Matholia Mathematics Primary 1A

M AT H E M AT I C S Workt ext

1A

for learners 6 - 7 years old

Aligned to the US Common Core State Standards

Matholia Mathematics Matholia Mathematics is a series covering levels K-6 and is fully aligned to the United States Common Core State Standards (USCCSS). Each level consists of two books (Book A and Book B) and combines textbook-style presentation of concepts as well as workbook practice.

Central to the USCCSS is the promotion of problem-solving skills and reasoning.

Matholia Mathematics achieves this by teaching and presenting concepts through a problem-solving based pedagogy and using the concrete-pictorial-abstract (CPA) approach. Learners acquire knowledge and understanding of concepts through a guided progression beginning with concrete examples and experiences which then flow into pictorial representations and finally mastery at the abstract and symbolic level. This approach ensures that learners develop a fundamental understanding of concepts rather than answering questions by learned procedures and algorithms.

Key features of the series include:

Anchor Task Open-ended activities serve as the starting point for understanding new concepts. Learners engage in activities and discussions to form concrete experiences before the concept is formalized.

1

Number Bonds

Making Number Bonds Anchor Task

3 2

Let’s Learn

Adding 3 Numbers

Concepts are presented in a clear and colorful manner. Worked problems provide learners with guided step-by-step progression through examples. Series mascots provide guidance through helpful comments and observations when new concepts are introduced.

We can use doub les to help add 3 numbers.

How many cupca kes are there in all?

Let’s Learn We can add 3 numb ers in any order.

How many cubes are there in all?

2

2+6+3=8+3 = 11 There are 11 cubes

6

6

Let’s put together and count.

Double 6 is 12.

Now add 3.

6

3 3 6 + 6 + 3 = 12 + 3 = 15 There are 15 cupca kes altogether.

11

We can make 10 to help add 3 numb ers.

How many fruits are there altogether?

altogether.

You can use a number line to help you add.

8 4

8 and 2 make 10.

Now add 4.

2 1 212

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12 13

8 + 4 + 2 = 10 + 4 = 14

213

iii

Let’s Practice

r of pencils. Fill in the 2. Find the total numbe

Let’s Practice 1.

blanks.

(a)

Fill in the blanks. (a)

Learners demonstrate their understanding of concepts through a range of exercises and problems to be completed in a classroom environment.

Questions provide a varying degree of guidance and scaffolding as learners progress to mastery of the concepts.

.

ones is

ten and

.

make

30 and

pencils in all.

There are

(b) (b) .

ones is

ten and (c)

ones is

ten and

.

pencils in all.

There are ones is

ten and

.

make

and

(d)

.

17

At Home

16

1.

Complete the numb er story.

2. Complete the number stories.

At Home Further practice designed to be completed without the guidance of a teacher. Exercises and problems in this section follow on from those completed under Let’s Practice.

(a) There are

toys.

are on the shelf. are on the floor.

There are

ducks.

(b) There are

ducks are in the water . ducks are on the 36

toys.

toys are teddy bears

.

grass.

toys are dolls.

Hands On 37

Play this game in pairs.

Hands On Learners are encouraged to ‘learn by doing’ through the use of group activities and the use of mathematical manipulatives.

1.

Each player puts a counter

on ‘Start’.

Move your counter the 2. Take turns in rolling a dice. on the dice. number of spaces shown equation. If you answer 3. Answer the subtraction back to the start. incorrectly, move your counter is the winner!

The first player to the finish

15 – 8

12 – 6

15 – 9

13 – 9 16 – 9 11 – 3 13 – 5

11 – 6

14 – 5 14 – 6

15 – 7

16 – 8

17 – 8 14 – 6

12 – 5

18 – 9 11 – 8

13 – 7 17 – 9

Solve it!

14 – 8 15 – 8

12 – 4

12 – 9

1.

11 – 7

Fill in the missing numb ers. (a)

16 – 7

Look! 8 + 1 = 9 What’s the rule?

11

Solve It!

259

2

9

258

1

1

8

(b)

Activities that require learners to apply logical reasoning and problem-solving. Problems are often posed which do not have a routine strategy for solving them. Learners are encouraged to think creatively and apply a range of problem-solving heuristics.

(c)

9 7

3 2

10 1

5

5

(d)

0

(e)

6

14

2

2

5

8

204 205

Looking Back Consolidated practice where learners demonstrate their understanding on a range of concepts taught within a unit.

3. Compare the sets. Fill in the blanks.

Looking Back 1.

Set B

Set A

Count on in tens.

40

50

70

80

60 90

dots.

Set A has

tens is less than

2. Count and complete.

Set B has

dots.

tens.

< 4. Check the smaller number. (a)

53

55

(b)

8

17

5. Write > or < to compare the numbers.

and There are

(a)

22

.

(c)

9

pencils in all.

(e)

53

make

12 91 50

14

(b)

4

(d)

43

47

(f)

70

83

45 44

iv

Contents 1 Number Bonds

2 2 32

2 Addition to 10

44 46 77 86

Making Number Bonds Number Stories Adding by Counting On Vertical Addition Addition Word Problems

3 Subtraction Within 10

94 96 110 140 148

4 Addition to 20

158 162 174 186 196 212 219

Subtracting by Taking Away Subtracting by Counting Back Vertical Subtraction Subtraction Word Problems Adding by Counting On Adding by Making 10 Doubles and Near Doubles 1-digit and 2-digit Addition Adding 3 Numbers Addition Word Problems

5 Subtraction Within 20

Subtracting by Counting Back Subtracting by Making 10 Subtraction Word Problems

226 1228 240 270

v

1

Number Bonds

Making Number Bonds Anchor Task

2

3

Let’s Learn Halle has 4 red balloons.

Wyatt has 3 green balloons.

part

part

Let’s put the balloons together.

part whole

4

whole

part

7

3

4 and 3 make 7.

There are 7 balloons in all.

4

4 rabbits are eating.

2 rabbits join them. part

2

whole

part

6

4 4 and 2 make 6.

There are 6 rabbits in all.

There are 4 pink cubes.

There are 6 blue cubes.

4 4 and 6 make 10.

There are 10 cubes in all.

6

part

part

4

6 10 whole

5

Let’s use number bonds to show some ways to make 7.

3

4 7

3 and 4 make 7.

2

5 7

2 and 5 make 7.

6

1 7

6 and 1 make 7.

6

Let’s use a number balance to show 3 ways to make 10.

3

7 10 7 and 3 make 10.

1

9 10 9 and 1 make 10.

4

6 10 6 and 4 make 10.

7

Let’s Practice 1. Complete the number bonds. (a)

1 3 2

(b)

(c)

8

(d)

(e)

(f)

9

2. Complete the number bonds. (a)

2 4 2 There are

4

bees in all.

(b)

There are

ants in all.

There are

butterflies in all.

(c)

10

(d)

There are

frogs in all.

There are

dragonflies in all.

There are

fish in all.

(e)

(f)

11

3. Draw the missing dots and complete the number bonds of 5. (a)

1

4 5

(b)

3 5 (c)

4 5

12

4. Fill in the blanks. Complete the number bonds of 6. (a)

6 4

2

(b)

6

(c)

6

(d)

6

13

5. Fill in the blanks. Complete the number bonds of 7. (a)

7 1

6

(b)

7

(c)

(d)

14

6. Fill in the blanks. Complete the number bonds of 8. (a)

8 and

make 8.

(b)

8 and

make 8.

(c)

8 and

make 8.

(d)

8 and

make 8.

15

7. Fill in the blanks. Complete the number bonds of 9. (a)

and

make 9.

and

make 9.

and

make 9.

(b)

(c)

16

(d)

and

make

.

and

make

.

and

make

.

(e)

(f)

17

8. Fill in the blanks. Complete the number bonds of 10. (a)

and

make 10.

and

make 10.

and

make 10.

(b)

(c)

18

(d)

and

make

.

and

make

.

and

make

.

(e)

(f)

19

Hands On Play this game in groups of 3 or 4.

1. Place number cards on your table.

2. Listen to your teacher.

3. Find the cards to make the number bond.

4. How many ways can you make the number bond?

20

Solve It! 1. Jordan places 7 counters on his notebook.

He covers some of the counters.

How many counters did he cover?

Make a number bond to find the answer.

7

Jordan covered 2.

counters.

