Site, Laicheng Heritage Site, Renqiu Yabazhuang Heritage Site, etc.

Typical culture relics includes gray pottery and black pottery.

The popular decorative patterns includes string, basket and square pattern. There are many similarities with the remains of the Longshan Era in the southern part of Hebei Province.

105 KM

Beijing and explore new urban development patterns. However, the establishment of the Xiong'An New

Currently, there are many studies based on ecological urbanism and landscape urbanism. However,

4000-3500 BC Neolothic, Mid-Yangshao Era Culture

Rongcheng Wufang Heritage Site The typical pottery is cylindrical cans and potteries, mainly red, with patterns such as strips, triangles, nets and diagonal stripes. The painted pottery is somewhat similar to the Big Sikong culture, and the age is roughly the same.

The Three Sovereigns, were said to be god-kings, demigods or god emperors who used their abilities to improve the lives of their people and impart to them essential skills and knowledge. The Five Emperors are portrayed as exemplary sages who possessed great moral character and lived to a great age and ruled over a period of great peace.These kings are said to have helped introduce the use of fire, taught people how to build houses and invented farming. The Yellow Emperor's wife is credited with the invention of silk culture. The discovery of medicine, the invention of the calendar and Chinese script are also credited to the kings. After their era, Yu the Great founded the Xia Dynasty.

“JingJinJi (Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei)” economic triangle, it is expected to offload the “non-capital” functions of

which can be self-sustained and has the ability of self-recovery.

4700-4000 BC Neolithic, Early Yangshao Era Culture Hougang Phase I Culture

Renqiu Sangezhuang Heritage Site The typical cultural relics are painted pottery pots, basin, etc., decorated with red and brown colors, and the patterns have curved triangles, dots, etc..

The Three Sovereigns & Five Emperors Age

Xiong'An New Area in Hebei Province. While its main function is to serve as a development hub for the

Anthropocene, an enhanced ecosystem with human beings as the main body should be developed,

Anxin Liucun Heritage Site Upper Layer Typical pottery has terracotta pots, different forms of containers, tripods, etc. The cultural nature belongs to the first post culture.

5500 - 500 BC

PRE-QIN PERIOD

human activities. On April 1, 2017, the Chinese government announced the establishment of the

system: it needs to ingest a lot from the outside and excrete to the outside world. Therefore, in the

5000-4700 BC Neolithic North Fudi Phase II Culture Pre-Yangshao Culture

Rongcheng Uphill Heritage Site II, Xushui Baohe Heritage Site, etc.

Typical cultural relics include red-brown pottery pots, basins and muddy brown pottery figurines, and a small number of painted pottery. It belongs to the cultural heritage of the transition to the Longshan Era at the end of the Yangshao Era. The cultural nature basically belongs to the Xueshan Phase I Culture

With the rapid development of urbanization on a global scale, urban space has carried most of the

since the 18th century (Iindustrial Rrevolution). However, our existing urban ecosystem is not a balanced

6500-5000 BC Early Neolithic North Fudi Phase I Culture

Anxin Liucun Heritage Site Lower Layer, North Rongcheng Hertiagge Site Typical cultural relics include pottery pots, pottery support arms, and different kinds of containers. This kind of remains is earlier than the Hougang Phase I culture, slightly later than the North Fudi Phase II culture, and belongs to a cultural relic of the Pre-Yangshao era, which can be called the second phase of North Fudi culture.

Bronze Age

More on the Link: https://issuu.com/bingyuzeng/docs/bingyu_zeng-infrawaterscape2

Simultaneously, human activities have begun to have a large global impact on climate and ecosystems

Rongcheng Uphill Heritage Site I, Anxin Liangzhuang Heritage Site Lower Layer etc.

Typical cultural relics include millstone, pottery decorated with geometric patterns, and support arms. This kind of remains belongs to the Northern Fudi Phase I cultural system; and also has some similarities with the Cishan culture. The times should be roughly equal.

The earliest bronze artifacts have been found in the Majiayao culture site.

Instructor: Fei Wang

of urban designers and architects, we need to explore the intersections of cities, urban renewal, and

Early Anthropocene Model - Agricultural Revolution While much of the environmental change occurring on Earth is suspected to be a direct consequence of the Industrial Revolution, William Ruddiman has argued that the proposed Anthropocene began approximately 8,000 years ago with the development of farming and sedentary cultures. At this point, humans were dispersed across all of the continents (except Antarctica), and the Neolithic Revolution was ongoing. During this period, humans developed agriculture and animal husbandry to supplement or replace hunter-gatherer subsistence. Such innovations were followed by a wave of extinctions, beginning with large mammals and land birds. This wave was driven by both the direct activity of humans (e.g. hunting) and the indirect consequences of land-use change for agriculture.

Athropocene [1]

2004.2-6 AD 2005 AD

The Baiyangdian Lakes Dried Out Water Level < 6.5m / 21.325ft Amount of Fishing and Catching 2.7 million Kg Artificial fish farming developed gradually since 1970s

Reeds The area of the reeds field in Baiyangdian Area: 19,110 acre Production: 44,500,000 Kg The Baiyangdian Lakes Dried out for Five Consecutive Years Water Level < 6.5m / 21.325ft The Baiyangdian Lakes Dried Out Water Level < 6.5m / 21.325ft The Baiyangdian Lakes Dried Out Water Level < 6.5m / 21.325ft

2017.4.1 The Foundation of Xiong’An New Area 2017.11.16 AD Ecological Water Transfer Projects So far, the government has carried out 24 ecological water supplements in Baiyangdian area, including upstream reservoir water transfer and inter-basin water transfer.

61

Rongcheng Uphill Heritage Site II, Xushui Baohe Heritage Site, etc.

Typical cultural relics include red-brown pottery pots, basins and muddy brown pottery figurines, and a small number of painted pottery. It belongs to the cultural heritage of the transition to the Longshan Era at the end of the Yangshao Era. The cultural nature basically belongs to the Xueshan Phase I Culture

PRE-QIN PERIOD The Three Sovereigns & Five Emperors Age

Ancient Route of Yellow River in 23C BC (Yu River) 2852-222 BC

2852-2070 BC The Three Sovereigns: Fuxi, Nvwa, Shennong; The Five Emperors: Yellow Emperor, Zhuanxu, Emperor Ku Emperor Yao, Emperor Shun

Aral Sea Aral Sea

The Three Sovereigns, were said to be god-kings, demigods or god emperors who used their abilities to improve the lives of their people and impart to them essential skills and knowledge. The Five Emperors are portrayed as exemplary sages who possessed great moral character and lived to a great age and ruled over a period of great peace.These kings are said to have helped introduce the use of fire, taught people how to build houses and invented farming. The Yellow Emperor's wife is credited with the invention of silk culture. The discovery of medicine, the invention of the calendar and Chinese script are also credited to the kings. After their era, Yu the Great founded the Xia Dynasty.

