PÉTUR BLÖNDAL MAGNASON PORTFOLIO BERGEN ARKITEKTHØGSKOLE 2010-2012
CURRICULUM VITAE
PÉTUR BLÖNDAL MAGNASON Born in Reykjavík / Iceland / august 19th 1985 EDUCATION Bergen School of Architecture / 2006-2012 Technical College Reykjavik / 2005-2006 Student from Reykjavík Gymnasium / 2001-2005 PROFESSIONAL EXPERIENCE Krads Architecture / Reykjavík / Internship / 2009-2010 MasterCard / Reykjavík / Consultation & collection /2007-2011 BYKO / Reykjavík / Paint & electricty department / 2002-2006 IT COMPETENCE Adobe CS; Illustrator, Photoshop, Indesign, After Effects Autocad architectural Rhinoceros 4 Vpt 6 video projection tool LANGUAGES - Icelandic (native), English(fluent), Norwegian (fluent), Danish (fluent), German(intermediat) CONTACT Address / Christian Michelsensgate 5, 5012, Bergen Mobile / +47 97495676 / +354 848 4595 Email / petur.magnason@gmail.com
MASTER COURSES / 2010 - 2012 THROUGH OUT THE DIFFERENT MASTERS LEVEL STUDIOS AND WORKSHOPS AT BERGEN SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE I HAVE DEVELOPED TOOLS FOR APPROACHING CONTEMPORARY DEVELOPMENT, PHENOMENAS AND ISSUES OF ARCHITECTURE AND URBANISM AT VARIOUS SCALES. IN MY TRAINING I HAVE FOCUSED ON DEVELOPING FUNDAMENTAL SKILLS TO USE VITAL INFORMATION FOR THE CONTEXT AND MATERIALITY TO REALIZE PROJECTS. WITH THIS PORTFOLIO I PRESENT MY WORK WHERE I HAVE USED DIFFERENT TECHNIQUES OF PRODUCING RESEARCH BOOK, INSTALLATIONS, CONSTRUCTION OF UNCONVENTIONAL MATERIALS, HAND DRAWNED AND COMPUTER GENERATED ILLUSTRATIONS AND MODELS TO PRESENT THE PROJECTS.
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/ CURRICULUM VITAE
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/ INDEX
PAGE 5 - 20 / RETIREMENT BASE - NORTHERN LINES PAGE 21 - 22 / GEOMETRY IN SPACE PAGE 23 - 24 / RAMMED EARTH PAGE 25 - 32 / FJARÐARALDAN BREWERY - EASTERN PROMISE PAGE 33 - 34 / VISUAL STRUCTURE VII PAGE 35 - 64 / EMERGING ARCTIC LANDSCAPES
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NORTHERN LINES
EASTERN PROMISE / FORCE MAJUERE
GEOMETRY IN SPACE
RAMMED EARTH
VISUAL STRUCTURE VII
EMERGING ARCTIC LANDSCAPES
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RETIREMENT BASE BASE BY: PÈTUR BLØNDAL MAGNASON WITH SILJE KLEPSVIK AND ANDERS RUBING NORTHERN LINES AUTUMN 2010 TUTOR: DEANE A. SIMPSON THE COURSE WAS A RESEARCH-BASED DESIGN STUDIO EXPLORING THE IMLPICATIONS FOR URBANISM AND ARCHITECTURE OF THE EXPANDING CRUISE-SHIP INDUSTRY IN THE NORTH AND WEST OF NORWAY. IN THE DESIGN PROJECT IS THE FOCUS ON THE GROWING DEMOGRAPHIC OF RETIREES AT A GLOBAL AND REGIONAL SCALE. THE BASES OF THE PROJECT WAS THE TRENDS AND ISSUES OF RETIRED CRUISE-TOURISTS FROM THE RESEARCH PHASE OF THE STUDIO. RETIREMENT BASE IS A PROJECT EXPLORING HOW INTERNATIONAL MIGRATING AND SEASONAL BASED RETIREMENT CRUISE COULD IMPACT A NORWEGIAN VILLAGE INFRASTRUCTURE WITH THE LEISURE LIFESTYLE OF THE FOREIGN DWELLERS.
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NORTHERN LINES BOOKS - RESEARCH & DESIGN VOLUMES EXCERPTS FROM THE BOOKS DEVELOPED IN THE STUDIO PUBLISHED IN CONDITIONS MAGAZINE
Global population older than 65
20%
7 Amount of population over 65 years old.
5%
Norway Demography Developement - Elders
Global cruise passenger vs. Norwegian cruise passengers
Age
18%-19.9%
Income
16%-17.9% 14%-15.9% 0%-13.9%
Length of Cruise
Repeating cruisers
18 million people go on cruise travel in 2010.