Michelle places 9 counters on her notebook.

She covers some of the counters.

How many counters did she cover?

Make a number bond to find the answer.

9

Michelle covered

counters.

21

At Home 1. Complete the number bonds. (a)

3 5 2 There are

5

in all.

(b)

There are

in all.

There are

in all.

(c)

22

(d)

There are

in all.

There are

in all.

There are

in all.

(e)

(f)

23

2. Complete the number bonds. (a)

and

make 10.

and

make 10.

(b)

24

(c)

and

make 10.

and

make 10.

(d)

25

3. Complete the number bonds of 6. (a) (b)

5

1

4 6

6 (c) (d)

2

6 (e) (f)

0

6 26

1 6 3

4. Complete the number bonds of 7. (a) (b)

3

6

7 (c) (d)

2

7

0 7

7 (e) (f)

4

5

7 27

5. Complete the number bonds of 8. (a) (b)

2

4 8

8 (c) (d)

1

8 (e) (f)

3

8 28

6 8 8

6. Complete the number bonds of 9. (a) (b)

3

1

9 (c) (d)

5

9

0 9

9 (e) (f)

4

2

9 29

7 . Complete the number bonds of 10. (a) (b)

6

7

10

10

(c) (d)

5

10

10 (e) (f)

1

10 30

1

0

Solve It! How many cubes in all?

Complete the number bond to find the answer. (a)

,

There are

and

make

.

cubes in all.

(b)

,

There are

and

make

.

cubes in all.

31

Number Stories Let’s Learn Let’s make a number story.

The monkeys are playing in the forest.

4 monkeys are in the tree.

3 monkeys are on the ground.

There are 7 monkeys in all.

32

4 7 3

Let’s Practice 1. Complete the number story.

There are

squirrels.

squirrels are eating. squirrels are sleeping.

33

2. Complete the number stories.

(a) There are

are boys.

are girls.

(b) There are

children.

children.

children are standing.

children are sitting.

34

3. Draw animals.

Make your own number story.

35

At Home 1. Complete the number story.

There are

ducks.

ducks are in the water. ducks are on the grass.

36

2. Complete the number stories.

(a) There are

toys.

are on the shelf.

are on the floor.

(b) There are

toys.

toys are teddy bears.

toys are dolls.

37

Solve It! 1. How many turtles are on land?

How many turtles are in the water?

How many turtles are there in all?

4 4

38

0

2. Use the table to write the different number of turtles that can be in and out of the water.

Turtles out of the water

Turtles in the water

39

Looking Back 1. Complete the number bond. (a)

(b)

(c)

(d)

40

2. Complete the number bond. (a)

(b)

(c)

(d)

41

3. Fill in the blanks. Complete the number bond. (a)

and

make

.

and

make

.

(b)

42

4. Complete the number stories. (a)

There are

chickens.

There are

rabbits.

There are

animals in all.

(b)

books are on the shelf.

books are on the floor.

There are

books in all.

43

2

Addition to 10

Anchor Task

44

45

Adding by Counting On Let’s Learn There are 4 blue cubes and 3 yellow cubes.

How many cubes are there in all?

Let’s put the cubes together and count.

1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7.

4 7 3 4 and 3 make 7.

4+3=7 There are 7 cubes in all.

46

Count on from the greater number.

How many apples in all?

6 8 6

7

2

8

6 and 2 make 8.

6+2=8 There are 8 apples in all.

How many flowers in all?

7

7 and 3 make 10.

7 + 3 = 10 There are 10 flowers in all.

8

9

10

7 10 3 47

Let’s Practice 1. Put together and count. (a)

3

+

There are

2

=

5

5 cubes in all.

(b)

+

=

There are

cubes in all.

(c)

+

=

There are

cubes in all.

(d)

+ There are 48

= cubes in all.

(e)

+

=

There are

cubes in all.

(f)

+

=

There are

cubes in all.

(g)

+

=

There are

cubes in all.

(h)

+ There are

= cubes in all.

49

2. Put together and count. (a)

2

+

3

=

(b)

+

=

+

=

+

=

(c)

(d)

50

5

(e)

+

=

+

=

+

=

+

=

(f)

(g)

(h)

51

3. Add by counting on from the greater number. (a)

3

4

+

=

+

=

(b)

52

5

(c)

+

=

+

=

(d)

53

Hands On Play this game in pairs!

1. Pick a card.

What is 5 + 3?

2. Show it to your partner. Have them add aloud by counting on.

5, 6, 7, 8.

5 + 3 is 8.

3. Switch roles and let your partner pick a card.

54

Solve It! Where is the bee?

1

1.

2

4

3

6

7

8

9

10

The bee starts on flower 2 and flies forward 2 flowers.

Where is the bee now?

Write an addition equation. +

=

The bee is on flower 2.

5

now.

The bee flies forward 4 more flowers.

Where is the bee now?

Write an addition equation. +

=

The bee is on flower

now.

55

At Home 1 . Add by counting on from the greater number.

Complete the number bond. (a)

4 6 2

+

=

+

=

(b)

56

(c)

+

=

+

=

(d)

57

2. Color the dots a different color for each number.

Complete the equation. (a)

1+3= (b)

3+4= (c)

6+2= (d)

9+0=

58

4

(e)

5+5= (f)

7+3= (g)

3+5= (h)

2+7= (i)

5+4= 59

Let’s Practice 1. Complete the number bond.

Write 2 addition equations. (a)

= 5

4

+ 4 = 5

1

4 + 1

1

(b)

60

+

=

+

=

5

(c)

+

=

+

=

+

=

+

=

(d)

61

2. Use the numbers to make 2 addition equations.

Make a number bond. (a)

3

+

4

=

7

3

4

+

3

=

7

4

(b) +

=

+

=

+

=

+

=

+

=

+

=

(c)

(d)

62

7

(e) +

=

+

=

+

=

+

=

+

=

+

=

+

=

+

=

(f)

(g)

(h)

63

Hands On Play this game in groups of 4!

1. Player 1 chooses 2 cards.

2. Players 2, 3 and 4 write a number bond and 2 addition equations.

3. The first player to finish chooses the next cards!

64

Solve It! 1. Use these numbers to make 4 addition equations.

+

=

+

=

+

=

+

=

2. Use these numbers to make 5 addition equations.

+

=

+

=

+

=

+

=

+

=

65

At Home 1. Use 2 different colors to show ways to make 5. (a)

3

+

2

=

(b)

+

=

+

=

+

=

(c)

(d)

66

5

2. Use 2 different colors to show ways to make 6. (a)

+

=

+

=

+

=

+

=

(b)

(c)

(d)

67

3. Use 2 different colors to show ways to make 7. (a)

+

=

+

=

+

=

+

=

(b)

(c)

(d)

68

4. Use 2 different colors to show ways to make 8. (a)

+

=

+

=

+

=

+

=

(b)

(c)

(d)

69

5. Use 2 different colors to show ways to make 9. (a)

+

=

+

=

+

=

+

=

(b)

(c)

(d)

70

6. Use 2 different colors to show ways to make 10. (a)

+

=

+

=

+

=

+

=

(b)

(c)

(d)

71

7. Match the kites to the children to make 6.

4

1

3

5

0

3

2

1

6

5

8. Match the monkeys to the bananas to make 7.

1

0 72

4

3

7

3

5

4

6

2

9. Match the bees to the beehives to make 8.

0

4

5

2

7

3

1

6

8

4

10.

Match the mice to the cheese to make 9.

5

9

3

2

1

6

8

7

0

4 73

11. Match the letters to mailboxes to make 10.

74

2

3

5

8

7

6

9

5

4

1

Hands On Play this game in pairs.

1. Place 10 counters on your table.

2. Player 1 closes their eyes. Player 2 hides some counters under a cup.

3. Player 1 opens their eyes and says how many counters are under the cup.

4. A player gets 1 point if they are correct.

5. Switch rolls. The first player to get 5 correct is the winner.

75

Hands On Play this game in pairs.

1. Each player puts a counter on ‘Start’.

2. Take turns in rolling a dice. Move your counter forward the number of spaces shown on the dice.

3. Answer the addition equation. If you answer incorrectly, move your counter back to the start.

The first player to the finish is the winner!

