M AT H E M AT I C S Workt ext
1A
for learners 6 - 7 years old
Aligned to the US Common Core State Standards
Matholia Mathematics Matholia Mathematics is a series covering levels K-6 and is fully aligned to the United States Common Core State Standards (USCCSS). Each level consists of two books (Book A and Book B) and combines textbook-style presentation of concepts as well as workbook practice. Central to the USCCSS is the promotion of problem-solving skills and reasoning. Matholia Mathematics achieves this by teaching and presenting concepts through a problem-solving based pedagogy and using the concrete-pictorial-abstract (CPA) approach. Learners acquire knowledge and understanding of concepts through a guided progression beginning with concrete examples and experiences which then flow into pictorial representations and finally mastery at the abstract and symbolic level. This approach ensures that learners develop a fundamental understanding of concepts rather than answering questions by learned procedures and algorithms. Key features of the series include:
Anchor Task Open-ended activities serve as the starting point for understanding new concepts. Learners engage in activities and discussions to form concrete experiences before the concept is formalized.
1
Number Bonds
Making Number Bonds Anchor Task
3 2
Let’s Learn
Adding 3 Numbers
Concepts are presented in a clear and colorful manner. Worked problems provide learners with guided step-by-step progression through examples. Series mascots provide guidance through helpful comments and observations when new concepts are introduced.
We can use doub les to help add 3 numbers. How many cupca kes are there in all?
Let’s Learn We can add 3 numb ers in any order. How many cubes are there in all? 2
2+6+3=8+3 = 11 There are 11 cubes
6
6
Let’s put together and count.
Double 6 is 12. Now add 3.
6
3 3 6 + 6 + 3 = 12 + 3 = 15 There are 15 cupca kes altogether.
11
We can make 10 to help add 3 numb ers. How many fruits are there altogether?
altogether.
You can use a number line to help you add.
8 4
8 and 2 make 10. Now add 4.
2 1 212
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12 13
8 + 4 + 2 = 10 + 4 = 14
213
iii
Let’s Practice
r of pencils. Fill in the 2. Find the total numbe
Let’s Practice 1.
blanks.
(a)
Fill in the blanks. (a)
Learners demonstrate their understanding of concepts through a range of exercises and problems to be completed in a classroom environment. Questions provide a varying degree of guidance and scaffolding as learners progress to mastery of the concepts.
.
ones is
ten and
.
make
30 and
pencils in all.
There are
(b) (b) .
ones is
ten and (c)
ones is
ten and
.
pencils in all.
There are ones is
ten and
.
make
and
(d)
.
17
At Home
16
1.
Complete the numb er story.
2. Complete the number stories.
At Home Further practice designed to be completed without the guidance of a teacher. Exercises and problems in this section follow on from those completed under Let’s Practice.
(a) There are
toys.
are on the shelf. are on the floor. There are
ducks.
(b) There are
ducks are in the water . ducks are on the 36
toys.
toys are teddy bears
.
grass.
toys are dolls.
Hands On 37
Play this game in pairs.
Hands On Learners are encouraged to ‘learn by doing’ through the use of group activities and the use of mathematical manipulatives.
1.
Each player puts a counter
on ‘Start’.
Move your counter the 2. Take turns in rolling a dice. on the dice. number of spaces shown equation. If you answer 3. Answer the subtraction back to the start. incorrectly, move your counter is the winner! The first player to the finish
15 – 8
12 – 6
15 – 9
13 – 9 16 – 9 11 – 3 13 – 5
11 – 6
14 – 5 14 – 6
15 – 7
16 – 8
17 – 8 14 – 6
12 – 5
18 – 9 11 – 8
13 – 7 17 – 9
Solve it!
14 – 8 15 – 8
12 – 4
12 – 9
1.
11 – 7
Fill in the missing numb ers. (a)
16 – 7
Look! 8 + 1 = 9 What’s the rule?
11
Solve It!
259
2
9
258
1
1
8
(b)
Activities that require learners to apply logical reasoning and problem-solving. Problems are often posed which do not have a routine strategy for solving them. Learners are encouraged to think creatively and apply a range of problem-solving heuristics.
(c)
9 7
3 2
10 1
5
5
(d)
0
(e)
6
14
2
2
5
8
204 205
Looking Back Consolidated practice where learners demonstrate their understanding on a range of concepts taught within a unit.
3. Compare the sets. Fill in the blanks.
Looking Back 1.
Set B
Set A
Count on in tens.
40
50
70
80
60 90
dots.
Set A has
tens is less than
2. Count and complete.
Set B has
dots.
tens.
< 4. Check the smaller number. (a)
53
55
(b)
8
17
5. Write > or < to compare the numbers.
and There are
(a)
22
.
(c)
9
pencils in all.
(e)
53
make
12 91 50
14
(b)
4
(d)
43
47
(f)
70
83
45 44
iv
Contents 1 Number Bonds
2 2 32
2 Addition to 10
44 46 77 86
Making Number Bonds Number Stories Adding by Counting On Vertical Addition Addition Word Problems
3 Subtraction Within 10
94 96 110 140 148
4 Addition to 20
158 162 174 186 196 212 219
Subtracting by Taking Away Subtracting by Counting Back Vertical Subtraction Subtraction Word Problems Adding by Counting On Adding by Making 10 Doubles and Near Doubles 1-digit and 2-digit Addition Adding 3 Numbers Addition Word Problems
5 Subtraction Within 20
Subtracting by Counting Back Subtracting by Making 10 Subtraction Word Problems
226 1228 240 270
v
1
Number Bonds
Making Number Bonds Anchor Task
2
3
Let’s Learn Halle has 4 red balloons. Wyatt has 3 green balloons.
part
part
Let’s put the balloons together.
part whole
4
whole
part
7
3
4 and 3 make 7. There are 7 balloons in all. 4
4 rabbits are eating. 2 rabbits join them. part
2
whole
part
6
4 4 and 2 make 6. There are 6 rabbits in all.
There are 4 pink cubes. There are 6 blue cubes.
4 4 and 6 make 10. There are 10 cubes in all.
6
part
part
4
6 10 whole
5
Let’s use number bonds to show some ways to make 7.
3
4 7
3 and 4 make 7.
2
5 7
2 and 5 make 7.
6
1 7
6 and 1 make 7. 6
Let’s use a number balance to show 3 ways to make 10.
3
7 10 7 and 3 make 10.
1
9 10 9 and 1 make 10.
4
6 10 6 and 4 make 10.
7
Let’s Practice 1. Complete the number bonds. (a)
1 3 2
(b)
(c)
8
(d)
(e)
(f)
9
2. Complete the number bonds. (a)
2 4 2 There are
4
bees in all.
(b)
There are
ants in all.
There are
butterflies in all.
(c)
10
(d)
There are
frogs in all.
There are
dragonflies in all.
There are
fish in all.
(e)
(f)
11
3. Draw the missing dots and complete the number bonds of 5. (a)
1
4 5
(b)
3 5 (c)
4 5
12
4. Fill in the blanks. Complete the number bonds of 6. (a)
6 4
2
(b)
6
(c)
6
(d)
6
13
5. Fill in the blanks. Complete the number bonds of 7. (a)
7 1
6
(b)
7
(c)
(d)
14
6. Fill in the blanks. Complete the number bonds of 8. (a)
8 and
make 8.
(b)
8 and
make 8.
(c)
8 and
make 8.
(d)
8 and
make 8. 15
7. Fill in the blanks. Complete the number bonds of 9. (a)
and
make 9.
and
make 9.
and
make 9.
(b)
(c)
16
(d)
and
make
.
and
make
.
and
make
.
(e)
(f)
17
8. Fill in the blanks. Complete the number bonds of 10. (a)
and
make 10.
and
make 10.
and
make 10.
(b)
(c)
18
(d)
and
make
.
and
make
.
and
make
.
(e)
(f)
19
Hands On Play this game in groups of 3 or 4. 1. Place number cards on your table. 2. Listen to your teacher. 3. Find the cards to make the number bond. 4. How many ways can you make the number bond?
20
Solve It! 1. Jordan places 7 counters on his notebook. He covers some of the counters. How many counters did he cover? Make a number bond to find the answer.
7
Jordan covered 2.
counters.
