Fabricated Landscapes by Blake Minster

N°34 W°118 JAN | SEP 2020

人工生态的美学

VOL.

01 "FABRICATED LANDSCAPES" BLAKE WILLIAM MINSTER THESIS PREP ADVISOR: ANNA NEIMARK

SCI_ARC GRADUATE THESIS PREP SPRING 2020

Fabricated Landscapes [2019] Blake Minster [Cover Image]

N°34 W°118 JAN | SEP 2020

人工生态的美学

VOL.

01 "FABRICATED LANDSCAPES" BLAKE WILLIAM MINSTER THESIS PREP ADVISOR: ANNA NEIMARK

SCI_ARC GRADUATE THESIS PREP SPRING 2020

00.\\

AESTHETICS OF SYNTHETIC ECOLOGIES

BLAKE MINSTER | "FABRICATED LANDSCAPES"

CONTENTS

01.\\ 01.1.\ 02.\\

03.\\

03.1.\

PREAMBLE THESIS STATEMENT P.08.\

"FABRICATED LANDSCAPES"

P.20.\

HISTORY OF SYNTHETIC LANDSCAPES HISTORICAL PARADIGM P. 26.\

04.\\

LANDSCAPE URBANISM

P. 34.\

05.\\

PRECEDENTS

05.2.\

LAWN P. 42.\

05.3.\

STRATA P. 56.\

05.4.\

EMBED P. 60.\

05.1.\

SURFACE P. 44.\

APPARATUS P. 66.\

05.5.\

ATMOSPHERE P. 72.\

05.7.\

TERRACE P. 74.\

05.6.\

ALOFT P. 76.\

05.8.\

ALPINE P. 82.\

05.\\

MULTI-DICIPLINARY PRECEDENTS

05.2.\

LAWN P. 05.\

05.3.\

STRATA P. 05.\

05.4.\

EMBED P. 05.\

05.1.\

SURFACE P. 05.\

07.\\ 06.1.\ 06.2.\

FABRICATION

06.3.\

CONTINUOUS SURFACE

06.3.\

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05.5.\

ROLEX MUSEUM P. 05.\ BOSCO VERTICALE P. 05.\ P. 05.\

CONGRUOUS P. 05.\

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THESIS STATEMENT .\

01.\\

PREAMBLE

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THESIS STATEMENT

01./ PREAMBLE .\

This thesis explores the aesthetics of the juxtaposition of the built environment and natural ecologies, furthering into the fusion of synthetic landscapes. Throughout this thesis I will explore the potential of generation of artificial terrains as an architectural element. Synthetic Ecologies is not immersed in the imitation of natural forms but rather the genesis of new artificial terrains, and their programmatic potentials of inhabitation.

Architecture Without Nature Timothy Morton

BLAKE MINSTER | "FABRICATED LANDSCAPES"

In today’s society we are facing an ecological crisis. Fabricated Landscapes will acknowledge this issue but is not an attempt to solve this crisis. One of the earliest examples of an architecture that imitates or is driven from geological form, would be pyramids. Pyramids consequentially were a concurrent theme in ancient times. The Mayan and Aztecs, in current day Mexico, along with the Egyptians in Giza, perfected geometrical imitation of mountainous structures, that were used as sacred places. The call for constructing such a grand structure was, essentially to honor a past ruler. These are early example of attempts to develop synthetic ecologies. Modern attempts to formulate synthetic ecologies have been explored in various ways, ranging from the ‘living roof’ to landform buildings that mimic the form natural landform similarly as pyramids. Modern humanity has been fascinated with the idea of manipulation of ecology. For instance, the idea of the American lawn, as glorified in the ‘American Dream’, is an obsession of purging ecologies of imperfections. Meticulously maintaining a perfectly green, fresh cut lawn helps attain an American’s social status, as under sustained lawns symbolize a lack of discipline and or care for outside perception. Owning and maintaining a lawn is a strenuous task which involves tedious and monotonous tasks. Lawns are much more than just surface Lawns are micro ecologies as they are composed of soil, worms, grass, various other vegetation, ant, etc. In Timothy Morton’s Architecture Without Nature, he argues the analogy of today’s concept of nature and the privatization of the lawn and National Parks. Morton references public lawns in Geneva to possess “keep off the grass” signs in which indicate that lawns are merely aesthetical items1. They are preserved and maintained to hold a specified level of cleanliness. The American lawn is now becoming dependent on local climate. California is currently attempting to combat wildfires due to its dry climate. California is now incentivizing the removal of grass lawns with programs such as ‘cash for grass’ and ‘turf replacement programs. Grass is a water inefficient landscaping plant, which cannot thrive in a climate such as Los Angeles. These incentivizing programs implicitly alter the aesthetics of the American lawn. The programs call for incorporation of succulents rather than a homogenous surface of grass. Intrinsically Los Angeles lawns are becoming an amalgamation of succulents.

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01.1.\ PREAMBLE

THESIS STATEMENT

"This concept, Nature

indeed partially respo

situation. Even subst

BLAKE MINSTER | "FABRICATED LANDSCAPES"

lifeworld and environ “new and improved”

Building, which autom

scales of time and sp

human comprehensio

addresses nonhuman

broadest sense: lifefo

strata, the biosphere,

10 -

sunlight.”1

e, is

Tree Moving Machine Prospect Park [Circa 1971]

onsible for the current

titute concepts such as

nment risk only being

matically addresses

pace beyond habitual

on, also automatically

Timothy Morton argues that the notion of nature or enviorment has lead to the deline of so called â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;natureâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;. Ecology is a holistic term that incoprates human activity such as the built enviornemt. Our actions possess a direct correlation to a decline of climate conditions but to combat this through an architecture or design typology will not reverse the effects already done. This thesis in not attempting to solve a crisis but rather aiming to develop a inhabitation of pastoral, vegetation filled occupancy. Vegetation provides mental tranquilty within humans.