Rongcheng Hexi Heritage Site, Anxin Shenming Temple Heritage Site, Laicheng Heritage Site, Renqiu Yabazhuang Heritage Site, etc.

Typical culture relics includes gray pottery and black pottery.

The popular decorative patterns includes string, basket and square pattern. There are many similarities with the remains of the Longshan Era in the southern part of Hebei Province.

Xia-Shang-Zhou Period It was about 4000-2770 year ago when the three dynasties were flourished in the hinterland of the Central Plains of Ancient China; their splendid culture influenced the surrounding area.

The Baiyangdian area, which located in the lower reaches of the ancient Yellow River, is between the Central Plains of China and the northern part of Didi while it belonged to the Central Plains dynasties. Therefore, the Xia, Shang and Zhou dynasties actively expanded northward, focusing on the vigorous operation of the Baiyangdian area, making this area gradually become the enclosure barrier of the northern frontier. As the dynasty changed, the Baiyangdian area in the Eastern Zhou Dynasty was, on the one hand the bridge between Yan State and Zhao State plus Qi State, and on the other hand was the front line of the defense between the two sides.

Anxin Xinkezhuang Heritage Site I, Rongcheng Uphill Heritage Site III, Bailong Heritage Site, Wufang Heritage Site, Renqiu Yabazhuang Heritage Site II, etc.

The northern boundary of the Central Plains dynasty was actively advancing northward and was close to the southern margin of the Baiyangdian area. Typical culture relics includes gray potteries, beans and other forms of containers. This is a special culture in the junction between the north and the south culture systems, which is called "Xia Yuegezhuang Culture", while it still has its own characteristics. This is the unique local culture of the Baiyangdian area, though it allied to the Central Plains culture circle, and is the alliance culture of the Central Plains dynasty expanding toward the north.

Central Plains Shang Culture: Rongcheng Uphill Heritage Site IV, Renqiu Yabazhuang Heritageg Site III; Northern Culture System: Anxin Xinkezhuang Heritage Site II The northern border of the Central Plains Dynasty has been pushed to the Baiyangdian area, and the northern culture has gradually been pushed out of this area. The cultural relics of the Shang Dynasty were more complicated than before, including at least two cultural systems: the Shang Culture system and the northern culture system. Typical culture relics of the former is similar to the remains of the Yinxu; and this culture belongs to the same culture system as the Yinxu culture, though it remains some characteristics that belong to the northern cultures.

Renqiu Yabazhuang Heritage Site IV, etc.

The northern boundary of the Central Plains Zhou Dynasty had already advanced to the Yanshan, and the Baiyangdian area was developed into the backup zone of the northern boundary.

The Yan State managed the north at the beginning of the Western Zhou Dynasty. However, the historical records of the Yan State of the Western Zhou Dynasty are unclear, and the archaeological remains outside the Yan Capital are also limited.

Few sites are found in the Baiyangdian area during the Western Zhou Dynasty; main culture relics include the Renqiu Yabazhuang Heritage Site.

62

3000-2600 BC Late Neolothic, Late Yangshao Era Culture Xueshan Phase I Culture

Iron Age The development of iron metallurgy was known by the 9th century BC. The large seal script is identified with a group of characters from a book entitled Shĭ Zhoù Piān (c. 800 BC)

2600-2000 BC Late Neolothic, Longshan Era Culture Hougang Phase II Culture

Baikal Lake Baikal Lake

Emperor Yao Great Yu Controls the Water & Emperor Earlier than 2000BC when it was Emperor Yao Age, there was a great flood Shun Age in the Yellow River Basin, continued for several generations. Gun, Yu’s Father, was appointed by Emperor Yao to control the flood, but was failed.

He was punished and his son, Yu, was appointed to take Gun’s place. Yu used a different approach to abate the great flood, which in the end having achieved the success. Yu's approach seems to have involved an approach more oriented toward drainage and less towards containment with dams and dikes; and this thought (of dredging) has a profound effect in China’s future theories and practice of river harnessing. After his work, Yu was respected and supported by the public, and inaugurating dynastic rule in China by establishing the Xia Dynasty.

Balkhash Balkhash Lake Lake

2050±150 BC

Yellow River Diversion According to geological studies, the Yellow River had a major change in 2050±150 BC, from east (Shandong into the sea) to north (Hebei and Tianjin) into the sea. Longshan culture in the west of Henan and the south of Shanxi was continued in the Erlitou culture; while the Longshan culture in Shandong, which flourished before the flood, declined at this time, and even began to retrogress.

2070-771 BC Xia-Shang-Zhou Period refers to Xia Dynasty, Shang Dynasty, and West Zhou Dynasty Baotou

Yinchuan Qingtongxia Xining

2070-1600 BC Xia Dynasty, Xia Yuegezhuang Culture

Linxia The Origin of Yellow River

Qingtongxia

Hohhot

XIONG’AN XIONG’AN

Yinchuan Yulin

Yulin

Xining Lanzhou

The Origin of Yellow River

Baotou Hohhot

Dongying Jinan

Jinan Lanzhou Linxia

Yan’an

Yan’an

Taishan

Dongying Taishan

Hancheng

Hancheng Zhengzhou Zhengzhou Sanmenxia Sanmenxia Kaifeng Kaifeng Luoyang Songshan Ruicheng Luoyang RuichengSongshan

1600-1406 BC Shang Dynasty, Central Plains Shang Culture, Northern Culture System

1406-771 BC Zhou Dynasty, Western Zhou Period Central Plains Western Zhou Culture

Since 9th century BC

63

Western Zhou Dynasty. However, the historical records of the Yan State of the Western Zhou Dynasty are unclear, and the archaeological remains outside the Yan Capital are also limited.

Few sites are found in the Baiyangdian area during the Western Zhou Dynasty; main culture relics include the Renqiu Yabazhuang Heritage Site.

Iron Age

Ancient Route of Yellow River in 2C BC (West Han Dynasty)

Since 9th century BC

The development of iron metallurgy was known by the 9th century BC. The large seal script is identified with a group of characters from a book entitled Shĭ Zhoù Piān (c. 800 BC)

The Spring and Autumn Period & Warning States Period

Baikal Lake

770-221 BC Xia-Shang-Zhou Period refers to Xia Dynasty, Shang Dynasty, and West Zhou Dynasty

Aral Sea

Marquis of Yan moved the capital to Linyi in the early Spring and Autumn Period. During the Warring States Period, Wuyang City, which is now famous as the Yanxiadu Heritage site, was built on the north bank of Yishui.

For most time of the Warring States period, the southern part of the Yan State was boarded by Yishui, and the Baiyangdian area happened to be in the southern part of the Yan State. At the same time, it was also the near-capital area.

