Zest Out West

ZEST OUT WEST RE:CITY Bo Wen, Jessica Li

CBD

TEAM MEMBERS Bo Wen 583060 Jessica Li 581863

STUDIO LEADERS Geoff Kimm Xiaoran Huang

Zest Out West Melbourne School of Design The University of Melbourne Faculty of Architecture Building and Planning

CONTENTS

RE:CITY Zest Out West

2.0 Individual Exploration 2.1 Digital Skill Development 2.2 Mini Urban Design Framework

30 50 51

3.0 Concept Development 3.1 Initial Proposal 3.2 Mini UDF 3.3 Theoretical Essay

54 56 64 66

4.0 Design Development 4.1 Digital Development

68 70

5.0 Final Proposal

80

6.0 Appendix

104

SITE ANALYSIS

6 8 16 19 22 28

Site Analysis Site Documentation Traffic Analysis Urban Context Site Section Climate Analysis

INDIVIDUAL EXPLORATION

1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5

REFINED FRAMEWORK

2 4

APPENDIX

0.0 Introduction 0.1 Studio Overview 0.2 Studio Structure

INTRODUCTION

CONTENT

0.0 INTRODUCTION

2

INTRODUCTION

SITE ANALYSIS

INTRODUCTION

CONTENTS

This studio provides opportunities for studio members to analyse urban form and create generative urban design through the creative use of digital scripting platforms.

There are two stages of Zest Out West Studio. In the first stage, the site and brief will be introduced. Site analysis and initial understanding of digital tools in urban design will be taken place, and develop a mini urban design framework for a particular area of interest related to walkability. In the second stage, studio memebers will work in pairs to build further on their individual mini urban design framework and develop into a design.

INDIVIDUAL EXPLORATION

Arden-Macalay is located about 4km west from Melbourne CBD with rich industrial history. Arden-Macaulay has been supporting the city’s economy by manufacuring and production. In recent years, the businesses’ nature of the area has shifted, which leads to an underutilised area with its close proximity to Melbourne CBD.

The concept of walkability and associated techniques are used as the basis for analysing and responding to existing issues of the site.

REFINED FRAMEWORK

By 2030, Melbourne CBD’s population is expectedly to increase by a quarter, inner-west of Melbourne is a fertile site for exploring to face future population growth.

APPENDIX

0.1 STUDIO OVERVIEW

0.2 STUDIO STRUCTURE

GROUP

ZEST OUT WEST

INDIVIDUAL

PAIR

4

INTRODUCTION

DOCUMENTATION MODELLING

CONTENTS

INTRODUCTION

ANALYSIS

SITE ANALYSIS

PRESENTATION

DIGITAL TOOL INVESTIGATION

DESIGN OUTCOME

REFINED FRAMEWORK

REFINED URBAN DESIGN FRAMEWORK

APPENDIX

MINI URBAN DESIGN FRAMEWORK

INDIVIDUAL EXPLORATION

DIGITAL SKILL DEVELOPMENT

1.0 SITE ANALYSIS

6

SITE ANALYSIS

CONTENTS INTRODUCTION

SITE ANALYSIS INDIVIDUAL EXPLORATION REFINED FRAMEWORK APPENDIX

Modelling: Beth Huang, Nicolas Chahin Documentation: Alexander Mckenzie, Eloise McDonald Analysis: Bo Wen, Una Wang, Jing Li, Tianyuan Song Presentation: Jessica Li, Krishna Keerthi Tirumalachetty

1.1 SITE DOCUMENTATION History of Arden-Macaulay

The Wurundjeri people were the first settlers in the area (Birrarung Valley) 40,000 years ago. They had a presence in the area until 1843, yet few traces of this history remain in the area. The City of Melbourne was formally recognised by the colonial government of New South Wales in 1836.

Kensington was part of the City of Essendon on its foundation in 1861, but split to form two separate suburbs in 1882 - Borough of Flemington and Kensington. It was originally known for horse proving grounds, cattle yards and abattoirs and had a lot of large factories. These factories became surrounded by suburbs from the 1860s as the City of Melbourne expanded. Complaints and public meetings objecting to the by-products and waste produced by the saleyards occurred and in 1891, Alfred Deakin (who represented the member for Essendon and Flemington in the Victorian Legislative Assembly) moved a division in favour of the yards’ closure. However, economic downturn in the 1890s allowed the closure to be postponed and a by-law was instead passed by the Melbourne City Council making it illegal to drive livestock through streets in Flemington and Kensington between 8am and 10pm. By 1886 the borough had a population of approximately 6,000, with approximately 20 new buildings opening each month. In 1905, the Borough of Flemington and Kensington was amalgamated with the City of Melbourne.

8

SITE ANALYSIS

CONTENTS INTRODUCTION

SITE ANALYSIS INDIVIDUAL EXPLORATION REFINED FRAMEWORK APPENDIX

North Melbourne was added to the City of Melbourne town reserve in 1840.