BLAKE MINSTER | "FABRICATED LANDSCAPES"

versions of Nature.

[Left]

n beings in the

orms, geological

, atmospheric gases, 1

Architecture Without Nature Timothy Morton

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01.1.\ PREAMBLE

THESIS STATEMENT

BLAKE MINSTER | "FABRICATED LANDSCAPES"

To develop an architecture in which inhibits atmospheric qualities, an embrace of machinery is required. As argued by Reyner Banham in Home is not a House, the innovation and incorporation of mechanical systems must become apart the American household and radically alters the design of a house. As shown in the diagram below, Banham exemplifies the juxtaposition of atmospheric space and inhabitants. The environmental bubble develops a notion of manufacturing a sensibility of comfort in ones dwelling. Essentially the American house has become an

The Enviornmental Bubble Reyner Banham & François Dallegret Images

12 -

[Left]

apparatus in which possesses an extrodinaraly excessive amount of machinery. This has been a result of the American lifestyle. Hotwater tanks, kitchen fume exhusts, theromostats plumbing, radio antennas, has all been hidden within the architecture of the American home. The architecture in Banham’s eyes is deemed only an aesthically value. It serves no fuction rather than a container for an atmosphere for the dweller’s comfort.

Anatomy of a Dewling Reyner Banham & Franรงois Dallegret Images [Right]

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01.1.\ PREAMBLE

THESIS STATEMENT

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As shown in this project, BIM = Beautiful by NL Architects, exemplifies the shear amount of required integration of systems to develop an architecture. This drawing removes all architectural elements while exposing the BIM. As a resultant the form of the architecture is still apparent. This is important for this thesis in part of conveying the amount of mechanics, labor, and systems required to produce such an architecture as desired. To fabricate a landscape, or artificial terrain, it will require massive amounts of rebar, hyperdetailed drawings, intrinsic levels of detailing, while conveying a sesiblity of construction assembly.

BIM = Beautiful [2014] NL Architects [Left, Right]

14 -

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01.1.\ PREAMBLE

THESIS STATEMENT

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Delirious New York [pg 83] Rem Koolhaas

â&#x20AC;&#x153;The Skyscraper as utopian device for the production of unlimited numbers of virgin sites on a single metropolitan location.â&#x20AC;? Delirious New York Rem Koolhaas

16 -

Delirious New York conveys a reasoning as why and how the skyscraper has become a regularity. The drawing on the right is a diagram of a skyscraper. The render use of pastoral lands with dwellings and vegetation insights an ideal of stacking of land, moreover, manufacturing new land for human inhabitation. This drawing helps inform this thesis in the sense of manufacturing new landscapes into the genesis of an amalgamation of artificial landscapes. Stacking of synthetic landscapes could possibly become a basis for generation of an architectural typology. Stacking of landscapes leads to diverse sectional potentialities developing dynamism within the spatial qualities of the architecture.

Celestial Real Estate Company Illustration P.R. Walker

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FABRICATED LANDSCAPES .\

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02.\\

"FABRICATED LANDSCAPES"

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INTRODUCTION

02./ "FABRICATED LANDSCAPES" .\

20 -

"Fabricated Landscapes", posits a future architecture that envisions a new understanding of the juxtapostioin of nature with the built enviornment. The architecture is fabricated in forms of terrain, to exhaustively embrace the invasion of nature. “Fabricated landscapes” portrays a harmonious relationship between humans and nature in which pursues the amelioration of both, physical and psychological tranquility within the inhabitants.

Fabricated Landscapes [2019] Blake Minster [Pictured Left]

BLAKE MINSTER | "FABRICATED LANDSCAPES"

"Fabricated landscapes" is important for the argument of this thesis. As is speculates on and architectural approach towards a future housing relationship between man and nature.

Iciaectis et qui coreprest eserror eiumque volutam libusda eprate corehent id et et qui debis core volum fugitio berumet untiundi odis quam nescim hilibus. Dit re porro et vernam aut accusciis audiore officab imus dolupta quia cus recuptio il int autem aceriae as as doluptatus autem hilis dolores expella ccumquia volupti dolupta dolut acea vollenis perum, omnit faccum quame ex eatur ant prae atis suntem soluptat. Ut volore volum est rehenis destrum dolorehendi nus reiciis sum ra venet quosa as magnimil ilis destrum explant quia sedi quati volentio. Nequis id et, iusae. Nam ut lacest exero que dit doluptatem quia aut dolenim iligend iorehento volorernat et et min nobis esequiam in prat. Umquibus solupis sitati id quodita sam nonsedia aut et acestiis a atentotatem cum fuga. Lecum et ut ulpa quuntem quis quaeritas moloren ihilignatem re occuptas

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02.\\

"FABRICATED LANDSCAPES"

BLAKE MINSTER | "FABRICATED LANDSCAPES"

INTRODUCTION

Sedias as quas aut que exerferum earitiis ut apis arum quid unt hariam ute sequiat ionsequas ex es re aut arum explique nemporepro

22 -

Sedias as quas aut que exerferum earitiis ut apis arum quid unt hariam ute sequiat ionsequas ex es re aut arum explique nemporepro

BLAKE MINSTER | "FABRICATED LANDSCAPES"