Another famous symbol of the southern part of the Yan State during the Warring States Period was the Southern Great Wall of Yan built along Yishui. The northern Great Wall of Yan State mainly defends the northern tribes such as Donghu and Shant, while the South Great Wall is mainly facing Zhao and Qi. The archaeological discovery of the Yannan Great Wall remains in the west from the Taihang Mountain in Yi County. It flows eastward through Xushui, Rongcheng, Anxin, Xiongxian, and Wen'an to Dacheng, with a total length of nearly 260 kilometers. This Great Wall is not only the southern boundary of the Yan State but also the dividing line between Yan and Zhao. It is also the frontier of the important cultural exchanges between Yan and Zhao.

Bactria

Balkhash Lake

Huns

Sushen

Dayuan

Nanyang Heritage Site I of Rongcheng, Da Magezhuang Cemetery of Xushui, etc.

The relics of the Yan State in the Spring and Autumn Period were found to be less, mainly including the Nanyang Heritage Site I of Rongcheng and the Da Magezhuang Cemetery of Xushui. Typical pottery such as columns, cans and different form of containers and sacrificial wares.

770-256 BC Zhou Dynasty, Eastern Zhou Period Yan Culture of Eastern Zhou

Lower Capital of Yan The northern boundary of the Central Plains Zhou Dynasty had already advanced to the Yanshan, and the Baiyangdian area was developed into the backup zone of the northern boundary.

The Yan State managed the north at the beginning of the Western Zhou Dynasty. However, the historical records of the Yan State of the Western Zhou Dynasty are unclear, and the archaeological remains outside the Yan Capital are also limited.

Few sites are found in the Baiyangdian area during the Western Zhou Dynasty; main culture relics includes the Renqiu Yabazhuang Heritage Site.

Around 400 BC Mid-Warning States Period, Yan Culture

The Southern Great Wall of Yan The Southern Great Wall of Yan, or the Yishui Great Wall, was built to defend Yan from the attack of Zhao and Qi. It flows eastward through Xushui, Rongcheng, Anxin, Xiongxian, and Wen'an to Dacheng, with a total length of nearly 260 kilometers. This Great Wall is not only the southern boundary of the Yan State but also the dividing line between Yan and Zhao.

It is also the frontier of the important cultural exchanges between Yan and Zhao.

323-222 BC Late-Warning States Period, Yan State (Separated), Yan Culture

Western Regions 602 BC

The Great Diversion of the Yu River Yu River was the ancient name of the Yellow River In the 5th year of the King Ding of Zhou Dynasty, the Yellow River retraced in Suxukou, Liyang (now southwest of Jun County, Henan Province), deviated from the old river channel of the Yellow River (Yu River), and enter the sea in Zhangwu (now northeast of Jixian County, Hebei Province). It was the first diversion after the flood abated by Yu the Great. The original old channel sometimes went water, and it was completely stopped in the middle of the Warring States period.

Baotou

The Desintegration of the Ancient Baiyangdian In the late Holocene, the climate turned to drought, and the precipitation became smaller. The Baiyangdian became shallower, and the water area became smaller, including partial drought. The ancient Baiyangdian gradually disintegrated.

Indo-Greek Kingdom

Yishui and Baiyangdian Yishui is consisted with 3 branches, the north Yishui, the middle Yishui, and the south Yishui, which is the one that went into Baiyangdian.

Yulin

Xining

QIN-HAN PERIOD

From the Qin Dynasty to the Tang Dynasty, although the number of archaeological remains discovered in the Baiyangdian area is limited, the traditional features of cultural continuity remain. They have the distinct commonalities of the unified culture of the Central Plains dynasty, and more or less contain some regional culture, especially the factors of northern culture.

221 BC-220 AD Xia-Shang-Zhou Period refers to Xia Dynasty, Shang Dynasty, and West Zhou Dynasty

Qin Dynasty

Yan’an

Lanzhou Linxia

Emishi

Jin

Taishan

Hancheng

Zhengzhou Sanmenxia Kaifeng Ruicheng Luoyang Songshan

The Origin of Yellow River

Jing Ke Assassinates the Emperor of Qin Crown Prince Dan ordered Jing Ke to assassinate the emperor of Qin. Jing Ke bade his friend Jianli farewell in the south Yishui and set up his journey to Emperor Qin. Jing Ke failed.

Western Han Dynasty

Shunga Empire

Yelang Minyue

Yelang

221-206 BC

Nanyue

Qin unified the Central Plains, set prefectures and counties.

Baiyangdian area is located in Yi County, Guangyang Prefecture.

West-Han Dynasty

Dongying

Jinan

Western Qiang Nationalities

227 BC

Korea

XIONG’AN

Yinchuan Qingtongxia

500 BC

Hohhot

206 BC - 25 AD

The You prefecture was established in the Western Han Dynasty, and the Baiyangdian area was divided into both Rongcheng County and Yi County.

East-Han Dynasty

25-220 AD 195-220 AD

The Ji prefecture was established in the Western Han Dynasty, and the Baiyangdian area was located here.

64

Cao Cao develops the canals system In order to unify the north, Cao Cao has developed a number of canals for the purpose of military transportation, forming the current Haihe system, which has a certain impact on the changes of Baiyangdian waters.

65

THE PERIOD OF THE THREE KINGDOMS,

220-589 AD

East-Han Dynasty

25-220 AD 195-220 AD

The Ji prefecture was established in the Western Han Dynasty, and the Baiyangdian area was located here.

Cao Cao develops the canals system In order to unify the north, Cao Cao has developed a number of canals for the purpose of military transportation, forming the current Haihe system, which has a certain impact on the changes of Baiyangdian waters.

Ancient Route of Yellow River in 1C AD (East Han Dynasty)

THE PERIOD OF THE THREE KINGDOMS, JIN DYNASTY, AND THE NORTHERN AND SOUTHERN DYNASTIES It is a period of chaos in the history of China for four hundred years. The dynasty is changing rapidly, and there are situations in which multiple regimes coexist. For a long time, it is a confrontation between the North and the South.

220-589 AD

Baikal Lake

Aral Sea

The Three Kingdoms

Balkhash Lake

220-280 AD

The Three Kingdoms was the tripartite division of China between the states of Wei(Cao), Shu(Liu), and Wu(Sun). It started with the end of the Han Dynasty and was followed by the Jin Dynasty. Baiyangdian area is located in the sphere of influence of the Wei State.

Baiyangdian area is located in the sphere of influence of the Wei State.

