F RI E N D S of A R U N D E L C A T H E D R A L
C O R N E RS T O N E Wi nt er 2 0 1 7
P h ot os c o urt esy of T a bit h a H a w ki ns
T H E WI N D O W O F T H E R O Y A L S AI N T S T h e fr o nt c o v er s h o ws St H e nr y, H ol y R o m a n E m p er or ( 9 7 3 – 1 0 2 4) wit h his wif e St C o n e g u n d a. S o n of H e nr y t h e Q u arr els o m e ( w h at s ort of c hil d h o o d m ust t h at h a v e b e e n!), E m p er or H e nr y’s gr e at p oliti c al a c hi e v e m e nt w as t h e u nifi c ati o n of t h e G er m a n e m pir e. D u k e H e nr y h a d p arti c ul ar r es p e ct f or hi m, p er h a ps as a f ell o w c h ur c h b uil d er, a n d er e ct e d t h e st at u e of hi m o n t h e c or n er of M altr a v ers Str e et a n d P ars o n’s Hill. T h e E m p er or’s wif e St C o n e g u n d a e n c o ur a g e d h er h us b a n d i n his b e n ef a cti o ns, a n d aft er his d e at h b e c a m e a B e n e di cti n e n u n.
D e a r F ri e n d s T his is t h e t w e nti et h iss u e of C or n erst o n e i n its c urr e nt f or m at; a n i n d e x of p ast s u bj e cts is gi v e n at t h e b a c k. As us u al o ur ai m is t o hi g hli g ht as p e cts of t h e C at h e dr al’s ar c hit e ct ur e a n d d e c or ati o n t h at mi g ht n ot r e c ei v e att e nti o n, a n d t his ti m e w e f o c us o n a si n gl e st ai n e d- gl ass wi n d o w, t h e Wi n d o w of t h e R o y al S ai nts, o n t h e w est w all of t h e n ort h tr a ns e pt. O v er o n e h u n dr e d i d e nti fi a bl e s ai nts ar e pi ct ur e d i n t h e C at h e dr al wi n d o ws, as w ell as t h e m a n y h ol y m e n a n d w o m e n f e at ur e d i n t h e c ar v e d r o u n d els a b o v e. O n e c a n i m a gi n e D u k e H e nr y i n t h e pr o c ess of s el e cti n g w hi c h s ai nts s h o ul d b e i n cl u d e d, c o ns ulti n g p er h a ps wit h his m e nt or J o h n H e nr y N e w m a n, or t h e f a mil y c h a pl ai n Fr F a b er. H e nr y’s ar c hit e ct J os e p h H a ns o m, hi ms elf a C at h oli c, w o ul d h a v e h a d vi e ws, a n d t h e el d erl y ar c hit e ct a n d his y o u n g cli e nt m ust als o h a v e b e e n a d vis e d b y t h eir c hi ef st ai n e d- gl ass d esi g n er J o h n H ar d m a n P o w ell. S o m e c h oi c es ar e pr e di ct a bl e: St P hili p N eri, first p atr o n s ai nt of t h e C at h e dr al, a b o v e his o w n alt ar, a n d St Wilfri d, p atr o n s ai nt of S uss e x, a b o v e his. B ut o n e w o n d ers h o w St J o h n t h e D w arf, f or e x a m pl e, p atr o n s ai nt of b as k et- m a k ers, or St R os e of Li m a, p atr o n s ai nt of g ar d e n ers, c a m e t o b e i n cl u d e d. T h e R o y al S ai nts w o ul d h a v e h a d a p arti c ul ar r es o n a n c e f or D u k e H e nr y, c o ns ci o us of t h e r es p o nsi biliti es of his o w n st ati o n, a n d d o u btl ess i ns pir e d b y i n di vi d u als w h o h a d b e e n a bl e t o c o m bi n e hi g h of fi c e wit h p ers o n al s a n ctit y. Wit h v er y b est wis h es t o all Fri e n ds f or C hrist m as a n d t h e c o mi n g y e ar. Oli v e r H a w ki n s E dit or