It was formally known as Hotham borough and was one of the first towns in Victoria to be granted Municipal status. It was named in 1859 but then renamed North Melbourne Town in 1887. Throughout the 1840s it served as land for cattle yards, similarly to Kensington and consisted of an unplanned scattering of buildings. In the early 1850s the suburb was still known for it’s rich greenery and many Red Gum trees. However, the population growth from the gold rush led to the greater need to accommodate people. The building of a benevolent asylum between Abbotsford St and Curzon St helped facilitate this and became a dominant landmark of the area throughout the 19th century. In 1859, the Melbourne Gas Company installed pipes in North Melbourne and the water supply was connected to the Yan Yean supply in the mid 1860s, resulting in clearing of vegetation. By 1861 the suburb had a population of over 7,000 (1740 dwellings) and in 1869 the Hotham Football Club was formed (today know as the North Melbourne Kangaroos). By the 1880s, North Melbourne was established as a working class area with small areas of the middle class. Heavy industry such as iron works were established in the area. The 1890s brought tram routes, further facilitating growth. However, by the 1930s many areas became overcrowded and defined as slums. This lead to large government housing development projects completed in 1960s, some of which still exist today (for example, the site on Boundary Rd within Arden-Macaulay).

1.1 SITE DOCUMENTATION View Along the Creek

8

A B C D

A

E F 1

B

N

10

SITE ANALYSIS

C

E

D

F

REFINED FRAMEWORK

3 4 5

6

7

8

SITE ANALYSIS

2

INDIVIDUAL EXPLORATION

1

APPENDIX

INTRODUCTION

View Along the Creek (1-8) CONTENTS

1.1 SITE DOCUMENTATION South East

A

A B F

C

E

B

12

SITE ANALYSIS

D

C

E

D

F

SITE ANALYSIS

A

B INDIVIDUAL EXPLORATION

E F

INTRODUCTION

C D

C E

D

F

REFINED FRAMEWORK

A

APPENDIX

CONTENTS

1.1 SITE DOCUMENTATION West

B

1.1 SITE DOCUMENTATION North

A B C D

E

A

B

14

SITE ANALYSIS

C

E

D

F

F

INTRODUCTION

CONTENTS

Industrial Presence

Dwelling Density Train Station 27 - 50 51 - 75

Moonee Ponds Creek 76 - 99 100 - 124 Workshop/Studio 125 - 148 Manufacturing 149 - 173

Equipment Installation 174 - 197

198 - 222 223 - 246 North Melbourne/Kensington

Moonee Ponds Creek

[

0

187.5

0 375187.5

375

750

750

1,125 1,125

Meters Meters 1,500 1,500

0 375187.5

375

750

750

1,125 1,125

Meters Meters 1,500 1,500

Site Boundary

Lots

REFINED FRAMEWORK

Unoccupied Existing Residential Dwelling Distribution

INDIVIDUAL EXPLORATION

SITE ANALYSIS

1 - 26

Site Boundary

Dwelling Train Density Station 1 - 26Boundary Site

APPENDIX

27 - 50 51 - 75

Moonee Ponds Creek 76 - 99

Unoccupied Lots 100 - 124 125 - 148 149 - 173 174 - 197 198 - 222 223 - 246 North Melbourne/Kensington

Moonee Ponds Creek Site Boundary

Existing Residential Dwelling Distribution

[

0

187.5

1.2 TRAFFIC ANALYSIS Public Transport Map

[

16

SITE ANALYSIS

0

125

250

500

750

Meters 1,000

INDIVIDUAL EXPLORATION

SITE ANALYSIS

INTRODUCTION

CONTENTS

1.2 TRAFFIC ANALYSIS Accessibility to Public Transport

Train station Tram station Bus station Tram route Bus route Bus route 300 metres radius 600 metres radius

[

0

125

250

500

750

Meters 1,000

APPENDIX

LEGEND

REFINED FRAMEWORK

LEGEND

Train sta Tram st Bus sta Tram ro Bus rou Bus rou 300 me 600 me

1.2 TRAFFIC ANALYSIS Network Structure

[

18

SITE ANALYSIS

0

125

250

500

750

Meters 1,000

INTRODUCTION

CONTENTS

1.3 URBAN CONTEXT Predominant Landuse Map

SITE ANALYSIS

EXISTING LAND USE

LEGEND

LEGEND

N 187.5

375

750

1,125

Meters 1,500

N

[ [

0

125

250

0

500

187.5

750

375

750

Meters 1,000

1,125

APPENDIX

Retail Community Office Education Residential Manufacturing Equipment Installation Wholesale Workshop /studio Storage Green Space Parking Unoccpuied

REFINED FRAMEWORK

INDIVIDUAL EXPLORATION

Retail Community Office Education Residential Manufactur Equipment Wholesale Workshop /s Storage Green Spac Parking Unoccpuied

1.3 URBAN CONTEXT Existing Context Map

Tram 55 to West Coburg

Tram 57 to West Maribyrnong

Train to Upfield

Melbourne Zoo

Newmarket Flemington Bridge

Royal Park

The Royal Children’s Hospotal Boundary Road Reserve

Kensington

Á Macaulay

Clayton Reserve

University of Melbourne The Royal Hospotal North Melbourne Recreation Centre

South Kensington

Á

North Melbourne Football Club

Tram 19/59 to North Coburg/ Airport West

Á

Tram 55 to Domain Interchange

Legend

Á

Recreation Medical Institution

Tram 55 to Flinders Street Station

North Melbourne

Proposed Rail Station

Á

(Metro Tunnel 2016)