Jin Dynasty There are two main divisions in the history of the dynasty. The Western Jin was established as a successor state to Cao Wei, and had its capital at Luoyang and Chang'an. Western Jin reunited China in 280, but fairly shortly thereafter fell into a succession crisis, civil war, and invasion by the "Five Barbarians". The rebels and invaders began to establish new self-proclaimed states in the Yellow River valley in 304, inaugurating the "Sixteen Kingdoms" era. These states immediately began fighting each other and the Jin Empire, leading to the second division of the dynasty, the Eastern Jin when Sima Rui moved the capital to Jiankang (modern Nanjing); and Baiyangdian area was under the control of the north regime.

The Northern and Southern Dynasties The Southern and Northern Dynasties began with the establishment of Liu Song in Liu Jinyu's Eastern Jin in 420, and the annihilation of the South Chen in 589. They are called the Northern and Southern Dynasties since the two forces are facing each other for a long time. The Southern Dynasties (Southern Regime) included the four dynasties of Song, Qi, Liang, and Chen; the Northern Dynasties (Northern Regime) included the Five Dynasties which are the Northern Wei Dynasty, the Eastern Wei Dynasty, the Western Wei Dynasty, the Northern Qi Dynasty and the Northern Zhou Dynasty.

Wusun

220-265 AD Wei State; King: Cao Pi

Northern Hsiung-nu

265-420 AD 4.Feb.265-11.Dec.316 AD

The Western Jin Dynasty The Western Jin Dynasty was the only period of great unification in the period of the Three Kingdoms, Jin Dynasty, and the Southern and Northern Dynasties.

250-305 AD

Juelidian, the old name of Baiyangdian Zuo Si, Wei Capital Ode Zuo Si, was a Chinese writer and poet who lived in the Western Jin Dynasty.

Baiyangdian was recorded as Juelidian in Wei Capital Ode, one of his famous works, the Three Capitals Odes, which caused a phenomenal sale in Luoyang.

The South Regime: The Eastern Jin Dynasty 317-420 AD

The North Regime: The Five Barbarians and The Sixteen Kingdoms 304-439 AD

Baiyangdian area was under the control of the north regime in the period of the Five Barbarians and the Sixteen Kingdoms.

The North Regime: the Northern Wei 386-534 AD

Song 420-479

534 AD Renqiu Huanglei Xing’s Family Graveyard This family graveyard is currently located in Zanhuang County, Hebei Province, which is to the southwest of Xiong’an New Area. It migrated to the current location in 534 AD, the last year of the Northern Wei Dynasty.

Chen 557-589

SUI-TANG PERIOD

the Eastern Wei 534-550 the Western Wei 535-557 the Northern Qi 550-577 the Northern Zhou 557-581

Linxia

581-619 AD

Baiyangdian area was located in the rural places of the Zhuo Prefecture, Shanggu Prefecture and Hejian Prefecture.

The Tang Dynasty

466 AD

Baiyangdian Area in the Northern Wei Dynasty Li Daoyuan recorded the Dawodian and Xiaowodian in the south of Rongcheng County in the Yishui Chapter of the Commentary on the Water Classic*. According to researches, it is currently Dawangdian and Xiaowangdian in the Baiyangdian area

Faqiang

*The Commentary on the Water Classic The Commentary on the Water Classic is a work on the ancient geography of China, describing the traditional understanding of its waterways and ancient canals, compiled by Li Daoyuan during the Northern Wei Dynasty.

The book is divided into sections by river, each described with its source, course, and major tributaries, including cultural and historical notes.

Yan’an

Dongying

Samhan

Taishan

Hancheng

Zhengzhou Sanmenxia Kaifeng Ruicheng Luoyang Songshan

Eastern Han Dynasty

581-907 AD

The Sui and Tang Dynasties were the two great unified dynasties after a long period of chaos. This period is the second great reunification of China after the Qin-Han period.

The Sui Dynasty

Yulin Jinan

Lanzhou

The Origin of Yellow River

Emishi

XIONG’AN

Yinchuan Qingtongxia

Hohhot

Xining

The South Regime:

Liang 502-557

Yumen Pass Baotou

420-589 AD

Qi 479-502

Goguryeo

Protectorate of the Western Regions

The Eastern Jin Dynasty; The Period of the Five Barbarians and the Sixteen Kingdoms; Although the Eastern Jin Dynasty is a continuation of the Sima regime, most of its ruling areas are in Jiangdong, also known as Jiang Zuo. At that time, the regimes established by many nomadic peoples in the north fought for years, and the history was called the period of the Five Barbarians and the Sixteen Kingdoms.

618-907 AD

Baiyangdian area was located in the rural places of the You Prefecture and Yi Prefecture, Hebei Dao.

66

The Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal The Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal is located in eastern China. It has a total length of 1,794 kilometers. It runs from Beijing to Hangzhou, flowing through the four provinces of Beijing, Tianjin, Hebei, Shandong, Jiangsu, and Zhejiang, communicating with the five major river systems of Hai River, Yellow River, Huai River, Yangtze River, and Qiantang River. The Sui government formed the canal waterway on the basis of the Han Trench, which is initially built in the Spring and Autumn Period.

Baiyangdian area belongs to the system of Hai River.

However, the excavation of the Yongji Canal (now the South Canal) has blocked the flood discharge from the rivers that originated in the Taihang Mountains, causing the flood in the middle and lower reaches of the river, and the water in the low-lying area formed lakes. New Book of Tang, Geography Treaties records that "there are ninety-nine lakes" which refers to the current Baiyangdian.

67

907-1279 AD

and the water in the low-lying area formed lakes. New Book of Tang, Geography Treaties records that "there are ninety-nine lakes" which refers to the current Baiyangdian.

Baiyangdian area was located in the rural places of the You Prefecture and Yi Prefecture, Hebei Dao.

Ancient Route of Yellow River in 11C AD (North Song Dynasty)

FIVE DYNASTIES AND TEN KINGDOMS PERIOD, AND THE LIAO, SONG, JIN, AND WESTERN XIA This is the last political upheaval period during the Chinese feudal society, which has last for nearly 400 years.

907-1279 AD The Waqiao Pass and the Sixteen Prefectures of Yan & Yun

Aral Sea

Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms Period The Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period was an era of political upheaval in 10th-century Imperial China.

916-1125 AD Five states quickly succeeded one another in the Central Plain, and more than a dozen concurrent states were The Five Dynasties established elsewhere, mainly and Ten Kingdoms in South China. It was the last period was an era of prolonged period of multiple political upheaval in political division in Chinese 10th-century Imperial imperial history.

China. Five states quickly succeeded one another in the Central Plain, and more than a dozen concurrent states were established elsewhere, mainly in South China.

It was the last prolonged period of multiple political division in Chinese imperial history.

907-979 AD 938 AD Post-Jin

Liao Dynasty

1038-1227 AD

Western Xia Dynasty

Southern Song Dynasty

YUAN DYNASTY, MING DYNASTY, AND QING DYNASTY

Later, Shi Jingtang borrowed troops from Khitan, destroyed the Post-Tang and established the Post-Jin. Therefore, according to the agreement, Shi Jingtang ceded the Yanyun Sixteen Prefectures to the Khitan.