1+8

3+2

2+8

5+2

2+4

1+3 1+3

2+6

6+3 1+6

1+9

8+2

5+5 3+3

0+3 2+7

4+5

4+4

4+1 0+3

5+3

76

2+2

6+0

10 + 0

3+7

Vertical Addition Let’s Learn Add the dots.

We can add across, like this.

5+1=6

We can also add down, like this.

5 + 1 6 77

Let’s Practice 1. Add. (a)

3 +

1 4

(b)

+

(c)

+

(d)

+

78

(e)

+

(f)

+

(g)

+

(h)

+

79

2. Add. (a)

2 + 1

(b)

3 + 2

(c)

5 + 5

(d)

6 + 3

(e)

5 + 2

(f)

6 + 4

(g)

4 + 0

(h)

9 + 0

(i)

2 + 2

(j)

2 + 4

(k)

3 + 4

(l)

8 + 1

(m)

5 + 1

(n)

2 + 0

(o)

3 + 7

80

At Home 1. Add. (a) 1 + 2 =

(b) 5 + 2 =

(c) 4 + 2 =

(d) 0 + 6 =

(e) 5 + 3 =

(f) 8 + 2 =

(g) 4 + 6 =

(h) 4 + 5 =

(i) 1 + 7 =

(j) 3 + 1 =

(k) 6 + 3 =

(l) 4 + 3 =

(m) 3 + 3 =

(n) 3 + 2 =

(o) 6 + 2 =

(p) 1 + 9 =

(q) 0 + 10 =

(r) 7 + 3 =

(s) 4 + 6 =

(t) 5 + 5 =

81

2. Add. (a)

8 + 0

(b)

4 + 4

(c)

7 + 1

(d)

6 + 1

(e)

3 + 6

(f)

4 + 6

(g)

6 + 0

(h)

1 + 8

(i)

2 + 5

(j)

5 + 5

(k)

4 + 3

(l)

3 + 3

(m)

1 + 1

(n)

0 + 3

(o)

3 + 7

82

3. Fill in the missing numbers. (a) 4 + (c)

=6 +2=7

(b) 7 + (d)

=7 +8=9

(e) 2 +

=8

(f) 4 +

=9

(g) 3 +

=9

(h) 4 +

= 10

(i) (k) 1 + (m)

+ 5 = 10 =9 + 2 = 10

(j) (l) 3 + (n)

(o) 4 +

=8

(p) 5 +

(q) 7 +

=9

(r) 10 +

(s)

+3=7

(t)

+5=6 =6 +2=4 =8 = 10 +3=4

83

Solve It! Fill in the blanks.

What is the rule? (a)

1

3

2

2 The rule is (b)

4 +1

3

6

6

84

3

.

2

The rule is

5

5 .

4

9

(c)

3

5

5

7

The rule is

.

(d)

3

4

8 The rule is

4

8

6

2

7

6

6

.

85

Addition Word Problems Let’s Learn Halle has 2 apples.

She also has 3 bananas.

How many fruits does Halle have in all?

2 5 3 2+3=5 Halle has 5 fruits in all.

There are 4 chocolate ice creams.

There are 4 strawberry ice creams.

How many ice creams are there in all?

4 8 4 4+4=8 There are 8 ice creams in all.

86

Let’s make 2 addition stories.

There are 3 boys.

There are 7 girls.

3 + 7 = 10 There are 10 children in all.

There are 5 children in the blue team.

There are 5 children in the yellow team.

5 + 5 = 10 There are 10 children in all.

3 10 7 5 10 5

87

Let’s Practice 1.

There are

toy cars.

There are

toy trains.

+

=

There are

toys in all.

2.

Riley has

flowers.

Keira gives her + Riley has 88

more flowers.

= flowers in all.

3.

Blake spots +

ladybugs and

ants.

=

Blake spots

animals in all.

4.

Michelle has + Michelle has

green socks and

red socks.

= socks in all.

89

At Home 1.

Dominic has He buys

+

fish. more fish. =

Dominic has

fish in all.

2.

ants are having lunch.

more ants join them.

+

There are 90

= ants in all.

3.

There are

blue crabs.

There are

red crabs.

+

=

There are

crabs in all.

crabs are on the rocks.

crabs are in the water.

+

There are

= crabs in all.

91

Looking Back 1. Put together and add. (a)

+

=

There are

cubes in all.

(b)

+

=

There are

shapes in all.

2. Count on to add.

+

There are 92

= flowers in all.

3. Complete the number bond.

Write two addition equations.

+

=

+

=

(c)

3 + 5

4. Complete the equations. (a) 6 + 2 =

(b) 4 + 5 =

(c) 1 + 5 =

(d) 5 + 5 =

(e) 1 +

= 9 (f) 10 +

= 10

5. Add. (a)

6 + 3

(b)

2 + 8

93

3

Subtraction Within 10

Anchor Task

94

95

Subtracting by Taking Away Let’s Learn There are 7 penguins on the ice.

3 penguins jump into the water.

part

7 take away 3 is 4.

7–3=4 There are 4 penguins left on the ice.

whole

4

7 3 part

96

There are 9 cubes on the plate.

Take away 4 cubes.

4

9 take away 4 is 5.

9–4=5 There are 5 cubes left on the plate.

9 5

There are 10 cubes.

Cross out 2 cubes.

10

2 10

8

2

8

10 take away 2 is 8.

10 – 2 = 8 There are 8 cubes left.

97

Let’s Practice 1. Cross out to subtract.

Complete the equation. (a)

4–2= (b)

6–1= (c)

5–3= (d)

8–2=

98

2

(e)

9–4= (f)

8–5= (g)

7–4= (h)

10 – 2 = (i)

10 – 5 =

99

2. Write the subtraction equation. (a)

4

–

1

=

(b)

–

=

–

=

(c)

100

3

(d)

–

=

–

=

–

=

–

=

(e)

(f)

(g)

1 01

3. Make a number bond.

Complete the equation. (a)

6

–

=

–

=

–

=

(b)

(c)

1 02

4

2

(d)

–

=

–

=

–

=

–

=

(e)

(f)

(g)

103

Hands On Play this game in pairs!

1. Pick a card.

2. Show it to your partner. Have them show the equation by making groups of counters.

3. Say the subtraction equation together.

10 — 3 = 7

104

Solve It! Halle has 9 marbles.

She puts some marbles into a cup.

Make number bonds to show how many marbles are in each cup. (a)

9 2

(b)

7 9

(c)

(d)

105

At Home 1. Make a number bond.

Complete the equation. (a)

3 7 7

–

3

=

(b)

–

=

–

=

–

=

(c)

(d)

106

4

4

(e)

–

=

–

=

–

=

–

=

(f)

(g)

(h)

107

2. Write the subtraction equation. (a)

6

–

2

=

(b)

–

=

–

=

–

=

(c)

(d)

108

4

(e)

–

=

–

=

–

=

–

=

(f)

(g)

(h)

109

Subtracting by Counting Back Let’s Learn A monkey has 8 bananas.

It eats 3 bananas.

How many bananas does it have left?

Start at 8 and count back 3 steps.

Count back from 8.

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

8 take away 3 is 5.

8–3=5 The monkey has 5 bananas left.

110

7

8

There are 9 leaves on a branch.

4 leaves fall to the ground.

How many leaves are left on the branch?

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

8

9

9–4=5 There are 5 leaves left on the branch.

Find 10 minus 5.

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

10

10 – 5 = 5

111

Let’s Practice 1. Count back.

Complete the subtraction equation. (a)

0

1

2

3

4

5

2

3

4

5

3

5 – 2 = (b)

0 6 – 3 = 112

1

6

(c)

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

9 – 4 = (d)

0

10

10 – 2 = 113

At Home Count back.

Complete the subtraction equation. (a)

6

–

2

=

(b)

–

=

–

=

–

=

(c)

(d)

114

4

(e)

–

=

–

=

–

=

–

=

(f)

(g)

(h)

115

Hands On Play this game in pairs!

1. Pick a card from the pack.

What is 10 – 3?

2. Show it to your partner. Have them subtract by counting back aloud.

10, 9, 8, 7.

10 – 3 is 7.

3. Switch roles and let your partner pick a card.

116

Let’s Practice 1. Complete the number bond.