Rail Station Rail Tram Route Proposed Underground Rail (Metro Tunnel 2016)

Water Parcel Green Space Site Boundary

20

SITE ANALYSIS

Tram 19/59 to Flinders Street Station Train to City

[

0

125

250

500

750

Meters 1,000

INTRODUCTION

CONTENTS

1.3 URBAN CONTEXT Lynch Map

Tram 55 to West Coburg

Tram 57 to West Maribyrnong Train to Upfield

Melbourne Zoo

SITE ANALYSIS

Newmarket Flemington Bridge

RACECOU

RSE RD

ST

RD

Royal Park

ALFRED D

Boundary B arry Road Reserve Res

MARK ST

Á

BO BOUN OU DARY

The Royal Children’s Hospotal

Kensington

Macaulay G

IN

EM

FL N

TO

RESIDENTIAL PRECINCT ST

HA

RK

ER

University of Melbourne The Royal Hospotal

Recreation North Melbourne Re ec ati ec ation Centre

SPORTS PRECINCT North Melbourne Football Club ub b

ARDEN ST

Tram 19/59 to North Coburg/ Airport West

EY

TN

UR

O

Á North Melbourne

ST

ST

ST

ST

Tram 55 to Flinders Street Station

CHAPEL

CHETWYND

Precinct

HOWARD ST

Node

LEVESON

CURZON

ST

Landmark

ENROL ST

Edge Recreation Medical Institution Proposed Rail Station

Á

(Metro Tunnel 2016)

Rail Station Rail Proposed Underground Rail (Metro Tunnel 2016)

Water Parcel Green Space

Tram 19/59 to Flinders Street Station

Train to City

[

0

125

250

500

750

Meters 1,000

REFINED FRAMEWORK

LEGEND

Tram 55 to Domain Interchange

C

RETAIL PRECINCT

APPENDIX

FFOGA OGAR RTY TY S STT

Á

D ST RD

LANGFO

South Kensington

GREEN ST T

ST

INDUSTRIAL PRECINCT

INDIVIDUAL EXPLORATION

RD

Clayton Clayt ayto yton on n Reserve R Re eserve es s

CIE RA G

ction Line for Elevation

1.4 SITE SECTIONS A

A

B

A

C

C

D

E

E D D C

D

C

B

A

B

B

A-A Section Racecourse Road

22

SITE ANALYSIS

INTRODUCTION

CONTENTS

C-C Section Arden Street

INDIVIDUAL EXPLORATION

SITE ANALYSIS

B-B Section Dryburgh Street

APPENDIX

REFINED FRAMEWORK

D-D Section Green Street

E-E Section CityLink

1.4 SITE SECTIONS South

Elevation A-A: From the Creek

North

Elevation B-B: From the Creek

East

Elevation C-C: From Alfred Street

West

Elevation D-D: From Arden Street

24

SITE ANALYSIS

East

INDIVIDUAL EXPLORATION

West

REFINED FRAMEWORK

SITE ANALYSIS

INTRODUCTION

South

APPENDIX

CONTENTS

North

1.5 CLIMACTIC ANALYSIS Wind Analysis

B

A

1 2 3

B N

AREA 1

26

SITE ANALYSIS

A

APPENDIX

REFINED FRAMEWORK

AREA 3 INDIVIDUAL EXPLORATION

AREA 2 SITE ANALYSIS

INTRODUCTION

CONTENTS

1.5 CLIMACTIC ANALYSIS Wind Analysis

Summer (A)

Summer (B)

Winter (A)

Winter (C) 28

SITE ANALYSIS

APPENDIX

REFINED FRAMEWORK

INDIVIDUAL EXPLORATION

SITE ANALYSIS

INTRODUCTION

CONTENTS

2.0 INDIVIDUAL EXPLORATION

30

INDIVIDUAL EXPLORATION

APPENDIX

REFINED FRAMEWORK

INDIVIDUAL EXPLORATION

SITE ANALYSIS

INTRODUCTION

CONTENTS

2.1 DIGITAL SKILL DEVELOPMENT

32

INDIVIDUAL EXPLORATION

CONTENTS INTRODUCTION SITE ANALYSIS

INDIVIDUAL EXPLORATION REFINED FRAMEWORK

The week 1 site was located next to the North Melbourne Football Club, and allowed us to assess our Rhino skills and where it could be improved.

Personally I have a very basic knowledge of Rhino up to this point whilst being comfortable with creating basic geometry and massing, am not able to utilize the tools to its full potential.

APPENDIX

WEEK 1 RHINO SKILLS

2.1 DIGITAL SKILL DEVELOPMENT

WEEK 2 - BASIC GH Introduction to GH By beginning with simple extrusions using the circleCNR tool, we could progress quickly to incorporating the distance component, which we could then use the output value to determine a shifting radius based on distance to the determining point.

