RATIONALITY
SENSIBILITY
PORTFOLIO
KEXIN PAN Student Number:24090926 FOR UCL LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE MLA SELECTED WORKS FROM 2022-2023
Department of Landscape Architecture,Southeast University E-mail:Pankexin24@outlook.com Tel:+86 13706596166
CONTENTS
01
MEMORY OF THE STONE CITY
02
HEALING THE HOLY MOUNTAIN
03
01
ABSTRACT TRANSLATION OF HISTORY
08
"So we beat on, boats against the current, borne back ceaselessly into the past."
THE BALANCE OF CULTURAL TOURISM AND NATURE
PLASTIC KINDOM
01 MEMORY OF THE STONE CITY
14
RESILIENT PLASTIC RECYCLE COMMUNITY FOR THE SLUMS
Type: Academic Work Advisor: Xiaojun Wang Area: 19ha Location: Nanjing, China Individual Work 11/2022-01/2023,Year 4
04
05
URBAN BONDING
21
POST INFRUSTRUCTURE FOR THE CITY
OTHER WORKS COMPETITION, CONSTRUCTION, HANDICRAFT AND INTERNSHIP
27
Nanjing Stone City has a history of several thousand years, from ancient times to the present day, it has survived a series of wars and undergone many man-made restorations, thus leaving behind the spectacle of the city wall bricks intertwined with the original red sandstone of the mountain. Nowadays, the land at the foot of the stone city has become part of Nanjing's riverside green space system, and the stone city has gradually been reduced to a silent backdrop. The aim of this project is to redevelop the site, by abstracting the history and texture of the stone city into a series of spatial and paving forms by means of a narrative design, I present the history in front of people's eyes in an intuitive way, so that they can feel the history subconsciously during their recreation in the site. 1
THE RISE AND FALL OF THE STONE CITY
200M
The site has a rich history that spans thousands of years, but now it's just an ordinary waterfront park.
FROM HISTORY TO SPACE The City Wall system of Nanjing
01 Discover the site
TE
SI China
Jiangsu
History of The Stone City
BC 333|Warring States Period
The stone city was built on a mountain by the king of Chu.
05 Ruins after war
06 Restoration of the wall
Look forward to
Admiring
Intense
Pity
Introspection
Memorial wall
Sightseeing Bridge
Climbing Playground
Abstract Section → Form Space
211|Three Kindoms Period
Wars began, lasted for hundreds of years.
625|Tang Dynasty
The stone city wall was severely damaged after a series of wars.
Waterfront Trestle
2
04 During the war
Nanjing
History of the Stone City
Red sandstone from the ancient moat mixed with the park's ground.
03 Completion of the wall
Extract Feeling
Curious
Red sandstone from the mountain mixed with the bricks.
02 Start to build
1369|Ming Dynasty
1988|Contemporary
The moat was diverted and the foot A Large-scale restoration work of the wall became a village. began.
Resting Bench
Amphi-theater&Memorial Pool
2022|Now
The stone city has been transformed into a park. 3
FROM TEXTURE TO PAVEMENT Texture of the Stone City Wall
Different Intersection Modes
Different Pavement Forms
CONSTRUCTION PROCESS Step 1: Remove Sandstone From the Site
MASTER PLAN Continious Sections
Intact
Step 2: Pile Up Sands to Reshape the Terrain
F
Stripe
E
Staggered
Step 3: Use the Removed Sandstone as Retaining Wall
Blocky
Step 4: Add Pavement and Restore the Plantation Intersperse 4
D
Legend A
Roaming on the Riverbed
B
First glance from Distance
C
Walking through the Gate
D
Playing among the rocks
E
Travelling between the Ruins
F
Recalling by the pool Red Sandstone
C
B
A
Grass Water 5
WINDING THROUGH THE SITE
FEELING THE HISTORY
A Roaming on the Riverbed
B First Glance from Distance
C Walking through the Gate
D Playing among the Rocks
E Travelling between the Ruins
F Recalling by the Pool
D
3D PRINTED MODEL
F
B
A C 6
E 7
THE PLIGHT OF THE HOLY MOUNTAIN
Niushou Mountain located in Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, and it's originally a forest park rich in natural resources and species. However, in the early 21st century, due to the excavation of the Buddha's top bone relics, a Buddhist Palace was built on top of the mountain to house this sacred object, turnning the forest park into a holy mountain, which inevitably led to conflicts between unreasonable construction for Buddhist cultural tourism, human activities and the mountain's original natural environment.