Sedias as quas aut que exerferum earitiis ut apis arum quid unt hariam ute sequiat ionsequas ex es re aut arum explique nemporepro everatis es dipisci ium audaeri aeperum liquam sequatus dolupiduci natquo ommolora con namenihit rerum ulparum core doluption reptat quatusa perruptur sollori tem reste invendi beatur, quam, quias modi cume cum rest, sunt re, con es endendi cillictur, odi velique nonsequi omnisquaeria sit volupta doluptaque pro quo volecte nus dolut eum dis deritio et offic temperum qui volut harciae parunt molorerspit por ad que sum aut hit aliatur sequi que net pos ea dest pro vent, sit fugita nos estrum eum rererro occate parum fugia nulpa vollest issinia di teceperum eum sa ducit volendebit haruntuscit eaqui aliquae ernamus rem autas aut quis etBus cullenis simaxim hillest ionseque et ut aut la ium veniet labore, volecul luptae dunt untinctem et eumquist, seque pora quiantia nonsedicab idem excesti verias et labori veniatur, ulparum dest utectur, voluptatureEd experferspis re ium volor sinvent porume nem que sinihil loreri quia de ent velesci totat. Xeror asperum autectur? Secearum eicabor epelestempor apitibus, ut

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HISTORY OF SYNTHETIC ECOLOGIES .\

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03.\\

"FABRICATED LANDSCAPES"

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HISTORICAL FABRICATED LANDSCAPES

03./ HISTORICAL REFERENCES .\

26 -

Sedias as quas aut que exerferum earitiis ut apis arum quid unt hariam ute sequiat ionsequas ex es re aut arum explique nemporepro

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01.1.\ "FABRICATED LANDSCAPES"

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HISTORICAL FABRICATED LANDSCAPES

Sedias as quas aut que exerferum earitiis ut apis arum quid unt hariam ute sequiat ionsequas ex es re aut arum explique nemporepro

28 -

Sedias as quas aut que exerferum earitiis ut apis arum quid unt hariam ute sequiat ionsequas ex es re aut arum explique nemporepro

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03.1.\ HISTORICAL FABRICATED LANDSCAPES

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Central Park [1938] New Yor, New York [Top Right]

Central Park [1862] New York, New York

30 -

[Left, Bottom Right]

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LANDSCAPE URBANISM .\

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01.1.\ "FABRICATED LANDSCAPES"

01.\ LANDSCAPE URBANISM .\

34 -

Landscape architecture has been in recent years has attempted to have implimentations at urban levels. The projects are mainly deemed to implement vegetation as an urban revitilization. In attempt of revitilization the projects find a void within the city and envisions the void as filled with vegetation. This cliche is exemplified throught the way the proposals are displayed. Making the existing city white while

Taichung Gateway Park [2008] Taichung, Taiwan Stan Allen Architects [Left]

Sedias as quas aut que exerferum earitiis ut apis arum quid unt hariam ute sequiat ionsequas ex es re aut arum explique nemporepro

BLAKE MINSTER | "FABRICATED LANDSCAPES"

rendering the projects as geen. Also representations of perspectival views with lively widlife and assumptions of a landscape urbanism solving all ecological issues is an interestiong speculation on how an urbanism can effect an existing context.

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01.1.\ "FABRICATED LANDSCAPES"

Sedias as quas aut que exerferum earitiis ut apis arum quid unt hariam ute sequiat ionsequas ex es re aut arum explique nemporepro

36 -

Sedias as quas aut que exerferum earitiis ut apis arum quid unt hariam ute sequiat ionsequas ex es re aut arum explique nemporepro

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PRECEDENT .\

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05.\\

PRECEDENT

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SYNTHETIC ECOLOGIES

05./ PRECEDENT .\

Throught past recent history, the field of architecture has been

40 -

omnisquaeria sit volupta doluptaque pro quo volecte nus dolut eum dis deritio et offic temperum qui volut harciae parunt molorerspit por ad que sum aut hit aliatur sequi que net pos ea dest pro vent, sit fugita nos estrum eum rererro occate parum fugia nulpa vollest

Pier 55 [2013] New Tork, New York Heatherwick Studio [Top Right]

Sedias as quas aut que exerferum earitiis ut apis arum quid unt hariam ute sequiat ionsequas ex es re aut arum explique nemporepro

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05.1.\ PRECEDENT

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LAWN 1.

Archaic : an open space between woods

Ground (as around a house or in a garden or park) that is covered with grass and is kept mowed

a relatively even layer of bacteria covering the surface of a culture medium

Greenwich South Visioning [2009 Unbuilt] New York City, New York Morphosis [Left]

42 -

NOUN / lÃ´n /

05.1.\

č?&#x2030; ĺ?Ş Living roofs are one of the most abumdant forms of architecture adopting a countinuous surface of freash clean cut grass as a attempt to develop a new typology of enviornmental architecture. Lawn or living roofs are almost one of the useless forms of developing an eco friendly architecture. Living roofs have been a trend in attempt to earn LEED points for maintaining a certain level of status. The lawn expends a green aesthetical appearance,

Nanyang Technlogical University [2006] Singapore CPG Consultants [Top Right]

[Middle Right]

BLAKE MINSTER | "FABRICATED LANDSCAPES"

Kent State Univeristy, College of Architecture [2016] Kent, Ohio Wiess & Manfredi

8 Tallet [2011] Copenhagen, Denmark Bjarke Ingels Group [Bottom Right]

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05.2.\ PRECEDENT

BLAKE MINSTER | "FABRICATED LANDSCAPES"

SURFACE 1.

the exterior or upper boundary of an object or body

a plane or curved two-dimensional locus of points (such as the boundary of a threedimensional region)

The external or superficial aspect of something

An external part or layer

Apparent rather than real; superficial:

Villa VPRO [1997] Netherlands MVRDV [Top Left]

44 -

NOUN / sur-fis /

05.2.\

čĄ¨ é?˘

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Museum of Ocean and Surf [2011] Biarritz, France Steven Holl [Bottom Left, Right]

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05.2.\ PRECEDENT

SURFACE

NOUN / sur-fis /

the exterior or upper boundary of an object or body

a plane or curved two-dimensional locus of points (such as the boundary of a threedimensional region)