Michelle places 9 counters on her notebook. She covers some of the counters. How many counters did she cover? Make a number bond to find the answer.
9
Michelle covered
counters. 21
At Home 1. Complete the number bonds. (a)
3 5 2 There are
5
in all.
(b)
There are
in all.
There are
in all.
(c)
22
(d)
There are
in all.
There are
in all.
There are
in all.
(e)
(f)
23
2. Complete the number bonds. (a)
and
make 10.
and
make 10.
(b)
24
(c)
and
make 10.
and
make 10.
(d)
25
3. Complete the number bonds of 6. (a) (b)
5
1
4 6
6 (c) (d)
2
6 (e) (f)
0
6 26
1 6 3
4. Complete the number bonds of 7. (a) (b)
3
6
7 (c) (d)
2
7
0 7
7 (e) (f)
4
5
7 27
5. Complete the number bonds of 8. (a) (b)
2
4 8
8 (c) (d)
1
8 (e) (f)
3
8 28
6 8 8
6. Complete the number bonds of 9. (a) (b)
3
1
9 (c) (d)
5
9
0 9
9 (e) (f)
4
2
9 29
7 . Complete the number bonds of 10. (a) (b)
6
7
10
10
(c) (d)
5
10
10 (e) (f)
1
10 30
1
0
Solve It! How many cubes in all? Complete the number bond to find the answer. (a)
,
There are
and
make
.
cubes in all.
(b)
,
There are
and
make
.
cubes in all. 31
Number Stories Let’s Learn Let’s make a number story.
The monkeys are playing in the forest. 4 monkeys are in the tree. 3 monkeys are on the ground. There are 7 monkeys in all. 32
4 7 3
Let’s Practice 1. Complete the number story.
There are
squirrels.
squirrels are eating. squirrels are sleeping. 33
2. Complete the number stories.
(a) There are
are boys.
are girls.
(b) There are
children.
children.
children are standing.
children are sitting.
34
3. Draw animals. Make your own number story.
35
At Home 1. Complete the number story.
There are
ducks.
ducks are in the water. ducks are on the grass. 36
2. Complete the number stories.
(a) There are
toys.
are on the shelf.
are on the floor.
(b) There are
toys.
toys are teddy bears.
toys are dolls. 37
Solve It! 1. How many turtles are on land? How many turtles are in the water? How many turtles are there in all?
4 4
38
0
2. Use the table to write the different number of turtles that can be in and out of the water. Turtles out of the water
Turtles in the water
39
Looking Back 1. Complete the number bond. (a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
40
2. Complete the number bond. (a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
41
3. Fill in the blanks. Complete the number bond. (a)
and
make
.
and
make
.
(b)
42
4. Complete the number stories. (a)
There are
chickens.
There are
rabbits.
There are
animals in all.
(b)
books are on the shelf.
books are on the floor.
There are
books in all. 43
2
Addition to 10
Anchor Task
44
45
Adding by Counting On Let’s Learn There are 4 blue cubes and 3 yellow cubes. How many cubes are there in all? Let’s put the cubes together and count.
1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7.
4 7 3 4 and 3 make 7. 4+3=7 There are 7 cubes in all. 46
Count on from the greater number. How many apples in all?
6 8 6
7
2
8
6 and 2 make 8. 6+2=8 There are 8 apples in all.
How many flowers in all? 7
7 and 3 make 10. 7 + 3 = 10 There are 10 flowers in all.
8
9
10
7 10 3 47
Let’s Practice 1. Put together and count. (a)
3
+
There are
2
=
5
5 cubes in all.
(b)
+
=
There are
cubes in all.
(c)
+
=
There are
cubes in all.
(d)
+ There are 48
= cubes in all.
(e)
+
=
There are
cubes in all.
(f)
+
=
There are
cubes in all.
(g)
+
=
There are
cubes in all.
(h)
+ There are
= cubes in all.
49
2. Put together and count. (a)
2
+
3
=
(b)
+
=
+
=
+
=
(c)
(d)
50
5
(e)
+
=
+
=
+
=
+
=
(f)
(g)
(h)
51
3. Add by counting on from the greater number. (a)
3
4
+
=
+
=
(b)
52
5
(c)
+
=
+
=
(d)
53
Hands On Play this game in pairs! 1. Pick a card. What is 5 + 3?
2. Show it to your partner. Have them add aloud by counting on. 5, 6, 7, 8. 5 + 3 is 8.
3. Switch roles and let your partner pick a card. 54
Solve It! Where is the bee?
1
1.
2
4
3
6
7
8
9
10
The bee starts on flower 2 and flies forward 2 flowers. Where is the bee now? Write an addition equation. +
=
The bee is on flower 2.
5
now.
The bee flies forward 4 more flowers. Where is the bee now? Write an addition equation. +
=
The bee is on flower
now.
55
At Home 1 . Add by counting on from the greater number. Complete the number bond. (a)
4 6 2
+
=
+
=
(b)
56
(c)
+
=
+
=
(d)
57
2. Color the dots a different color for each number. Complete the equation. (a)
1+3= (b)
3+4= (c)
6+2= (d)
9+0=
58
4
(e)
5+5= (f)
7+3= (g)
3+5= (h)
2+7= (i)
5+4= 59
Let’s Practice 1. Complete the number bond. Write 2 addition equations. (a)
= 5
4
+ 4 = 5
1
4 + 1
1
(b)
60
+
=
+
=
5
(c)
+
=
+
=
+
=
+
=
(d)
61
2. Use the numbers to make 2 addition equations. Make a number bond. (a)
3
+
4
=
7
3
4
+
3
=
7
4
(b) +
=
+
=
+
=
+
=
+
=
+
=
(c)
(d)
62
7
(e) +
=
+
=
+
=
+
=
+
=
+
=
+
=
+
=
(f)
(g)
(h)
63
Hands On Play this game in groups of 4! 1. Player 1 chooses 2 cards.
2. Players 2, 3 and 4 write a number bond and 2 addition equations.
3. The first player to finish chooses the next cards!
64
Solve It! 1. Use these numbers to make 4 addition equations.
+
=
+
=
+
=
+
=
2. Use these numbers to make 5 addition equations.
+
=
+
=
+
=
+
=
+
=
65
At Home 1. Use 2 different colors to show ways to make 5. (a)
3
+
2
=
(b)
+
=
+
=
+
=
(c)
(d)
66
5
2. Use 2 different colors to show ways to make 6. (a)
+
=
+
=
+
=
+
=
(b)
(c)
(d)
67
3. Use 2 different colors to show ways to make 7. (a)
+
=
+
=
+
=
+
=
(b)
(c)
(d)
68
4. Use 2 different colors to show ways to make 8. (a)
+
=
+
=
+
=
+
=
(b)
(c)
(d)
69
5. Use 2 different colors to show ways to make 9. (a)
+
=
+
=
+
=
+
=
(b)
(c)
(d)
70
6. Use 2 different colors to show ways to make 10. (a)
+
=
+
=
+
=
+
=
(b)
(c)
(d)
71
7. Match the kites to the children to make 6. 4
1
3
5
0
3
2
1
6
5
8. Match the monkeys to the bananas to make 7.
1
0 72
4
3
7
3
5
4
6
2
9. Match the bees to the beehives to make 8.
0
4
5
2
7
3
1
6
8
4
10. Match the mice to the cheese to make 9.
5
9
3
2
1
6
8
7
0
4 73
11. Match the letters to mailboxes to make 10.
74
2
3
5
8
7
6
9
5
4
1
Hands On Play this game in pairs. 1. Place 10 counters on your table. 2. Player 1 closes their eyes. Player 2 hides some counters under a cup.
3. Player 1 opens their eyes and says how many counters are under the cup.
4. A player gets 1 point if they are correct. 5. Switch rolls. The first player to get 5 correct is the winner. 75
Hands On Play this game in pairs. 1. Each player puts a counter on ‘Start’. 2. Take turns in rolling a dice. Move your counter forward the number of spaces shown on the dice. 3. Answer the addition equation. If you answer incorrectly, move your counter back to the start. The first player to the finish is the winner!