Development timeline of Niushou Mountain
1995
Opened to visitors as a forest park
2012
2015
02 HEALING THE HOLY MOUNTAIN
Longquan Temple
How to balance cultural tourism and natural environment?
Buddha's Palace Inscriptions on precipices LEGEND
Buddhist tower
Green Spaces Guanyin Temple
Niushou Mountain is one of the three sacred Buddhist sites in Nanjing city, but it is also a forest park with abundant natural resources. As a result, there is an inevitable conflict between the large number of tourists, pilgrims and the local ecosystem. This project seeks to find a way to build a balance between the booming Buddhist cultural tourism and the natural environment of Niushou Mountain by landscape planning and eco-strategies based on GIS analysis.
8
SITE
Buddha's Palace
Individual Work 03/2023-06/2023,Year 4
At the same time, the project build a sacred path for the visitors, which not only shows the rich natural resources of Niushou Mountain, but also allows pilgrims to experience the different realms of Buddhist culture and their way to the Buddha's palace.
Prospects for Ecological Cultural Tourism
Xitian Temple Cemetery
"Everything has a spirit, the grass has a heart"
Type: Academic Work Advisor: Yuning Chen Area: 500ha Location: Nanjing, China
Now-2050
Ecological environment was damaged
Began the construction of Buddha's Palace
Unreasonable constructions
Buddhist Sights Main Buddhist temple Hongjue Temple
Habitat damage
Lack of pilgrim's guidance and facilities
Degradation of the vegetation
9
GIS BASED ECO-STRATEGY:FROM FACTORS TO PLANNING LEGEND
The project uses GIS analysis tools as a basis for the landscape planning to minimize the damage of construction and balance the cultural tourism and ecology. Seven basic factors are selected to analyse the ecological sensibility and the suitability of construction.
Extremely sensitive Sensitive Weak
Ecological Sensitivity Assessment
LAND-TYPE CLASSIFICATION AND THEIR MAIN ISSUES
MASTER PLAN
Lawn
Wetland
Construction
A WIND CAMP
Tree Cutting
Trampling
Littering
Over-construction
B VALLEY OF WISDOM This area provides visitors
with cultural museums and resting stations.
Slope Gradient 9.95% Slope Direction 25.53% Basin Buffer 2.24%
C NATURE'S DELIGHT
This area mainly serves as natural reserves and has several viewpoints.
D THE SACRED PATH
This area provides pilgrims with a monumental path to the Buddhist palace.
Waterbody Buffer 6.72% Current Landuse 5.60%
NATURE PROTECTION
LEGEND
Suitable for Construction Able to Construction Unsuitable for Construction
Construction Suitability Assessment
Forest Degradation
Habitat Damage
Water Pollution
Soil Erosion
CONSTUCTION STRATEGIES FOR DIFFERENT LAND-TYPES
Viewing bridge
CULTURAL TOURISM
Large-scale constructions such as the Visitor Centre are built in areas suitable for construction, which has also adopted certain ecological strategies.
This area provides visitors with gathering spaces and torism services.
Forest
Vegetation Cover 44.78% Elevation 5.18%
• Remove extremely sensitive areas • Remove the high pressure corridor
Typical Section Section 1
Grass swale
A
Lawn ecological area
Section 2
Construction ecological area
In ecological sensitive areas, elevated trails are used primarily to separate visitors from wildlife habitats.
Birdwatching Tower Planting design for water purification&soil retaining
Campsite
Grass swale for water purification&soil retaining
Elevation 4.28% Slope Gradient 7.95% Slope Direction 30.31% Basin Buffer 8.35%
Trestle bridge
Viewing Platform
Rain garden
Retention pond
Tree Box
Visitor center
Drainage
Retaining wall
C
B
Current Landuse 40.02%
• Pick out construction sites • Pick out entrances and exits
LEGEND
Primary Roads Secondary Roads Tertiary Roads
Viewing Bridge
Campsite
Rain garden
Section 3
The wetland minimise human intervention in nature mainly through facility construction such as building the viewing platforms.