From then on, the Three Passes belonged to the Khitan.

1127-1279 AD

The Great Wall of Water In the early years of the establishment of the Northern Song Dynasty, the Three Passes became the northern border of the Song. The Northern Song Dynasty gathered heavy troops here to prevent the invasion of the Khitan and Liao. The Three Passes was surrounded by plains. With no favorable terrain to help the defense, the Song government reconstructed the rivers to form a large number of lakes. The lakes were all connected with each other, forming a Great Wall of Water, with a twist of 800 miles and a width of 60 miles. The Great Wall of Water has played an important role in preventing the south invasion of Liao.

938-1367 AD The Loss of the Sixteen Prefectures of Yan and Yun (Baiyangdian Area belonged to the Mo Prefecture) The Sixteen Prefectures of Yan and Yun, comprise a historical region in northern China along the Great Wall in present-day Beijing and Tianjin Municipalities and northern Hebei and Shanxi Province, that were ceded by the Shatuo Turk Emperor Shi Jingtang of the Later Jin to the Khitan Liao dynasty in 938. The subsequent Later Zhou and Song Dynasties sought to recover the ceded northern territories. In 1123, the Jurchens ceded most of the territories except Yunzhou to the Song, but retook them in 1125. The loss of the Sixteen Prefectures exposed the plains of central China to further incursions by the Jurchens (the ancestor of Manchus) and the Mongols.

In 1367, Zhu Yuanzhang ended the rule of Mongols in China, and the Sixteen Prefectures were also recovered.

Khitan State

The Yuan Dynasty

1271-1368 AD

The Ming Dynasty

1368-1644 AD

Gaochang Baotou

Hohhot

Western Xia Uyghur

Qingtongxia

Japan

XIONG’AN

Yinchuan Yulin

Xining

Dongying

Jinan Lanzhou Linxia

The Origin of Yellow River

Yan’an

Taishan

Hancheng

Zhengzhou Sanmenxia Kaifeng Ruicheng Luoyang Songshan

The Tibetan Nationalities

907-1279 AD

Building Palaces Leads to Environmental Degradation The capital cities of Yuan and Ming are both in Beijing. The emperor cut down the forests on Taihang mountain for the construction of the palaces, destroying the vegetation, causing soil erosion in the mountains. The river originated in the Taihang Mountains was silted up, and the sediments were deposited and retreated, resulting in decadence.

In the 13th century, the Yuan Dynasty was established, ending the split of more than 400 years since the end of the Tang Dynasty. The three dynasties of the Yuan, Ming and Qing were basically in a unified state, and Beijing was the capital for most of the time, so historians often called them together.

1367 AD

North Song Dynasty

938-1367 AD The Loss of the Sixteen Prefectures of Yan and Yun (Baiyangdian Area belonged to the Mo Prefecture) In 1367, Zhu Yuanzhang ended the rule of Mongols in China, and the Sixteen Prefectures were also recovered.

Kamarupa

1488 AD

68

Balkhash Lake

recovered the Yan Prefecture, Mo Prefecture, Ning Prefecture and the Three Passes in the Yanyun Sixteen Prefectures. Since then, the Three Passes have become the northern frontier of the Central Plains regime.

960-1127 AD

Ghaznavids Dynasty Jin 1115-1234 AD Dynasty

Baikal Lake

At the end of the Tang Dynasty, the Khitan in the northeast became stronger and repeatedly committed to the south. By the time of the Five Dynasties Period, the Khitan continued to expand its territory, thus, wars happened in the area of the Three Passes (Waqiao Pass, Yijin Pass, and Yukou Pass). In 924 AD, the Khitan invaded and occupied Waqiao Pass.

East Kara-Khanid 959 ADKhanate The King of the Post-Zhou led the Post-Zhou army to crusade the Liao and

Seljuk Empire

Nothern Song Dynasty

924 AD Post-Tang

The Rivers Were Silted Up And The Baiyangdian Lakes Dried Out Baiyangdian, located in the lower reaches of the Tanghe River and the Shahe River which originated in the Taihang Mountains, has been silted up into flat by 1488. According to the Region's annals of Xin’an County, the center of this area has become the horse-racing field.

1517 AD

The Baiyangdian Area Became Lakes Again According to the Comprehensive Geography of the Great Qing Dynasty, the Zhulong River bursted its bank and flowed to the Baiyangdian area, making the Baiyangdian area into lakes again.

1532 AD

Floods Began to Occur Frequently According to the History of the Ming Dynasty, after the Baiyangdian area became a lake again, floods began to occur frequently. In 1532, Xu Yuanzhang, the Ministry of Industry, was ordered to relieve the disaster.

Dablit Bagan

Great Viet

Khmer Empire

69

the center of this area has become the horse-racing field.

1517 AD

The Baiyangdian Area Became Lakes Again

1532 AD

Floods Began to Occur Frequently According to the History of the Ming Dynasty, after the Baiyangdian area became a lake again, floods began to occur frequently. In 1532, Xu Yuanzhang, the Ministry of Industry, was ordered to relieve the disaster.

1540 AD

The Baiyangdian Lakes Has Beautiful Scenery and is Rich in Aquatic Plant, yet there were many floods at that time.

According to the revised Hejian Fuzhi, Baiyangdian has a circumference of 30 kilometers and is rich in aquatic plants and looks very large. There were many poems comparing Baiyangdian with West Lake, Dongting Lake, and Taihu Lake to praise its beauty. However, the dam of Baiyangdian was short and low and there were many floods at that time.

According to the Comprehensive Geography of the Great Qing Grand Duchy Dynasty,of the Zhulong River bursted its bank and flowed to the Baiyangdian area, making the Baiyangdian area into lakes again.

Moscow

Aral Sea

Golden Horde The Qing Dynasty

1636-1912 AD

Baikal Lake

Oirats

Balkhash Lake

1725 AD

Timurid Empire

Ancient Route of Yellow River in 15C AD (Ming & Qing Dynasty)

The Baiyangdian Area Became a Transportation Hub The Baiyangdian dam is very short and not strong enough, so it often breaks, and the flood is serious. In 1725, the Zhulong River burst its bank, and the Baiyangdian dam broke. According to the Annals of Renqiu County, the Qing government built a new dam in 1725, and 11 bridges and a pavilion were built as a hub to connect the north-south land routes and the east-west water routes.

Emishi

Farm Lands In 1726, the Qing government established relevant departments here to opened up farm lands in Anzhou and Renqiu.

1726 AD

Tatars

Shipping Route From Baoding to Tianjin Was Built In 1744, the Qing government rebuilt the existing ancient river channel, introduced the Tanghe water into the Fu River, and opened the shipping route from Baoding to Tianjin (through Baiyangdian).