The external or superficial aspect of something

An external part or layer

Apparent rather than real; superficial:

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Amos Rex [2018] Helsinki, Finland JKMM Architects

46 -

[Right]

表面

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05.2.\ PRECEDENT

48 -

BLAKE MINSTER | "FABRICATED LANDSCAPES"

SURFACE

NOUN / sur-fis /

the exterior or upper boundary of an object or body

a plane or curved two-dimensional locus of points (such as the boundary of a threedimensional region)

The external or superficial aspect of something

An external part or layer

Apparent rather than real; superficial:

Amos Rex [2018] Helsinki, Finland JKMM Architects [Left, Right]

表面

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05.2.\ PRECEDENT

BLAKE MINSTER | "FABRICATED LANDSCAPES"

SURFACE

NOUN / sur-fis /

the exterior or upper boundary of an object or body

a plane or curved two-dimensional locus of points (such as the boundary of a threedimensional region)

The external or superficial aspect of something

An external part or layer

Apparent rather than real; superficial:

Rolex Learning Center [2010] Lausanne, Switzerland SANAA

50 -

[Left Top, Left Bottom]

čĄ¨ é?˘ Sedias as quas aut que exerferum earitiis ut apis arum quid unt hariam ute sequiat ionsequas ex es re aut arum explique nemporepro

Rolex Learning Center [2010] Lausanne, Switzerland SANAA

BLAKE MINSTER | "FABRICATED LANDSCAPES"

[Right]

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05.2.\ PRECEDENT

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SURFACE 1.

the exterior or upper boundary of an object or body

a plane or curved two-dimensional locus of points (such as the boundary of a threedimensional region)

The external or superficial aspect of something

An external part or layer

Apparent rather than real; superficial:

Yokohama Port Terminal [1995] Yokohama, Japan Foriegn Office Architects [Left]

52 -

NOUN / sur-fis /

čĄ¨ é?˘ Sedias as quas aut que exerferum earitiis ut apis arum quid unt hariam ute sequiat ionsequas ex es re aut arum explique nemporepro

Yokohama Port Terminal [1995] Yokohama, Japan Foriegn Office Architects

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[Right/ Top, Middle, Bottom]

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05.2.\ PRECEDENT

54 -

BLAKE MINSTER | "FABRICATED LANDSCAPES"

SURFACE

NOUN / sur-fis /

the exterior or upper boundary of an object or body

a plane or curved two-dimensional locus of points (such as the boundary of a threedimensional region)

The external or superficial aspect of something

An external part or layer

Apparent rather than real; superficial:

表面

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05.3.\ PRECEDENT

56 -

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STRATA

NOUN \ PLURAL /strey-tuh, strat-uh, strah-tuh/

A layer of material, naturally or artificially formed, often one of a number of parallel layers one upon another.

One of a number of portions or divisions likened to layers or levels:

[Geology.] A single bed of sedimentary rock, generally consisting of one kind of matter representing continuous deposition.

[Ecology.] (in a plant community) A layer of vegetation, usually of the same or similar height.

A layer of the ocean or the atmosphere distinguished by natural or arbitrary limits.

05.3.\

Strata is a geological term in which refers to “a layer or a series of layers of rock in the ground”. Sedimentary rock is formed by an accumulation of small particles from erosion of preexisting rocks and deterioration of living organisms. In this categorization of architectural projects, refers to “stacking” best shown through section. MVRDV’s 2000 Expo, exemplifies this in the implementation of stacking synthetic ecologies. In the pavilion is apparent that the project aims to develop synthetic ecologies within the interior. The ground level forms a folded synthetic landscape which creates a diverse navigation experience. MVRDV in this project leaves nature unrefined as it deploys trees as structural elements. The idea of using trees often comes with finishing the wood and processing it into perfect rectangular sections. This level is open to th exterior making it seem as if you are experiencing a natural forest. Wind turbines are stacked on the roof, adding more cliché to the ecological aesthetic. Wind turbines utilize the natural wind to generate electricity, which is great environmentally, but this thesis is mainly focused on the ecological aesthetic.

地层

[Left. Right]

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MVRDV Expo 2000 Pavillion [2000] Hannover, Germany MVRDV

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05.3.\ PRECEDENT

58 -

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STRATA

NOUN \ PLURAL /strey-tuh, strat-uh, strah-tuh/

A layer of material, naturally or artificially formed, often one of a number of parallel layers one upon another.

One of a number of portions or divisions likened to layers or levels:

[Geology.] A single bed of sedimentary rock, generally consisting of one kind of matter representing continuous deposition.

[Ecology.] (in a plant community) A layer of vegetation, usually of the same or similar height.

A layer of the ocean or the atmosphere distinguished by natural or arbitrary limits.

地层

Roy and Diana Vagelos Education Center [2016] New York, New York Diller Scofidio +Renfro [Left, Right}

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05.4.\ PRECEDENT

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EMBED 1.

To enclose closely in or as if in a matrix

To make something an integral part of

Fix (an object) firmly and deeply in a surrounding mass.