This could then be taken further to influence the height of the extrusion too, and set the base for further individual exploration.

34

INDIVIDUAL EXPLORATION

CONTENTS INTRODUCTION

We could then inverse this relationship by setting the expression 1/x to create the opposite effect - increasing height closer to points instead of decreasing it (fig.3 appendix). From this we could build onto the exercise for 2.3 which is addressed in the UDF section of this journal.

INDIVIDUAL EXPLORATION

SITE ANALYSIS

By exploring the tools in GH, we could create new centroids based on existing parcels and quickly experiment with extrusion based on distance.

REFINED FRAMEWORK

Plot Distance Exercise

APPENDIX

WEEK 2 - BASIC GH

2.1 DIGITAL SKILL DEVELOPMENT

RANDOM MASSING This example provided to us by the studio leaders demonstrated the same principles as the previous exercise, but incorporated a random domain element (fig.2 appendix) which I could then examine to see how it worked.

This offered a quick experiementation with the script which could then be used to analyze certain aspects of the design certainly something which can be used to quickly generate outcomes.

36

INDIVIDUAL EXPLORATION

CONTENTS INTRODUCTION SITE ANALYSIS

INDIVIDUAL EXPLORATION REFINED FRAMEWORK

The isovist field is defined to represent “the panoptical view a person has from a given point in an urban space. It is used for orientation or wayfinding in the urban fabric.”

(Hoeven & Nes 2013). We are able to quickly create isovist fields from a point based on existing geometry, both 2D and 3D analyses are possible and provide another dimension to perception of spaces in the urban realm.

APPENDIX

ISOVIST

2.1 DIGITAL SKILL DEVELOPMENT

FAR CALCULATOR TRIAL As a result of individual concept interests, I was interested in finding if we could set a target FAR for a parcel and block.

The result was successful for individual parcels, but was unable to be replicated at multiple parcels as the data became mixed and not usable. This can be seen in the GH results shown in FIG.4 and FIG.5 in the appendix.

If this could be applied at mass then it would’ve been a very useful tool.

38

INDIVIDUAL EXPLORATION

CONTENTS INTRODUCTION

INDIVIDUAL EXPLORATION

SITE ANALYSIS

While it was ultimately successful, there are limitations, such as the inability to precisely determine values for z factor, relying instead on the values which image sampler gains from the different brightnesses of a raster image.

REFINED FRAMEWORK

In order to give different weight to different parcels as part of the concept development, we began looking at image sampler and how it could influence different heights of extrusions (fig.6) appendix).

APPENDIX

IMAGE SAMPLER

2.2 MINI URBAN DESIGN FRAMEWORK

WEEK 1 UDF The individual line of development which led to the presentation in week 4 began from our studies of the week 1 site, where we began to look at the range of issues which the ArdenMacaulay area posed.

Brief experimentation resulted in; the retainment of several industrial components on-site, whilst new development occured at the fringes along arterial roads, whilst keeping innerblock permeability open to allow pedestrians to have multiple choices in their network.

40

INDIVIDUAL EXPLORATION

INTRODUCTION

CONTENTS MACAULAY STATION

Following the week 1 exploration, the key walkability issues which I were interested in were mainly the lack of permeability due to the industrial-sized blocks, as well as an opportunity for transit-oriented development to occur closer to transport nodes.

We can see that in neighbouring residential areas, blocks are of a much smaller size than they are near Macaulay Station due to the large block sizes. These pose a limitation to the permeability of the pedestrian network and could be resolved better as development inevitably occurs in this area.

REFINED FRAMEWORK

permeability + density

APPENDIX

INDIVIDUAL FOCUS ON SITE ISSUES

INDIVIDUAL EXPLORATION

SITE ANALYSIS

MACAULAY STATION

2.2 MINI URBAN DESIGN FRAMEWORK

MACAULAY STN

INZ INZ GRZ

42

INDIVIDUAL EXPLORATION

This then brings up further questions such as the interface between the rising buildings and the freeway, as well as issues of inundation which the area currently sits within.

In this particular scenario, the concept pushes for the street to be activated parallel to Moonee Ponds Creek to link to Arden Stn and Boundary Rd.

CONTENTS

INDIVIDUAL EXPLORATION

By experimenting with a small chosen site of several blocks close to Macaulay Station, we were able to trial basic GH components by visualizing increased building heights close to Macaulay Station.

REFINED FRAMEWORK

INDIVIDUAL SITE OPPORTUNITIES

APPENDIX

TO BOUNDARY RD

SITE ANALYSIS

INTRODUCTION

TO ARDEN STN

2.2 MINI URBAN DESIGN FRAMEWORK

CNR ALFRED & BOUNDARY RD

44

INDIVIDUAL EXPLORATION

CONTENTS

TO BOUNDARY RD

WK 1 STUDY AREA

TO ARDEN STN

An alternative to the intentions of the structure plan, by instead proposing a vertical north-south activation, we keep a consistent proximity to the creek as you move along the retail/commercial strip.