1+8
3+2
2+8
5+2
2+4
1+3 1+3
2+6
6+3 1+6
1+9
8+2
5+5 3+3
0+3 2+7
4+5
4+4
4+1 0+3
5+3
76
2+2
6+0
10 + 0
3+7
Vertical Addition Let’s Learn Add the dots. We can add across, like this.
5+1=6
We can also add down, like this.
5 + 1 6 77
Let’s Practice 1. Add. (a)
3 +
1 4
(b)
+
(c)
+
(d)
+
78
(e)
+
(f)
+
(g)
+
(h)
+
79
2. Add. (a)
2 + 1
(b)
3 + 2
(c)
5 + 5
(d)
6 + 3
(e)
5 + 2
(f)
6 + 4
(g)
4 + 0
(h)
9 + 0
(i)
2 + 2
(j)
2 + 4
(k)
3 + 4
(l)
8 + 1
(m)
5 + 1
(n)
2 + 0
(o)
3 + 7
80
At Home 1. Add. (a) 1 + 2 =
(b) 5 + 2 =
(c) 4 + 2 =
(d) 0 + 6 =
(e) 5 + 3 =
(f) 8 + 2 =
(g) 4 + 6 =
(h) 4 + 5 =
(i) 1 + 7 =
(j) 3 + 1 =
(k) 6 + 3 =
(l) 4 + 3 =
(m) 3 + 3 =
(n) 3 + 2 =
(o) 6 + 2 =
(p) 1 + 9 =
(q) 0 + 10 =
(r) 7 + 3 =
(s) 4 + 6 =
(t) 5 + 5 =
81
2. Add. (a)
8 + 0
(b)
4 + 4
(c)
7 + 1
(d)
6 + 1
(e)
3 + 6
(f)
4 + 6
(g)
6 + 0
(h)
1 + 8
(i)
2 + 5
(j)
5 + 5
(k)
4 + 3
(l)
3 + 3
(m)
1 + 1
(n)
0 + 3
(o)
3 + 7
82
3. Fill in the missing numbers. (a) 4 + (c)
=6 +2=7
(b) 7 + (d)
=7 +8=9
(e) 2 +
=8
(f) 4 +
=9
(g) 3 +
=9
(h) 4 +
= 10
(i) (k) 1 + (m)
+ 5 = 10 =9 + 2 = 10
(j) (l) 3 + (n)
(o) 4 +
=8
(p) 5 +
(q) 7 +
=9
(r) 10 +
(s)
+3=7
(t)
+5=6 =6 +2=4 =8 = 10 +3=4
83
Solve It! Fill in the blanks. What is the rule? (a)
1
3
2
2 The rule is (b)
4 +1
3
6
6
84
3
.
2
The rule is
5
5 .
4
9
(c)
3
5
5
7
The rule is
.
(d)
3
4
8 The rule is
4
8
6
2
7
6
6
.
85
Addition Word Problems Let’s Learn Halle has 2 apples. She also has 3 bananas. How many fruits does Halle have in all?
2 5 3 2+3=5 Halle has 5 fruits in all. There are 4 chocolate ice creams. There are 4 strawberry ice creams. How many ice creams are there in all?
4 8 4 4+4=8 There are 8 ice creams in all. 86
Let’s make 2 addition stories.
There are 3 boys. There are 7 girls. 3 + 7 = 10 There are 10 children in all. There are 5 children in the blue team. There are 5 children in the yellow team. 5 + 5 = 10 There are 10 children in all.
3 10 7 5 10 5
87
Let’s Practice 1.
There are
toy cars.
There are
toy trains.
+
=
There are
toys in all.
2.
Riley has
flowers.
Keira gives her + Riley has 88
more flowers.
= flowers in all.
3.
Blake spots +
ladybugs and
ants.
=
Blake spots
animals in all.
4.
Michelle has + Michelle has
green socks and
red socks.
= socks in all.
89
At Home 1.
Dominic has He buys
+
fish. more fish. =
Dominic has
fish in all.
2.
ants are having lunch.
more ants join them.
+
There are 90
= ants in all.
3.
There are
blue crabs.
There are
red crabs.
+
=
There are
crabs in all.
crabs are on the rocks.
crabs are in the water.
+
There are
= crabs in all. 91
Looking Back 1. Put together and add. (a)
+
=
There are
cubes in all.
(b)
+
=
There are
shapes in all.
2. Count on to add.
+
There are 92
= flowers in all.
3. Complete the number bond. Write two addition equations.
+
=
+
=
(c)
3 + 5
4. Complete the equations. (a) 6 + 2 =
(b) 4 + 5 =
(c) 1 + 5 =
(d) 5 + 5 =
(e) 1 +
= 9 (f) 10 +
= 10
5. Add. (a)
6 + 3
(b)
2 + 8
93
3
Subtraction Within 10
Anchor Task
94
95
Subtracting by Taking Away Let’s Learn There are 7 penguins on the ice. 3 penguins jump into the water.
part
7 take away 3 is 4. 7–3=4 There are 4 penguins left on the ice.
whole
4
7 3 part
96
There are 9 cubes on the plate. Take away 4 cubes.
4
9 take away 4 is 5. 9–4=5 There are 5 cubes left on the plate.
9 5
There are 10 cubes. Cross out 2 cubes. 10
2 10
8
2
8
10 take away 2 is 8. 10 – 2 = 8 There are 8 cubes left.
97
Let’s Practice 1. Cross out to subtract. Complete the equation. (a)
4–2= (b)
6–1= (c)
5–3= (d)
8–2=
98
2
(e)
9–4= (f)
8–5= (g)
7–4= (h)
10 – 2 = (i)
10 – 5 =
99
2. Write the subtraction equation. (a)
4
–
1
=
(b)
–
=
–
=
(c)
100
3
(d)
–
=
–
=
–
=
–
=
(e)
(f)
(g)
1 01
3. Make a number bond. Complete the equation. (a)
6
–
=
–
=
–
=
(b)
(c)
1 02
4
2
(d)
–
=
–
=
–
=
–
=
(e)
(f)
(g)
103
Hands On Play this game in pairs! 1. Pick a card.
2. Show it to your partner. Have them show the equation by making groups of counters. 3. Say the subtraction equation together. 10 — 3 = 7
104
Solve It! Halle has 9 marbles. She puts some marbles into a cup. Make number bonds to show how many marbles are in each cup. (a)
9 2
(b)
7 9
(c)
(d)
105
At Home 1. Make a number bond. Complete the equation. (a)
3 7 7
–
3
=
(b)
–
=
–
=
–
=
(c)
(d)
106
4
4
(e)
–
=
–
=
–
=
–
=
(f)
(g)
(h)
107
2. Write the subtraction equation. (a)
6
–
2
=
(b)
–
=
–
=
–
=
(c)
(d)
108
4
(e)
–
=
–
=
–
=
–
=
(f)
(g)
(h)
109
Subtracting by Counting Back Let’s Learn A monkey has 8 bananas. It eats 3 bananas. How many bananas does it have left?
Start at 8 and count back 3 steps.
Count back from 8.
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
8 take away 3 is 5. 8–3=5 The monkey has 5 bananas left.
110
7
8
There are 9 leaves on a branch. 4 leaves fall to the ground. How many leaves are left on the branch?
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
8
9
9–4=5 There are 5 leaves left on the branch. Find 10 minus 5.
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
10
10 – 5 = 5
111
Let’s Practice 1. Count back. Complete the subtraction equation. (a)
0
1
2
3
4
5
2
3
4
5
3
5 – 2 = (b)
0 6 – 3 = 112
1
6
(c)
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
9 – 4 = (d)
0
10
10 – 2 = 113
At Home Count back. Complete the subtraction equation. (a)
6
–
2
=
(b)
–
=
–
=
–
=
(c)
(d)
114
4
(e)
–
=
–
=
–
=
–
=
(f)
(g)
(h)
115
Hands On Play this game in pairs! 1. Pick a card from the pack. What is 10 – 3?