Write 2 subtraction equations. (a)

5

–

3

=

2

5

–

2

=

3

5 2

3

(b)

–

=

–

=

–

=

–

=

(c)

117

2. Complete the number bond.

Write 2 subtraction equations. (a)

6

–

2

=

4

6

–

4

=

2

(b)

–

=

–

=

–

=

–

=

(c)

118

6 2

4

3. Complete the number bond.

Write 2 subtraction equations. (a)

–

=

–

=

–

=

–

=

–

=

–

=

7

(b)

(c)

119

4. Complete the number bond.

Write 2 subtraction equations. (a)

–

=

–

=

–

=

–

=

(b)

120

8

(c)

–

=

–

=

–

=

–

=

(d)

121

5. Complete the number bond.

Write 2 subtraction equations. (a)

–

=

–

=

–

=

–

=

(b)

1 22

9

(c)

–

=

–

=

–

=

–

=

(d)

123

6. Complete the number bond.

Write 2 subtraction equations. (a)

–

=

–

=

–

=

–

=

–

=

–

=

(b)

(c)

124

10

(d)

–

=

–

=

–

=

–

=

(e)

125

Hands On Play this game in groups of 4!

1. Player 1 chooses 2 number cards.

2. Players 2, 3 and 4 race to write a number bond and 2 subtraction equations.

3. The first player to finish chooses the next cards!

126

Solve It! 1. Use these numbers to make 5 subtraction equations.

You can use the numbers more than once.

–

=

–

=

–

=

–

=

–

=

2. Use these numbers to make 6 subtraction equations.

You can use the numbers more than once.

–

=

–

=

–

=

–

=

–

=

–

=

127

At Home Use the numbers to make a number bond.

Write 2 subtraction equations. (a)

5

–

2

=

3

5

–

3

=

2

(b) –

=

–

=

–

=

–

=

–

=

–

=

(c)

(d)

1 28

5

2 3

(e) –

=

–

=

–

=

–

=

–

=

–

=

–

=

–

=

(f)

(g)

(h)

129

Let’s Practice Complete the number bond. Write the number fact family. (a)

2

5

3 +

=

–

=

+

=

–

=

+

=

–

=

+

=

–

=

(b)

130

(c)

+

=

–

=

+

=

–

=

+

=

–

=

+

=

–

=

(d)

131

(e)

+

=

–

=

+

=

–

=

+

=

–

=

+

=

–

=

(f)

1 32

(g)

+

=

–

=

+

=

–

=

+

=

–

=

+

=

–

=

(h)

133

(i)

+

=

–

=

+

=

–

=

+

=

–

=

+

=

–

=

(j)

1 34

(k)

+

=

–

=

+

=

–

=

+

=

–

=

+

=

–

=

(l)

135

Hands On Play this game in groups of 4!

1. Player 1 chooses 2 number cards.

2. Players 2, 3 and 4 race to write a number bond and a number fact family.

3. The first player to finish chooses the next cards!

136

Solve It! Use these numbers to make 6 equations.

You can use the numbers more than once. (a)

+

=

–

=

+

=

–

=

+

=

–

=

+

=

–

=

+

=

–

=

+

=

–

=

(b)

137

At Home Use the numbers to make a number fact family. (a)

5

4

1

+

=

+

=

–

=

–

=

+

=

+

=

–

=

–

=

+

=

+

=

–

=

–

=

(b) 5

7

2

(c) 3

138

6

9

(d)

7

8

1

+

=

+

=

–

=

–

=

+

=

+

=

–

=

–

=

+

=

+

=

–

=

–

=

(e)

10

6

4

(f)

2

10

8

139

Vertical Subtraction Let’s Learn Subtract the dots.

We can subtract across, like this.

7–2=5

We can also subtract down, like this.

7 – 2 5 140

Let’s Practice 1. Subtract. (a)

6 –

(b)

3

–

3 (c)

(d) –

(e)

–

(f) –

–

(h)

(g) –

–

1 41

2. Subtract. (a)

3 – 2

(b)

8 – 7

(c)

9 – 8

(d)

4 – 2

(e)

9 – 4

(f)

9 – 6

(g)

6 – 3

(h)

7 – 7

(i)

1 – 0

(j)

3 – 0

(k)

8 – 1

(l)

7 – 2

(m)

5 – 3

(n)

8 – 6

(o)

8 – 2

142

At Home 1. Subtract. (a) 2 – 1 =

(b) 5 – 2 =

(c) 5 – 3 =

(d) 7 – 0 =

(e) 6 – 3 =

(f) 7 – 6 =

(g) 8 – 7 =

(h) 9 – 9 =

(i) 10 – 4 =

(j) 10 – 9 =

(k) 9 – 6 =

(l) 4 – 0 =

(m) 7 – 5 =

(n) 6 – 4 =

(o) 10 – 2 =

(p) 10 – 3 =

(q) 8 – 6 =

(r) 10 – 5 =

(s) 4 – 1 =

(t) 8 – 4 =

143

2. Subtract. (a)

7 – 1

(b)

8 – 3

(c)

9 – 3

(d)

4 – 3

(e)

9 – 9

(f)

3 – 1

(g)

8 – 3

(h)

7 – 6

(i)

1 – 1

(j)

9 – 7

(k)

2 – 1

(l)

8 – 4

(m)

9 – 5

(n)

8 – 0

(o)

9 – 1

144

3. Fill in the missing numbers. (a) 4 – (c)

=1 –5=2

(b) 5 – (d)

=4 –5=4

(e) 9 –

=3

(f) 10 –

(g) 7 –

=3

(h) 9 –

=9

–1=7

(j) 6 –

=2

(i)

=3

4. Complete the equations. (a) 2 + 0 =

(b) 6 + 4 =

(c) 7 - 3 =

(d) 7 - 1 =

(e) 5 - 3 =

(f) 8 - 5 =

(g) 8 + 2 =

(h) 1 + 6 =

(i) 10 - 3 =

(j) 4 + 5 =

145

Solve It! Fill in the blanks. What is the rule? (a)

4

3

3 The rule is (b)

2 –1

7

5

The rule is

6

1

.

5

146

2

6

3 .

4

4

(c)

9

7

5 The rule is (d)

8

3

4

.

5

6

2 The rule is

5

9

3

7

6

.

147

Subtraction Word Problems Let’s Learn There are 8 ladybugs on a branch.

3 ladybugs fly away.

How many ladybugs are left on the branch?

3 8 5

8–3=5 There are 5 ladybugs left on the branch.

There are 6 toys on the shelf.

Wyatt takes 2 toys.

How many toys are left on the shelf?

2 6 4 6–2=4 There are 4 toys left on the shelf.

1 48

There are 10 insects.

4 insects are dragonflies.

10 – 4 = 6 6 insects are butterflies.

There are 10 insects.

7 insects are flying.

10 – 7 = 3 3 insects are resting.

10

4 6

7 10 3

149

Let’s Practice 1.

There are

leaves on the branch.

fall away.

–

=

There are

leaves left on the branch.

2.

Sophie has

flowers.

She gives – Sophie has 150

flowers to Chelsea. = flowers left.

3.

There are

balls in all.

are soccer balls.

–

=

are basketballs.

4.

There are

shells.

are washed away.

– There are

= shells left.

1 51

At Home 1.

There are

children playing in the park.

children walk home.

–

=

children are left in the park.

2.

Blake has He gives – Blake has 152

balloons. balloons to Keira. = balloons left.

3.

There are

animals.

are squirrels.

–

=

are rabbits.

There are

animals.

are eating.

–

=

are sleeping.

1 53

Looking Back 1. Cross out to subtract.

Complete the equation. (a)

8–3= (b)

10 – 4 = 2. Complete the number bond.

Write a subtraction equation. (a)

–

=

–

=

(b)

154

3. Count back to subtract.

Write a subtraction equation. (a)

–

=

–

=

(b)

4. Complete the number bond.

Write 2 subtraction equations. (a)

–

=

–

=

–

=

–

=

(b)

155

5. Use the numbers to make a family of number facts.

5

8

3

6. Complete the subtraction story.

There are

turtles.

turtles are in the water.

–

=

turtles are on the sand.

156

+

=

+

=

–

=

–

=

7. Complete the equations. (a) 10 + 0 = (c) 1 + 8 = (e) 4 +

(b) 5 – 4 = (d) 7 + 2 = = 9 (f) 10 –

(g) 6 – 2 =

(h) 2 + 5 =

(i) 7 – 7 =

(j) 5 + 3 =

(k) 1 +

= 4 (l) 10 –

=4

=2

8. Fill in the blanks. (a)

6 – 3

(b)

2 + 8

(c)

8 – 4

(d)

6 + 1

(e)

8 – 5

(f)

3 + 6

1 57

4

Addition to 20

Remember This!