This also effectively links Arden Stn to Macaulay Stn as well as into the site further north. The journey also moves past several key open spaces such as NMFC.

NTH MELB FOOTBALL + REC

SITE ANALYSIS

INDIVIDUAL EXPLORATION

MACAULAY RD

REFINED FRAMEWORK

MARK ST

APPENDIX

SUTTON ST

INTRODUCTION

ALFRED ST

2.2 MINI URBAN DESIGN FRAMEWORK

NRD Street Connectivity Land Use Mix Retail F.A.R inputs

actions

outputs

existing street network existing locations of primary uses

calculate proximity from each primary use to another, with x metres as threshold.

catchment area + identify potential complementary uses

PSEUDOCODE 1. find centroids for existing locations of primary uses 2. input existing street network 3. find distance between locations of primary uses using proximity network 4. set threshold at x metres (based on evidence for walking distances) 5. output is catchment area between primary uses 6. goal is to increase catchment area, identify allotments to allocate primary uses to for maximum benefit. how can we optimize land use mixes? are there critical points to be a catalyst for others? what would be the most effective combination?

46

INDIVIDUAL EXPLORATION

CONTENTS

“The district and indeed as many of its internal parts as possible, must serve more than one primary function; preferably more than two.

These must insure the pres- ence of people who go outdoors on different schedules and are in the place for dif- ferent purposes, but who are able to able to use many facilities in common.”

SITE ANALYSIS

INTRODUCTION

The district must serve more than one primary use, and preferably more than two.

INDIVIDUAL EXPLORATION

“To understand cities, we have to deal outright with combinations or mixtures of uses, not separate uses, as the essential phenomena.”

REFINED FRAMEWORK

JACOBS (1961)

APPENDIX

“you cannot consider the environment by breaking it down into small parts, but you need to see it as a set of units, which support and enhance each other in a complex and interdependent whole.” (Alexander 1965)

Á

Legend Á

Á

Train Station Site Boundary

Á

Parcel Moonee Pond Creek Workshop/Studio Manufacturing Equipment Installation

[

SITE ISSUES - FORMER INDUSTRIAL SITE

0

187.5

375

750

1,125

Meters 1,500

Á

Á

Á

Á

Legend Á

Á

Train Station Site Boundary Parcel

Á

Moonee Pond Creek Unoccupied Land

SITE ISSUES - UNOCCUPIED LOTS 48

INDIVIDUAL EXPLORATION

[

0

187.5

375

750

1,125

Meters 1,500

CLUE (2010)

CONTENTS INTRODUCTION SITE ANALYSIS

INDIVIDUAL EXPLORATION REFINED FRAMEWORK

The presence of several unoccupied lots presents a great opportunity to not only foster new development, but to ensure that permeability is carried through by retaining pedestrian networks throughout without the need to work through existing conditions.

APPENDIX

Two main site characteristics which were important to me were the presence of the site’s former industrial history, which persists still to this day. Some lots will be able to re-locate, others such as Allied Mills will be hesistant to do so, having spent a considerable sum of money on renovations at their current site. This provides a diverse range of building stock, some of which can be retrofitted

erlay - Arden-Macaulay

1945.MELBOURNE

SITE ISSUES - HERITAGE OVERLAY

50

INDIVIDUAL EXPLORATION

CONTENTS

This will mean more restraints when considering which areas will be able to accomodate a growing population and allows us to set some boundaries for when we begin experimenting with density studies.

SITE ANALYSIS

INTRODUCTION

Several areas, most notably housing stock have been covered now under the heritage overlay, with a few buildings and sites within our study area also falling under this category.

INDIVIDUAL EXPLORATION

Through aerial photography from 1945 to current conditions, we can see that the most significant changes have occured in the now residential zones of the site, with many industrial areas remaining quite unchanged through 70 years of growth.

REFINED FRAMEWORK

SITE DEVELOPMENT

APPENDIX

1945.MELBOURNE - CURRENT

2.2 MINI URBAN DESIGN FRAMEWORK

City of Melbourne (2016)

END OF INDIVIDUAL DEVELOPMENT +increasing residential population +increasing density the primary focus of the individual inquiry was to begin to develop a narrative which asks the question: how can we examine the potential scenario of increasing residential density in Arden-Macaulay, and how can we accomodate this growth and visualize it through digital scripting to better guide our design? residential density is the primary focus, in order to clarify the use of the term ‘density’ which can mean many other elements.

52

INDIVIDUAL EXPLORATION

3. Intervene Using this information to zoom in on ‘hotspots’ and pedestrian movement in order to propose interventions such as sun paths on open space, retail land use, community facilities etc.

+increasing residential population +increasing density whilst the initial question being asked is quite simple: how can we accomodate density in an established area? there are many issues I intend to face along the way which will no doubt ad complexity to the issue. how big will each average dwelling be? what is this size determined by? are population forecasts inherently self-fulfilling? what will increased density mean for urban rhythm and flow? is transit-oriented design always the correct assumption? can we set alternatives to height limitations on structure plans, perhaps letting go of prescriptive standards in favour of performative criteria, e.g site must accomodate x dwellings.