1744 AD

Moghulistan

Anthropocene [2]

Since 1712

Baotou

Industrial Revolution Crutzen* proposed the Industrial Revolution as the start of Anthropocene.

Lovelock proposes that the Anthropocene began with the first application of the Newcomen atmospheric engine in 1712. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change takes the pre-industrial era (chosen as the year 1750) as the baseline related to changes in long-lived, well mixed greenhouse gases. Although it is apparent that the Industrial Revolution ushered in an unprecedented global human impact on the planet, much of Earth's landscape already had been profoundly modified by human activities. The human impact on Earth has grown progressively, with few substantial slowdowns.

Industrial Revolution

1870-1914

Second Industrial Revolution

Jinan Lanzhou Linxia

The Origin of Yellow River

Grand Duchy of Renqiu Six Sceneries In the middle of Qianlong, Liu Tong, the Moscow magistrate of the Renqiu County, rebuilt the Dam. The economy of Baiyangdian Area has developed and the REPUBLIC OF CHINA

1937-1945 AD

Dongying Taishan

Hancheng

Zhengzhou Sanmenxia Kaifeng Ruicheng Luoyang Songshan

World War I

1914-1918

Anti-Japanese War

Yan’an

Ming Dynasty

natural scenery is more beautiful after those constructions. The emperors built a number of Palaces along Baiyangdian to see the beautiful natural scenery.

1912-1949 AD

Yulin

Xining

*Crutzen, P. J. (2002). “Geology of Mankind”. Nature.

1760-1840

Japan

XIONG’AN

Yinchuan Qingtongxia

Hohhot

19371945 AD

In 1937 AD, the Anti-Japanese War broke out. The Baiyangdian, because of its complicated territory, became an anti-Japanese base. The Yanling Team, led by the Communist Party of China, attacked the 1939-1945 Japanese motorboat and smashed the enemy. In May 1940, during the extremely difficult period of the anti-Japanese War, the Renqiu County Party Committee and the county government transferred to Liu Lizhuang and Hao Zhuang (formerly Renqiu, now belonging to Anxin County, Xiong’An New Area) on the edge of Baiyangdian. In 1945, the Japanese aggressors surrendered, and Baiyangdian returned to the hands of the people.

Since July 16, 1945

World War I

Anthropocene [3] Atomic Age The Anthropological Working Group recommended that the first time humans conduct atomic bomb testing on July 16, 1945 be the beginning of the Anthropocene.

Since 1947 AD

70

PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA After the founding of the People's Republic of China, the party and the government control Baiyangdian comprehensively. The ecology of the Baiyangdian area is getting better, but still faced some problems.

Digital RevolutionBago

Lan Xang

Since 1949 AD 1949 AD

Reeds The area of the reeds field in Baiyangdian Area: 14,000 acre Production: 350,000,000 Kg

71

Anthropocene Atomic Age The Anthropological Working Group recommended that the first time humans conduct atomic bomb testing on July 16, 1945 be the beginning of the Anthropocene.

Since 1947 AD

Digital Revolution Modern Yellow River in 20C AD (Modern CHina)

PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA

Since 1949 AD 1949 AD

After the founding of the People's Republic of China, the party and the government control Baiyangdian comprehensively. The ecology of the Baiyangdian area is getting better, but still faced some problems.

1954.8 AD 1955 AD 1956.8 AD

1962 AD

1963.8 AD

Project: Zaolinzhuang Flood Relief Channel

72

Amount of Fishing and Catching 8.85 million Kg Floods Water Level: 11.30m / 37.073 ft

Reeds The area of the reeds field in Baiyangdian Area: 20,900 acre Production: 700,000,000 Kg Floods Water Level: 11.58m / 38 ft Reeds The area of the reeds field in Baiyangdian Area: 12,850 acre

1965 AD

The Rivers were Silted up and the Transportation Stopped The water ways from Baoding to Baiyangdian and from Baiyangdain to Tianjin stopped.

1965 AD

Project: Zaolinzhuang Hub Project The Zaolinzhuang Hub Project was completed, which increased the flood discharge capacity of Baiyangdian, and to a certain extent, the artificial regulation of the Baiyangdian stagnation flood has been realized.

Project: Daqing River New Building Hub The Daqing River New Building Hub was built in Rongcheng County, which increased the water source of Baiyangdian; However, it also increased the burden of Baiyangdian's flood levitation.

1970 AD

1st Water Transfer Project From 1981 to June 1984, Baiyangdian successively transferred 293 million cubic meters of water from the upstream reservoir. However, due to various consumptions on the way, Baiyangdian only received 0.87 billion cubic meters.

19811984 AD

Yellow River-Baiyangdian Water Transfer Project The fifth Yellow River – Baiyangdian Water Transfer Project started to operate. It lasted for about 83 days, and the water replenishment was about 100 million cubic meters. The water level of Baiyangdian rised by about 80 centimeters.

Floods Water Level: 11.31m / 37.106 ft

1964 AD

1966.1-8 AD

Yuecheng-Baiyangdian Water Transfer Project From February to June 2004, the Ministry of Water Resources and Hebei Province implemented the Yuecheng-Baiyangdian water transfer project, transferring water from the Yuecheng Reservoir, which is more than 400 kilometers away from Baiyangdian. This will help making Baiyangdian increase by 159 million cubic meters.

Reeds The area of the reeds field in Baiyangdian Area: 14,000 acre Production: 350,000,000 Kg

1970 AD

The Baiyangdian Lakes Dried Out Water Level < 6.5m / 21.325ft Amount of Fishing and Catching 2.7 million Kg Artificial fish farming developed gradually since 1970s

Baotou

XIONG’AN

Yinchuan Qingtongxia

1982 AD

1983.71988.8 AD

Reeds The area of the reeds field in Baiyangdian Area: 19,110 acre Production: 44,500,000 Kg

The Baiyangdian Lakes Dried Out Water Level < 6.5m / 21.325ft

2005 AD

The Baiyangdian Lakes Dried Out Water Level < 6.5m / 21.325ft

Yulin

Xining

Jinan Lanzhou

The Baiyangdian Lakes Dried out for Five Consecutive Years Water Level < 6.5m / 21.325ft

2003 AD 2004.2-6 AD

Hohhot

Linxia The Origin of Yellow River

Yan’an

Dongying Taishan

Hancheng

Zhengzhou Sanmenxia Kaifeng Ruicheng Luoyang Songshan

2017.4.1 The Foundation of Xiong’An New Area 2017.11.16 AD Ecological Water Transfer Projects So far, the government has carried out 24 ecological water supplements in Baiyangdian area, including upstream reservoir water transfer and inter-basin water transfer.