2. Show it to your partner. Have them subtract by counting back aloud. 10, 9, 8, 7. 10 – 3 is 7.
3. Switch roles and let your partner pick a card. 116
Let’s Practice 1. Complete the number bond. Write 2 subtraction equations. (a)
5
–
3
=
2
5
–
2
=
3
5 2
3
(b)
–
=
–
=
–
=
–
=
(c)
117
2. Complete the number bond. Write 2 subtraction equations. (a)
6
–
2
=
4
6
–
4
=
2
(b)
–
=
–
=
–
=
–
=
(c)
118
6 2
4
3. Complete the number bond. Write 2 subtraction equations. (a)
–
=
–
=
–
=
–
=
–
=
–
=
7
(b)
(c)
119
4. Complete the number bond. Write 2 subtraction equations. (a)
–
=
–
=
–
=
–
=
(b)
120
8
(c)
–
=
–
=
–
=
–
=
(d)
121
5. Complete the number bond. Write 2 subtraction equations. (a)
–
=
–
=
–
=
–
=
(b)
1 22
9
(c)
–
=
–
=
–
=
–
=
(d)
123
6. Complete the number bond. Write 2 subtraction equations. (a)
–
=
–
=
–
=
–
=
–
=
–
=
(b)
(c)
124
10
(d)
–
=
–
=
–
=
–
=
(e)
125
Hands On Play this game in groups of 4! 1. Player 1 chooses 2 number cards.
2. Players 2, 3 and 4 race to write a number bond and 2 subtraction equations.
3. The first player to finish chooses the next cards!
126
Solve It! 1. Use these numbers to make 5 subtraction equations. You can use the numbers more than once.
–
=
–
=
–
=
–
=
–
=
2. Use these numbers to make 6 subtraction equations. You can use the numbers more than once.
–
=
–
=
–
=
–
=
–
=
–
=
127
At Home Use the numbers to make a number bond. Write 2 subtraction equations. (a)
5
–
2
=
3
5
–
3
=
2
(b) –
=
–
=
–
=
–
=
–
=
–
=
(c)
(d)
1 28
5
2 3
(e) –
=
–
=
–
=
–
=
–
=
–
=
–
=
–
=
(f)
(g)
(h)
129
Let’s Practice Complete the number bond. Write the number fact family. (a)
2
5
3 +
=
–
=
+
=
–
=
+
=
–
=
+
=
–
=
(b)
130
(c)
+
=
–
=
+
=
–
=
+
=
–
=
+
=
–
=
(d)
131
(e)
+
=
–
=
+
=
–
=
+
=
–
=
+
=
–
=
(f)
1 32
(g)
+
=
–
=
+
=
–
=
+
=
–
=
+
=
–
=
(h)
133
(i)
+
=
–
=
+
=
–
=
+
=
–
=
+
=
–
=
(j)
1 34
(k)
+
=
–
=
+
=
–
=
+
=
–
=
+
=
–
=
(l)
135
Hands On Play this game in groups of 4! 1. Player 1 chooses 2 number cards.
2. Players 2, 3 and 4 race to write a number bond and a number fact family.
3. The first player to finish chooses the next cards! 136
Solve It! Use these numbers to make 6 equations. You can use the numbers more than once. (a)
+
=
–
=
+
=
–
=
+
=
–
=
+
=
–
=
+
=
–
=
+
=
–
=
(b)
137
At Home Use the numbers to make a number fact family. (a)
5
4
1
+
=
+
=
–
=
–
=
+
=
+
=
–
=
–
=
+
=
+
=
–
=
–
=
(b) 5
7
2
(c) 3
138
6
9
(d)
7
8
1
+
=
+
=
–
=
–
=
+
=
+
=
–
=
–
=
+
=
+
=
–
=
–
=
(e)
10
6
4
(f)
2
10
8
139
Vertical Subtraction Let’s Learn Subtract the dots.
We can subtract across, like this.
7–2=5
We can also subtract down, like this.
7 – 2 5 140
Let’s Practice 1. Subtract. (a)
6 –
(b)
3
–
3 (c)
(d) –
(e)
–
(f) –
–
(h)
(g) –
–
1 41
2. Subtract. (a)
3 – 2
(b)
8 – 7
(c)
9 – 8
(d)
4 – 2
(e)
9 – 4
(f)
9 – 6
(g)
6 – 3
(h)
7 – 7
(i)
1 – 0
(j)
3 – 0
(k)
8 – 1
(l)
7 – 2
(m)
5 – 3
(n)
8 – 6
(o)
8 – 2
142
At Home 1. Subtract. (a) 2 – 1 =
(b) 5 – 2 =
(c) 5 – 3 =
(d) 7 – 0 =
(e) 6 – 3 =
(f) 7 – 6 =
(g) 8 – 7 =
(h) 9 – 9 =
(i) 10 – 4 =
(j) 10 – 9 =
(k) 9 – 6 =
(l) 4 – 0 =
(m) 7 – 5 =
(n) 6 – 4 =
(o) 10 – 2 =
(p) 10 – 3 =
(q) 8 – 6 =
(r) 10 – 5 =
(s) 4 – 1 =
(t) 8 – 4 =
143
2. Subtract. (a)
7 – 1
(b)
8 – 3
(c)
9 – 3
(d)
4 – 3
(e)
9 – 9
(f)
3 – 1
(g)
8 – 3
(h)
7 – 6
(i)
1 – 1
(j)
9 – 7
(k)
2 – 1
(l)
8 – 4
(m)
9 – 5
(n)
8 – 0
(o)
9 – 1
144
3. Fill in the missing numbers. (a) 4 – (c)
=1 –5=2
(b) 5 – (d)
=4 –5=4
(e) 9 –
=3
(f) 10 –
(g) 7 –
=3
(h) 9 –
=9
–1=7
(j) 6 –
=2
(i)
=3
4. Complete the equations. (a) 2 + 0 =
(b) 6 + 4 =
(c) 7 - 3 =
(d) 7 - 1 =
(e) 5 - 3 =
(f) 8 - 5 =
(g) 8 + 2 =
(h) 1 + 6 =
(i) 10 - 3 =
(j) 4 + 5 =
145
Solve It! Fill in the blanks. What is the rule? (a)
4
3
3 The rule is (b)
2 –1
7
5
The rule is
6
1
.
5
146
2
6
3 .
4
4
(c)
9
7
5 The rule is (d)
8
3
4
.
5
6
2 The rule is
5
9
3
7
6
.
147
Subtraction Word Problems Let’s Learn There are 8 ladybugs on a branch. 3 ladybugs fly away. How many ladybugs are left on the branch?
3 8 5
8–3=5 There are 5 ladybugs left on the branch. There are 6 toys on the shelf. Wyatt takes 2 toys. How many toys are left on the shelf?
2 6 4 6–2=4 There are 4 toys left on the shelf. 1 48
There are 10 insects. 4 insects are dragonflies. 10 – 4 = 6 6 insects are butterflies.
There are 10 insects. 7 insects are flying. 10 – 7 = 3 3 insects are resting.
10
4 6
7 10 3
149
Let’s Practice 1.
There are
leaves on the branch.
fall away. –
=
There are
leaves left on the branch.
2.
Sophie has
flowers.
She gives – Sophie has 150
flowers to Chelsea. = flowers left.
3.
There are
balls in all.
are soccer balls. –
=
are basketballs. 4.
There are
shells.
are washed away. – There are
= shells left. 1 51
At Home 1.
There are
children playing in the park.
children walk home. –
=
children are left in the park. 2.
Blake has He gives – Blake has 152
balloons. balloons to Keira. = balloons left.
3.
There are
animals.
are squirrels. –
=
are rabbits.
There are
animals.
are eating. –
=
are sleeping.
1 53
Looking Back 1. Cross out to subtract. Complete the equation. (a)
8–3= (b)
10 – 4 = 2. Complete the number bond. Write a subtraction equation. (a)
–
=
–
=
(b)
154
3. Count back to subtract. Write a subtraction equation. (a)
–
=
–
=
(b)
4. Complete the number bond. Write 2 subtraction equations. (a)
–
=
–
=
–
=
–
=
(b)
155
5. Use the numbers to make a family of number facts.
5
8
3
6. Complete the subtraction story.
There are
turtles.
turtles are in the water. –
=
turtles are on the sand. 156
+
=
+
=
–
=
–
=
7. Complete the equations. (a) 10 + 0 = (c) 1 + 8 = (e) 4 +
(b) 5 – 4 = (d) 7 + 2 = = 9 (f) 10 –
(g) 6 – 2 =
(h) 2 + 5 =
(i) 7 – 7 =
(j) 5 + 3 =
(k) 1 +
= 4 (l) 10 –
=4
=2
8. Fill in the blanks. (a)
6 – 3
(b)
2 + 8
(c)
8 – 4
(d)
6 + 1
(e)
8 – 5
(f)
3 + 6
1 57
4
Addition to 20
Remember This! Put the cubes together and count. How many cubes in all?
4
2 6
4 and 2 make 6. 4+2=6 There are 6 cubes in all. Count on from the greater number. How many cubes in all?
7
7 and 3 make 10. 7 + 3 = 10 There are 10 cubes in all. 158
8
9
10
7 10 3
Have a Go! Add. (a)
+
=
+
=
+
=
+
=
+
=
(b)
(c) (d) (e)
159
Anchor Task
160
161
Adding by Counting On Let’s Learn Chelsea has 8 teddy bears. Sophie gives her 3 more teddy bears. How many teddy bears does Chelsea have now? Count on from the greater number.
8 8 + 3 = 11 Chelsea has 11 teddy bears now.
1 62
9
10
11
How many cubes in all?
10
9
11
12
13
14
9 + 5 = 14 There are 14 cubes in all. Dominic reads 13 books. Michelle reads 4 books. How many books did they read in all?
13
14
15
16
17
13 + 4 = 17 Dominic and Michelle read 17 books in all. Find 16 + 4. 8
9
10
11
12 13 14 15 16 17
18 19 20
16 + 4 = 20
163
Let’s Practice 1. Add by counting on. (a)
10
9
9
+
2
=
(b)
164
+
=
11
11
(c)
+
=
(d)
+
= 165
2. Add by counting on. Write an addition equation. (a)
12
+
2
=
(b)
+
=
+
=
(c)
166
14
(d)
+
=
+
=
+
=
(e)
(f)
1 67
Hands On Play this game in pairs! 1. Place 20 counters in a bag. 2. Take turns to pick a handful of counters from the bag.
3. Place the counters on your table. Group them by color. Now put them together. 4. Count on from the greater number to add.
5. Write an addition equation. 168
Solve It! Where is the bee?
7
8
10
9
11
12
13
14
15
16
1. The bee starts on flower 9 and flies forward 3 flowers. Where is the bee now? Write an addition equation.
+
=
The bee is on flower
now.
2. The bee flies forward 4 more flowers. Where is the bee now? Write an addition equation.
+
=
The bee is on flower
now. 169
At Home 1. Add by counting on. Write an addition equation. (a)
12
13
+
=
+
=
(b)
170
14
15
(c)
+
=
+
=
(d)
171
2. Add by counting on the number line. Complete the equations. 8
9
10
11
12 13 14 15 16 17
(a) 8 + 2 =
(b) 9 + 4 =
(c) 9 + 3 =
(d) 17 + 2 =
(e) 9 + 5 =
(f) 16 + 4 =
(g) 11 + 3 =
(h) 12 + 3 =
(i) 12 + 4 =
(j) 16 + 3 =
(k) 13 + 3 =
(l) 12 + 5 =
(m) 14 + 3 =
(n) 18 + 2 =
(o) 13 + 5 =
(p) 17 + 3 =
172
18 19 20
3. Add by counting on the number line. Complete the equations.
8
9
10
11
Count the number of steps.
12 13 14 15 16 17
18 19 20
(a) 9 +
= 11 (b) 14 +
= 18
(c) 8 +
= 12 (d) 17 +
= 20
(e) 12 +
= 15 (f) 14 +
= 15
(g) 14 +
= 16 (h) 15 +
= 20
(i) 10 +
= 15 (j) 16 +
= 19
(k) 12 +
= 16 (l) 19 +
= 20
(m) 14 +
= 16 (n) 15 +
= 18
(o) 15 +
= 19 (p) 13 +
= 17
173
Adding by Making 10 Let’s Learn Jordan has 8 seashells. Riley gives him 5 more. How many seashells does Jordan have now? 8
5
Make a group of 10 and then add the groups. 3
10
10 + 3 = 13 Jordan has 13 seashells now.
8 + 5 = 13 10 + 3 = 13 174
8 + 5 = 10 + 3 = 13 2 3
There are 9 orange cubes and 5 purple cubes. How many cubes are there in all?
9
5
10 10 + 4 = 14 There are 14 cubes altogether. Find 8 + 7.
4 9 + 5 = 10 + 4 = 14 1 4
8 + 7 = 10 + 5 = 15 175
Let’s Practice 1. Circle a set of 10. Complete the equation. (a)
6+5=
(b)
176
8+4=
11
(c)
8+7=
(d)
5+8=
177
2. Circle a set of 10. Complete the equation. (a)
8 + 4 =
10
=
12
+
(b)
9 + 5 = =
178
+
2
(c)
7 + 6 =
+
= (d)
9 + 7 =
+
=
179
3. Circle a set of 10. Complete the number bond and the equation. (a)
9 + 4 9 + 4 =
10
= 1 3
13
+
(b)
7 + 8 7 + 8 = =
180
+
3
(c)
5 + 9 5 + 9 =
+
=
(d)
8 + 8 8 + 8 =
+
=
181
Hands On Play this game in pairs! 1. Place 20 cubes in a bag. 2. Take turns to pick a handful of cubes from the bag.
3. Place the cubes on your table. 4. Connect the cubes to make a ten first.
5. Write an addition equation like this. 8 + 7 = 10 + 5 = 15 8 + 7 = 15 182
At Home 1. Circle a set of 10. Complete the equation. (a)
9+8=
(b)
9+7= 183
(c)
6+9=
(d)
184
7+7=
2. Complete the number bond and the equation. (a) 8 + 6 =
+
= 2 4 (b) 9 + 3 =
+
= (c) 7 + 5 =
+
= (d) 9 + 8 = = (e) 7 + 6 =
+ +
=
185
Doubles and Near Doubles Let’s Learn We can use doubles to add. A double is when both numbers we are adding are the same. Double 1 1+1=2
Double 2 2+2=4
Double 3 3+3=6
Double 4 4+4=8
Double 5 5 + 5 = 10
186
Double 6 6 + 6 = 12
Double 7 7 + 7 = 14
Double 8 8 + 8 = 16
Double 9 9 + 9 = 18
Double 10 10 + 10 = 20
1 87
We can use near doubles to add. Let’s find 7 + 8. 7 + 8 is the same as double 7 and 1 more.
Double 7 is 14.
7 + 7 = 14
7 + 8 = 14 + 1 = 15
1 88
14 and 1 more is 15.
14 + 1 = 15
Let’s find 7 + 6. 7 + 6 is the same as double 7 and 1 less.
Double 7 is 14.
7 + 7 = 14
14 and 1 less is 13.
14 – 1 = 13
7 + 6 = 14 – 1 = 13
189
Let’s Practice 1. Use doubles to write an addition equation. Complete the sentence. (a)
4
+
4
=
8
Double
4
is
8
.
(b) +
=
Double
is
.
+
=
Double
is
.
+
=
Double
is
.
+
=
Double
is
.
(c)
(d)
(e)
190
2. Use doubles to add. (a) 2 + 2 = (b) 4 + 4 = (c) 8 + 8 = (d) 10 + 10 = 3. Use doubles to add. (a) (b) 1
+ 1
(c) (d) 7
+ 7
(e) (f) 6
+ 6
3 + 3
9 + 9
5 + 5
191
4. Use doubles and near doubles to complete the equations. (a)
4 + 4 =
4 + 5 =
4 + 3 =
7 + 6 =
7 + 8 =
5+6=
5 + 4 =
(b)
7 + 7 = (c)
5 + 5 =
192
(d)
8 + 8 =
8 + 9 =
8 + 7 =
9 + 8 =
9 + 10 =
(e)
9 + 9 =
193
At Home Use doubles and near doubles to add. (a) 5 + 5 =
5 + 6 =
5 + 4 =
(b) 6 + 6 =
6 + 7 =
6 + 5 =
(c) 8 + 8 =
8 + 7 =
8 + 9 =
(d) 10 + 10 =
10 + 9 =
(e)
3 + 3
3 + 2
3 + 4
(f)
7 + 7
7 + 8
7 + 6
(g)
9 + 9
9 + 8
9 + 10
194
Solve It! What number is each child thinking about? 1. If you double my number and add 1 more, you get 15.
Ethan is thinking of the number 2.
.
1 less than double my number is 13.
Sophie is thinking of the number 3.
.
2 more than double my number is 20.
Keira is thinking of the number
.
195
1-digit and 2-digit Addition Let’s Learn Add the dots. 10
4
14 10
4
10 and 4 make 14. 10 + 4 = 14 Add 10 and 8. 10
8 18 is 10 and 8. 10 + 8 = 18
196
18 10
8
Ethan has 12 cookies. Jordan gives him 4 more cookies. How many cookies does Ethan have now?
12 First, make a group of 10.
10
4 Then add the ones.
2+4=6
12 + 4 = 10 + 4 + 2 = 10 + 6 10 = 2 16 12 + 4 = 16
12 + 4 = 16 10 + 6 = 16
197
Find 13 + 5.
13
5
10
8
15 + 3 = 10 + 3 + 5 = 10 + 8 10 = 5 18 15 + 3 = 18
1 98
15 + 3 = 18 10 + 8 = 18
Let’s Practice 1. Complete the number bond and addition equation. (a) 10
5
10
5 15
10 + 5 = (b) 10
9
+
=
(c) 10
7
+
= 199
2. Complete the number bond and addition equation. (a) 13 + 4
10 13 + 4 =
10
+
3
=
10
+
7
+
3
4
= (b) 12 + 7
12 + 7 =
+
=
+
=
2 00
+
(c) 15 + 3
15 + 3 =
+
=
+
+
= (d) 15 + 5
15 + 5 =
+
=
+
+
=
2 01
3. Complete the number bond and addition equation. (a)
14 + 2 14 + 2 =
(b)
16
10
4 15 + 4
15 + 4 = (c)
12 + 5 12 + 5 =
(d)
11 + 8 11 + 8 =
(e)
16 + 4 16 + 4 =
202
4. Add. (a) 14 + 2 =
10
=
16
(b) 15 + 3 =
+
6
+
= (c) 12 + 5 =
+
= (d) 13 + 6 =
+
= (e) 16 + 4 =
+
= (f) 14 + 5 =
+
=
203
Solve It! 1. Fill in the missing numbers. (a)
Look! 8 + 1 = 9 What’s the rule?
11 2 1
9 1
8
(b)
(c)
9 7
2
5
5
1
(d)
0
(e)
6 2 2 04
10
3
14 2
5
8
2. Fill in the missing numbers. (a)
2 add 9 is 11.
2
9 11
4
(b)
7
8
7
(c)
9
8
2
15
13
6
15 11 (d)
(e)
3 20 8
0 205
At Home 1. Complete the number bond and addition equation. (a)
13 + 5
10 13 + 5 =
10
=
18
+
(b)
14 + 5 =
3
8
14 + 5
+
= (c)
14 + 6 = = 206
14 + 6
+
(d)
16 + 2 =
16 + 2
+
= (e)
12 + 5 =
12 + 5
+
= (f)
11 + 8 =
11 + 8
+
=
207
2. Complete the addition equations. (a)
14 + 4 = (b)
5 + 11 = (c)
13 + 6 = 208
(d)
16 + 3 = (e)
8 + 12 = (f)
17 + 2 =
209
3. Add. (a) 12 + 7 =
10
=
19
(b) 14 + 2 =
+
9
+
=
(c) 17 + 3 =
+
=
(d) 13 + 6=
+
= 4. Add. (a) 11 + 5 =
(b) 4 + 11 =
(c) 4 + 15 =
(d) 17 + 3 =
(e) 13 + 3 =
(f) 13 + 5 =
(g) 8 + 12 =
(h) 12 + 6 =
21 0
Solve It! Fill in the blanks. What is the rule? (a)
12
9
16 The rule is (b)
13
13 +4
5
The rule is
17
.
12
11
15
8
18
14
14
.
211
Adding 3 Numbers Let’s Learn We can add 3 numbers in any order. How many cubes are there in all?
2
3
6
Let’s put together and count.
11
2+6+3=8+3 = 11 There are 11 cubes altogether. You can use a number line to help you add.
1 212
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12 13
We can use doubles to help add 3 numbers. How many cupcakes are there in all? 6 Double 6 is 12. Now add 3.
6 3 6 + 6 + 3 = 12 + 3 = 15 There are 15 cupcakes altogether. We can make 10 to help add 3 numbers. How many fruits are there altogether? 8
4
8 and 2 make 10. Now add 4.
2 8 + 4 + 2 = 10 + 4 = 14 213
Let’s Practice 1. Put the cubes together and count. (a) 2 + 3 + 1 = (b) 6 + 3 + 3 = (c) 2 + 7 + 5 = (d) 9 + 2 + 4 = (e) 5 + 5 + 5 = (f) 2 + 8 + 6 =
21 4
2. Add by finding doubles. (a) 2 + 2 + 1 =
4
= 4
5
(b) 6 + 5 + 6 =
+
1
+
= (c) 3 + 4 + 4 =
+
= (d) 9 + 9 + 2 =
+
= (e) 5 + 7 + 7 =
+
= (f) 8 + 2 + 8 =
+
=
215
3. Add by making a 10. (a) 5 + 5 + 8 =
10
=
18
(b) 2 + 5 + 8 =
+
+
= (c) 9 + 4 + 6 =
+
= (d) 9 + 1 + 3 =
+
= (e) 6 + 7 + 3 =
+
= (f) 5 + 5 + 2 = =
21 6
+
8
4. Add the dots. (a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)
(f)
(g)
(h)
3+3+5=
6+5+7=
+
+
=
+
+
=
+
+
=
+
+
=
+
+
=
+
+
=
217
5. Add. (a) 3 + 3 + 9 = (b) 7 + 4 + 8 = (c) 5 + 6 + 2 = (d) 8 + 7 + 5 = 6. Add. (a)
6 2 + 2
(b)
8 2 + 4
(c)
6 6 + 5
(d)
6 9 + 5
218
Addition Word Problems Let’s Learn In a field there are 8 squirrels and 5 rabbits. How many squirrels and rabbits are there in all?
8 13 5 8 + 5 = 13 There are 13 squirrels and rabbits in all. Halle walks up 6 steps. She then walks up another 12 steps. How many steps does Halle walk up in all?
6 18 12 6 + 12 = 18 Halle walks up 18 steps in all. 219
Let’s Practice 1. Wyatt borrows 8 books from the library. Blake borrows 6 books from the library. How many books do Wyatt and Blake borrow in all?
= Wyatt and Blake borrow
books in all.
2. There are 7 cookies in a jar. Keira puts 5 more cookies in the jar. How many cookies are in the jar now?
= There are 22 0
cookies in the jar now.
3. Mrs Miller has 12 eggs. She buys 6 more eggs. How many eggs does Mrs Miller have now?
= Mrs Miller has
eggs now.
4. Ethan has 9 computer games. Dominic has 6 more computer games than Ethan. How many computer games does Dominic have?
= Dominic has
computer games. 221
Looking Back 1. Count on to add. Complete the equation.
+
=
2. Add by counting on the number line. Complete the equations. 8
9
10
11
12 13 14 15 16 17
(a) 8 + 4 =
(b) 10 + 5 =
(c) 8 + 3 =
(d) 17 + 2 =
(e) 9 + 4 =
(f) 16 + 3 =
(g) 11 + 2 =
(h) 14 + 3 =
22 2
18 19 20
3. Circle a set of 10. Complete the number bond and the equation.
8 + 7 8 + 7 =
+
= 4. Make 10 first. Add. (a) 6 + 5 =
+
= (b) 9 + 6 =
+
= (c) 7 + 8 =
+
=
223
5. Complete the number bond and the equation. (a) 9 + 5 =
+
= (b) 7 + 6 =
+
= (c) 8 + 7 =
+
= 6. Use doubles and near doubles to add. (a) 4 + 4 =
4 + 5 =
4 + 3 =
(b) 7 + 7 =
7 + 8 =
7 + 6 =
(c) 8 + 8 =
8 + 7 =
8 + 9 =
224
7. Add. (a) 14 + 5 =
10
+
= (b) 15 + 4 =
+
= (c) 12 + 8 =
+
= 8. Add. (a) 7 + 3 + 9 =
(b) 8 + 6 + 2 =
(c) 4 + 4 + 7 =
(d) 5 + 3 + 5 =
9. Add. (a)
6 4 + 4
(b)
8 1 + 8
(c)
7 3 + 6
225
5
Subtraction Within 20
Remember This! There are 9 birds on a branch. 7 birds fly away. How many birds are left on the branch?
part whole
7
9 9 take away 7 is 2. 9–7=2 There are 2 birds left on the branch.
2 part
There are 10 cubes. Cross out 2 cubes. 10
2 10
8 10 take away 2 is 8. 10 – 2 = 8 There are 8 cubes left. 22 6
2
8
Have a Go! 1. Count back. Complete the subtraction equation. (a)
–
=
–
=
(b)
2. Complete the number bond. Write a subtraction equation. (a)
–
=
–
=
(b)
227
Subtracting by Counting Back Anchor Task
228
229
Let’s Learn Dominic has 11 marbles. He gives 3 marbles to Ethan. How many marbles does Dominic have now?
Count back 3 steps. 8
9
10
11 – 3 = 8 Dominic has 8 marbles now. There are 13 cubes. How many cubes are blue? Count back 4 steps. 9
9 13 – 4 = 9 9 cubes are blue. 230
10
11
12
4
13
11
Halle has 12 balloons. 5 balloons burst. How many balloons does Halle have left?
Count back on a number line.
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
12 – 5 = 7 Halle has 7 balloons left.
231
Let’s Practice 1. Count back to subtract. (a)
10 11 12 13 14
14 – 4 = (b)
9 10 11 12
12 – 3 = (c)
7 8 9 10 11 12
12 – 5 = (d)
18 – 4 =
232
14 15 16 17 18
(e)
9
10
11
12
13
13 – 4 = (f)
15 16 17 18 19
19 – 4 = (g)
12 13 14 15
15 – 3 = (h)
15 16 17 18 19 20
20 – 5 =
233
2. Use the number line to count back. Complete the equation. (a)
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19 20
18
–
2
=
16
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19 20
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19 20
(b)
–
=
(c)
8
23 4
9
–
10
11
=
(d)
8
9
10
–
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19 20
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19 20
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19 20
=
(e)
8
9
10
–
11
=
(f)
8
9
–
10
11
=
235
Hands On Play this game in pairs! 1. Make a set of cubes like in the drawing. 2. Roll a dice. 3. Count back and take away the number of cubes shown on the dice. 4. Write a subtraction equation to show how many cubes are left.
The number on the dice is –
=
The number on the dice is – 236
.
=
.
The number on the dice is –
=
The number on the dice is –
.
=
The number on the dice is –
.
.
=
237
At Home 1. Use the number line to count back. Complete the equation. (a) 8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19 20
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19 20
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19 20
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19 20
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19 20
14 – 3 = (b) 8
9
19 – 4 = (c) 8
9
12 – 3 = (d) 8
9
15 – 2 = (e) 8
9
18 – 2 = 23 8
(f) 8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19 20
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19 20
16 – 3 = (g) 8
9
20 – 4 = 2. Subtract by counting back on the number line. Complete the equations. 8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
(a) 18 – 1 =
(b) 13 – 4 =
(c) 20 – 2 =
(d) 15 – 4 =
(e) 19 – 4 =
(f) 14 – 5 =
(g) 12 – 4 =
(h) 20 – 4 =
(i) 12 – 5 =
(j) 19 – 2 =
(k) 13 – 3 =
(l) 13 – 5 =
(m) 11 – 3 =
(n) 18 – 3 =
(o) 15 – 2 =
(p) 18 – 5 =
18
19
20
239
Subtracting by Making 10 Let’s Learn We can subtract by taking away the ones and adding to a 10. There are 18 grasshoppers on a branch. 6 grasshoppers fly away. How many grasshoppers are left?
18 18 is 10 and 8.
10 18 – 6 = 12 10
8
8 – 6= 2 10 + 2 = 12 18 – 6 = 12 There are 12 grasshoppers left. 240
8–6=2
We can subtract by making 10 first. A baker has 14 pies. He sells 6 pies. How many pies does the baker have left?
10
4 First, subtract 4 to make 10.
8 14 – 6 = 8
Then, subtract 2 from the 10.
4 2 14 – 4 = 10 10 – 2 = 8 14 – 6 = 8 The baker has 8 pies left. 2 41
There are 15 birds on a fence. 9 birds fly away. How many birds are left on the fence?
First subtract 5 to leave 10.
10
5
Then, subtract 4 to leave 6. 15 – 9 = 6 6 15 – 9 = 6 There are 6 birds left on the fence. 2 42
5 4 15 – 5 = 10 10 – 4 = 6
We can also subtract from 10 first. Ethan has 13 goldfish. He gives 6 goldfish to Dominic. How many goldfish does Ethan have now? First, regroup the 13 goldfish. 13 is 10 and 3.
10
3
Next, since 6 is greater than 3, subtract 6 from 10. That leaves 4. Now add 4 and 3. 4
3
13 – 6 = 7 10
3 10 – 6 = 4 4+3=7
13 – 6 = 7 Ethan has 7 goldfish now.
243
Let’s Practice 1. Subtract the ones. (a)
14 – 2 = (b)
19 – 4 = (c)
18 – 3 = (d)
16 – 3 = 2 44
(e)
20 – 7 = (f)
18 – 6 = (g)
17 – 5 = (h)
20 – 6 =
245
2. Cross out the cubes and complete the equation. (a) 15 – 2 = (b) 18 – 4 = (c) 19 – 5 = (d) 14 – 2 = (e) 20 – 3 = (f) 19 – 6 =
2 46
3. Complete the subtraction equation. (a)
15
–
3
=
12
(b)
–
=
–
=
–
=
(c)
(d)
247
4. Fill in the blanks and complete the equations. (a)
14 – 2 =
10
4
12
4
–
2
=
2
10
+
2
=
12
(b)
18 – 5 =
2 48
–
=
+
=
(c)
18 – 4 =
–
=
+
=
–
=
+
=
–
=
+
=
(d)
17 – 5 =
(e)
19 – 6 =
249
At Home 1. Subtract. (a)
1 –
(c)
1 –
(e)
1 –
(g)
1 –
(i)
1 –
25 0
5 4
(b)
3 3
(d)
7 5
(f)
4 3
(h)
9 4
(j)
1
8 3
1
9 5
1
8 6
1
7 2
1
7 3
–
–
–
–
–
(k)
1 –
(m)
1
–
6 3
(l)
9 6
(n)
1
9 9
1
7 6
–
–
2. Subtract. (a) 15 – 5 =
(b) 18 – 5 =
(c) 12 – 1 =
(d) 19 – 2 =
(e) 17 – 3 =
(f) 16 – 6 =
(g) 19 – 4 =
(h) 13 – 2 =
(i) 20 – 3 =
(j) 19 – 8 =
(k) 20 – 6 =
(l) 16 – 4 =
(m) 18 – 4 =
(n) 14 – 3 =
(o) 13 – 3 =
(p) 18 – 2 =
2 51
3. Use doubles to add and subtract. Complete the equations. (a)
4
+
4
=
8
8
–
4
=
(b) +
=
–
=
+
=
–
=
+
=
–
=
+
=
–
=
(c)
(d)
(e)
252
4
4. Use doubles to add and subtract. Match the equations. (a) 5 + 5 =
18 – 9 =
(b) 9 + 9 =
10 – 5 =
(c) 6 + 6 =
14 – 7 =
(d) 8 + 8 =
12 – 6 =
(e) 10 + 10 =
(f) 7 + 7 =
16 – 8 =
20 – 10 =
253
Let’s Practice Fill in the blanks. Complete the equations. (a)
13 – 5 =
3
2
8
13
–
10
–
3 2
= =
(b)
17 – 8 =
–
=
–
=
–
=
–
=
(c)
15 – 9 =
254
10 8
(d)
12 – 7 =
–
=
–
=
–
=
–
=
–
=
–
=
(e)
14 – 6 =
(f)
18 – 9 =
2 55
At Home 1. Cross out the objects to make 10 first. Complete the equations. (a)
9
14 – 5 =
4
1
14
–
4
=
10
10
–
1
=
9
(b)
16 – 9 =
–
=
–
=
–
=
–
=
(c)
13 – 8 =
2 56
2. Fill in the blanks. Complete the equations. (a)
6 (b)
(c)
(d)
(e)
7
16 – 9 =
13 – 7 =
16 – 8 =
14 – 6 =
18 – 9 =
3
16
–
6
=
10
10
–
3
=
7
–
=
–
=
–
=
–
=
–
=
–
=
–
=
–
=
2 57
Hands On Play this game in pairs. 1. Pick a card from each pile.
2. Work together to subtract the smaller number from the greater number by making 10 first. 13 – 3 = 10 10 – 5 = 5
13 – 8 = 5
3. Continue until you have turned over all the cards. 258
Play this game in pairs. 1. Each player puts a counter on ‘Start’. 2. Take turns in rolling a dice. Move your counter forward the number of spaces shown on the dice. 3. Answer the subtraction equation. If you answer incorrectly, move your counter back to the start. The first player to the finish is the winner!
15 – 8
12 – 6
15 – 9
13 – 9
16 – 9
11 – 3 13 – 5
11 – 6
14 – 5 14 – 6
15 – 7
16 – 8
17 – 8 12 – 5
14 – 6 18 – 9
13 – 7
11 – 8
14 – 8 15 – 8
17 – 9
12 – 4 16 – 7
12 – 9
11 – 7
259
Let’s Practice 1. Cross out objects to subtract from 10 first. Complete the equations. (a)
13 – 5 =
10
3
8
10
–
5
=
5
5
+
3
=
8
(b)
16 – 9 =
26 0
–
=
+
=
(c)
15 – 7 =
–
=
+
=
–
=
+
=
–
=
+
=
(d)
14 – 9 =
(e)
17 – 8 =
261
2. Cross out objects to subtract from 10 first. Complete the equations. (a) 14 – 8 =
10
4
6
10
–
8
=
2
2
+
4
=
6
(b) 16 – 9 =
–
=
+
=
–
=
+
=
–
=
+
=
(c) 13 – 8 =
(d) 15 – 7 =
2 62
3. Complete the equations. (a)
12 – 9 =
10 (b)
(c)
(d)
(e)
2 16 – 8 =
13 – 5 =
17 – 8 =
13 – 7 =
3
10
–
9
=
1
1
+
2
=
3
–
=
+
=
–
=
+
=
–
=
+
=
–
=
+
=
263
At Home 1. Complete the equations. (a)
10 (c)
(e)
17 – 8 =
(b)
9
16 – 8 =
7 (d)
12 – 8 =
(f)
16 – 9 =
12 – 7 =
13 – 4 =
2. Complete the equations. (a) 13 – 9 =
(b) 18 – 9 =
(c) 12 – 6 =
(d) 13 – 6 =
(e) 17 – 9 =
(f) 15 – 8 =
(g) 14 – 8 =
(h) 11 – 7 =
264
3. Subtract. (a)
1 –
(c)
1 –
(e)
1 –
(g)
1 –
(i)
1 –
2 4
(b)
1
3 7
1
6 8
1
1 7
1
7 9
1
5 8
–
5 6
(d)
3 8
(f)
6 9
(h)
8 9
(j)
–
–
–
–
265
Let’s Practice Complete the number bond. Write the number fact family. (a)
6 14
8
6
+
8
=
14
14
–
6
=
8
8
+
6
=
14
14
–
8
=
6
(b)
2 66
+
=
–
=
+
=
–
=
(c)
+
=
–
=
+
=
–
=
+
=
–
=
+
=
–
=
+
=
–
=
+
=
–
=
(d)
(e)
2 67
At Home Complete the number bond. Write the number fact family. (a)
13 16
3
(b)
+
=
–
=
+
=
–
=
7 9
16
26 8
+
=
–
=
+
=
–
=
(c)
7 11
(d)
18
+
=
–
=
+
=
–
=
6
14
20
+
=
–
=
+
=
–
=
(e)
7 15 8
+
=
–
=
+
=
–
= 269
Subtraction Word Problems Let’s Learn Jordan has 15 cupcakes. He gives 5 cupcakes to his friends. How many cupcakes does Jordan have left?
15 – 5 = 10
Jordan has 10 cupcakes left. Keira has 16 balloons. 9 balloons float away. How many balloons does Keira have left?
16 – 9 = 7 Keira has 7 balloons left. 270
At summer camp, Riley takes 18 photographs. Ethan takes 9 fewer photographs than Riley. How many photographs does Ethan take?
18 ‑ 9 = 9 Ethan takes 9 photographs. Halle and Chelsea are collecting shells. Halle collects 17 shells. Chelsea collects 8 fewer shells than Halle. How many shells does Chelsea collect?
17 – 8 = 9 Chelsea collected 9 shells. 271
Let’s Practice 1. There are 12 birds on a branch. 5 birds fly away. How many birds are left on the branch?
–
=
There are
birds left on the branch.
2. There are 15 cans in a stack. Wyatt knocks down 8 cans. How many cans are left?
–
cans are left.
27 2
=
3. On the weekend, Riley sold 17 cups of lemonade. She sold 9 cups on Saturday. How many cups of lemonade did Riley sell on Sunday?
–
=
Riley sold
cups of lemonade on Sunday.
4. Blake had 18 pencils. He lost some pencils and had 6 left. How many pencils did Blake lose?
–
Blake lost
= pencils. 273
At Home 1. Ethan buys 12 stickers. He gives 5 stickers to his friend. How many stickers does Ethan have left?
–
=
Ethan has
stickers left.
2. Sophie borrows 15 books from the library. She returns 9 books. How many books does Sophie have now?
–
Sophie has 2 74
= books now.
3. Riley read 15 books. Keira read 7 books. How many more books did Riley read than Keira?
–
=
Riley read
more books than Keira.
4. Blake has 13 marbles. Wyatt has 9 fewer marbles than Blake. How many marbles does Wyatt have?
–
Wyatt has
= marbles. 275
Looking Back 1. Subtract by counting back. Complete the equations. (a) 16 – 1 =
(b) 13 – 4 =
(c) 20 – 2 =
(d) 15 – 2 =
(e) 19 – 3 =
(f) 18 – 4 =
2. Cross out the cubes. Complete the subtraction equation. (a) 17 – 6 = (b) 20 – 8 = 3. Subtract by making 10 first. Fill in the blanks. (a)
15 – 8 =
276
–
=
–
=
(b)
16 – 9 =
(c)
(d)
14 – 6 =
15 – 9 =
–
=
–
=
–
=
–
=
–
=
–
=
–
=
+
=
4. Subtract from 10 first. Fill in the blanks. (a) 16 – 7 =
277
(b)
13 – 5 =
(c)
(d)
12 – 8 =
15 – 9 =
5. (a) 12 – 9 =
(b ) 17 – 9 =
(c) 15 – 6 =
(d) 13 – 8 =
(e) 13 – 6 =
(f) 11 – 5 =
(g) 16 – 8 =
(h) 17 – 8 =
278
–
=
+
=
–
=
+
=
–
=
+
=
6. Complete the number bond. Write the number fact family. (a)
+
=
–
=
+
=
–
=
+
=
–
=
+
=
–
=
(b)
7. Ethan has 17 superhero cards. Blake has 9 fewer superhero cards than Ethan. How many superhero cards does Blake have?
–
Blake has
= superhero cards.
279
© Blue Ring Media Pty Ltd ACN 161 590 496 2013 - 2021. This publication would not have been possible without the tireless effort of our production team. Special thanks to: Daniel Cole, Matthew Cole, Wang Hui Guan, Kevin Mahoney, Winston Goh, Jesse Singer Joseph Anderson, Halle Taylor-Pritchard, Sophie Taylor-Pritchard, Tejal Thakur Varasinun Mathanattapat, Kanungnit Pookwanmuang, Saijit Lueangsrisuk Original Illustrations: Natchanuch Nakapat, graphicsRF, Blue Ring Media and Interact Images Royalty-free images: Shutterstock, Adobe Stock