Norway population over age 65
The average age of the cruise passenger is about 50 years old, and is getting younger and younger. About 10 percent of cruise passengers are under 26. On cruises to Norway the situation is however somewhat different, with the average passenger being closer to 70. These are frequent cruisers, with about 69 percent being repeat cruisers
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141
Name: Mrs. Evelyn Mateer Nationality: British Age: 83 Gender: F
Name: Mr & Mrs Inman Nationality: UK Age: 60+ Gender:m/f
Retirement home or cruise Based on the fact that the world is aging at a unparalled rate we are looking at growth of people over age 65. At the same time we are looking at a increasing growth of cruise tourists, and retired people being the largest demography, we work with a seasonal network for these clients in a urban setting in Norway
Name: Margrie Lowe Nationality: UK Age: 67 Gender: F alone
3.03.01 Title Picture Tradional options for retirement
Norway
All Very Good
Like it
Norway
Good Food Excelent Staff A smaller Ship
Views Lovely Country
Greenland
Convenience Comfort Value
More options for retirement
4.03.07 British couple II
4.03.09 British couple IV
Name: Glaister Nationality: British Age: 60 + Gender: M
Name:Patricia Armstrong Nationality: British Age: 71
Name: Sheila Simons Nationality: British Age: 65 Gender: F , two friends
25 20 15
I
Meanwhile, demographics are shifting: By 2050, people over 65 are forecast to make up one-third of the EU population, a jump from 16.5 percent today. As the old safety nets erode, European states are searching for formulas to reduce health care and retirement costs in the face of strong demand for services. According to www.snopes.com, the average cost for a nursing home was $200 per day in 2005. Further comparison information was collected about Princess Cruise Ship reservations, whichshowed the following: At Princess cruises you can get a long term discount and senior discount price of $135 per day. That leaves $65 a day.
30
4.03.08 British couple III
Old age in Europe is not what it used to be. Traditionally seniors had few alternatives. They stayed with their family, or those who were utterly alone would check into hospital-like residences. But now, adult children with demanding jobs are less inclined or able to care for parents. Seniors themselves are demanding more independence in the lengthening, post-retirement stage of life.
10 5 0
0-19
20-39
40-59
60-
Demography of cruise tourists
The traditional care-giving scheme is breaking down, and that creates opportunities. Some countries are offering incentives for traditional home care and experimenting with measures to limit expenses. In Norway the cities of Bergen, BĂŚrum and Oslo, have opened elderly residences in the south of Spain, where property is cheaper and the weather warmer. In Norway are a number of vacant houses and hotels in shrinking cities that could be transformed to an alternative for Spanish elders to spent a part of their retirement in a Northern European setting
Mediterranean Alaska Baltics Caribbean Scandinavia
Relaxing All Inclusive See lots of Locations
4.03.10 British couple V
9
Fjords
Mediterranean
4.03.11 British coupleVI
Service
Different Reasons
Mediterranian Scenary
Service Comfort Food
4.03.12 British couple VII
Fjords Mountains
Retirement exchange program for retirement
Cruise as retirement center
145
All-year retirement route and residence
Plug-in retirement home The cruise ship becomes a plug-in structure in the universally designed ports. The ship itself is contrstucted or reconstructed to meet the demands and requirements for a retirement home. 4.03.16 Beatrice Muller Gazing
4.03.17 Beatrice Muller with crew
4.03.18 Beatrice Muller in salon
4.03.19 Ball at Queen Elisabeth 2
4.03.20 The Queen at Queen Elisabeth 2
4.03.21 Dining Queen Elisabeth 2
4.02.07 The route of Queen Elizabeth 2
Summer recidence: Norway
Winter recidence: Spain
Transitional recidence
The norwegian summer season has a comfortable climate which is suitable for the elderly.
Like the norwegian summer, the spanish winter season offers a comfortable climate for the elderly.
The transition between Norway and Spain between the seasonal recidences takes full advantage of the cruise not only as a transportation mode but also as a tourist media. The transition will function as a cruise vacation, offering a variety of destinations and itineraries.
Beatrice Muller’s retirement route Equals to 5.5 million nautical miles
Each liner comes with its own morgue
Increasing number of elderly people
With the number of people going on cruise travels worldwide reaching 18 million in 2010, death has become more common on the high seas. In case of death, the body will eighter be removed at the next port, or frozen and stored in the ship’s morgue for the duration of the cruise.
According to redorbit.com people at the age of 80 or older counted 69 million ( 1,1 % of the population) in 2000. In the year 2050, this number will have risen to 377 million, or 4,2 % of the population.
95 prosent).
Eldrebølge på vei
Links References
See Map: See Reference: References: www.snopes.com/travel www.dailymail.co.uk news.bbc.co.uk www.cruiselinehistory.com Nothern lines (Simpson), Bergen, 2011
Mens det i 1950 bare var vel 8 prosent som var 67 år og over, er dagens andel vel 13. Men først etter 2015 (når de store etterkrigskullene blir pensjonister) vil denne andelen øke ytterligere, til 17 prosent i 2030 og 21 prosent i 2050. Andelen barn og unge under 15 år vil fortsatt synke, til om lag 18 prosent i 2050. Eldrebølgen skyldes bare delvis det faktum at vi blir eldre (flere på toppen av pyramiden); vel så viktig er de lave fødselstallene som betyr at det blir færre i bunnen. Og når eldrebølgen ennå ikke helt har nådd oss, skyldes det både at fruktbarheten i Norge fortsatt er relativt høy og at innvandrerne er unge.