Put the cubes together and count.

How many cubes in all?

4

2 6

4 and 2 make 6.

4+2=6 There are 6 cubes in all.

Count on from the greater number.

How many cubes in all?

7

7 and 3 make 10.

7 + 3 = 10 There are 10 cubes in all.

158

8

9

10

7 10 3

Have a Go! Add. (a)

+

=

+

=

+

=

+

=

+

=

(b)

(c)

(d)

(e)

159

Anchor Task

160

161

Adding by Counting On Let’s Learn Chelsea has 8 teddy bears.

Sophie gives her 3 more teddy bears.

How many teddy bears does Chelsea have now?

Count on from the greater number.

8 8 + 3 = 11 Chelsea has 11 teddy bears now.

1 62

9

10

11

How many cubes in all?

10

9

11

12

13

14

9 + 5 = 14 There are 14 cubes in all.

Dominic reads 13 books.

Michelle reads 4 books.

How many books did they read in all?

13

14

15

16

17

13 + 4 = 17 Dominic and Michelle read 17 books in all.

Find 16 + 4.

8

9

10

11

12 13 14 15 16 17

18 19 20

16 + 4 = 20

163

Let’s Practice 1. Add by counting on. (a)

10

9

9

+

2

=

(b)

164

+

=

11

11

(c)

+

=

(d)

+

= 165

2. Add by counting on.

Write an addition equation. (a)

12

+

2

=

(b)

+

=

+

=

(c)

166

14

(d)

+

=

+

=

+

=

(e)

(f)

1 67

Hands On Play this game in pairs!

1. Place 20 counters in a bag.

2. Take turns to pick a handful of counters from the bag.

3. Place the counters on your table. Group them by color.

Now put them together.

4. Count on from the greater number to add.

5. Write an addition equation.

168

Solve It! Where is the bee?

7

8

10

9

11

12

13

14

15

16

1. The bee starts on flower 9 and flies forward 3 flowers.

Where is the bee now?

Write an addition equation.

+

=

The bee is on flower

now.

2. The bee flies forward 4 more flowers.

Where is the bee now?

Write an addition equation.

+

=

The bee is on flower

now.

169

At Home 1. Add by counting on.

Write an addition equation. (a)

12

13

+

=

+

=

(b)

170

14

15

(c)

+

=

+

=

(d)

171

2. Add by counting on the number line.

Complete the equations.

8

9

10

11

12 13 14 15 16 17

(a) 8 + 2 =

(b) 9 + 4 =

(c) 9 + 3 =

(d) 17 + 2 =

(e) 9 + 5 =

(f) 16 + 4 =

(g) 11 + 3 =

(h) 12 + 3 =

(i) 12 + 4 =

(j) 16 + 3 =

(k) 13 + 3 =

(l) 12 + 5 =

(m) 14 + 3 =

(n) 18 + 2 =

(o) 13 + 5 =

(p) 17 + 3 =

172

18 19 20

3. Add by counting on the number line.

Complete the equations.

8

9

10

11

Count the number of steps.

12 13 14 15 16 17

18 19 20

(a) 9 +

= 11 (b) 14 +

= 18

(c) 8 +

= 12 (d) 17 +

= 20

(e) 12 +

= 15 (f) 14 +

= 15

(g) 14 +

= 16 (h) 15 +

= 20

(i) 10 +

= 15 (j) 16 +

= 19

(k) 12 +

= 16 (l) 19 +

= 20

(m) 14 +

= 16 (n) 15 +

= 18

(o) 15 +

= 19 (p) 13 +

= 17

173

Adding by Making 10 Let’s Learn Jordan has 8 seashells.

Riley gives him 5 more.

How many seashells does Jordan have now?

8

5

Make a group of 10 and then add the groups.

3

10

10 + 3 = 13 Jordan has 13 seashells now.

8 + 5 = 13 10 + 3 = 13 174

8 + 5 = 10 + 3 = 13 2 3

There are 9 orange cubes and 5 purple cubes.

How many cubes are there in all?

9

5

10 10 + 4 = 14 There are 14 cubes altogether.

Find 8 + 7.

4 9 + 5 = 10 + 4 = 14 1 4

8 + 7 = 10 + 5 = 15 175

Let’s Practice 1. Circle a set of 10.

Complete the equation. (a)

6+5=

(b)

176

8+4=

11

(c)

8+7=

(d)

5+8=

177

2. Circle a set of 10.

Complete the equation. (a)

8 + 4 =

10

=

12

+

(b)

9 + 5 = =

178

+

2

(c)

7 + 6 =

+

= (d)

9 + 7 =

+

=

179

3. Circle a set of 10.

Complete the number bond and the equation. (a)

9 + 4 9 + 4 =

10

= 1 3

13

+

(b)

7 + 8 7 + 8 = =

180

+

3

(c)

5 + 9 5 + 9 =

+

=

(d)

8 + 8 8 + 8 =

+

=

181

Hands On Play this game in pairs!

1. Place 20 cubes in a bag.

2. Take turns to pick a handful of cubes from the bag.

3. Place the cubes on your table.

4. Connect the cubes to make a ten first.

5. Write an addition equation like this.

8 + 7 = 10 + 5 = 15 8 + 7 = 15 182

At Home 1. Circle a set of 10.

Complete the equation. (a)

9+8=

(b)

9+7= 183

(c)

6+9=

(d)

184

7+7=

2. Complete the number bond and the equation. (a) 8 + 6 =

+

= 2 4

(b) 9 + 3 =

+

=

(c) 7 + 5 =

+

= (d) 9 + 8 = = (e) 7 + 6 =

+

+

=

185

Doubles and Near Doubles Let’s Learn We can use doubles to add.

A double is when both numbers we are adding are the same.

Double 1 1+1=2

Double 2 2+2=4

Double 3 3+3=6

Double 4 4+4=8

Double 5 5 + 5 = 10

186

Double 6 6 + 6 = 12

Double 7 7 + 7 = 14

Double 8 8 + 8 = 16

Double 9 9 + 9 = 18

Double 10 10 + 10 = 20

1 87

We can use near doubles to add.

Let’s find 7 + 8.

7 + 8 is the same as double 7 and 1 more.

Double 7 is 14.

7 + 7 = 14

7 + 8 = 14 + 1 = 15

1 88

14 and 1 more is 15.

14 + 1 = 15

Let’s find 7 + 6.

7 + 6 is the same as double 7 and 1 less.

Double 7 is 14.

7 + 7 = 14

14 and 1 less is 13.

14 – 1 = 13

7 + 6 = 14 – 1 = 13

189

Let’s Practice 1. Use doubles to write an addition equation.

Complete the sentence. (a)

4

+

4

=

8

Double

4

is

8

.

(b) +

=

Double

is

.

+

=

Double

is

.

+

=

Double

is

.

+

=

Double

is

.

(c)

(d)

(e)

190

2. Use doubles to add. (a) 2 + 2 = (b) 4 + 4 = (c) 8 + 8 = (d) 10 + 10 = 3. Use doubles to add. (a) (b) 1

+ 1

(c) (d) 7

+ 7

(e) (f) 6

+ 6

3 + 3

9 + 9

5 + 5

191

4. Use doubles and near doubles to complete the equations. (a)

4 + 4 =

4 + 5 =

4 + 3 =

7 + 6 =

7 + 8 =

5+6=

5 + 4 =

(b)

7 + 7 = (c)

5 + 5 =

192

(d)

8 + 8 =

8 + 9 =

8 + 7 =

9 + 8 =

9 + 10 =

(e)

9 + 9 =

193

At Home Use doubles and near doubles to add. (a) 5 + 5 =

5 + 6 =

5 + 4 =

(b) 6 + 6 =

6 + 7 =

6 + 5 =

(c) 8 + 8 =

8 + 7 =

8 + 9 =

(d) 10 + 10 =

10 + 9 =

(e)

3 + 3

3 + 2

3 + 4

(f)

7 + 7

7 + 8

7 + 6

(g)

9 + 9

9 + 8

9 + 10

194

Solve It! What number is each child thinking about?