O n t h e l eft St F er di n a n d ( 1 1 9 8 – 1 2 5 2), Ki n g of C astil e. His pri nci p al ac hi ev e m e nt w as t h e r ec ov ery of A n d al usi a fr o m t h e M o ors a n d t h e r est or ati o n of t h e C at h e dr al of S a nti a g o d e C o m p ost el a. H avi n g d ef e at e d t h e M o ors h e t h e n tr e at e d t h e m, a n d t h e J e wis h p o p ul ati o n, wit h t ol er a nc e. His d a u g ht er El e a n or w as t o b ec o m e t h e wif e of Ki n g E d w ar d I of E n gl a n d. I n t h e c e ntr e St Eric, Ki n g of S w e d e n ( d 1 1 6 0). Acc or di n g t o t h e a d mitt e dly u nr eli a bl e l e g e n d Eric r e pr es e nt e d t h e i d e al of a pi o us a n d j ust r ul er, w h o s u p p ort e d t h os e w h o w er e o p pr ess e d by t h e mi g hty, a n d e x p ell e d t h e u nj ust fr o m his ki n g d o m. H e w as kill e d by t h e riv al D a nis h pri nc e M a g n us, w h o att ac k e d hi m as h e c a m e o ut fr o m att e n di n g m ass. O n t h e ri g ht St E d m u n d, Ki n g of E ast A n gli a ( 8 4 1- 8 7 0). Br o u g ht u p a C hristi a n, E d m u n d l e d his tr o u ps a g ai nst t h e Gr e at Ar my of t h e Vi ki n gs a n d w as d ef e at e d. I n c a ptivity i n N orf ol k h e r ef us e d t o r e n o u nc e his f ait h, a n d w as m artyr e d. Ov er t h e y e ars his b o dy w as tr a nsf err e d t o a n u m b er of diff er e nt s hri n es, i ncl u di n g of c o urs e B ury- St- E d m u n ds, w hil e his c ult d ev el o p e d. His r e m ai ns w er e i n d u e c o urs e r e m ov e d t o T o ul o us e, a n d l at er r et ur n e d t o E n gl a n d a n d i nt o t h e c ar e of t h e Fit z al a n C h a p el. R ec e nt f or e nsic a n alysis h as i n dic at e d t h at t h e b o n es i n q u esti o n b el o n g e d t o el ev e n diff er e nt, al b eit h u m a n, b o di es.
A r at h er s e v er e St Ali c e ( 9 3 1 – 9 9 9), h er n a m e i n di c at e d o n t h e or b s h e is h ol di n g. At si xt e e n s h e w as m arri e d t o L ot h air e, Ki n g of t h e R o m a ns, w h os e d e at h i n 9 4 9 l eft h er a y o u n g wi d o w. ‘ T h e affli cti o ns wit h w hi c h s h e w as visit e d c o ntri b ut e d p erf e ctl y t o dis e n g a g e h er h e art fr o m t h e w orl d, a n d m a k e h er d e v ot e h ers elf t o t h e pr a cti c e of pi et y, w hi c h h a d b e e n fr o m h er i nf a n c y t h e r uli n g i n cli n ati o n of h er h e art’. S h e s u bs e q u e ntl y m arri e d E m p er or Ot h o I, a n d ‘ m a d e us e b ot h of h er ri c h es a n d p o w er o nl y t o d o g o o d t o all m e n, es p e ci all y t o pr ot e ct, c o mf ort, a n d r eli e v e all t h at w er e i n distr ess’. Al o n gsi d e h er St M a u d, E m pr ess of G er m a n y ( d 9 6 8), wif e of Ki n g Ott o, S h e w as n ot e d f or h er pi et y a n d c h arit a bl e w or ks, i n di c at e d b y h er h ol di n g a p urs e a n d off eri n g a c oi n. S h e w as wi d o w e d i n t h e y e ar 9 3 6 a n d w as s u bs e q u e ntl y i n v ol v e d i n t h e ri v al cl ai ms of h er t w o s o ns Ott o a n d H e nr y t o t h eir f at h er’s t hr o n e. W h e n H e nr y di e d i n 9 5 5 s h e d e v ot e d h ers elf t o b uil di n g t hr e e c o n v e nts a n d a m o n ast er y, w as l eft i n c h ar g e of t h e ki n g d o m w h e n Ott o w e nt t o R o m e i n 9 6 2 t o b e cr o w n e d E m p er or ( oft e n r e g ar d e d as t h e b e gi n ni n g of t h e H ol y R o m a n E m pir e), a n d s p e nt m ost of t h e d e cli ni n g y e ars of h er lif e at t h e c o n v e nt at N or d h a us e n s h e h a d b uilt.