Eldreomsorg: Fra institusjon til bolig
Penger på bok
Den offentlige eldreomsorgen kan grovt deles inn i tre hovedsektorer: Institusjoner, boliger og hjemmetjenester. Siden midten av 1990-tallet har det vært en klar vekst i antall brukere av kommunale pleie- og omsorgstjenester, noe som først og fremst skyldes at flere nå får hjelp i hjemmet. Særlig har antallet som får hjemmesykepleie økt. Også antallet plasser i pleie- og omsorgsboliger har økt kraftig.
Fordi oljeinntekten etter hvert vil avta og fordi et økende antall eldre vil føre til økte pensjons-, pleie- og omsorgsutgifter, er det opprettet et Statens pensjonsfond – Utland (tidligere Statens petroleumsfond), som forvaltes av Norges Bank og bygges opp av den delen av oljeinntektene som ikke blir brukt over statsbudsjettet. Siden 1996 har fondet økt fra 48 milliarder kroner til vel 2 000 milliarder ved utgangen av 2007. Dette tilsvarer om lag 430 000 kroner per innbygger.
Når det gjelder institusjonsplassene (alders- og sykehjem), så har antallet slike plasser sunket noe de siste årene, blant annet som en følge av ombygginger for å øke antallet enkeltrom (som nå utgjør
Retirement cruise route
Route timeline Latitude
The transitional route:
70째 N
Itinerary example thoughout one year.
Thermal comfort 62째 N
Spring transition itinerary example: Caribbean Departure Spain - Arrival Norway
Autumn transition itinerary example: Mediterrenean and the Baltic
Other Possible routes
Departure Norway - Arrival Spain
30째 N jan Servey seniors 2006 According to a servey for seniors done in Norway 2006, elderly fear nursing homes more than death. The elderly fear failing health because they do not trust the public services within health and care-facilities. In the servey it showed that seniors wish to spend time on friends and family. Social network was of great importance, together with travel, reading and walks in the nature. Cultural offers such as cinema, theatre and concerts were of high priority, together with eating and drinking well. It showed the seaniors also have a wish to learn something.
The landbased retirement The land-based retirement offer takes in use abandoned houses and hotels. Due to tuff competition with the growing cruise tourism where all-inclusive offers is keeping the tourist onboard the ship, many hotels have gone out of business. These hotels are now becoming a part of an retirement-programme that combines travel with
seasonal recidence. An inter-Europe exchange route is suggested, that allows the retirees to move according to seasonal comfort-zones. This can for instance be a route between Norway and Spain, where the abandoned hotels becomes retirement recidences during the norwegian summer season, while the retirees jumps on a cruise taking them to warmer Spain during norwegian winter.
feb
mar
apr
may
jun
jul
aug
sept
okt
nov
des
Location for a retirement base
When choosing a base location for a retirement cruise, we start by looking at the port of calls with a large number of visitors each year. These four places have in common that they are close to the national infrastructure network. That is national highway, train system and airport.
Tromso 78.269 passengers
BALESTRAND
Along the way to these ports are towns with a population comparable to an average population of a cruise ship. Balestrand is an example of that kind of town with 1344 inhabitants, less than a day tour with a ship to Flåm. It´s located in Sogn & Fjordane, Europe´s longest fjord where the scenery is optimal for cruise tourist that choose Norway as destination.w
Geiranger 218.028 passenger
Flåm 142.608 passenger
Bergen 282.500 passengers
FLÅM
12
Strategy for retirement base
Balestrand pop. 1344
Open areas and reprogamable volumes for retirement base
Retirement cruise comes Bleeds into town
Connect the open areas with a contiunous path
13
14
Leisure activity program - Balestrand
Q
K
A
A
K
Q
Z
15
Z Z
16
New infrastructure - Balestrand
17
N 1:1000
Retirement Outdoor activity Infrastructure
Green area
18
Retirement cruise square
A
B
C
c
Z
Z Z
Potential cruise ports
Remove houses - Relocate in new terminal
Square Connect existing hotel over to the cruise ship
A
A
19
Accessibilty into the town
Evening sun - Summer
Opening the square into the terminal
Movement from the terminal to town
Cruise square section A-A
Z
Z
Z
Z
Z
Z Z
Z Z
Z Z
Z Z
Z Z
Z
Z
Z
Z
Kvikne hotel
Steps / Path
Local market
Outdoor cafĂŠ
Bingo square
Leisure Lane
Terminal mixed use
Z Z
Z Z
Z Z
Z Z
Retirement cruise
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GEOMETRY IN SPACE WORKSHOP AUTUMN 2010 TUTORS: ESTHER STOCKER ABOUT: THE IDEA OF THE WORKSHOP WAS TO DEFINE ELEMENTS OR STRUCTURE IN SPACE BY SHIFTING COGNITIVE STRUCTURE INTO AN AESTHETIC FIELD, AN EXPERIMENT INVOLVING OUR IMAGINATION. WE DEVELOPED SYMMETRICAL STRUCTURE OF SCAVENGED MATERIAL IN A LIMITED SPACE.