1.

If you double my number and add 1 more, you get 15.

Ethan is thinking of the number 2.

.

1 less than double my number is 13.

Sophie is thinking of the number 3.

.

2 more than double my number is 20.

Keira is thinking of the number

.

195

1-digit and 2-digit Addition Let’s Learn Add the dots.

10

4

14 10

4

10 and 4 make 14.

10 + 4 = 14 Add 10 and 8.

10

8 18 is 10 and 8.

10 + 8 = 18

196

18 10

8

Ethan has 12 cookies.

Jordan gives him 4 more cookies.

How many cookies does Ethan have now?

12 First, make a group of 10.

10

4 Then add the ones.

2+4=6

12 + 4 = 10 + 4 + 2 = 10 + 6 10 = 2 16 12 + 4 = 16

12 + 4 = 16 10 + 6 = 16

197

Find 13 + 5.

13

5

10

8

15 + 3 = 10 + 3 + 5 = 10 + 8 10 = 5 18 15 + 3 = 18

1 98

15 + 3 = 18 10 + 8 = 18

Let’s Practice 1. Complete the number bond and addition equation. (a) 10

5

10

5 15

10 + 5 = (b) 10

9

+

=

(c) 10

7

+

= 199

2. Complete the number bond and addition equation. (a) 13 + 4

10 13 + 4 =

10

+

3

=

10

+

7

+

3

4

= (b) 12 + 7

12 + 7 =

+

=

+

=

2 00

+

(c) 15 + 3

15 + 3 =

+

=

+

+

= (d) 15 + 5

15 + 5 =

+

=

+

+

=

2 01

3. Complete the number bond and addition equation. (a)

14 + 2 14 + 2 =

(b)

16

10

4 15 + 4

15 + 4 = (c)

12 + 5 12 + 5 =

(d)

11 + 8 11 + 8 =

(e)

16 + 4 16 + 4 =

202

4. Add. (a) 14 + 2 =

10

=

16

(b) 15 + 3 =

+

6

+

= (c) 12 + 5 =

+

= (d) 13 + 6 =

+

= (e) 16 + 4 =

+

= (f) 14 + 5 =

+

=

203

Solve It! 1. Fill in the missing numbers. (a)

Look! 8 + 1 = 9 What’s the rule?

11 2 1

9 1

8

(b)

(c)

9 7

2

5

5

1

(d)

0

(e)

6 2 2 04

10

3

14 2

5

8

2. Fill in the missing numbers. (a)

2 add 9 is 11.

2

9 11

4

(b)

7

8

7

(c)

9

8

2

15

13

6

15 11 (d)

(e)

3 20 8

0 205

At Home 1. Complete the number bond and addition equation. (a)

13 + 5

10 13 + 5 =

10

=

18

+

(b)

14 + 5 =

3

8

14 + 5

+

= (c)

14 + 6 = = 206

14 + 6

+

(d)

16 + 2 =

16 + 2

+

= (e)

12 + 5 =

12 + 5

+

= (f)

11 + 8 =

11 + 8

+

=

207

2. Complete the addition equations. (a)

14 + 4 = (b)

5 + 11 = (c)

13 + 6 = 208

(d)

16 + 3 = (e)

8 + 12 = (f)

17 + 2 =

209

3. Add. (a) 12 + 7 =

10

=

19

(b) 14 + 2 =

+

9

+

=

(c) 17 + 3 =

+

=

(d) 13 + 6=

+

= 4. Add. (a) 11 + 5 =

(b) 4 + 11 =

(c) 4 + 15 =

(d) 17 + 3 =

(e) 13 + 3 =

(f) 13 + 5 =

(g) 8 + 12 =

(h) 12 + 6 =

21 0

Solve It! Fill in the blanks.

What is the rule? (a)

12

9

16 The rule is (b)

13

13 +4

5

The rule is

17

.

12

11

15

8

18

14

14

.

211

Adding 3 Numbers Let’s Learn We can add 3 numbers in any order.

How many cubes are there in all?

2

3

6

Let’s put together and count.

11

2+6+3=8+3 = 11 There are 11 cubes altogether.

You can use a number line to help you add.

1 212

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12 13

We can use doubles to help add 3 numbers.

How many cupcakes are there in all?

6 Double 6 is 12.

Now add 3.

6 3 6 + 6 + 3 = 12 + 3 = 15 There are 15 cupcakes altogether.

We can make 10 to help add 3 numbers.

How many fruits are there altogether?

8

4

8 and 2 make 10.

Now add 4.

2 8 + 4 + 2 = 10 + 4 = 14 213

Let’s Practice 1. Put the cubes together and count. (a) 2 + 3 + 1 = (b) 6 + 3 + 3 = (c) 2 + 7 + 5 = (d) 9 + 2 + 4 = (e) 5 + 5 + 5 = (f) 2 + 8 + 6 =

21 4

2. Add by finding doubles. (a) 2 + 2 + 1 =

4

= 4

5

(b) 6 + 5 + 6 =

+

1

+

=

(c) 3 + 4 + 4 =

+

=

(d) 9 + 9 + 2 =

+

=

(e) 5 + 7 + 7 =

+

=

(f) 8 + 2 + 8 =

+

=

215

3. Add by making a 10. (a) 5 + 5 + 8 =

10

=

18

(b) 2 + 5 + 8 =

+

+

=

(c) 9 + 4 + 6 =

+

=

(d) 9 + 1 + 3 =

+

=

(e) 6 + 7 + 3 =

+

=

(f) 5 + 5 + 2 =

=

21 6

+

8

4. Add the dots. (a)

(b)

(c)

(d)

(e)

(f)

(g)

(h)

3+3+5=

6+5+7=

+

+

=

+

+

=

+

+

=

+

+

=

+

+

=

+

+

=

217

5. Add. (a) 3 + 3 + 9 = (b) 7 + 4 + 8 = (c) 5 + 6 + 2 = (d) 8 + 7 + 5 = 6. Add. (a)

6 2 + 2

(b)

8 2 + 4

(c)

6 6 + 5

(d)

6 9 + 5

218

Addition Word Problems Let’s Learn In a field there are 8 squirrels and 5 rabbits.

How many squirrels and rabbits are there in all?

8 13 5 8 + 5 = 13 There are 13 squirrels and rabbits in all.

Halle walks up 6 steps.

She then walks up another 12 steps.

How many steps does Halle walk up in all?

6 18 12 6 + 12 = 18 Halle walks up 18 steps in all.

219

Let’s Practice 1. Wyatt borrows 8 books from the library.

Blake borrows 6 books from the library.

How many books do Wyatt and Blake borrow in all?

= Wyatt and Blake borrow

books in all.

2. There are 7 cookies in a jar.

Keira puts 5 more cookies in the jar.

How many cookies are in the jar now?

= There are 22 0

cookies in the jar now.

3. Mrs Miller has 12 eggs.

She buys 6 more eggs.

How many eggs does Mrs Miller have now?

= Mrs Miller has

eggs now.

4. Ethan has 9 computer games.

Dominic has 6 more computer games than Ethan.

How many computer games does Dominic have?

= Dominic has

computer games.

221

Looking Back 1. Count on to add.

Complete the equation.

+

=

2. Add by counting on the number line.

Complete the equations.

8

9

10

11

12 13 14 15 16 17

(a) 8 + 4 =

(b) 10 + 5 =

(c) 8 + 3 =

(d) 17 + 2 =

(e) 9 + 4 =

(f) 16 + 3 =

(g) 11 + 2 =

(h) 14 + 3 =

22 2

18 19 20

3. Circle a set of 10.

Complete the number bond and the equation.

8 + 7 8 + 7 =

+

= 4. Make 10 first. Add. (a) 6 + 5 =

+

= (b) 9 + 6 =

+

=

(c) 7 + 8 =

+

=

223

5. Complete the number bond and the equation. (a) 9 + 5 =

+

=

(b) 7 + 6 =

+

=

(c) 8 + 7 =

+

= 6. Use doubles and near doubles to add. (a) 4 + 4 =

4 + 5 =

4 + 3 =

(b) 7 + 7 =

7 + 8 =

7 + 6 =

(c) 8 + 8 =

8 + 7 =

8 + 9 =

224

7. Add. (a) 14 + 5 =

10

+

= (b) 15 + 4 =

+

= (c) 12 + 8 =

+

= 8. Add. (a) 7 + 3 + 9 =

(b) 8 + 6 + 2 =

(c) 4 + 4 + 7 =

(d) 5 + 3 + 5 =

9. Add. (a)

6 4 + 4

(b)

8 1 + 8

(c)

7 3 + 6

225

5

Subtraction Within 20

Remember This!