ECO-CULTURAL TOURISM PLANNING D
Tourism Route Selection Cost Grade 50%
Seven Basic Factors Vegetation Cover <20% 20%-60% >60%
10
Elevation
<50m 50-100m >100m
Site Selection 50% Slope Gradient <5% 5%-15% >15%
Slope Direction
Basin Buffer
Waterbody Buffer
Current Landuse
0° -120° 120° -240° 240° -360°
>150m 50m-150m <50m
<10m 10m-50m >50m
Buildup Undeveloped Protected
2020-2030 Nature restoration
2030-2040 Buiding main roads
2040-2050 Adding tourism facilities
Forest ecological area
Viewing Platform
Retention Pond
Wetland ecological area
11
REGIONAL DESIGN:THE SACRED PATH
The Sacred Path provides guidance and facilities for pilgrims on their journey to the Buddha's Palace.
A plaza in front of the Buddha's Palace
ECO-CULTURAL BUDDHIST TOURISM
Buddhism emphasises that "everything has a spirit" and that nature is an integral part of Buddhist culture. On this "Sacred Path", visitors pass through a series of spaces, which let them feel the joy, tranquillity, solemnity and consummation conveyed by Buddhist culture.Through landscape design, this process allows visitors to maintain a certain distance from nature, yet all the time in the experience of the natural world of life.
Weather-resistant steel scrolls symbolising Buddhist scriptures run throughout the plaza, the mounds of stones are walls of mani with religious symbols omitted
01 Consummation before the Palace Tranquility of Meditation Joy of Nature
Solemnity of Viewing 02 Viewpoint to the Buddha's Palace
Retaining walls made of rusty red steel plates guide the visitor's eye and respond to the ever-changing terrain
A Place for Rest and Meditation
Grass tiles not only shape the lawn but also allow rainwater to infiltrate
03
04
FOREST RECOVER AND SPECIES INCREASE Albizzia julibrissin
Liriodendron Chinense
Taxodium distichum
Native Plants LEGEND 01 Buddhist Plaza
04 Elevated Walkway 12
Tiger trapdoor butterfly Ginkgo
Chipmunk
Potential Habitats
02 Viewing Tower 03 Meditation Pool
Metasequoia
Cedar
Experience within Preserved Forest
The timber for the elevated path is sourced from native species
Azure-winged magpie Liquidambar
Black bird
Fire fly Sapium sebiferum
Hare
Taraxacum mongolicum Linden
Crucian carp
Egret Cinnamomum camphora
13
PASIG RIVER FACING PLASTIC CRISIS
03 PLASTIC KINDOM
"My gaze reaches out to the edge of the vast ocean, and embraces the dangerous realms of the solid earth." Type: Academic Work Advisor: Jieping Chen Area: 50ha Location: Manila, Mexico Individual Work 04/2022-06/2022,Year 3 Plastic pollution is a global issue, every year there is a huge amount of plastic waste being discharged from the land into the ocean, and the Philippines have been worst hit by it. The 27 km long Pasig river cutting through the Philippine capital Manila was once a vital trade route,but severe plastic pollution and poor sewage planning have left the river all but dead. By studying the plastic recycling process, the project hopes to envision a "mechanical landscape" that will harness the tides to capture plastics in the Pasig River estuary, while at the same time involving the local slum community, provide them with plastic recycle facilities, ecological improvement and better living space. 14
Philippine Islands
Plastic Handling
Slums
Capital Manila
Based on measured data, the rivermouth has the highest instantaneous plastic flux, and is a mandatory route for Pasig River plastics being emitted to the sea.
Pasig River
The average daily transport of plastics in the Pasig River is nearly 200 tonnes, making it the largest source of marine plastic waste in the world. This is partly because only 1% of Manila's plastic wastes are being recycled.
SITE
Pasig River
There are over 100 slum communities along the Pasig river, these informal settlements have become a main victim of the plastic pollution, and are not equipped with any sewage system, exposing their residents to health threats.
Instantaneous plastic flux at eight measuring points on the Pasig River
Manila Bay
N 1km
Slums Measuring Point
15
SITE CONTEXT
FRAMEWORK AND THREE SPACIAL STRATEGY
THREE PROBLEMS
Manila International Container Terminal
I.Plastic Pollution
Water purification process
Floating plastic are stranded in the river mouth under the influence of tides and continue to accumulate, seriously affecting the river's water quality and coastal ecosystems.
Slum Ebb tide
Plastic recycling process
Slum Community
II.Poor Living Condition
Flood tide
Slum
Port Area
500m
Earn money for food,clothes,vehicles on their own.
The slums along the bank have high population and poor living condition, with many shacks sprawling out into the water and even children swimming in the plastic-laden river.