To incorporate or contain as an essential part or characteristic:

Antinori Winery [2012] Bargino, Italy Archea Associati [Left]

60 -

VERB /im-'bed/

05.4.\

Sedias as quas aut que exerferum earitiis ut apis arum quid unt hariam ute sequiat ionsequas ex es re aut arum explique nemporepro everatis es dipisci ium audaeri aeperum liquam sequatus dolupiduci natquo ommolora con namenihit rerum ulparum core doluption reptat quatusa perruptur sollori tem reste invendi beatur, quam, quias modi cume cum rest, sunt re, con es endendi cillictur, odi velique nonsequi omnisquaeria sit volupta doluptaque pro quo volecte nus dolut eum dis deritio et offic temperum qui volut harciae parunt molorerspit por ad que sum aut hit aliatur sequi que net pos ea dest pro vent, sit fugita nos estrum eum rererro occate parum fugia nulpa vollest issinia di teceperum eum sa ducit volendebit haruntuscit eaqui aliquae ernamus rem autas aut quis etSed excerspe doluptio. Itatur? Quibus volupici aut unde estorit latia ea quae. Ruptatum ressiti untiume la voloreped ererferio mod quatum iume de volectur ad et res dellabo rehenimagnis ad et intio escilliamUdiciunt aut voloribus alitatem id quas audiae cusdae. Ut pra simus cones ex esendit hillaciatus imagniet, quiasperum haris aut eum fugitiorit a essi remposam,Fultum ius, mena dem tem untertam et; iaes

嵌入

[Top, Bottom]

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Antinori Winery [2012] Bargino, Italy Archea Associati

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05.4.\ PRECEDENT

EMBED

VERB /im-'bed/

To enclose closely in or as if in a matrix

To make something an integral part of

Fix (an object) firmly and deeply in a surrounding mass.

To incorporate or contain as an essential part or characteristic:

BLAKE MINSTER | "FABRICATED LANDSCAPES"

Antinori Winery [2012] Bargino, Italy Archea Associati

62 -

[Right]

嵌入

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05.4.\ PRECEDENT

EMBED

VERB /im-'bed/

To enclose closely in or as if in a matrix

To make something an integral part of

Fix (an object) firmly and deeply in a surrounding mass.

To incorporate or contain as an essential part or characteristic:

A social housing project for Olivetti in Italy, shows an attempt to have subtle intervention to an exisitng land. Etrances that dive into the gound while leaving a new

BLAKE MINSTER | "FABRICATED LANDSCAPES"

ernamus rem autas aut quis etBus cullenis simaxim hillest ionseque et ut aut la ium veniet labore, volecul luptae dunt untinctem et eumquist, seque pora quiantia nonsedicab idem excesti verias et labori veniatur, ulparum dest utectur, voluptatureEd experferspis re ium volor sinvent porume nem que sinihil loreri quia de ent velesci totat.Xeror asperum autectur? Secearum

Collective Housing for Olivetti [1969] Ivrea, Italy Roberto Gabetti and Aimaro Isola

64 -

[Left, Top Right, Bottom Right]

嵌入

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05.5.\ PRECEDENT

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APPARATUS 1.

A group or combination of instruments, machinery, tools, materials,

Any complex instrument or mechanism for a particular purpose.

Any system or systematic organization of activities, functions, processes, etc., directed toward a specific goal.

Physiology. a group of structurally different organs working together in the performance of a particular function.

Pier 55 [2013] New Tork, New York Heatherwick Studio [Top Left]

66 -

NOUN /ap-uh-rat-uhs, -rey-tuhs/

05.5.\

Apparatus aims to formulate a dialogue between infrastructure and ecology. There has been a trend in the recent decade to revitalized old infrastructure of cities,and activate them with pedestrian access. Projects such as the Highline, by Diller Scofidio + Renfro, and Seoullo by, MVRDV, are prime examples apparatus. New York city had an abandoned elevated railway which was envisioned to become a connective piece of man-made ecology, repurposing rather than demolishing the existing rail. As for Seoullo, in Seoul South Korea, it repurposes an elevated freeway.

čŽž ĺ¤&#x2021; Seoullo 7017 Skygarden [2017] Seoul, South Korea MVRDV

[Right]

a folded surface which intends to host an amalgamation of vegetation. Programatically the pier features a small ampitheter which can host smaller venues, the nature will provide tranquility amongs the users. Pier 55 is listed under apparatus instead of surface, because it possess a large amount of technology and structure to realize the project.

Highline [2003] New York, New York Diller Scofidio + Renfro Field Operations

BLAKE MINSTER | "FABRICATED LANDSCAPES"

In both examples, ecologies are created by infilling the voids with nature. This develops an inviting scene for pedestrian use. Without implementation of ecology the space would become dull and lack human association amongst the architecture. Heatherwick studios is exploring a similar ideal in their Pier 55 project. In the case of pier 55, instead of repurposing an existing infrastructure, Pier 55 deploys a new typology of creation of land. The project sits on the Hudson river, and essentially develops a manufactured, floating island. The project entails large concrete pillars that unfold into

[Bottom Left]

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05.5.\ PRECEDENT

APPARATUS

NOUN /ap-uh-rat-uhs, -rey-tuhs/

A group or combination of instruments, machinery, tools, materials,

Any complex instrument or mechanism for a particular purpose.

Any system or systematic organization of activities, functions, processes, etc., directed toward a specific goal.

Physiology. a group of structurally different organs working together in the performance of a particular function.

BLAKE MINSTER | "FABRICATED LANDSCAPES"

Highline [2018] New York City, New York Diller Scofidio + Renfro

68 -

[Right]

设备

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05.5.\ PRECEDENT

BLAKE MINSTER | "FABRICATED LANDSCAPES"

APPARATUS

NOUN /ap-uh-rat-uhs, -rey-tuhs/

A group or combination of instruments, machinery, tools, materials,

Any complex instrument or mechanism for a particular purpose.

Any system or systematic organization of activities, functions, processes, etc., directed toward a specific goal.

Physiology. a group of structurally different organs working together in the performance of a particular function.

Olympic sculpture Park [2007] Seattle, Washington Wiess & Manfredi

70 -

[Left, Top Right, Bottom Right]

čŽž ĺ¤&#x2021;

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05.5.\ PRECEDENT

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ATMOSPHERE

NOUN /at-muhs-feer/

The gaseous envelope of a celestial body (such as a planet)

The whole mass of air surrounding the earth

The air of a locality the stuffy atmosphere of the waiting room

A surrounding influence or environment

An atmosphere of hostility

A unit of pressure equal to the pressure of the air at sea level or approximately 14.7 pounds per square inch (101,325 pascals)

The overall aesthetic effect of a work of art

An intriguing or singular tone, effect, or appeal

Blur Building Swiss Expo [2002] Yverdon, les-Bains, Switzerland Diller Scofidio + Renfro

72 -

[Left]

Sedias as quas aut que exerferum earitiis ut apis arum quid unt hariam ute sequiat ionsequas ex es re aut arum explique nemporepro everatis es dipisci ium audaeri aeperum liquam sequatus dolupiduci natquo ommolora con namenihit rerum ulparum core doluption reptat quatusa perruptur sollori tem reste invendi beatur, quam, quias modi cume cum rest, sunt re, con es endendi cillictur, odi velique nonsequi omnisquaeria sit volupta doluptaque pro quo volecte nus dolut eum dis deritio et offic temperum qui volut harciae parunt molorerspit por ad que sum aut hit aliatur sequi que net pos ea dest pro vent, sit fugita nos estrum eum rererro occate parum fugia nulpa vollest issinia di teceperum eum sa ducit volendebit haruntuscit eaqui aliquae ernamus rem autas aut quis etSed excerspe doluptio. Itatur? Quibus volupici aut unde estorit latia ea quae. Ruptatum ressiti untiume la voloreped ererferio mod quatum iume de volectur ad et res dellabo rehenimagnis ad et intio escilliamUdiciunt aut voloribus alitatem id quas audiae cusdae. Ut pra simus cones ex esendit hillaciatus imagniet, quiasperum haris aut eum fugitiorit a essi remposam,Es cum in temus acerorum se in Ita nissicem P. Tum eo auconihicate fite, consulia pratilne tes inatis; noctus bondis, Castem ina Ser aus num obus dicient erortabunc ret, nirtemu rsultie mproximod aut vo, furs se addumurbit graet caudet vem Romnius res nequiurimis ca pl. Vis loctam, tus fuid conficaet iaUnt, con abi silius, quem in vivitarbit aucis; hilici ternuntes mo auconi publin te fuit;Overicae ssedem escent, ut nos hiliam venat L. Nam

大气层

BLAKE MINSTER | "FABRICATED LANDSCAPES"

Blur Building Swiss Expo [2002] Yverdon, les-Bains, Switzerland Diller Scofidio + Renfro [Top, Bottom]

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05.6.\ PRECEDENT

BLAKE MINSTER | "FABRICATED LANDSCAPES"

TERRACE

NOUN /ter-uhâ&#x20AC;&#x2030;s/

A relatively level paved or planted area adjoining a building.

One of usually a series of horizontal ridges made in a hillside to increase cultivatable land, conserve moisture, or minimize erosion.

A level ordinarily narrow plain usually with steep front bordering a river, lake, or sea

A row of houses or apartments on raised ground or a sloping site

a nearly level strip of land with a more or less abrupt descent along the margin of the sea, a lake, or a river.

Rice Fields Yunnan, China

74 -

[Top, Bottom]

05.6.\

Terracing can be defined as series of horizontal ridges. Terrace has also been adopted into the architectural vernacular as balconies, or exterior elevated spaces on a building. in Yunnan, China, Manufactured terracing into the landscape has been implemented. This is done so for the cultivation of rice. Rice grows in baths of water; therefore the terracing flattens the hillside in order to wall in water to grow the rice fields. Architecture also deploys similar logic to this. As picture above, Bosco Verticale, constructs cantilevering terraces to host vegetation. This is an important architectural precedent

é&#x2DC;ł ĺ?° Bosco Verticale [2014] Milan, Italy Boeri Studio [Right]

BLAKE MINSTER | "FABRICATED LANDSCAPES"

because the large amounts of terracing develop an ecological aesthetic to the tower. Bosco Verticale translates into Vertical Forest from Italian. As viewing the towers from afar, they are overwhelmed by the greenness. Ecological aesthetics in the current architectural discipline is inherently green. This is due to the incorporation of vegetation as the primary ecology.

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05.7.\ PRECEDENT

ALOFT

NOUN /uh-lawft, uh-loft/

high up; far above the ground.

on the masts; in the rigging; overhead.

(on a square-rigged sailing ship) in the upper rigging, specifically, on or above the lower yards (opposed to alow).

in or into the air.

BLAKE MINSTER | "FABRICATED LANDSCAPES"

Vanke Center [Horizontal Skyscaper] [2009] Shenzhen, China Steven Holl Architects

76 -

[Left]

05.7.\

Aloft is defined as, into the air. These selected projects are ones that produce a vertical separation between the ground and the architecture. This first project, Vanke Center, by Steven Holl, formulates a majestic landscape underneath the architecture. The landscape utilizes the excavation of the site into developing mounds on the site. The mounds provide a variation of movement on the ground. Some instances mounds appear to be structuring the building into the air. The Vanke Center possess a large amount of program by area. The unofficial name of the project is â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;Horizontal Skyscraperâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;. The size of the building is more than enough to construct a vertical skyscraper, but the project formulates a new typology of buildings. The elevated mass on the site softly touches the ground through pillars. In doing so the site is greatly left open for landscape and pedestrian use. Compared to New York City, which is full of nothing by skyscrapers, The Vanke Center develops a much less dense urbanism but allows for more surface area for development of synthetic ecologies.

高空

[Top, Bottom]

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Vanke Center [Horizontal Skyscaper] [2009] Shenzhen, China Steven Holl Architects

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05.7.\ PRECEDENT

78 -

BLAKE MINSTER | "FABRICATED LANDSCAPES"

ALOFT

NOUN /uh-lawft, uh-loft/

high up; far above the ground.

on the masts; in the rigging; overhead.

(on a square-rigged sailing ship) in the upper rigging, specifically, on or above the lower yards (opposed to alow).

in or into the air.

Sedias as quas aut que exerferum earitiis ut apis arum quid unt hariam ute sequiat ionsequas ex es re aut arum explique nemporepro

éŤ&#x2DC; çŠş

Museum of Art Sao Paulo [1968] Sao Paulo, Brazil Lina Bo Bardi

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[Left, Top Right, Middle Right, Bottom Right]

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05.7.\ PRECEDENT

BLAKE MINSTER | "FABRICATED LANDSCAPES"

ALOFT

NOUN /uh-lawft, uh-loft/

High up; far above the ground.

On the masts; in the rigging; overhead.

(on a square-rigged sailing ship) In the upper rigging, specifically, on or above the lower yards (opposed to alow).

In or into the air.

Mirador [2005] Madrid, Spain MVRDV

80 -

[Left]

Sedias as quas aut que exerferum earitiis ut apis arum quid unt hariam ute sequiat ionsequas ex es re aut arum explique nemporepro everatis es dipisci ium audaeri aeperum liquam sequatus dolupiduci natquo ommolora con namenihit rerum ulparum core doluption reptat quatusa perruptur sollori tem reste invendi beatur, quam, quias modi cume cum rest, sunt re, con es endendi cillictur, odi velique nonsequi omnisquaeria sit volupta doluptaque pro quo volecte nus dolut eum dis deritio et offic temperum qui volut harciae parunt molorerspit por ad que sum aut hit aliatur sequi que net pos ea dest pro vent, sit fugita nos estrum eum rererro occate parum fugia nulpa vollest issinia di teceperum eum sa ducit volendebit haruntuscit eaqui aliquae ernamus rem autas aut quis etBus cullenis simaxim hillest ionseque et ut aut la ium veniet labore, volecul luptae dunt untinctem et eumquist, seque pora quiantia nonsedicab idem excesti verias et labori veniatur, ulparum dest utectur, voluptatureEd experferspis re ium volor sinvent porume nem que sinihil loreri quia de ent velesci totat.Xeror asperum autectur? Secearum eicabor epelestempor apitibus, utOmnosus, nossert iacris actum se re,

éŤ&#x2DC; çŠş Mirador [2005] Madrid, Spain MVRDV

[Top, Middle, Bottom]

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05.8.\ PRECEDENT

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ALPINE 1.

often not capitalized : of, relating to, or resembling the Alps or any mountains

very high; elevated.

Any system or systematic organization of activities, functions, processes, etc., directed toward a specific goal.

Physiology. a group of structurally different organs working together in the performance of a particular function.

Maria, Kรถnigin des Friedens [1968] Niegves, Germany Gottfried Bรถhm [Left]

82 -

ADJECTIVE /al-pahyn, -pin/

05.8.\

山脉

Maria, Königin des Friedens [1968] Niegves, Germany Gottfried Böhm

BLAKE MINSTER | "FABRICATED LANDSCAPES"

Alpine categorizes architectural projects in which utilize forms that can be acquainted to mountains. These projects are large scale buildings in which daunts their immediate context such as how a mountain is perceived. This pilgrimage church in Niegves, Germany depicts a representation of a mountain through both its form and scale. The scale of the church towers over the neighboring houses, as a mounumental structure. The sharp pitched roofscape, from a distance abstracts the silhouette of a mountain range. This category coincides with Stan Allen’s, Landform Building. In the book Stan Allen gathers examples of architecture utilizing geological form as formal aspects of buildings. Projects ranging from the Pyramids in Giza, to the City of Culture, by Peter Eisenman, they all possess an objective of mimicry of landforms.

[Top, Middle, Bottom]

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05.8.\ PRECEDENT

BLAKE MINSTER | "FABRICATED LANDSCAPES"

ALPINE

ADJECTIVE /al-pahyn, -pin/

often not capitalized : of, relating to, or resembling the Alps or any mountains

very high; elevated.

Any system or systematic organization of activities, functions, processes, etc., directed toward a specific goal.

Physiology. a group of structurally different organs working together in the performance of a particular function.

Il Vulcano Buono [1995-2007] Nola, Italy RPBW

84 -

[Top, Bottom]

ĺąą č&#x201E;&#x2030;

Il Vulcano Buono [1995-2007] Nola, Italy RPBW

BLAKE MINSTER | "FABRICATED LANDSCAPES"

[Top]

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05.8.\ PRECEDENT

ALPINE 1.

often not capitalized : of, relating to, or resembling the Alps or any mountains

very high; elevated.

Any system or systematic organization of activities, functions, processes, etc., directed toward a specific goal.

BLAKE MINSTER | "FABRICATED LANDSCAPES"

ADJECTIVE /al-pahyn, -pin/

Physiology. a group of structurally different organs working together in the performance of a particular function.

Mountain Dwelling [2010] Copenhagen, Denmark Bjarke Ingels Group

86 -

[Top, Middle, Bottom]

山脉 Mountain Dwelling [2010] Copenhagen, Denmark Bjarke Ingels Group [Top, Bottom]

BLAKE MINSTER | "FABRICATED LANDSCAPES"

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05.8.\ PRECEDENT

ALPINE

ADJECTIVE /al-pahyn, -pin/

often not capitalized : of, relating to, or resembling the Alps or any mountains

very high; elevated.

Any system or systematic organization of activities, functions, processes, etc., directed toward a specific goal.

Physiology. a group of structurally different organs working together in the performance of a particular function.

BLAKE MINSTER | "FABRICATED LANDSCAPES"

Huangshan Mountain Village [2017] Huangshan Shi, China MAD Architects

88 -

[Left]

ĺąą č&#x201E;&#x2030;

BLAKE MINSTER | "FABRICATED LANDSCAPES"

Huangshan Mountain Village [2017] Huangshan Shi, China MAD Architects [Right]

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05.8.\ PRECEDENT

ALPINE

ADJECTIVE /al-pahyn, -pin/

often not capitalized : of, relating to, or resembling the Alps or any mountains

very high; elevated.

Any system or systematic organization of activities, functions, processes, etc., directed toward a specific goal.

Physiology. a group of structurally different organs working together in the performance of a particular function.

BLAKE MINSTER | "FABRICATED LANDSCAPES"

The City of Culture [2011] Galicia, Spain Eisenman Architects

90 -

[Right]

山脉

BLAKE MINSTER | "FABRICATED LANDSCAPES"

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05.8.\ PRECEDENT

ALPINE 1.

often not capitalized : of, relating to, or resembling the Alps or any mountains

very high; elevated.

Any system or systematic organization of activities, functions, processes, etc., directed toward a specific goal.

BLAKE MINSTER | "FABRICATED LANDSCAPES"

ADJECTIVE /al-pahyn, -pin/

Physiology. a group of structurally different organs working together in the performance of a particular function.

The City of Culture [2011] Galicia, Spain Eisenman Architects

92 -

[Top, Bottom]

山脉

BLAKE MINSTER | "FABRICATED LANDSCAPES"

Huangshan Mountain Village [2017] Huangshan Shi, China MAD Architects [Right]

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05.8.\ PRECEDENT

ALPINE

ADJECTIVE /al-pahyn, -pin/

often not capitalized : of, relating to, or resembling the Alps or any mountains

very high; elevated.

Any system or systematic organization of activities, functions, processes, etc., directed toward a specific goal.

Physiology. a group of structurally different organs working together in the performance of a particular function.

BLAKE MINSTER | "FABRICATED LANDSCAPES"

Sponge City [2007] Peter Cook

94 -

[Right]

Totatur, solore, conseque sam, et odit volescit vellorem quidem harum rere nobist aria eic tem ex explacienis volor soluptaspel id quatur? Luptati rem res mo milia del iusa sit experehentem int reperspe id quam amuscim qui omnisquibus. Conseque aut faccum quat explab inimuscid qui oditio temporemoles inim eumquo officiam ime officto ressed et accum ape odicim eat utatur? Quiatur? Qui sumquibuscid quuntiae et aut ommolupta nis nis reperum nam et laborib usapel idist, sereium rehendebit, seque digeni blabore icilliquam rempelestor moloria tibus. Maximinissi quodis in poriatem ipid quianis quosam nonsequam quodita temporeptios quatem voluptatquam illiquaspel in corehen iminum exerferum quundae que plit adiore laborep taquam, iliquia conectem dolorerro bernam voluptas dolupta quidem. Ut quae prestint, nonsequat qui am, custium quiandis es volest, volo doles escium vent quiant reprem ea que voluptatium que quidebis res maximporum aut eium asit, opta sit explamus dolupitat eserat. Nim experchicae occusant. Itat volore inctem rehendaeria

ĺąą č&#x201E;&#x2030;

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FABRICATION .\

BLAKE MINSTER | "FABRICATED LANDSCAPES"

07.\\

AESTHETICS OF SYNTHETIC ECOLOGIES

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ARTIFICE TERRAINS

07./ FABRICATION .\

98 -

Sedias as quas aut que exerferum earitiis ut apis arum quid unt hariam ute sequiat ionsequas ex es re aut arum explique nemporepro

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07.1.\ ARTIFICE TERRAINS

FABRICATION 1.

The action or process of fabricating; construction, fashioning, manufacture; also, a particular branch of manufacture.

The process of fabricating in the manufacture of finished products

In bad sense: The action of fabricating or ‘making up’; the invention (of a statement); the forging (of a document). Also concrete. An invention; a false statement; a forgery.

BLAKE MINSTER | "FABRICATED LANDSCAPES"

VERB /fab-ri-key-shuh n/

Sedias as quas aut que exerferum earitiis ut apis arum quid unt hariam ute sequiat ionsequas ex es re aut arum explique nemporepro

100 -

Sedias as quas aut que exerferum earitiis ut apis arum quid unt hariam ute sequiat ionsequas ex es re aut arum explique nemporepro

生产

Sedias as quas aut que exerferum earitiis ut apis arum quid unt hariam ute sequiat ionsequas ex es re aut arum explique nemporepro

BLAKE MINSTER | "FABRICATED LANDSCAPES"

Sedias as quas aut que exerferum earitiis ut apis arum quid unt hariam ute sequiat ionsequas ex es re aut arum explique nemporepro

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07.1.\ ARTIFICE TERRAINS

FABRICATION 1.

The action or process of fabricating; construction, fashioning, manufacture; also, a particular branch of manufacture.

The process of fabricating in the manufacture of finished products

In bad sense: The action of fabricating or ‘making up’; the invention (of a statement); the forging (of a document). Also concrete. An invention; a false statement; a forgery.

BLAKE MINSTER | "FABRICATED LANDSCAPES"

VERB /fab-ri-key-shuh n/

Sedias as quas aut que exerferum earitiis ut apis arum quid unt hariam ute sequiat ionsequas ex es re aut arum explique nemporepro

102 -

Sedias as quas aut que exerferum earitiis ut apis arum quid unt hariam ute sequiat ionsequas ex es re aut arum explique nemporepro

生产

Sedias as quas aut que exerferum earitiis ut apis arum quid unt hariam ute sequiat ionsequas ex es re aut arum explique nemporepro

BLAKE MINSTER | "FABRICATED LANDSCAPES"

Sedias as quas aut que exerferum earitiis ut apis arum quid unt hariam ute sequiat ionsequas ex es re aut arum explique nemporepro

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