O n t h e l eft St Os w al d, Ki n g of N ort h u m bri a ( d 6 4 2) A n gl o- S a x o n h er o a n d C hristi a n s ai nt, w h o b e c a m e a C hristi a n o n t h e isl a n d of I o n a, H e d ef e at e d t h e tyr a nt C a d w all a at H e x h a m, br o u g ht i n Bis h o p Ai d a n t o pr e a c h t o his p e o pl e, a n d g av e hi m t h e isl a n d of Li n disf ar n e f or his m o n ast ery. St Et h el b ert Ki n g of K e nt, ( 5 6 0 – 6 1 6), a b ov e, t h e first C hristi a n A n gl o- S a x o n ki n g. T hr o u g h his C hristi a n wif e B ert h a h e h a d w el c o m e d St A u g usti n e t o his ki n g d o m a n d w e nt o n t o pr ovi d e s u p p ort f or hi m, est a blis hi n g s e es at R o c h est er a n d i n L o n d o n. B el o w c e ntr e, St Ol av e, Ki n g of N or w ay a n d t h at c o u ntry’s p atr o n s ai nt, w h o w as kill e d i n b attl e i n 1 0 3 0 by his o w n p a g a n s u bj e cts. Alt h o u g h h e w as k n o w n t o b e j ust a n d br o u g ht a d e gr e e of p e a c e a n d pr os p erity t o t h e c o u ntry, his s ev erity i n e n c o ur a gi n g c o nv ersi o ns l e d his p e o pl e t o r e b el, r es ulti n g i n his e xil e a n d s u bs e q u e nt d e at h fi g hti n g t o r e g ai n his cr o w n. T h e n St H ar ol d, s pl e n di dly b e ar d e d, Ki n g of D e n m ar k, ( d 9 8 0) a z e al o us C hristi a n at a ti m e w h e n C hristi a nity i n D e n m ar k w as u n d er c o nst a nt att a c k. His f at h er Ki n g Fr o nt o h a d b e e n a p ers e c ut or of C hristi a ns u ntil h e hi ms elf w as c o nv ert e d, aft er m arryi n g a n E n glis h pri n c ess. H ar ol d w as kill e d d uri n g a n u prisi n g l e d by his o w n s o n S w ei n, w h o h a d stirr e d u p t h e p e o pl e t o d e m a n d t h e r est or ati o n of t h eir o w n i d ols, a n d t h e a n ci e nt li b erty t o pl u n d er t h eir n ei g h b o urs.
P ulc h eri a, a b ov e l eft, E m pr ess of t h e E ast ( 3 9 9 – 4 5 3) w as t h e d a u g ht er of E ast er n R o m a n E m p er or Arc a di us a n d E m pr ess E u d o xi a. I n 4 1 5, t h e fift e e n-y e ar ol d P ulc h eri a t o o k ov er t h e r ei ns of g ov er n m e nt as t h e g u ar di a n of h er y o u n g er br ot h er T h e o d osi us, a n d s h e c o nti n u e d t o h av e si g ni fic a nt p o w ers d uri n g h er br ot h er’s r ei g n, gr e atly i n fl u e nci n g t h e C hristi a n C h urc h a n d its t h e ol o gic al d ev el o p m e nt by g ui di n g t w o i m p ort a nt ec u m e nic al c o u ncils, t h os e of E p h es us a n d C h alc e d o n. Cl otil d e, ri g ht, Q u e e n of Fr a nc e ( 4 7 5 – 5 4 5) w as t h e s ec o n d wif e of t h e Fr a n kis h ki n g Cl ovis I, a n d w as i nstr u m e nt al i n h er h us b a n d’s f a m o us c o nv ersi o n t o C at h olicis m. I n h er l at er y e ars, dist a nci n g h ers elf fr o m t h e p olitic al i ntri g u es of h er s o ns a n d gr a n ds o ns, s h e w as k n o w n f or h er al ms givi n g a n d p e nit e nti al w or ks of m ercy. St e p h e n first Ki n g of H u n g ary ( 9 7 5 – 1 0 3 8), b el o w l eft. H u n g ary e nj oy e d a l asti n g p eri o d of p e ac e d uri n g his r ei g n, a n d b ec a m e a pr ef err e d r o ut e f or pil gri ms a n d m erc h a nts tr av elli n g b et w e e n W est er n E ur o p e a n d t h e H oly L a n d a n d C o nst a nti n o pl e. St e p h e n est a blis h e d n u m er o us bis h o prics a n d t hr e e B e n e dicti n e m o n ast eri es. Wit h hi m is L uci us, Ki n g of E n gl a n d, h ol di n g t h e b a n n er of S ai nt G e or g e.. A n ot h er of t h os e s ai nts f or w h o m littl e if a ny hist oric al evi d e nc e e xists, L uci us w as s u p p os e dly a s ec o n d-c e nt ury ki n g of t h e Brit o ns, tr a diti o n ally cr e dit e d wit h i ntr o d uci n g C hristi a nity i nt o Brit ai n. H e w as first m e nti o n e d i n a si xt h-c e nt ury t e xt, a n d t h e st ory b ec a m e wi d es pr e a d aft er it w as r e p e at e d i n t h e ei g ht h c e nt ury by t h e V e n er a bl e B e d e.
St M ar g ar et, wif e of Ki n g of S c otl a n d ( 1 0 4 5 – 1 0 9 3), s h o w n h ol di n g a fl o w er, w as a n E n glis h pri n c ess of t h e H o us e of W ess e x. M ar g ar et a n d h er f a mily fl e d t o S c otl a n d f oll o wi n g t h e N or m a n C o n q u est i n 1 0 6 6. I n 1 0 7 0 s h e m arri e d Ki n g M al c ol m III, b e c o mi n g Q u e e n of S c ots. A m o n g m a ny c h arit a bl e w or ks s h e est a blis h e d a f erry a cr oss t h e Firt h of F ort h f or pil gri ms tr av elli n g t o St A n dr e ws i n Fif e. O n t h e ri g ht is St Eli z a b et h of P ort u g al ( 1 2 7 1 – 1 3 3 6), fr o m t h e r oy al h o us e of Ar a g o n, gr e at- ni e c e of St Eli z a b et h of H u n g ary, m arri e d t o Ki n g D e nis of P ort u g al. D uri n g his lif eti m e s h e w as k n o w n as a s kill e d p oliti c al ar bitr at or a n d eff e ctiv e p e a c e m a k er, i n cl u di n g o n o n e o c c asi o n pr ev e nti n g h er h us b a n d fr o m killi n g his o w n r e b elli o us s o n. B el o w h er is St Eli z a b et h of H u n g ary ( 1 2 0 7 – 1 2 3 1). As wif e of t h e L a n d gr av e of T h uri n gi a Eli z a b et h s p e nt g e n er o usly o n al ms givi n g, f o u n di n g h os pit als a n d pr ovi di n g f or or p h a ns. S h e is s h o w n wit h t h e r os es t h at a p p e ar e d mir a c ul o usly w h e n s h e w as q u esti o n e d by h er h us b a n d a b o ut w h at s h e w as t a ki n g fr o m t h e c astl e. F oll o wi n g his d e at h o n a cr us a d e Eli z a b et h g av e u p h er c o mf ort a bl e h o m e lif e a n d b e c a m e a Fr a n cis c a n t erti ary, e n d uri n g h ars h tr e at m e nt a n d m e ni al t as ks f or t hr e e y e ars b ef or e dyi n g at t h e a g e of t w e nty f o ur.
St L o uis, Ki n g of Fr a n c e ( 1 2 1 4 – 1 2 7 0), s o n of Bl a n c h e of C astill e, s h o w n wit h a cr o w n of t h or ns o n his br e ast pl at e, i n r ef er e n c e t o t h e s u p p os e dl y ori gi n al r eli c h el d i n t h e S ai nt e C h a p ell e c h ur c h, w hi c h L o uis hi ms elf h a d b uilt i n P aris. L o uis w as r e g ar d e d as t h e m o d el C hristi a n ki n g, pr o mi n e nt i n al ms gi vi n g, i m p arti al i n j usti c e, a n d fri e n d of s u c h s c h ol ars as T h o m as A q ui n as. D uri n g t h e s e c o n d of t w o dis astr o us cr us a d es t o t h e H ol y L a n d L o uis di e d of t y p h oi d f e v er. Wit h L o uis is St C a n ut e, Ki n g of t h e N ort h S e a E m pir e of D e n m ar k, E n gl a n d a n d N or w a y ( d 1 0 8 6). H e str e n gt h e n e d C hristi a nit y i n D e n m ar k, pr ot e cti n g t h e cl er g y a n d e x a cti n g t h e p a y m e nt of tit h es. Aft er t w o u ns u c c essf ul i n v asi o ns of N or m a n E n gl a n d h e w as kill e d, k n e eli n g i n fr o nt of t h e alt ar, b y his o w n r e b elli o us s u bj e cts. N o r ef er e n c e is m a d e i n t h e wi n d o w t o t h e t w elft h c e nt ur y a c c o u nt of C a n ut e o n t h e s e as h or e, d e m o nstr ati n g t o his fl att eri n g c o urti ers t h e v a nit y of h u m a n p o w er.
St Ri c h ar d, Pri n c e of W est S a x o ns ( d 7 2 0, a n d n ot t o b e c o nf us e d wit h t h e l at er St Ri c h ar d of C hi c h est er), s h o w n c arryi n g a pil gri m’s st aff a n d fl as k. Ri c h ar d l eft his h o m e i n H a m ps hir e t o tr av el t o t h e H oly L a n d, b ut di e d i n L u c c a. A f a m o us a c c o u nt of t h e pil gri m a g e o n w hi c h h e di e d w as writt e n by t h e A n gl o- S a x o n n u n H u g e b ur c, c o ntri b uti n g t o his p o p ul arity as a n E n glis h s ai nt. Wit h hi m is St E d w ar d t h e C o nf ess or, Ki n g of E n gl a n d ( 1 0 0 3 – 1 0 6 6), s o n of Et h elr e d t h e U nr e a dy. F o u n d er of W est mi nst er A b b ey, E d w ar d str e n gt h e n e d t h e li n ks b et w e e n t h e C h ur c h i n E n gl a n d a n d t h e P a p a cy. H e is pi ct ur e d h ol di n g a ri n g, i n r ef er e n c e t o t h e l e g e n d of his givi n g a ri n g t o a b e g g ar i n W est mi nst er, w hi c h w as f o u n d y e ars l at er by pil gri ms i n t h e H oly L a n d, i n t h e p oss essi o n of a n ol d m a n cl ai mi n g t o b e t h e A p ostl e J o h n. F oll o wi n g t h e N or m a n c o n q u est E d w ar d w as r ev er e d by N or m a ns a n d A n gl o- S a x o ns ali k e.
C OR NERS T O NEI N DE X 1 – S u m m er 2 0 0 7 – S c ul pt ur e i n t h e C at h e dr al 2 – Wi nt er 2 0 0 7/ 8 – T h e C ar p et of Fl o w ers 3 – S u m m er 2 0 0 8 – St ai n e d gl ass a n g els 4 – Wi nt er 2 0 0 8/ 9 – C at h e dr al m ai nt e n a n c e 5 – S u m m er 2 0 0 9 – St P hili p N eri 6 – Wi nt er 2 0 0 9/ 1 0 – N ort h Tr a ns e pt wi n d o w 7 – S u m m er 2 0 1 0 – C at h e dr al tr e as ur es 8 – Wi nt er 2 0 1 0/ 1 1 – T h e S pir e t h at n e v er w as 9 - A ut u m n 2 0 1 1 – C at h e dr al v est m e nts 1 0 – S pri n g 2 0 1 2 – C at h e dr al m usi c 1 1 – A ut u m n 2 0 1 2 – C at h e dr al ar c hit e ct ur e 1 2 – S pri n g 2 0 1 3 – T h e c e m et er y 1 3 – Wi nt er 2 0 1 3 – T h e St Wilfri d Alt ar 1 4 – S pri n g 2 0 1 4 – C o ats of Ar ms i n t h e C at h e dr al 1 5 – A ut u m n 2 0 1 4 – T h e C at h e dr al ar c hi v e 1 6 – Wi nt er 2 0 1 5 – T h e D er w e nt H all wi n d o ws 1 7 – S pri n g 2 0 1 5 - Vi e ws fr o m t h e r o of 1 8 – S u m m er 2 0 1 6 – T h e C ar p et of Fl o w ers; Pr o v ost T o n y 1 9 – S pri n g 2 0 1 7 – H e nr y X V D u k e of N orf ol k 2 0 – Wi nt er 2 0 1 7 – T h e Wi n d o w of t h e R o y al S ai nts
W h al e
B a c k c o pi es of m ost of t h es e iss u es ar e a v ail a bl e fr o m t h e Fri e n ds Of fi c e at t h e C at h e dr al, b y r e q u est t o t h e A d mi nistr at or, Li n ds e y Str atf or d.
St K e n el m, Ki n g of M er ci a ( b 8 1 2) a n A n gl o – S a x o n s ai nt v e n er at e d t hr o u g h o ut m e di e v al E n gl a n d, a n d m e nti o n e d i n C h a u c er’s C a nt er b ur y T al es. I n l e g e n d, St K e n el m w as a m e m b er of t h e r o y al f a mil y of M er ci a, a b o y ki n g a n d m art yr, m ur d er e d b y a n a m biti o us r el ati v e. His b o d y w as dis c o v er e d a n d t a k e n b y m o n ks t o Wi n c h c o m b e, w hi c h b e c a m e a p o p ul ar s hri n e. Ot h er t h a n his r o y al c o n n e cti o n it is h ar d t o s e e w h at i n his s h ort lif e g a v e ris e t o s u c h a f oll o wi n g, b ut D u k e H e nr y w as d o u btl ess h o n o uri n g t h e tr a diti o n r at h er t h a n t h e hist ori c al r e alit y.
T h e Fri e n ds of Ar u n d el C at h e dr al r e gist er e d as a c o m p a n y Li mit e d b y g u ar a nt e e a n d n ot h a vi n g a s h ar e c a pit al ( N o 3 7 9 2 8 3 4) R e gist er e d C h arit y N o 1 0 7 8 1 4 9 T h e Fri e n ds’ Of i c e, C at h e dr al H o us e, P ars o ns Hill, Ar u n d el, W est S uss e x B N 1 8 9 A Y T el e p h o n e: 0 1 9 0 3 8 8 4 5 6 7, E m ail: ar u n c at hfri e n ds @ bt c o n n e ct. c o m