INTRODUCTION SITE ANALYSIS

Use ABM to visualise agents from Point A (each residential use) to Point B (closest PT provision) which paths are the most used? where do these paths interact the most?

INDIVIDUAL EXPLORATION

2. Identifying main flows of movement

REFINED FRAMEWORK

Based on population projections, where can we accomodate this increase according to distance to existing public transport & potential sites

APPENDIX

1.Accomodate growth

CONTENTS

Methodology

3.0 CONCEPT DEVELOPMENT

54

CONCEPT DEVELOPMENT

APPENDIX

CONCEPT DEVELOPMENT

INDIVIDUAL EXPLORATION

SITE ANALYSIS

INTRODUCTION

CONTENTS

ADVANCED RE-WAYFINDING 3.1 INITIAL JOINT PROPOSAL Jessica Li & Bo Wen

STREET NETWORK Distinct street experience to enhance people’s perception of their journeys to destinations • apply coordinated paths • create landmark • facilitate node

4D

INCREASED DENSITY to accomodate future population • extrude building footprints and create various housing types

3D

REDEFINED SURFACE Integrated land use for incrased social interaction and building contrast in precincts’ characters • define prime location for residential development • subtract existing constraint area • quantity of dwelling for residential development • assign existing proportion of different services of CBD • create distinct character of space

2D

ADVANCED RE-WAYFINDING Jessica Li & Bo Wen

DEFINE PRIME LOCATION FOR DEVELOPMENT • analysis for suitable develop area according to proximity to Moonee Pond Creek & Train Stations • subtract existing constraint area

DEFINE 3 PRECINCTS FOR DISTINCTIVE ENVIRONMENT • identify dominant use of each precinct • deinfe ratio of different land use • place precincts according to existing context to optimise land use mix

56

CONCEPT DEVELOPMENT

APPLY VARIOUS LAND USE FOR FUNDAMENTAL COMMUNITY SUPPORT • define essential support services other than residential development

CONTENTS INTRODUCTION SITE ANALYSIS

The core concept drew from Tschumi’s Parc de la Villette in terms of utilizing ‘points, lines and surfaces’ as a method of re-structuring the approach.

CONCEPT DEVELOPMENT

Development of land uses was originally intended to be organized into clusters based on the distinctive experiences which can be found from one cluster to the next.

APPENDIX

The initial joint proposal incorporated the element of wayfinding from Jessica Li’s individual work. There is an interest in the idea of how people perceive the spaces around them as a means of navigating the city.

INDIVIDUAL EXPLORATION

Precedent - Parc de la Villette

ADVANCED RE-WAYFINDING Jessica Li & Bo Wen

WAYFINDING BY REDIFINING PRECINCTS

INCREASE DENSITY WITHOUT COMPROMISING INTENSITY

INCREASED DENSITY TO ACCOMODATE FUTURE POPULATION GROWTH WITHOUT COMPROMISING THE DISTINCTIVENESS OF SPACE FOR WAYFINDING

“The keys to this are density and mixed land use, which grow from the need to have sufficient people living nearby and sufficient work, shops, schools, etc. within walking distance.”

(Peter Newman, 1996) “To understand cities, we have to deal outright with combinations or mixtures of uses, not separate uses, as the essential phenomena.”

(Jane Jacobs, 1961) “People need an identificable spatial unit to belong to... Help people to define the neighbourhoods they live in.”

(Alexander et al., 1977)

58

CONCEPT DEVELOPMENT

Reduce travel distances by meeting daily needs locally

Increase density to Economically support mixed land use

2

One trip can undertake many activities

Increase number of people on the street to increase Passive surveillance

3

Facilitate paths and intersections for connectivity

Framework Development Throughout this stage of the process we focused on development of the urban design framework from which to make an enquiry.

We are able to see the progression of the intent and focus of the core concept shifting from a wayfinding focus towards a more refined idea of addressing density and land use mix as the key issues to respond to.

SITE ANALYSIS

1

INDIVIDUAL EXPLORATION

Accomodate future population growth in established areas

CONCEPT DEVELOPMENT

Increasing Land Use Mix

APPENDIX

Increasing Residential Density

INTRODUCTION

CONTENTS

The aim of the project is to address walkability through the scope of residential density and land use mix, utilizing digital scripting to test concepts and provide evidence to guide future growth in Arden-Macaulay.

Suitability of Growth Area

Á

Á

Á

Á

Legend Á

Á

Train Station Site Boundary Parcel

Á

Moonee Pond Creek Moonee Pond Creek Buffer Train Station Buffer Prime Location Constraint Location Heritage Location Public Open Space

Prime Location for Residential Development

[

0

187.5

375

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30m Buffer from moonee ponds creek

Existing industrial

Existing heritage overlay

Existing recreational

60

CONCEPT DEVELOPMENT

CONTENTS

Initial Density Proposal

‘Mid Semester Review Proposal’ At this stage of the design process, we were still unclear about the means by which to distribute density, and had not yet developed a digital tool to accomodate these questions.

The overall framework however, bears resemblance to the resulting methodology.