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RAMMED EARTH WORKSHOP SPRING 2011 TUTORS: ESPEN FOLGERØ GØRAN JOHANSEN ABOUT: THE MATERIAL COURSE FOCUSED ON THE METHOD RAMMING. ORIGINALLY THE RAMMED EARTH COURSE WAS GIVEN AS A INTRODUCTION TO THE SPRING STUDIO IN BURKINO FASO. DUE TO UNFORESEEN REASONS THE BURKINO FASO STUDIO WAS POSTPONED BUT THE MATERIAL COURSE WAS CONDUCTED IN A GOOD SPIRIT AND WAS AN EXPERIENCE OF DEVELOPING IDEAS TO REALITY AND APPROACHING ALTERNATIVE METHODS IN THE ENVIRONMENT IN BERGEN. THE WORKSHOP GROUP WORKED COLLECTIVELY ON RESEARCHING CONDITIONS AND ACCESSIBILITY TO THE PROPOSED SITE IN BERGEN, FINDING THE MATERIALS, CLAY, SAND, PEBBLES AND STONES IN A LOCAL REACH. THE RAMMING AND BUILDING OF THE RAMMED EARTH WALLS TOOK PLACE AT BAS AND WAS INTENDED TO BE LOCATED IN THE CITY CENTER BUT DURING THE TRANSPORT THE WALLS FELL OF THE TRUCK AND WERE DESTROYED.
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FJARÐARALDAN BREWERY BY: PÈTUR BLØNDAL MAGNASON EASTERN PROMISE - FORCE MAJEURE SPRING 2011 TUTORS: STEVE CHRISTER MARGRÉT HARÐARDÓTTIR KRISTINN E. HRAFNSSON ESPEN FOLGERØ ABOUT: THE OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDIO WAS TO LOOK AT PAST AND PRESENT INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT IN THE EAST REGION OF ICELAND. EL GRILLO WAS A BRITISH OILTANKER THAT WAS SUNK IN SEYÐISFJÖRÐUR DURING WWII. A BEER BEARING THIS NAME IS NOW BREWED IN REYKJAVÍK. WITH THE PROJECT A LOCAL TRADITION AND RECIPE IS INTRODUCED WITH FJARÐARALDAN BREWERY AND CULTURAL CENTER ON THE PRESENTLY DESERTED HARBOURFRONT, MORE APPROPRIATE TO THE ORIGIN OF THE PRODUCT. ESSENTIALLY THE BUILDING IS A WRAPPING OF THE BREWING PROCESS CROSSED BY A CULTURAL ROUTE THAT CAN BE ENJOYED AT MANY LEVELS INCLUDIN WALKT-THROUGH, PRODUCTION TOUR AND DRINKING EXPERINCE. IN GOOD WEATHER THE PUBLIC AREASCAN OPEN ONTO A BOARDWALK. IT IS ANTICIPATED THE RICH MIX OF EXPERIENCE WILL APPEAL TO LOCALS, REGULAR VISITORS AND THE TOURISTS AS THEY ARRIVE BY THE INTERNATIONAL FERRY. THE BUILDING IS SIMPLE AND DIRECT WITH FORMS REMINISCENT OF THE INDUSTRIALIZATION THAT ONCE OCCUPIED THE WATERFRONT OF THE TOWN. THE INTENSITY OF THE BUILDINGS IMAGE IS HEIGHTENED BY THE USE OF WEATHERED OF THE TIMBER SCAVENGED FROM DISMANTLED PIERS.
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SEYÐISFJÖRÐUR POPULATION: 704
CENTRUM & RESIDENTIAL AREA
ACCESSIBILITY
LANDFILL FOR NEW PASSENGER PORT SINCE 2003
INDUSTRIAL & EXPORT AREA
N
1:1000
N
1:10000
ENTRANCE TO RESTAURANT FROM SOUTH
A
A
ELEVATION 1 1:200
A
A
29 ELEVATION 2 1:200
SECTION A-A 1:200
BREWING PROCESS GRIST HOPPER
MALT/BARLEY SACKS
FINISHED BEER
MALT/BARLEY GRINDER
MASHING TUN COOKING AT 66째C 60 MINUTES
BREWING INGREDIENTS
WATER
100 L
MALT
HOPS
25 kg 150 gr
800 L 200 kg 12 kg
YEAST
BREW KETTLE
TAPPING - KEGGING
BOILING 60 MINUTES
BYPRODUCT: BREWER-GRAINS ANIMAL FOOD FERTILIZER
HEAT EXCHANGER
30 FERMENTATION 14 -21 DAYS
N
1-500
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CULTURE INDUSTRY EXISTING PARKINGLOT REUSED PIER
VISUAL STRUCTURE VII BY: PÈTUR BLØNDAL MAGNASON WORKSHOP SPRING 2011 TUTORS: SVEIN HATLØY MONA ELISABETH STEINSLAND ABOUT: THE TASK WAS TO INVESTIGATE THE INHABITANTS RELATION TO BYBANEN IN BERGEN AND DEVELOPE INTERVENTIONS IN THE LOCAL COMMUNITIES AROUND EACH STOPS. THE WORKSHOP TOOK FOUR DAYS AND FOR EACH DAY WE GOT KEY WORDS TO PROCEED WITH: VALUES / OBJECTS OF INTEREST / ADOPTABILITY / CONTINUATION THE WORK AT KRONSTAD BYBANE STOP WAS CONDUCTED BY MAPPING AND COMING WITH VISUAL ANSWER WITH THESE KEY WORDS
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RETORIENTING BIDJOVÁGGI BY: PÈTUR BLØNDAL MAGNASON & ERLEND ANDREASSEN BOLSTAD WITH SILJE ØGÅRD EMERGING ARCTIC LANDSCAPES AUTUMN 2011 TUTORS: GISLE LØKKEN MAGDALENA HAGGÄRDE TONE BERGE ABOUT: THE OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDIO WAS TO CREATE A PLATFORM FOR CRITICAL DISCUSSIONS ON THE CHANGES CURRENTLY TAKING PLACE IN THE ARCTIC REGION. WITH REORIENTING BIDJOVÁGGI THE FOCUS WAS ON THE CONFLICT OF CONTRADICTING INTERESTS IN THE SÁMI TERRITORIES IN FINNMARK. THE LANDSCAPE HAS UNDERGONE DRAMATIC CHANGES THE LAST 30 YEARS IN FORM OFF USE OF ENERGY RESOURCES & DEVELOPMENT OF INFRASTRUCTURE WHICH HAS INFLUENCED THE TRADITIONAL LIFESTYLE OF THE REINDEER HERDERS OPERATING AND MIGRATING IN FINNMARK. BASED ON FUTURE PLANS OF GOLD MINING OPERATION IN KAUTOKEINO MUNICIPALITY THE PROJECTS AIM WAS TO APPROACH THE ACTORS INVOLVED IN THE COMING TRANSFORMATION OF THE AREA, BOTH HUMAN AND NON-HUMAN, AND INTRODUCE AN ALTERNATIVE APPROACH TO DISCUSS AND PLAN CHANGES IN BIDJOVÁGGI