There are 9 birds on a branch.

7 birds fly away.

How many birds are left on the branch?

part whole

7

9 9 take away 7 is 2.

9–7=2 There are 2 birds left on the branch.

2 part

There are 10 cubes.

Cross out 2 cubes.

10

2 10

8 10 take away 2 is 8.

10 – 2 = 8 There are 8 cubes left.

22 6

2

8

Have a Go! 1. Count back.

Complete the subtraction equation. (a)

–

=

–

=

(b)

2. Complete the number bond.

Write a subtraction equation. (a)

–

=

–

=

(b)

227

Subtracting by Counting Back Anchor Task

228

229

Let’s Learn Dominic has 11 marbles.

He gives 3 marbles to Ethan.

How many marbles does Dominic have now?

Count back 3 steps.

8

9

10

11 – 3 = 8 Dominic has 8 marbles now.

There are 13 cubes.

How many cubes are blue?

Count back 4 steps.

9

9 13 – 4 = 9 9 cubes are blue.

230

10

11

12

4

13

11

Halle has 12 balloons.

5 balloons burst.

How many balloons does Halle have left?

Count back on a number line.

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

15

12 – 5 = 7 Halle has 7 balloons left.

231

Let’s Practice 1. Count back to subtract. (a)

10 11 12 13 14

14 – 4 = (b)

9 10 11 12

12 – 3 = (c)

7 8 9 10 11 12

12 – 5 = (d)

18 – 4 =

232

14 15 16 17 18

(e)

9

10

11

12

13

13 – 4 = (f)

15 16 17 18 19

19 – 4 = (g)

12 13 14 15

15 – 3 = (h)

15 16 17 18 19 20

20 – 5 =

233

2. Use the number line to count back.

Complete the equation. (a)

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

19 20

18

–

2

=

16

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

19 20

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

19 20

(b)

–

=

(c)

8

23 4

9

–

10

11

=

(d)

8

9

10

–

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

19 20

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

19 20

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

19 20

=

(e)

8

9

10

–

11

=

(f)

8

9

–

10

11

=

235

Hands On Play this game in pairs!

1. Make a set of cubes like in the drawing.

2. Roll a dice.

3. Count back and take away the number of cubes shown on the dice.

4. Write a subtraction equation to show how many cubes are left.

The number on the dice is –

=

The number on the dice is – 236

.

=

.

The number on the dice is –

=

The number on the dice is –

.

=

The number on the dice is –

.

.

=

237

At Home 1. Use the number line to count back.

Complete the equation. (a) 8

9

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

19 20

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

19 20

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

19 20

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

19 20

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

19 20

14 – 3 = (b) 8

9

19 – 4 = (c) 8

9

12 – 3 = (d) 8

9

15 – 2 = (e) 8

9

18 – 2 = 23 8

(f) 8

9

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

19 20

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

19 20

16 – 3 = (g) 8

9

20 – 4 = 2. Subtract by counting back on the number line.

Complete the equations.

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

(a) 18 – 1 =

(b) 13 – 4 =

(c) 20 – 2 =

(d) 15 – 4 =

(e) 19 – 4 =

(f) 14 – 5 =

(g) 12 – 4 =

(h) 20 – 4 =

(i) 12 – 5 =

(j) 19 – 2 =

(k) 13 – 3 =

(l) 13 – 5 =

(m) 11 – 3 =

(n) 18 – 3 =

(o) 15 – 2 =

(p) 18 – 5 =

18

19

20

239

Subtracting by Making 10 Let’s Learn We can subtract by taking away the ones and adding to a 10.

There are 18 grasshoppers on a branch.

6 grasshoppers fly away.

How many grasshoppers are left?

18 18 is 10 and 8.

10 18 – 6 = 12 10

8

8 – 6= 2 10 + 2 = 12 18 – 6 = 12 There are 12 grasshoppers left.

240

8–6=2

We can subtract by making 10 first.

A baker has 14 pies.

He sells 6 pies.

How many pies does the baker have left?

10

4 First, subtract 4 to make 10.

8 14 – 6 = 8

Then, subtract 2 from the 10.

4 2 14 – 4 = 10 10 – 2 = 8 14 – 6 = 8 The baker has 8 pies left.

2 41

There are 15 birds on a fence.

9 birds fly away.

How many birds are left on the fence?

First subtract 5 to leave 10.

10

5

Then, subtract 4 to leave 6.

15 – 9 = 6 6 15 – 9 = 6 There are 6 birds left on the fence.

2 42

5 4 15 – 5 = 10 10 – 4 = 6

We can also subtract from 10 first.

Ethan has 13 goldfish.

He gives 6 goldfish to Dominic.

How many goldfish does Ethan have now?

First, regroup the 13 goldfish.

13 is 10 and 3.

10

3

Next, since 6 is greater than 3, subtract 6 from 10. That leaves 4.

Now add 4 and 3.

4

3

13 – 6 = 7 10

3 10 – 6 = 4 4+3=7

13 – 6 = 7 Ethan has 7 goldfish now.

243

Let’s Practice 1. Subtract the ones. (a)

14 – 2 = (b)

19 – 4 = (c)

18 – 3 = (d)

16 – 3 = 2 44

(e)

20 – 7 = (f)

18 – 6 = (g)

17 – 5 = (h)

20 – 6 =

245

2. Cross out the cubes and complete the equation. (a) 15 – 2 = (b) 18 – 4 = (c) 19 – 5 = (d) 14 – 2 = (e) 20 – 3 = (f) 19 – 6 =

2 46

3. Complete the subtraction equation. (a)

15

–

3

=

12

(b)

–

=

–

=

–

=

(c)

(d)

247

4. Fill in the blanks and complete the equations. (a)

14 – 2 =

10

4

12

4

–

2

=

2

10

+

2

=

12

(b)

18 – 5 =

2 48

–

=

+

=

(c)

18 – 4 =

–

=

+

=

–

=

+

=

–

=

+

=

(d)

17 – 5 =

(e)

19 – 6 =

249

At Home 1. Subtract. (a)

1 –

(c)

1 –

(e)

1 –

(g)

1 –

(i)

1 –

25 0

5 4

(b)

3 3

(d)

7 5

(f)

4 3

(h)

9 4

(j)

1

8 3

1

9 5

1

8 6

1

7 2

1

7 3

–

–

–

–

–

(k)

1 –

(m)

1

–

6 3

(l)

9 6

(n)

1

9 9

1

7 6

–

–

2. Subtract. (a) 15 – 5 =

(b) 18 – 5 =

(c) 12 – 1 =

(d) 19 – 2 =

(e) 17 – 3 =

(f) 16 – 6 =

(g) 19 – 4 =

(h) 13 – 2 =

(i) 20 – 3 =

(j) 19 – 8 =

(k) 20 – 6 =

(l) 16 – 4 =

(m) 18 – 4 =

(n) 14 – 3 =

(o) 13 – 3 =

(p) 18 – 2 =

2 51

3. Use doubles to add and subtract.

Complete the equations. (a)

4

+

4

=

8

8

–

4

=

(b) +

=

–

=

+

=

–

=

+

=

–

=

+

=

–

=

(c)

(d)

(e)

252

4

4. Use doubles to add and subtract.

Match the equations. (a) 5 + 5 =

18 – 9 =

(b) 9 + 9 =

10 – 5 =

(c) 6 + 6 =

14 – 7 =

(d) 8 + 8 =

12 – 6 =

(e) 10 + 10 =

(f) 7 + 7 =

16 – 8 =

20 – 10 =

253

Let’s Practice Fill in the blanks.

Complete the equations. (a)

13 – 5 =

3

2

8

13

–

10

–

3 2

= =

(b)

17 – 8 =

–

=

–

=

–

=

–

=

(c)

15 – 9 =

254

10 8

(d)

12 – 7 =

–

=

–

=

–

=

–

=

–

=

–

=

(e)

14 – 6 =

(f)

18 – 9 =

2 55

At Home 1. Cross out the objects to make 10 first.