73

(Including Haihe River, Yellow River, Huaihe River, Yangtze

Daqing River System and the Upstream Rivers and Water Conservancy Projects of Baiyangdian

River, Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal)

(Water Conservancy Projects: Including Water Locks and Reservoirs)

China River System Map

Luan River System Baotou

Baotou

Hohhot

Haihe River Main Stream System TIANJIN

XIONG’AN

Ziya River System

Yulin

Haihe River System Map

Qingtongxia

East Heilong Harbor System

BEIJING

Daqing River System

Bohai Sea

Yinchuan

Qingtongxia

Beisan River System

Yongding River System

BEIJING

Daqing River System Yinchuan

Hohhot

Beisan River System

Yongding River System

Central Plains River System Map

Luan River System

Dongying

Dongying

Jinan

Zhangwei River System

Yan’an

Bohai Sea

East Heilong Harbor System

Ziya River System

Yulin

Haihe River Main Stream System TIANJIN

XIONG’AN

Jinan

Zhangwei River System

Yan’an Taishan

Hancheng

Taishan

Hancheng

Hohhot Zhengzhou

Zhengzhou Kaifeng

Sanmenxia

Kaifeng Sanmenxia

Seven Major River Systems Friendship of Haihe River Basin Luoyang

Songshan

Distribution of Water Conservancy Project in Haihe River Basin

Reservoir

Songshan

Luoyang

Ruicheng

Ruicheng

Guanting Reservoir

BEIJING Hongze Lake

Yellow River Basin Map

Hongze Lake

Huaihe River Map North Juma River

Mid-Yi River Angezhuang Reservoir Longmen Reservoir

Ancient Lake

XIONG’AN

Jie River Sha River

Baiyangdian Wetlands

Yongding River

TIANJIN Daqing River

Haihe River Wen’An Ancient Lake

West Dayang Reservoir Hengshanling Reservoir

Koutou Reservoir Da Sha River

Gangnan Reservoir

Yangtze River Map

Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal System Map

Huangbizhuang Reservoir

Ancient Lake

Guouzhuang Reservoir

Distribution of Water Conservancy Project (Important Reservoir and Dam) in Haihe River Basin Dongying 74

75 Jinan

mount

Wetlands area(℉) 53.9 56.2 77.9 54.5 26.9

Surrounding Area (℉) 54.1 56.5 78.3 54.7 27.3

Wetland area(℃) 12.2 13.4 25.5 12.5 -2.8

Relugar Year (mm) Extrem Dry Year (mm)

Temperature Change and Comparison Temperature Change and Comparison in in Baiyangdian Baiyangdian AreaArea

A design proposal for future urban Waterscapes

77.9

图表标题

56.2

2000

45

1475

1500

1190

1000

724

35 25

500 0 -500 -1000

10108

911

1735 1082

54.7

54.5 1522 1014 734

26.9

12000

10108

8000

687

338 Summer Fall Winter 153 Spring 242 446 423 Seasons 117 Wetlands Surrounding Area (℉) Jan Feb Mararea(℉) Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct -556 -535 -768

374 233

151

Nov

Dec

6890

2368

3218

2000 0

60

Annual Evaporation

Annual Infiltration Smallest Amount

Annual Demand of Water

Ideal Amount

Jun

141.8

Jul

Aug

Sep

28.83 9.83 0.3 Jan.

30.19

18.25

16.55 15.22 2.6 0.4 1.81 Feb Mar Apr May

40

31.7

27.93

26.48

20

10.61

Jul

Aug

7.42 Oct Nov

Sep

0

12.71 0 Dec

10.61 Jun

57.26

60

55.07

2

Oct Nov Dec Total 10.61 10.61 12.71 357.37 58.7 40.2 18.2 937.6

Species Bank (Alphabet)

33

28.83

15.8 0.3 Jan

2 Feb

88.2

72.5

Citizen Fitness

Phrases

Country Run & Walking Trails

27.93

15.22

Apr

May

10.61 Jun

Jul

Precipitation （mm）

Transportation

40.2

2.6 Mar

Walking System

58.7

57.26

Aug

Sep

18.2 10.61 12.71

Oct

Nov

Dec

Evaporation (mm)

Gene Bank

Sentences

Bike Routes & Parking

Paragraphs

Car Parking & Charging

Waterscape

Months Relugar Year (mm)

Basic-Scale Linear (Vocabulary) Parks

132.04 104.9

85.8

80

57.26

57.26

40

0

142.8

135.7

120

Infrastructure

Cycling System

Extrem Dry Year (mm)

Monthly and Annual Demand of Water in Baiyangdian Area (104 Month Smallest Amount Ideal Amount m3) Jan 117 153

6620

4252

160

111.34

100

-794

10000

May

Monthly Precipitation and Evaporation in Baiyangdian Area in Regular Year

132.04

80

233

10108

4000

May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Total 15.22 57.26 57.26 132.04 27.93 10.61 10.61 12.71 357.37 18.25 26.48 55.07 111.34 30.19 31.7 7.42 309.04 Jan Feb 0 Mar Apr

140

Annual Evaporation andIdealInfiltration in Smallest Amount Amount Baiyangdian Area (104 m3)

6000

28.83 16.55

100

20

27.3

图表标题 Ideal Amount 6890 3218

2.6 1.81

120

56.5

55

2 0.4

140

Precipitation (mm)

65

0.3 9.83

Precipitation （mm） 0.3Precipitation 2 2.6 28.83 15.22 57.26 132.04 27.93 Monthly Precipitation in Baiyangdian Area Monthly15.8 and57.26 Evaporation Evaporation (mm) 33 85.8 135.7 142.8 141.8 104.9 88.2 72.5 in Baiyangdian Area in Regular Year Monthly Precipitation in Baiyangdian Area

78.3 75

Ideal Amount 153 338 1190 1475 1735 1522 -768 -794 734 687 374 233 6890 3218

Design Proposal

Surrounding Area (℃) 12.3 13.6 25.7 12.6 -2.6 Mar Jan. Feb Apr

Temperature, precipitation,evaporation, etc.

The following charts are based on data from the meteorological department.