WWW.EMERGINGARCTICLANDSCAPES.BLOGSPOT.COM
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THE VULNERABILITY OF
OVERLAPPING FIELDS OF INTERESTS Summer pasture
Reindeer husbandry migration Winter pasture
Planned windmill parks Existing windmill parks Hydro electrical power Soil extraction sites
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REINDEER HERDING CHANGES DEVELOPEMENT OF INFRASTRUCTURE
The Vulnabilitiy of Overlapping Fields of Interests
herds ability to adapt to changing
land in the Barents Eura Arctic
Reindeer husbandry and
region. Up to 35 % of the range in
Further development windmill
condition. The traditional knowledge
development
the coastal area of Finnmark lost
parks and mining. There are about
has been preserved and passed
because of that disturbance. That is
40 windmillparks planned for the
through generations. Documenting
A reindeer herders main challenge is
1% of the summer grazing land used
coast and highland of Finnmark
the knowledge of the husbandry,
to preserve their pasture land. The
tradionally by S路mi reindeer herders
that can result in a distuburance for
the economic and cultural values, is
future for reindeer husbandry in the
along the coast of Northern Norway
reindeer husbandry in 2,5-5,0 Km
crucial for making further industrial
Barents region is highly dependent
is lost every year.
range. In Karasjok area there are
development.
on the availability of grazing land.
Preservation of grazing land is
plans of mining pastures. Mining
Extensive oil, gas and mining
one major task in response to the
companies have said that they will
development will likely lead to loss
warming in the arctic
buy people out, those who have to
of vital ranges, in particular coastal
Increased vegetation growth
leave reindeer husbandry. But none
summer pastures and calving
as an response to the climate
of them who use the pastures are
grounds.
change is also one reason for
interested in selling land. People
Any vision of sustainability that is
loss of grazing land. For reindeer
in Karasjok have said that their
related to the Arctic has to take
grazing conditions, the increase in
pastures are not for sale for any
account of the knowledge and
temperature during summertime
amount of gold-money. If companies
lessons learned by those who
will lead to more unstable winters
are going to use the pastures, which
practice reindeer husbandry and
in continental areas, with a further
are already scarce, for 15 years
related subsistence activities in the
increased frequency of freeze-
it means that future generations
region.
thaw cycles and subsequent icing
will not be socialised in reindeer
of pastures. Summer pastures
husbandry and will not learn the
Loss of grazing land
may change from open to shrub-
traditional knowledge.
Physical destruction of habitat and
vegetated land. Growing seasons
disturbance from developement
will become longer and plant
Strategies for reindeer herders to
of infrastructure, including the
production increase. This can lead
adapt
construction of artillery range,
to shift in migration routes and
There seems to be a need
buildings, hydro-electrical facilities,
calving grounds, reindeer starvation
for communicating traditional
windparks, pipelines, cabins and
and change in reindeer water
knowlegde about pasture use, snow
etc has led to 25 % loss of grazing
crossings.
change, reindeer terminology and
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ENERGY RESOURCES IN FINNMARK Energy resources from hydro-electrical are owned by the state or municipal power companies. Some private companies in collaboration with municipalities are planning windmill parks around the coast of Finnmark.
12,5 %
12,5 % 12,5 %
N66° N66°
12,5 %
N67° KAUTOKEINO BIEDJOVÁGGI
N68° KARASJOK
ALTA N69°
NIKEL
MURMANSK
KIRKENES HAMMERFEST
VADSØ E 27°30`KIBERG VARDØ
N70°
HAMNINGBERG
E 32°30`
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Power station
Municipality - Governmental
MINING OPERATIONS IN FINNMARK Sites for mining in Norway are either owned by the state or private companies. In Finnmark, only private companies own the mining sites but still have to pay taxes to Norwegian authorities for working there. Most of those private companies shareholder are not situated in Finnmark or Norway.
N66°
Quartz SiO2
N66° N67° KAUTOKEINO BIEDJOVÁGGI
N68° KARASJOK
ALTA N69°
NIKEL
MURMANSK
KIRKENES HAMMERFEST
VADSØ E 27°30`KIBERG VARDØ
N70°
HAMNINGBERG
E 32°30`
40
Mining site
Private shareholder
ACTORS OF CONTROVERSY The grazing area of Biedjovággi is being considered now for gold-mining operation in near future. With this area that reaches over 20 km we look further to see how such mining plans are made and who takes decision of the future of the landscape
Gulo gulo
Sami Reindeer Herders Association of Norway
Sami Parliament
12,5 %
Anas acuta
6°
6°
7° KAUTOKEINO BIEDJOVÁGGI
8°
9°
KARASJOK ALTA NIKEL
MURMANSK
KIRKENES HAMMERFEST
VADSØ E 27°30`KIBERG VARDØ
0°
HAMNINGBERG
E 32°30`
41
Energy resources from hydroelectrical are owned by the state or municipal power companies. Some private companies in collaboration with municipalities are planning windmill parks around the coast of Finnmark.
Gulo gulo
Sami Reindeer Herders Association of Norway
Sami Parliament
Sites for mining in Norway are either owned by the state or private companies. In Finnmark, only private companies own the mining sites but still have to pay taxes to Norwegian authorities for working there. Most of those private companies shareholder are not situated in Finnmark or Norway.
12,5 %
Anas acuta
12,5 %
12,5 % 12,5 %
N66°
Quartz SiO2
N66°
12,5 %
N67° KAU KAUTOKEINO KA UTOKE UT O OKE O BIEDJOVÁGGI BI JOV O ÁG I
N68° KARASJOK
ALTA N69°
NIKEL
MURMANSK
KIRKENES HAMMERFEST
VADSØ E 27°30`KIBERG VARDØ
N70°
HAMNINGBERG
E 32°30`
42
43
US military diagram showing the components of the urban structure. (Eyal Wiezmann,Lethal Theory)
ARCTIC TERRAIN
REINDEERHERDING SAMI POPULATION INFRASTRUCTURE CARBON FOSSILE RESOURCE SUMMER GRAZING
MARINE RESOURCES
INFRASTRUCTURE HYDRO POWER RESOURCE
SUMMER GRAZING COSTAL SAMI POPULATION WIND POWER RESOURCE
SEASONAL MIGRATION
NON-SAMI POPULATION
WINTER GRAZING
EXTRACTION OF HANDICRAFT RESOURCES
SUBTERANEAN RESOURCE
MINERALS
OIL & GAS
Diagram showing some of the components of the arctic region.
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SĂ MI CYCLES IN THE LANDSCAPE bulls unattended while grazing during summer
counting, marking, vaccinating, saw off huge antlers navit
selected animals slaughtered
making of dried venison and hide towards summer pasture
slow walk in melted, deep snow towards winter pasture
calve arrival
the bulls are kept inside fences
making of dried venison
winter slaughting
the reindeer group split in smaller groups to improve grazing efficiency
-40Âşc total darkness, samene spread out to cover a vast pasture
aidejavrre
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Activities on the grazing fields čakča - Autumn
giđđa - Spring bulls grazing unattendedly counting, marking, vaccinating, saw off huge antlers
towards summer pasture calves gaining weight
slaughting
calve arrival
towards winter pasture making of dried venison winter slaughting big bull group many same - teams
collecting bulls in fences smaller herding groups
-40ºc total darkness survival
SUMMER Giesse
springSUMMER Gidágiesse
autumnSUMMER Tjaktjagiesse
SPRING Gidá
AUTUMN Tjaktja
springwinter Gidádálvve
autumnwinter Tjaktjadálvve
WINTER Dálvve
http://www.samer.se/1077
Sami time organizing.
47
Panorama showing the Landscape and the people and animals who inhabit it Persons found on Facebook Animals that are shown are endangered species observed in that same area (source artskart.no)
48
SYSTEMS IN THE SÁMI LANDSCAPE
KARASJOK MUNICIPALITY
TROMS COUNTY
1 of 1
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Scale 1 : 200 000
N 0
Scale 1 : 250 000 1
2
3
4
Kilometer
5
0
1
2
3
4
Kilometer
5
PLANNED MINING AREA
NATIONAL PARKS IN KAUTOKEINO MUNICIPALITY
DISTRICT 34 ABORASSA
REINDEER MIGRATION THROUGH KAUTOKEINO MUNICIPALITY
GRAZING LAND BY SEASON SPRING - AUTUMN - AUTUMN/WINTER
PLANTS AND ANIMALS AROUND BIEDJOVÁGGI
INFRASTRUCTURE IN KAUTOKEINO ROADS - SKIDOO
IMPACT OF INTERVENTION IN NATURE
HERDERS BASE AND
PROTECTION OF PRISTINE LAND
REINDEER MILLS
50
Reorienting Biedjovรกggi
51
Biedjovรกggi Reorientations With the plan of re-opening and expanding mining operation in Biedjovรกggi there are various processes that are facing limitations and eventually an end. Planning a such operation must take consideration of all the processes and elements that exist in the landscape today . Within these processes are subjects that sometimes have no voice in the discussion of the planning a space. The mining operation is set to begin in two years and before that, all adjustments to the plan will be finalised in the beginning of 2013. The discussions of the plans of the have only taken place at public meetings and in the local media. At the public meeting in Kautokeino 9. November 2011 when the plan program was introduced, there was emphasized that in the further research and planning there would have to be a greater focus on the indigenous perspective. The traditional impact assessment methods and planning documents have little focus on traditional knowledge about natural resources, cultural heritages and etc. It is clear that there will be loss of grazing land for reindeers and local people are going to have to adjust to that. Species of plants and animals will disappear and archeological remains of settlement will lose trace. In order to respond to these changes there is a need to look at an alternative for traditional impact assessment. There is need to change the mentality of the space where the existing plans of mining is oriented. An alternative process where events take place in space and time can shed light on the process for the people involved in the debate and the ones who are affected by it. With temporality as a policy it will reveal attention to the facts that the entities and identities are collectively portrayed through practices that shape relations that must be focused on.
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53
ORE DEPOSITS
FALL GRAZING
DEVELOPMENT AREA
IMPACT AREA
ENDANGERED SPECIES
CULTURAL HERITAGE SITES
SPRING AND FALL GRAZING
MIGRATION PATH
COLLECTION AREAS
EVENTS
,,When we look at a map that is laid on a table, a flat surface. Space is represented as a completed product. As a coherent closed system, the space is completely interconnected and instantly interconnected. It tells the order of things”* What happens when the different processes of the landscape of Biedjovággi are pulled up from the flat map, is that it opens up the order. The informations become disoriented and provoke a unaccustomed view. It exposes incoherence and fragmentations of the spatial itself. The spatial can be seen as an arena of
possibilities where unconnected narratives can be brought to contact. In this spatiality different temporalities and different voices must work out means of accommodation. By that making nodes through the routes of the inconsistent processes that can create interventions. But with the interventions in Biedjovággi you are not just travelling through the space or across it, you are participating to altering it a little *Doreen Massey For space
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REINDEER HERDING PROCESSES IN BIEDJOVAGGI
55
EXISTING REINDEER HUTS
ARCTIC GOLD PLAN PROGRAM IN BIEDJOVAGGI
CULTURAL HERITAGE SITES AND ENDANGERED SPECIES
NODES OF PROCESSES CONNECTED Livvosadji:
148778
148775 Description:
Árran
Original function:
Tent settlement
Type:
Settlement Area
Condition:
Intact
Description:
Árran
Original function:
Tent settlement
Type:
Settlement Area
Condition:
Intact
Municipality:
Kautokeino
Category:
Archaeological
148767
Lota lota
site
Description:
Livvosadji
Original function:
Agriculture
Type:
Settlement Area
Condition:
Intact Kautokeino Archaeological
Municipality:
Kautokeino
Municipality:
Category:
Archaeological
Category:
Coregonus lavaretus
site
site
148772
148762-1
Description:
Árran
Original function:
Tent settlement
Type:
Settlement Area
Condition:
Intact
Municipality:
Kautokeino
Category:
Archaeological site
Description:
Árran
Original function:
Tent settlement
Type:
Settlement Area
Condition:
Intact
Municipality:
Kautokeino
Category:
Archaeological single remain
Geadgeborra 148776
148770 Description:
Geadgeborra
Original function:
Hunting
Type:
Storage site
Condition:
Intact
Municipality:
Kautokeino
Category:
Archaeological
Description:
Árran
Original function:
Tent settlement
Type:
Settlement Area
Condition:
Intact
Municipality:
Kautokeino
Category:
Archaeological site
site
Eristalis gomojunovae
148779
148760 Description:
Geadgeborra
Original function:
Hunting
Type:
Storage site
Condition:
Intact
Description:
Cairn
Original function:
Defence
Type:
Uncultiv. Land
Condition:
Intact
Municipality:
Kautokeino
Category:
Archaeological
148781
site
Description:
Geadgeborra
Original function:
Hunting
Type:
Storage site
Condition:
Intact Kautokeino Archaeological
Municipality:
Kautokeino
Municipality:
Category:
Archaeological
Category:
site
148764 Description:
Geadgeborra
Original function:
Hunting
Type:
Storage site
Condition:
Intact
Municipality:
Kautokeino
Category:
Archaeological
Eahppádus: Plans of building new process plant
site
Melanitta fusca
148777 Cairn
Description:
site
Original function: Type:
Uncultiv. Land
Condition:
Intact
Municipality:
Kautokeino
Category:
Archaeological
Balloons - water damage Dás ii goassege šat šaddá ealát” There will be no more livelihood here
site
Oeneis norna Nemoura arctica
148780
148791
Biedjovággi Opera - Critical area reindeer migration will get lost Erlend text
Description:
Árran
Description:
Cairn
Original function:
Tent settlement
Original function:
Defence
Type:
Settlement Area
Type:
Uncultiv. Land
Condition:
Intact
Condition:
Intact
Municipality:
Nordeisa
Municipality:
Kautokeino
Category:
Archaeological
Category:
Archaeological site
site
148787 Carex glacialis
Description:
Árran
Original function:
Tent settlement
Type:
Settlement Area
Condition:
Intact
Municipality:
Nordreisa
Category:
Archaeological
Petrified forest: Defence cultural heritage Gulo gulo
site 148788
Description:
148792 Hunting Geadgeborra
Original function: Type:
Storage site
Condition:
Intact
Municipality:
Nordreisa
Category:
Archaeological
Description:
Árran
Original function:
Tent settlement
Type:
Settlement Area
Condition:
Intact
Municipality:
Nordeisa
Category:
Archaeological site
148790
149031 Description: 149030 Description:
Árran
Original function:
Tent settlement
Type:
Settlement Area
Condition:
Intact
Municipality:
Nordeisa
Category:
Archaeological
Original function:
Hunting
Type:
Catch pit
Condition:
Intact
Municipality:
Nordreisa
Category:
Archaeological
Description:
Árran
Original function:
Tent settlement
Type:
Settlement Area
Condition:
Intact
Municipality:
Nordreisa
Category:
Archaeological site
site
site Gavia arctica Salvelinus alpinus
Sterna paradisaea Larus canus
Siida: 149032
149033 Description:
Árran
Original function:
Tent settlement
Type:
Settlement Area
Condition:
Intact
Municipality:
Nordreisa
Category:
Archaeological site
Description:
Geadgeborra
Original function:
Hunting
Type:
Storage site
Description:
Árran
Description:
Árran
Condition:
Intact
Original function:
Tent settlement
Original function:
Tent settlement
Municipality:
Nordreisa
Type:
Settlement Area
Type:
Settlement Area
Category:
Archaeological
Condition:
Intact
Condition:
ntact
site
Municipality:
Nordreisa
Municipality:
Nordeisa
Category:
Archaeological
Category:
Archaeological
148789
site
site
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Balloons - cultural heritage
148793
Anas acuta
The Directorate for Cultural Heritage http://www.askeladden.ra.no http://artskart.artsdatabanken.no/ https://kart.reindrift.no/reinkart/ http://www.kautokeino.kommune.no http://www.nordreisa.kommune.no
1 : 20 000 0
100 m
200 m
300 m
400 m
500 m 600 m
700 m
800 m
900 m
1 km
57
Culture
January February Spring Grazing
Season Time March April
WRITING & COMPOSING
Migration
AUDITION
Winter Grazing
INTERVIEWS & GATHERING OF INFORMATION
Reindeer Herding
FUNDING
up
fo r
m
on
at i
e
gs ko l
in
hø
S
A P pp la ro w ub nn v F a it m in al pr un to sse h t iss he io g of oc din P s m pr es g (6 ub un sm im n o og of -w lic e s f p i in ra Fi ee in cip nt ac th g m in na t e k sp al p pl la th l d co e iti a n e is n n ct es
as
V aj
ng
ti
et
S
U
IK
N
IN A
N
k
is
m
Sa
ji
ad
vv os
Li
Migration
May
12
20
11
20
Arctic Gold
Events
Politics
Summer
Jun
ne
FESTIVAL
REHERSALS
r Grazing
July Migration
August rr
Á
rr
Á
an
an
ov a
e
gg
S
ra
pe
O
on )
ns ti s ul on ta ti on )
in ta lla ti
s
ie
an ds ca pe
(l
n
se
ne
an
D U
Á
P
P
Á
r w ran av es
ir
A
ce
an
D
up
Jo h
dj
ie
B
t
H
A
E
K ur
a
iid
S
r
ee
g
lin
Te l
ng
ti
et
S
nd
R ei
ry
to
S
em s un pos ic al ip al it
nt
p pl r o an ce t ss re in ad g y
n
Culling & Autum Grazing
September
24
MINERAL EXTRACTION
20
23
20
22
20
21
20
20
20
19
20
18
20
17
20
16
20
15
20
14
20
13
20
d Timeline ?
Migration
October
Winter Grazing
November December
REORIENTATIONAL EVENTS
59
The Gold Cube: Arctic Gold Expects to extract at least 4500 kg of gold from Biedjovรกggi each year . The mass of this amount of gold equates to a cube that is 65 cm * 65 cm * 65 cm. A replica of this square could be mounted in the landscape to show the contrast between the lanscape and the size of this cube.
Livvosadji: Is a plateau that serves as a resting place for reindeers during their travel through the grazing land. It is a dry and relatively flat surface with a ca 300 m diameter. It´s spatiality is always open and not completed. Performance platform
60
REORIENTATIONAL EVENTS
61
REORIENTATIONAL EVENTS
62
REORIENTATIONAL EVENTS
63
Ă rran: the fire on the hearth at the centre of the lavvu. Like the sun at the centre of cosmic life, the ĂĄrran gives warmth, security and a sense of order to the family and the siida (local community on pasture areas) gives focus to friendship and sharing. The tent settlement heritage is made visible by round fireplace with 0,5 m and consists of 6 fist-sized rocks.
REORIENTATIONAL EVENTS
64