INDIVIDUAL EXPLORATION

Merge with Land Use Mix

CONCEPT DEVELOPMENT

Experimentation with distribution of density

APPENDIX

Set Target Dwelling #

SITE ANALYSIS

INTRODUCTION

Determine Available Parcels

UTILITIES (MEDICAL, EMERGENCY & SOCIAL SERVICES, GOVERNMENT USES)

RECREATIONAL (PUBLIC OPEN SPACE, SPORTS AND RECREATION VENUES)

EDUCATIONAL (CHILDCARE, SCHOOLS, HIGHER EDUCATION)

COMMERCIAL (OFFICES, RETAIL, SERVICES & ENTERTAINMENT)

SUITABLE LAND USE PROPOSAL 62

CONCEPT DEVELOPMENT

CONTENTS INTRODUCTION Á Á

Á Á

Á

INDIVIDUAL EXPLORATION

SITE ANALYSIS

This method allowed us to see the extent to which existing services are present in the areas surrounding the site, and helped to refine some of the land use choices which were made later on.

CONCEPT DEVELOPMENT

We wanted the land use proposal within the site to reflect the contexual desires from around Arden-Macaulay.

APPENDIX

Initial Land Use Research

3.2 MINI UDF - Mid Semester Conceptual Proposal

COMMERCIAL USE

Key issues which were raised from this review in mid-semester included: The rational behind the initial clusters of recreational, commercial and institutional use - why they are important and if there is a consideration of other land uses. This ultimately led to a higher resolution of mix in the final proposal, both overall and within each building.

The key question however was still regarding how we can use digital tools to provide evidence for the distribution of density, and how density relates to land use - this formed the basis of our focus for the remainder of the semester.

64

CONCEPT DEVELOPMENT

RECREATIONAL USE

CONCEPT DEVELOPMENT

E

INSTITUTIONAL

APPENDIX

INDIVIDUAL EXPLORATION

SITE ANALYSIS

INTRODUCTION

MIXED USE CONTENTS

3.3 THEORETICAL ESSAY AIM Our approach aims to address the issue of designing for walkability in Arden-Macaulay through the scope of density and land use mix. These concepts will be explored using digital tools and will help us provide evidence for an alternative framework to guide future development.

In our view, walkability is a concept which describes the extent to which a person is able to access his/her daily needs by active modes of transport, with an emphasis on travel made by foot. It advocates for an urban future which makes the automobile all but redundant, where communities are healthier, supportive and vibrant. Designing for walkability is essential for all metropolitan cities in order to thrive in this new age of urbanity.

WHY? Density and land use mix are the central aspects of our scheme because we wanted to focus on these as the main components towards improving walkability in ArdenMacaulay. This gives us room to explore these concepts more in-depth, and allows us to have a central focus when considering how digital methods can be applied to guide us in our design proposal.

The two elements are identified as important factors which contribute to a ‘walkability index’ in a paper by Frank et.al (2006), as well as in other literature by Jacobs (1961), which sets out several key aspects regarding density, block size, and land use mix that we have used as general guiding principles for the formulation of our proposal.

Within the scope of site-specific issues, the need to densify is an obvious issue in Arden- Macaulay and thus needs to be addressed first and foremost,. The question therefore is not ‘if’ we need to densify, it is ‘how’. By using digital tools, we can explore various methods of distributing density such as ‘transit-oriented-development’, as well as other factors such as including incentives for density based on network connectivity.

The emphasis on land use mix also stems from the Frank et.al (2006) paper as well as Jacobs (1961): “to understand cities, we have to deal outright with combinations or mixtures of uses, not separate uses, as the essential phenomena.”. Through increasing land use mix, we will reduce travel distances and times by meeting daily needs locally, with one trip being able to undertake many activities.

Finally, density and land use mix were also the main factors which we identified early in the semester as being key walkability issues which needed to be addressed in the future development of Arden-Macaulay, naturally making the transition into the paired group concept.

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CONCEPT DEVELOPMENT

INTRODUCTION SITE ANALYSIS INDIVIDUAL EXPLORATION

Our methodology can be considered in three stages; density, land use mix, and how they interrelate to set up a framework for our proposal. The first is to explore potential scenarios in which density is driven by different factors such as proximity to transit nodes and network connectivity, each of which we developed a script to visualise.

Land use mix is concurrently developed as as a series of ‘desire’ heatmaps in which we identify particular needs based on surrounding context. Finally, we consider how the two concepts can manifest in Arden-Macaulay and how they relate to each other to create varying conditions in our resulting proposal.

Land use mix requires population density, and vice versa. Therefore this methodology gives us an opportunity to hypothesise the ‘what if’, and explore different scenarios of distributing density and land use mix as the basis of a new urban proposal.

The resulting methodology eventuated because it is not a hyper-prescriptive proposal, and leaves room for flexibility and doesn’t seek to govern an exact outcome, but rather sets out an overall framework from which an outcome can be reached. Whilst we cannot dictate exactly what happens in each building to achieve an ‘optimal’ outcome, we should embrace the open-ended nature of urban design and its many contributing factors.