III.Eco-damage
Plastic accumulation
Th e r e cl a m a ti o n p r o j e cts l e ft engineered hard barge behind,it has high elevation difference, poor accessibility to the water, and destroys the original mangrove habitats and wetlands.
Slum community Hard shoreline
WHAT IF SLUM COMMUNITY ENGAGE IN PLASTIC RECYCLING? BEFORE:
"I used to be a fisherman, but the fish are dying. I need a new job."
AFTER: "I have nowhere to play……"
"Now I have a decent job for a living."
"The mangroves are back!"
"Finally got enough space to play!"
Plastic recycle units
Hard barge and high housing density not only prevent community members from recycling plastics, but also leave no space for activity and recreation. 16
Offer a new riverbed morphology to trap the plastics in the shallows, making it easier for the community to collect them, and also provides ecological function and wider space for human activity.
Ecological units Living units 17
PLASTIC RECYCLE FACILITY FOR THE SLUM COMMUNITY
THE GIANT "PLASTIC CATCHER" LANDFORM FORMATION
Orig
inal
Ebb tide Tide
Res ha with pe the Sed Rive r ime nt. bed
NATURE RESTORATIION
Mod
ified
Tide
Flood tide
Scene 1
Residents of the slum community are collecting stranded plastics on the beach.
Dire
ction
Scene 2
Plastics are being cleaned in the ponds of mangrove nursery and dried in the open spaces around them.
The cleaned and dried plastics are being transported to the workshops where they are manual processed and sold to people.
4 7
Res to Nati re ve E co
8
3
1
6
syst
em
2
5
Scene 3
N
DETAIL CONSTRUCTION 18
Scene 3
Roa
d Co
nstr
uctio
n
Add In Hum frastruc an A ture ctivi for ty
0
50
150
1.Sandbars 2.Mangrove Nursery 3.Purification Ponds 4.Retention Ponds 5.Stepped Wetlands 6.Workshop Neighbourhood 7.Public Plaza 8.Rainwater Filter
Scene 2
350m
Scene 1
19
WATER LEVEL FLUCTUATION
High
Leve
l_14
M
At high tide, the water level in the estuary rises and the current carries plastic waste into the site.
Med
ium
Low
Leve
l_ 13
M
When the water level starts to drop, the larger particles of plastic waste are the first to become stranded in the shallows.
MODEL MAKING AND CIRCULATION EXPRESSION The model use the foam board to print out the slum community and shape of the landform, indicate the flow of the site by pulling the fine lines.
Leve
l:_12
M
At low tide, the water level in the estuary is at its lowest, which is the best time for the community members to start collecting plastics.
04 URBAN BONDING
"The city is like a net, at the two ends of which are highrise metropolises; but in the middle, there are thousands of neglected coners" Type: Academic Work Advisor: Conghui Zhou Area:6ha Location: Shanghai, China Individual Work 09/2022-10/2022,Year 4 With the rapid development of cities, the transport options available to people are becoming more and more diverse, but at the same time, due to irrational transport planning, many spaces in the city are fragmented, with a variety of transport facilities cutting up the neighbourhoods and complicating the otherwise simple commute. Shanghai is a highly urbanised metropolis, but there are many neglected places in it. This project focuses on a transport hub in Hongkou District, Shanghai, which is chaotic and fragmented due to complex commuting and heavy pedestrian flow. The design discusses the possibility of reconnecting isolated nodes within the site and seeks the optimal paths through woolly algorithms, while creating a place for public activity with diverse possibilities.
20
21
project is located between Hongkou Football Stadium and Commercial SITE CONTEXT The complex, where Line 3 and Line 8 intersect, gathering people flow.
SPACE STRATEGY: RE-BOND THE SEPARATED NODES
SITE ISSUES
Generate planar morphology
PATH OPTIMIZATION WITH WOOL ALGORITHM Wool Bonding Phenomenon
RESIDENTIAL AREA
UP AND DOWN & DETOUR Sometimes people have to climb up and down or make detours to get where they want to go.
Select the important nodes based on site analysis.
Connect nodes to nodes to form paths.
Apply the algorithm to draw the lines together.
Obtain the final most logical path result within the site.
Remove the paths that are trivial or difficult to build
Identify the basic pattern
Converge streamlines
Adjust joints to the ground and the station
Simulation
Y
W LO IENC FIC
EF
COMMERCIAL COMPLEX
The aerial metro station and the road barriers isolate various important nodes, especially on the east and west sides of the crossroads.
