172 KEY TERMS AND IDEAS

1. Test your vocabulary for this chapter by matching each term to its correct definition.

Acheulean tools

Broca's area

cultural evolution

Mousterian tools

Oldowan tools

valgus angle

Wernicke's area A Area of the brain that allows the processing and comprehension of speech patterns.

B The carrying angle of the femur to the knee, which in humans and their ancestors brings the knee under the centre of gravity.

C A tool type sometimes referred to as pebble tools and associated with Homo habilis.

D Tear drop shaped stone tools associated with Homo erectus and archaic Homo sapiens.

E Advanced tool type associated with Neanderthals. Made by striking a flake and retouching one side of it (the Levallois method).

F The change over time in accumulation of knowledge, rules, standards, skills, and mental abilities that humans use to survive.

G Area of the brain that allows for the production of speech sounds by controlling the jaw, tongue, lips, and vocal cords.

2. Identify the following tools as Oldowan, Acheulean, Mousterian, or Upper Palaeolithic:

(a) A:

(b) B: (c) C:

(d) D:

3. Homo erectus is believed to be the first user of fire. Describe the benefit the use of fire would have had for them:

4. Homo sapiens societies changed from being hunter-gatherer societies to agricultural societies about 10,000 BC.

The development of agricultural skills brought many advantages to Homo sapiens, but there were disadvantages too.

Describe one advantage and one disadvantage of developing an agricultural society: