Das Prisma der Ordnung
Vincent Zhou, 2024
MARC6000 Thesis Portfolio
2024
Introduction
The thesis delves into the architectural theory underlying the design of the new Swiss embassy in Nusantara, the new capital of Indonesia. This study aims to explore how architecture can serve as a cultural mediator, creating a space that embodies quintessential Swiss values while simultaneously embracing the local Indonesian climate and cultural context. Through a sensitive and deliberate architectural approach, the design seeks to reflect a fusion of Swiss architectural identity, known for its simplicity, precision, and functionality, with the dynamic and vibrant cultural elements of Indonesia. In this way, the embassy does more than fulfill its conventional role as a diplomatic office, it becomes a symbol of cultural integration, mutual respect, and bilateral understanding between the two nations.
Beyond its functional and symbolic roles, the embassy is designed to act as a dynamic platform for cultural exchange and public engagement. The envisioned spaces within the embassy will host a diverse array of cultural celebrations, art exhibitions, academic forums, and social events, all aimed at strengthening the cultural ties and promoting dialogue between the two nations. These activities are strategically incorporated into the architectural layout, with flexible multi-use areas designed to accommodate a variety of events and exhibitions. By fostering an environment of openness and exchange, the embassy aims to become a cultural bridge, inviting both Swiss and Indonesian communities to share their unique traditions, art, and knowledge.
This thesis ultimately argues that the architectural expression of the Swiss embassy in Nusantara is not merely a physical manifestation of diplomatic presence but a profound cultural statement. The building’s design represents a harmonious blend of Swiss precision and Indonesian vibrancy, where every architectural element speaks to the values of inclusivity, and mutual understanding. Therefore, the embassy is poised to become a landmark of bilateral cooperation, a testament to the enduring relationship between Switzerland and Indonesia, and a catalyst for continued cultural and intellectual exchange.
Welcome To Das Prisma der Ordnung
A prism doesn’t just split light, it unveils the hidden spectrum of truth lying beyond the visible
The title of the project, Das Prisma der Ordnung, means the prism of order. It symbolizes looking at the essence through the phenomenon, which in this project can be understood as deducing the initial design concept and core from the final design result. In this project the essence is the Swiss values and the philosophy and theory of Swiss architecture, and the carrier of the phenomenon is the final design result of the embassy. This thesis is the equivalent of a prism to analyze and refract the relationship between the two components.
Colours of the visible spectrum(BBC Bitesize
The robust cooperation between Indonesia and Switzerland extends to key areas such as human rights advocacy, where Switzerland plays an instrumental role. The Swiss embassy in Jakarta works closely with Indonesia’s Ministry of Law and Human Rights, engaging in annual consultations that address pressing human rights issues and aim to strengthen legal frameworks.3
Since 1951, Indonesia and Switzerland have fostered a strong and dynamic bilateral relationship, marked by a spirit of mutual respect and collaboration across a wide spectrum of fields, including economic partnerships, educational exchange, peacebuilding efforts, and development cooperation.1 This enduring relationship reached a significant milestone in 2021, when the two countries celebrated the 70th anniversary of their diplomatic ties, highlighting not only the longevity but also the depth and multifaceted nature of their partnership.2
Economically, the bilateral relationship is equally significant. Indonesia has emerged as the fourth-largest destination for Swiss direct investment in Asia, trailing only Japan, Singapore, and China. This ranking underscores the strategic importance of Indonesia as a key partner for Switzerland, particularly in sectors such as manufacturing, infrastructure, and technology. Conversely, Switzerland stands out as one of the top European investors in Indonesia, demonstrating the high level of confidence Swiss businesses place in the Indonesian market.4
Overall, the relationship between Indonesia and Switzerland is characterized by a shared commitment to fostering peace, prosperity, and sustainable development. It serves as a model of international cooperation, where mutual benefits are achieved through strategic partnerships and an emphasis on shared values. The ongoing diplomatic efforts, coupled with robust economic and social exchanges, lay a strong foundation for the continued growth and diversification of their bilateral relations, paving the way for even greater cooperation in the future.
Relationship
Background
Switzerland and Indonesia national flags（Marco Förster, 2023)
Switzerland and Indonesia diplomatic relations（FDFA,2021)
Formal diplomatic relations between Switzerland and Indonesia were established.
1952
Switzerland built an embassy in Jakarta, becoming one of the first European countries to establish a diplomatic representation in Indonesia.
1954
Since 2000, the two nations have increased their economic cooperation. In 2009, a Joint Economic and Trade Commission was created.
2009
2011
Since 2011, the foreign ministries of both countries have started to hold regular political dialogues covering areas such as policy, trade, and human rights.6
2018
Switzerland and Indonesia signed a comprehensive economic partnership agreement (CEPA).5
2021
Switzerland and Indonesia simultaneously celebrated the 70th anniversary of the establishment of diplomatic relations between the two countries.
Key Timeline
What are the features of the Swiss Embassy?
The aim of this section is to learn about the Swiss embassies that have been established in other countries and to analyze their commonalities. At the same time, the existing Swiss Embassy in Jakarta was analyzed in order to develop a preliminary concept of the function and form of the new embassy.
02.
Swiss Embassies
From the images on the left, it could be seen the elegant simplicity of the Swiss embassy’s architectural design. The aesthetic approach is characterized by clean lines and a minimalist façade, deliberately avoiding any excessive decoration. This simplicity reflects a quintessentially Swiss sense of precision and understated sophistication. The choice of materials—primarily stone, expansive glass panels, and concrete contributes to a modern look while also emphasizing durability and structural integrity.
Moreover, the building’s setting within lush greenery enhances its connection with the surrounding environment. The extensive use of natural materials not only harmonizes the structure with the landscape but also promotes a sense of openness and transparency. This seamless integration of the building into its context is a testament to the Swiss architectural philosophy of blending functionality with beauty.
Swiss embassy in Jakarta
As Switzerland’s official representative, the embassy manages all aspects of diplomatic relations with Indonesia, safeguarding Swiss interests in political, economic, financial, legal, scientific, educational, and cultural matters.7
Based on the brief, Although the capital is relocated, it is predicted that Jakarta will remain the economic center of Indonesia. Reflecting on this context, the new Swiss Embassy in Nusantara is envisioned as more than a link for further diplomatic relations, it could be a platform or symbol for cultural exchange and celebration between the two countries.
Swiss embassy in Abidjan (Iwan Baan, 2015)
Swiss embassy in Nairobi (Iwan Baan, 2018)
Swiss embassy in Singapore (Khoo Guo Jie, 2024)
Swiss Modern Architecture
Architecture Theory & Philosophy
Switzerland has always kept a low profile, and the country’s most admired architecture does not include the tallest or most expensive buildings in the world. The surprise is that the quality and variety of Swiss architecture ranges from the mountains to the plains, from rural areas to urban areas. 9
This chapter will analyze one by one what led to the shape of modern Swiss architecture? What are the architectural theories and philosophies? Does Swiss social ideology have a potential influence on architecture?
“My buildings should have an emotional core –a space which, in itself, has an emotional nice feeling.”8
-Peter Zumthor
Swiss Made
The Therme Vals exterior view(Andrea Ceriani, nd)
Modernism Functionalsim Rationalism Minimlism Contextualism
Swiss architecture is known for its simplicity, precision, and functionality, reflecting Switzerland’s high regard for quality and detail.10 Swiss architecture has been profoundly influenced by 20th-century modernism, emphasizing clean lines and the purity of form. Architectural designs often avoid unnecessary decoration, focusing on the function and aesthetics of the structure. Modernism has had the greatest influence on Swiss architecture, so this section will start with Modernism and lead to other theories.
Swiss National Museum extension(Walter Mair, 2015)
Modernism
Modernism in Switzerland illustrates architects’ efforts to translate an imported style into a nationalised dialect. The mechanical aestheticism of the International Style appeared to match Switzerland’s proclivity to produce high-quality items. Therefore, Swiss architects excelled at adapting modernism and were not required to build a different version. Swiss architecture has always been distinguished by its intimate relationship with the design cultures that surround it. Architects just experimented with new construction methods and materials rather than creating innovative transformations.11
Modernism in Swiss Architecture has gone through the following stages of development:
Early Modernist Explorations
Time：1900-1930s
Architects：Le Corbusier，Karl Moser
Feature：Bauhaus theory swept through Switzerland at the beginning of the 20th century. Le Corbusier, as he is known, was a major pioneer in this area. He tried to combine human existence with industrial society. As he found it difficult to get his concepts recognized in Switzerland, most of his work was done abroad.12 However, his first and last works were located in Switzerland and established a simple, functional style of architecture.
Architecture: Villa Jeanneret-Perret, 1912. Dom-Ino House,1914.
The Rise of International Style
Time：1930-1950s
Architect：Max Bill
Feature：This style combines practical reason with moral assertiveness, reflecting the simplicity of Switzerland's national ethos. This modernism is based on rational reasoning. Thus, the Swiss self-perception is reflected in the International Style. This perspective has the same ideals as modernist architecture's ideology. Pure, smooth cubes with sturdy construction and flat roofs are the shape of buildings. Buildings in residential areas are categorized by kind and arranged with daylighting in mind. Magnificent views can be observed from a relatively small space because the interiors are frequently open and well-lit.13
Architecture: Neubühlsettlement in Zürich, 1932.
The Impact of Postmodernism
Time：1960-1980s
Architect：Mario Botta
Feature:After World War II, the characteristics of building materials, their impact on structure, proportional systems, high-quality execution, and simple forms became hallmarks of Swiss architecture. Rationality is now contrasted with sensibility, perception, and emotion. This blend of utilitarianism and aesthetic design reflects a shift towards addressing human needs and a renewed respect for tradition, which has transformed functional design. The architecture is marked by a strong sense of geometric form. However, typical Swiss traits such as freedom of thought, fairness, and neutrality are not fully expressed in the architectural style.14
Architecture: San Giovanni Battista Church, 1966.
Contemporary Swiss Architecture and Neo-Modernism
Time: 1980-Now
Architects：Peter Zumthor, Herzog & de Meuron, Peter Markli
Feature: Contemporary Swiss architecture has returned to minimalism and functionality, with a stronger focus on sustainability, environmental integration, and local context. Architects increasingly favour local materials and prioritize designs that engage with the natural surroundings. Peter Zumthor’s works, in particular, emphasize the tactile quality of materials and the spatial experience. Influenced by the values of Swiss direct democracy, modern Swiss architecture also places greater emphasis on the design of public spaces, enhancing community engagement and accessibility.15
Architecture: Therme Vals, 1996. Picassohaus, 2008.
Why Box form?
Swiss modern architecture often takes the form of a square box, for example, the image on the left shows a typical Swiss modern building form, with simple blocks and beautiful facades, a double-height entrance pointing in the right direction, and interior architectural spaces showing a harmonious collision of materials that are both minimalist and modern. In addition to the influence of modernism, the architectural theories behind it are as follows:
• Functionalism: Form follows the Function. This principle, originating from Modernism, advocates that the design of architecture should derive from its intended purpose rather than decorative elements.16
• Rationalism: Swiss culture is known for its emphasis on precision, order, and rationality, qualities that deeply influence its architecture. The clear form is structurally efficient, offering a straightforward solution to issues like load-bearing, circulation, and light.17
• Minimalism: As Mies van der Rohe said less is more,18 the simple geometries allow the materials to be the focus. The box form is a symbol of reductionism, where the form is stripped down to its most essential components. This connects with the Swiss cultural value of restraint and focus on quality over excess.
Fine Arts Museum exterior(Simon Menges, nd)
Fine Arts Museum interior(Simon Menges, nd)
Fine Arts Museum
Less is more
-Ludwig Mies van der Rohe
Fabrikstrasse 10 is a highly modern research building in Switzerland, although the architect is Yoshio Taniguchi from Japan, the project is still a good illustration of Swiss architectural character and philosophy.The use of large expanses of translucent glass at the base of the building and a closed white glass façade at the top creates a contrast and a sense of sculpture.19 The laboratory building looks like a floating box, integrating form and function with an aesthetically pleasing environment. The interior provides a vibrant and active workspace without the use of excessive color and decoration in black and white, but the details of the building are very delicate. Structurally, the building is notable for the flexibility of the ground floor for public use, with column-free rooms of approximately 1,000 square meters.20
Fabrikstrasse 10 exterior(Johannes Marburg, nd)
Fabrikstrasse 10 interior(Johannes Marburg, nd)
Fabrikstrasse 10 interior(Johannes Marburg, nd)
A Floating Box
Large Expansive Glazing
Simple Form High-quality Details
Facing Backward
Prism Refraction
Final Design
This chapter showcases the design process and final outcomes of the Swiss embassy in Indonesia’s new capital, Nusantara. The presented design solutions are a direct result of a comprehensive and systematic approach, building upon the analysis and strategies discussed in the preceding chapters. Through careful consideration of diplomatic relationship, cultural, environmental, and functional aspects, the design has been developed to reflect both the unique Swiss identity and the local Indonesian context. By synthesising earlier research and conceptual frameworks, this chapter highlights the evolution of the project from its initial design intentions to its fully realised form, embodying a thoughtful integration of aesthetics, simplicity, and practicality.
EMBASSY OF SWITZERLAND
Das Prisma der Ordnung
The chancellery’s facade is simple and undecorated, using Bali white sandstone and triple-glazed glass as the main materials. For the public center, the main materials used are large glass and metal, while the two images above show the two buildings and the garden.
The entrances to both the chancellery and the public centre are marked by prominent canopies. These architectural features not only provide clear visual cues, helping the public easily identify the direction of the main entrance, but also serve a functional purpose. During rainy weather, the canopies offer a sheltered drop-off point for vehicles, allowing drivers to safely drop off passengers while keeping them dry. This design choice enhances the user experience, ensuring both practicality and comfort in Indonesia’s tropical climate.
Pure & Clean Form
Public Focus
The open-plan office within the chancellery is designed around a central atrium, creating a bright and spacious environment that embodies the principle of “form follows function.” This centralised arrangement not only maximises natural light and enhances airflow but also fosters an open and collaborative workspace. The layout reflects the embassy’s commitment to efficiency and modern work culture, blending functionality with a sense of openness. The following images capture the atmosphere of the office space, highlighting the dynamic yet balanced design that promotes productivity and a welcoming work environment.
The top floor of the chancellery features an expansive open terrace, offering a variety of recreational amenities for the ambassador and guests, including a swimming pool, barbecue area, and gym. This space provides the best views, overlooking the cityscape of Nusantara.The design of this terrace reflects the typical characteristics of Swiss architecture: understated exteriors paired with a focus on functional luxury. The accompanying image showcases the rooftop pool and the city view, highlighting the seamless integration of relaxation and sophistication in the design.
Ambassador Entertainment
Roof Top
The concept of public space is a central theme throughout the entire project. From the analysis in the previous chapters, it is clear that Switzerland is a nation defined by direct democracy and neutrality. Modern Swiss architecture has placed increasing emphasis on the design of public spaces and buildings. Additionally, Switzerland and Indonesia hold annual consultations on human rights, reflecting shared values of openness and dialogue. This emphasis on public space within the embassy design highlights and embodies these principles. The images presented here illustrate the atmosphere of the public centre, showcasing the dining area and gallery, which serve as key venues for cultural exchange and engagement, reinforcing the embassy’s commitment to transparency, inclusivity.
Modernism Functionalsim Rationalism Minimlism Contextualism
This thesis proposes an embassy that embodies Swiss precision, efficiency, minimalism and functionality. while celebrating and facilitating the ongoing dialogue between Switzerland and Indonesia.
Swiss Embassy
The designated site is located in a section of Indonesia’s new capital, Nusantara, featuring a terrain with a 10-metre elevation difference. The slope gently descends from north to south, dropping approximately one metre every ten metres. The design integrates two main structures: the chancellery and the public centre. The primary entrance to the embassy is strategically positioned on the southern side of the site. This choice leverages the lower elevation, allowing a full view of the entire complex, while also benefiting from reduced vehicular and pedestrian traffic compared to the northern side. As a result, the southern entrance enhances the privacy of the embassy.
These diagrams show the design process and program arrangement.The first one is the original site, then setback of 5 meters as the boundary. Divide the site and align the programs, the square one is the chancellery, and circle one is the public center. Then rotate the chancellery following the typography. Then entrances and exits. The black one shows the public entry and the dark gray one shows the ambassador entry. Then the circulation core, the structural grids and greenery.
The Site
The Design Process
Original Site
Entrances & Exits
Setback-5m
Vertical Circulation
Align The Progrmas
Structural Grids
Rotate The Progrmas
Landscape & Greenery
The site’s central feature is the chancellery, The ground floor is accessible from the site’s lower point and is dedicated to public use. Adjacent to the chancellery is the public center, Its entrance faces to the gate entry directly, easing access for the public and enhancing user experience by providing direct and efficient service pathways. The ground floor of the chancellery, half of the space is used for consular and the other half is buried underground so it’s used as a parking lot. Half of the public center‘s ground floor is dedicated to the library and the other half is a multifunctional hall designed to facilitate public use and engagement
Ground Floor
The first floor of the chancellery consists of an open terrace and an ambassador carpark. The open terrace not only creates more space for staff to relax, but also separates the upstairs office space from the downstairs consualr, adding more privacy to the office area.
The first floor of the public centre consists of a common dining area and a gallery, which serves as a venue for closer cultural exchanges between the two nations. Exiting the ground floor leads to an outdoor garden. Given Indonesia's frequent rainy weather, the utilisation rate of outdoor spaces may be relatively low. Thus, the garden area is designed to be modest, but the space is still adequate for dining, reading, and relaxation for the public.
The second floor of the chancellery features an open-plan office and meeting rooms. From this level, the embassy incorporates an atrium design, maximising space utilisation and prioritising a logical internal layout through a centralised arrangement. The design of the embassy reflects principles of rationalism and functionalism. The rooftop of the public centre is designed as a green roof, accommodating Indonesia’s rainy season while enhancing sustainability.
Second Floor
The third floor of the chancellery includes the ambassador’s office suite, private offices, meeting rooms, and the open-plan office area. From this level onwards, the spaces become more private. This is because the ambassador’s residence is located on the top floor of the chancellery.
Third Floor
Starting from the fourth floor of the chancellery is the ambassador's residence. The ambassador has access via a private car lift, stair, and elevator, which also connect directly to the ambassador office suite on the third floor. The decision to place the ambassador's residence on the top of chancellery was made to provide a spacious area, better natural lighting, enhanced views, improved privacy and to minimise site excavation. The fourth floor features the household staff quarters, a double-height salon, and a large terrace.
The fifth floor of the chancellery is entirely dedicated to the ambassador’s residence. Each room is designed with ample natural light, with the ambassador’s bedroom enjoying the best views and sunlight. To ensure greater privacy, the southern side of this floor is set back by 5 metres.
Fifth Floor
The sixth floor of the chancellery features an open terrace dedicated entirely to the ambassador’s leisure and entertainment. It includes a barbecue area, a gym, an open-air swimming pool, and changing rooms.
Sixth Floor
Section
1. Bali white sandstone shading
2. Bali white sandstone Cladding
Swiss Embassy
Geometries
Order and Simplicity showcase a harmonious blend of cubic and cylindrical volumes, capturing the disciplined yet welcoming spirit of the Swiss embassy.
Conclusion
Overall, the design of the new Swiss embassy in Nusantara serves as a comprehensive reflection of modern Swiss architectural principles and core national values. This project captures the essence of Swiss diplomacy by fostering openness, cultural exchange, and international collaboration. The chancellery and public center are thoughtfully integrated to facilitate both formal diplomatic functions and informal cultural events, providing flexible spaces that support a wide range of activities, from official meetings to public exhibitions. The emphasis on public areas, reflects Switzerland’s dedication to transparency and inclusivity, aligning with its long-standing tradition of direct democracy and respect for human rights.
Additionally, the embassy’s strategic layout, including the open-plan office design and the rooftop terrace with recreational amenities, exemplifies Swiss architectural rationalism—combining functional efficiency with understated luxury. By carefully considering the site’s topography and local climate, the design achieves an optimal balance between privacy, security, and engagement with the community. This holistic approach not only highlights the sophistication of Swiss architectural theory but also serves as a symbol of the strong and enduring relationship between Switzerland and Indonesia, emphasizing shared values and a mutual commitment to cultural diplomacy.
2024, Vincent Das Prisma der Ordnung
Switerland
Indonesia
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Das Prisma der Ordnung
Swiss Embassy, 2024