Temeperature

mount

Local Climate

Annual Average Spring Summer Fall Winter

Feb 242 Month Smallest Amount Mar Jan 724117 Apr Feb 911242 May Mar 1082724 Jun Apr 1014911 Jul May -5561082 Jun 1014 Aug Jul -535-556 Sep Aug 446-535 Oct Sep 423446 Oct Nov Nov 233423 233 Dec Dec 151151 Annual Evaporation Annual Evaporation 42524252 Annual Infiltration Annual Infiltration 23682368 Annual Demand of 6620 Annual Demand of Water 6620 Water

338

Ideal Amount 1190 153 1475 338 1190 1735 1475 1522 1735 -768 1522 -794 -768 -794 734 734 687 687 374 374 233 233 6890 6890 3218 3218

Monthly and Annual Demand of Water in Baiyangdian Area (104 m3)

E-Transportation System

Energy Supply

Solar-Energy

图表标题 2000

1735

图表标题 1522 1475 1190 1735 1082 1014 1475 911 1522 1190 724 1082

1500 2000 1500 1000 1000

500

500 0

0

-500 -500

153 117 Jan

153338

117242 Jan

Feb

724 338

Articles

734

1014

911

734

Mar

446

Mar Apr

Apr

May

May

Jun Jul -556

Smallest Amount

10108

423

446 233 423

233

Jun Jul Aug Sep Aug Sep Oct Nov -556 -535 -535 -794-768

-768

-1000 -1000

151

Oct

Dec

Bio-Electric

Education & Science Bio-Energy

233

233

151

Nov

Dec

Microbial degradation

Waste-to Energy

Bio-Gas

-794

Ideal Amount

Smallest Amount

10108

374

687 374

242 Feb

Research

687

Ideal Amount

图表标题

Baiyangdian Wetland Species List

Smallest Amount Annual Evaporation 4252 Smallest Amount Annual Infiltration 2368 Annual Demand of Annual Evaporation 42526620 Water Annual Infiltration 2368

Incomplete statistics by September 2018

PLANT Terrestrial Plant Woody plants Populus L. (Aspen) Salix sp. (Willow) Robinia pseudoacacia Linn.

Malus domestica (Apple) Herbaceous plant Compositae Leguminosae Crop Triticum aestivum L. (Wheat) Zea mays Linn. (Corn) Oryza sativa (Paddy) Sorghum Glycine max (Soybean)

Annual Demand of Water

ANIMAL

6620

Zooplankton (26 species) Cladocera Leptodora lilljeborg D. brachyurum D.cucullata D. pulex D. hyalina Ceriodaphnia laticaudata Somocephalus vetulus Bosmina longirostris B. coregoni B. longirostris Moina micrura M. macroopa Pleuroxus laevis Chiyorus sphaericus C. ovalis Alona costata A. rectangula A. guttata A. rectangula A. quadrangularis

Aquatic Plant Emergent Plant Phragmites communis (Reed) Typha orientalis Presl (Cattail) Typha angustifolia (calamus) Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn. (Lotus) Floating-leaved macrophyte (7 species) Floating plant (4 species) Submerged plant (15 species)

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Copepods Sinodiaptomus sarsi S, dorrii Thermocyclops taihokuensis T. kawamarai T. mongolicus Sinodiaptomus sarsi S, dorrii Thermocyclops taihokuensis T. kawamarai T. mongolicus Macrocyclops albidus

Ideal Amount 6890 Ideal 3218 Amount

6890 10108 3218

10108

图表标题

12000

10108

10000 12000 8000

6890

10000

6000

8000

4000

4252

Development

6890

2368

6620

3218

6000 M.2000 leuckarti Bagridae 4252 0 3218 Cyclops strenuus 4000 2368 Annual Evaporation Annual Infiltration Annual Pelteibagrus Demand of Water C. vicinus 2000 Smallest Amount Ideal Amount Eucyclops serrulatus 0 E. macruroides Siluridae Annual Evaporation Annual Infiltration Annual Demand of Water E. speratus Smallest Amount Ideal Amount Silurus Cyclops vicinus lobosus Onychocamptsc sp.

Synbranchiformes

Rotifers K. cochlearis Keratella valga Brachionus angularis Colurella uncinata Fish (54 species) Cypriniformes Cyprinidae Erythroculter Culterinae Carassius Aristichthys Ctenopharyngodon Cyprinus Hypophthalmichthys Pseudorasbora Megalobrama Opsarius Abbottina Rhodeus Acheilognathus Cobitidae Misgurnus Paramisgurnus

Economy

10108

6620

Synbranchidae Monopterus Perciformes Eleotridae Hypseleotris Osphronemidae Macropodus Mastacembelidae Mastacembelus Gobiidae Ctenogobius Cyprinodontiformes Cyprinodontidae Oryzias Amphibians and reptiles 3 species Birds 192 species ETC.

A

B A can be assembled into B Coorperation Belong

1, A cross-scale water-scape system.

Develop a cross-scale urban waterscape system. Avoid single-scale landscapes, avoid weak penetration of over-scale landscapes, and ensure good interaction between landscapes and citizens at all scales. A complete and perfect cross-scale waterscape system should have a healthy network from the smallest scale of landscape units, such as tree pools, parking units, to large-scale landscape units, such as urban wetland parks. A minimum-scale landscape unit should be like a building block that can be assembled into larger-scale landscape units.

Therefore, Elements of the landscape units (e.g. animals, plants, microbes, soil, etc.) - Alphabets Basic scale landscape units (e.g. tree pool, parking space) - vocabulary Small-scale landscape units - phrases Large-scale landscape units - sentences Larger-scale landscape units - paragraphs City-scale landscape - article 2, The water-scape as a self-sustaining balance system Avoid unnecessary manual intervention in the later maintenance process; avoid wastes of biological and non-biological resources; improve the natural attributes of the waterscape units. Design and develop a basic-scale landscape unit that can ecologically self-sustain. Therefore, larger-scale landscape units assembled from the smallest-scale landscape units can have greater selfsustaining capabilities.

3, The organic combination of landscape and infrastructure Develop infra-waterscape. These waterscapes are capable of providing some production of the landscape unit for the corresponding function of the infrastructure or digesting the excrement produced of the infrastructure.

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Design

Research

COMMUNITY LIBRARY

MAPPING & SURVEY

Academic Project Academic: 2015 Spring Individual Work

Academic Project Academic: 2015 Spring Team Work Leader Team Leader

PRIMARY & JUNIOR SCHOOL CAMPUS

STUDY ON THE SPATIAL TYPOLOGY OF GUSU ANCIENT CITY BLOCK

Internship Project 2016 Summer Team Work

Graduation Thesis Academic: 2017 Spring Team Work, Leader

Other Projects

INTERRUPTED DREAMS IN THE GARDEN Architectural Design of Fengbei Yicang Block in Suzhou Ancient City Graduation Project 2017 Spring Team Work Team Leader

DISTRIBUTION OF MOBIKES IN HEFEI Academic Project 2017 Winter Individual Work <1010-2020-50 50-100 100-200

<5 5-10 10-25 25-50

50-100

>200

>100

More on the Link: https://issuu.com/ bingyuzeng/docs/distribution_of_ mobikes_in_hefei 78

79

Photographs and Paintings

Hua Bridge, Hongcun Village

Water Street, Pingshan Village

80

SHU's Qingyu Ancestral Hall, Pingshan Village

Hui Style Patio, Pingshan Village

Bubudenggao Alley, Nanping Village

SHU's Qingyu Ancestral Hall, Pingshan Village

81