Complete the equations. (a)

9

14 – 5 =

4

1

14

–

4

=

10

10

–

1

=

9

(b)

16 – 9 =

–

=

–

=

–

=

–

=

(c)

13 – 8 =

2 56

2. Fill in the blanks.

Complete the equations. (a)

6 (b)

(c)

(d)

(e)

7

16 – 9 =

13 – 7 =

16 – 8 =

14 – 6 =

18 – 9 =

3

16

–

6

=

10

10

–

3

=

7

–

=

–

=

–

=

–

=

–

=

–

=

–

=

–

=

2 57

Hands On Play this game in pairs.

1. Pick a card from each pile.

2. Work together to subtract the smaller number from the greater number by making 10 first.

13 – 3 = 10 10 – 5 = 5

13 – 8 = 5

3. Continue until you have turned over all the cards.

258

Play this game in pairs.

1. Each player puts a counter on ‘Start’.

2. Take turns in rolling a dice. Move your counter forward the number of spaces shown on the dice.

3. Answer the subtraction equation. If you answer incorrectly, move your counter back to the start.

The first player to the finish is the winner!

15 – 8

12 – 6

15 – 9

13 – 9

16 – 9

11 – 3 13 – 5

11 – 6

14 – 5 14 – 6

15 – 7

16 – 8

17 – 8 12 – 5

14 – 6 18 – 9

13 – 7

11 – 8

14 – 8 15 – 8

17 – 9

12 – 4 16 – 7

12 – 9

11 – 7

259

Let’s Practice 1. Cross out objects to subtract from 10 first.

Complete the equations. (a)

13 – 5 =

10

3

8

10

–

5

=

5

5

+

3

=

8

(b)

16 – 9 =

26 0

–

=

+

=

(c)

15 – 7 =

–

=

+

=

–

=

+

=

–

=

+

=

(d)

14 – 9 =

(e)

17 – 8 =

261

2. Cross out objects to subtract from 10 first.

Complete the equations. (a) 14 – 8 =

10

4

6

10

–

8

=

2

2

+

4

=

6

(b) 16 – 9 =

–

=

+

=

–

=

+

=

–

=

+

=

(c) 13 – 8 =

(d) 15 – 7 =

2 62

3. Complete the equations. (a)

12 – 9 =

10 (b)

(c)

(d)

(e)

2 16 – 8 =

13 – 5 =

17 – 8 =

13 – 7 =

3

10

–

9

=

1

1

+

2

=

3

–

=

+

=

–

=

+

=

–

=

+

=

–

=

+

=

263

At Home 1. Complete the equations. (a)

10 (c)

(e)

17 – 8 =

(b)

9

16 – 8 =

7 (d)

12 – 8 =

(f)

16 – 9 =

12 – 7 =

13 – 4 =

2. Complete the equations. (a) 13 – 9 =

(b) 18 – 9 =

(c) 12 – 6 =

(d) 13 – 6 =

(e) 17 – 9 =

(f) 15 – 8 =

(g) 14 – 8 =

(h) 11 – 7 =

264

3. Subtract. (a)

1 –

(c)

1 –

(e)

1 –

(g)

1 –

(i)

1 –

2 4

(b)

1

3 7

1

6 8

1

1 7

1

7 9

1

5 8

–

5 6

(d)

3 8

(f)

6 9

(h)

8 9

(j)

–

–

–

–

265

Let’s Practice Complete the number bond.

Write the number fact family. (a)

6 14

8

6

+

8

=

14

14

–

6

=

8

8

+

6

=

14

14

–

8

=

6

(b)

2 66

+

=

–

=

+

=

–

=

(c)

+

=

–

=

+

=

–

=

+

=

–

=

+

=

–

=

+

=

–

=

+

=

–

=

(d)

(e)

2 67

At Home Complete the number bond.

Write the number fact family. (a)

13 16

3

(b)

+

=

–

=

+

=

–

=

7 9

16

26 8

+

=

–

=

+

=

–

=

(c)

7 11

(d)

18

+

=

–

=

+

=

–

=

6

14

20

+

=

–

=

+

=

–

=

(e)

7 15 8

+

=

–

=

+

=

–

= 269

Subtraction Word Problems Let’s Learn Jordan has 15 cupcakes.

He gives 5 cupcakes to his friends.

How many cupcakes does Jordan have left?

15 – 5 = 10

Jordan has 10 cupcakes left.

Keira has 16 balloons.

9 balloons float away.

How many balloons does Keira have left?

16 – 9 = 7 Keira has 7 balloons left.

270

At summer camp, Riley takes 18 photographs.

Ethan takes 9 fewer photographs than Riley.

How many photographs does Ethan take?

18 ‑ 9 = 9 Ethan takes 9 photographs.

Halle and Chelsea are collecting shells.

Halle collects 17 shells.

Chelsea collects 8 fewer shells than Halle.

How many shells does Chelsea collect?

17 – 8 = 9 Chelsea collected 9 shells.

271

Let’s Practice 1. There are 12 birds on a branch.

5 birds fly away.

How many birds are left on the branch?

–

=

There are

birds left on the branch.

2. There are 15 cans in a stack.

Wyatt knocks down 8 cans.

How many cans are left?

–

cans are left.

27 2

=

3. On the weekend, Riley sold 17 cups of lemonade.

She sold 9 cups on Saturday.

How many cups of lemonade did Riley sell on Sunday?

–

=

Riley sold

cups of lemonade on Sunday.

4. Blake had 18 pencils.

He lost some pencils and had 6 left.

How many pencils did Blake lose?

–

Blake lost

= pencils.

273

At Home 1. Ethan buys 12 stickers.

He gives 5 stickers to his friend.

How many stickers does Ethan have left?

–

=

Ethan has

stickers left.

2. Sophie borrows 15 books from the library.

She returns 9 books.

How many books does Sophie have now?

–

Sophie has 2 74

= books now.

3. Riley read 15 books.

Keira read 7 books.

How many more books did Riley read than Keira?

–

=

Riley read

more books than Keira.

4. Blake has 13 marbles.

Wyatt has 9 fewer marbles than Blake.

How many marbles does Wyatt have?

–

Wyatt has

= marbles.

275

Looking Back 1. Subtract by counting back.

Complete the equations. (a) 16 – 1 =

(b) 13 – 4 =

(c) 20 – 2 =

(d) 15 – 2 =

(e) 19 – 3 =

(f) 18 – 4 =

2. Cross out the cubes.

Complete the subtraction equation. (a) 17 – 6 = (b) 20 – 8 = 3. Subtract by making 10 first.

Fill in the blanks. (a)

15 – 8 =

276

–

=

–

=

(b)

16 – 9 =

(c)

(d)

14 – 6 =

15 – 9 =

–

=

–

=

–

=

–

=

–

=

–

=

–

=

+

=

4. Subtract from 10 first.

Fill in the blanks. (a) 16 – 7 =

277

(b)

13 – 5 =

(c)

(d)

12 – 8 =

15 – 9 =

5. (a) 12 – 9 =

(b ) 17 – 9 =

(c) 15 – 6 =

(d) 13 – 8 =

(e) 13 – 6 =

(f) 11 – 5 =

(g) 16 – 8 =

(h) 17 – 8 =

278

–

=

+

=

–

=

+

=

–

=

+

=

6. Complete the number bond.

Write the number fact family. (a)

+

=

–

=

+

=

–

=

+

=

–

=

+

=

–

=

(b)

7. Ethan has 17 superhero cards.

Blake has 9 fewer superhero cards than Ethan.

How many superhero cards does Blake have?

–

Blake has

= superhero cards.

279

© Blue Ring Media Pty Ltd ACN 161 590 496 2013 - 2021.

This publication would not have been possible without the tireless effort of our production team.

Special thanks to: Daniel Cole, Matthew Cole, Wang Hui Guan, Kevin Mahoney, Winston Goh, Jesse Singer Joseph Anderson, Halle Taylor-Pritchard, Sophie Taylor-Pritchard, Tejal Thakur Varasinun Mathanattapat, Kanungnit Pookwanmuang, Saijit Lueangsrisuk Original Illustrations: Natchanuch Nakapat, graphicsRF, Blue Ring Media and Interact Images Royalty-free images: Shutterstock, Adobe Stock