N
FOOTBALL STADIUM
DISTRICT ISOLATION
CO PO NN OR EC TIO
METRO LINE 8
Wool Algorithm Application Process When loosely interfaced wool (left) was dipped into water and slowly lifted out, it obtains wet wool (right) which was held together by the tension between them, creating a variety of morphological changes that transformed into a single overlap.
OFFICE AREA GREEN SPACE
RESIDENTIAL AREA
POOR EXPERIENCE
N
CROWDED AND CHAOTIC
RESIDENTIAL AREA
METRO LINE 3
01
Node Selection
02
Selection
Low space utilization and lack of living facilities make the site unable to undertake the large number of people from the neighbourhood.
METRO ENTRANCES
03
Reinventing the vertical commute
SEPERATED NODES AND CONFUSING WALKING ROUTINE 04
Calculate the Minimum Path Line3 Station
06
Selected Result
SPACE INSERT
Can we Connect these places Directly and Smoothly?
Shopping Mall
05
Simulation Results
?
Football Stadium
Commuting Space
Activity Space
Public Plaza
Dining Area
Line8 Entrance
22
Pass
Intersection
Spiral
Air Garden
Skatepark
Stair Theatre
Branch
Shelter
Platform
Sport Stand
Grass Slope
Stripe Bench
Space above and below
Sports Field
23
MASTER PLAN
CONNECTION SYSTEM Bridge - Metro Station Bridge - Shopping Mall & Football Stadium Bridge - Ground
SCENERIOS Metro Line
Plantation Layer
6
METRO LINE3
FOOTBALL STADIUM
Flowing Commuting Space
The commuting space is a flowing surface consists of mild slopes and air gardens, allowing people to cross site elevation differences without hindrance.
5
SHOPPING MALL
4
Concrete Bridge 3
SPORTS FIELD
1
N
Legend
1.Sport stand 2.Grass Slope 3.Stair theatre 0M
24
20M
40M
2
4.Stripe Bench 5.Skatepark 6.Air garden 100M
Three-dimensional Connection System
The bridge design can be divided into three parts: the flowing surface linking subway station with city in three high levels, the combination of plants and paving on the surface, and activity spaces that are well connected to the existing facilities on the site. By constructing such a three-dimensial bridge between the Hongkou Football Stadium and the Shopping Mall, I hope to not only meet the basic commuting needs of citizens but also creating a space full of possibilities and well-ordered.
Underbridge Actvity Space
The space under the bridge is a place of infinite possibilities, where a variety of gatherings and social behaviours take place. 25
05 OTHER WORKS
REBUILT SECTION: ORGANICALLY CONNECT THE SEPERATED NODES Football Stadium
Line3 Station
Shopping Mall
Ⅰ COMPETITION PROJECT
Ⅱ CONSTRUCTION
2022 THE 6TH CUC CUP International University Student Architecture Design Competition
Meian Wooden Structure Construction
Responsible for 25% of conceptual design, drawing, layout design, and modeling
Responsible for cutting and building wood components and waxing doors and windows
LIFE OF BLOSSOM - Future Community Hospice Center
Dining Area
Sports Field
Ⅲ HANDICRAFT
Physical Model of Courtyard House Design
Individual Work
Individual Work
Spatial Thinking Workshop -Plaster Casts
Model: Bird View
The design and the city map base are seperated in the 3D printed model, and the shape is smooth and unstrained. 26
Model: Axon View
The connection of separated sites is well illustrated by 3D Model. From the flowing surface winding down to skatepark. 27
Ⅳ PROFESSIONAL PRACTICE Internship In Landscape Design Department of Hongzheng Engineering Design Group Responsible for 50% of analytical and construction drawings
'I leave to various future times, my garden of forking paths.' —— Jorge Luis Borges
Master Plan Dimensioned Drawing
This quote is an excerpt from a short story by one of my favourite authors, and it also articulates my perception of landscape architecture：The multidimensional role it plays in addressing real-world issues while still encompassing the artistic dimension that enhances the human experience within these spaces.
Waterfront Wooden Trestle Size Plane
Waterfront Wooden Trestle Structure Drawing
KEXIN PAN Student Number:24090926 Location Analysis and Master Plan 28
Waterfront Wooden Trestle Cross Section
Waterfront Wooden Trestle Timber Bench
E-mail:Pankexin24@outlook.com Tel:+86 13706596166