It recognises that our role is to provide a framework for development which sets principles to give coherency to an urban form as each separate development occurs.

Alexander states that each building should contribute to a ‘wholeness’ of the district, which we have considered whilst formulating our methodology to ensure that the function and role of each block and buildings within should contribute to a distinct overall coherence in the Arden-Macaulay area as a whole.

“This means that you cannot consider the environment by breaking it down into small parts, but you need to see it as a set of units, which support and enhance each other in a complex and interdependent whole.” (Alexander 1965)

CONCEPT DEVELOPMENT

METHODOLOGY

APPENDIX

Whilst our proposal does not draw from any single precedent extensively, there have been a myriad of influencing theories and projects which have influenced our thinking in some way, shape or form. In ‘A New Theory of Urban Design’, it states that “every building increment must help to form at least one larger whole in the city, which is both larger and more significant than itself” (pp. 38-39). This provoked us to think about how the distribution of land use mix and density ultimately sets up various conditions in which buildings should collectively contribute to the success of that precinct. MVRDV’s ‘Vertical Village’ (Maas 2012) also contributed to the thinking behind the distribution of land use mix, that for every functional use there is an ‘preferred’ set of urban conditions which would help to support its performance: for example retail benefits from heavy pedestrian traffic on ground floors of busy streets, therefore we can help to aid its success by locating it in an area where it has the best chance of succeeding.

CONTENTS

PRECEDENT

4.0 DESIGN DEVELOPMENT

68

DESIGN DEVELOPMENT

APPENDIX

DESIGN DEVELOPMENT

INDIVIDUAL EXPLORATION

SITE ANALYSIS

INTRODUCTION

CONTENTS

4.1 DIGITAL DEVELOPMENT Evaluate Parcel Distance To Transit Transit Station Street Network Parcel

?

m

?m

?

m

?

m

?m

Define transit destinations on street network

70

DESIGN DEVELOPMENT

?m

?m

Find shortest path from start points to transit using street network

Analyze length of walk for each parcel

CONTENTS INTRODUCTION SITE ANALYSIS INDIVIDUAL EXPLORATION

DESIGN DEVELOPMENT

Transit - Oriented Development

These digital tools allow us to respond to these questions and the main site issues by opting for a transit-oriented development, where each parcel has a relationship to the closest transit site which determines its relative proximity. This is done using the shortestwalk component which uses the st network to find walkable catchments, as opposed to direct attractor pts that we used earlier in the semester

APPENDIX

The question is not if we increase density, but how it is distributed.

GH Week 2 - Attractor Pts

4.1 DIGITAL DEVELOPMENT Generate Area Catchments

Evaluate Network Connectivity - Heatmap Analysis Base Boundary

Street Network Parcel

Define Street Network & Parcels

Set Analysis Boundary

Convert boundary to mesh of area catchments for street network analysis

Generate Area Catchments

Base Boundary

Closest Catchment Point Parcel Network Connectivity

Convert boundary to mesh of area catchments for street network analysis

Assess network connectivity by length of street network within each catchment

Assign network connectivity factor to each parcel based on closest catchment point

Network - Oriented Development To respond to the large blocks and unoccupied lots and explore the idea of assessing the site’s network connectivity to essentially allow more permeable blocks to be awarded higher density distributions.

This method breaks the site into a grid of sample points, where each point becomes a catchment that analyzes the length of the street network which is ultimately assigned to the parcel as a proxy of network connectivity.

72

DESIGN DEVELOPMENT

This method is adapted from an earlier script which analyzes the number of point intersections in a site and produces a heatmap based on the results.

Asse stree

Heatmap Method 200m

DESIGN DEVELOPMENT

INDIVIDUAL EXPLORATION

SITE ANALYSIS

Heatmap Method 100m

APPENDIX

INTRODUCTION

CONTENTS

Heatmap Method Start Pt

4.1 DIGITAL DEVELOPMENT

Evalute Network Connectivity - Ped Shed Analysis Street Network Parcel Intersections

?

m

?m

?m

Define Street Network Intersections

Determine walking catchment from start points

Assess network connectivity by length of street network within each catchment

INTERSECTION (B) = ?

INTERSECTION (A) = ?

trian Walking ment

points

Pedestrian Walking Catchment

PARCEL = ?

?

m

?m

?m

Assess network connectivity by length of street network within each catchment

Catchments only generate from networks with existing streets and intersections

Assign network connectivity factor to each parcel based on closest catchment point

Network - Oriented Development This method takes all existing site intersections as starting points from which a ‘walking’ catchment is generated using the current street network, and performs the same calculation by using the length of the network within each catchment as a proxy for network connectivity.

Why both methods?

To take into account different scales of urban conditions, with the presence of intersections and increase the accuracy of results

74

DESIGN DEVELOPMENT

C w

Convex Method 200m

DESIGN DEVELOPMENT

INDIVIDUAL EXPLORATION

SITE ANALYSIS

Convex Method 100m

APPENDIX

INTRODUCTION

CONTENTS

Convex Method Start Pt

4.1 DIGITAL DEVELOPMENT - OTHERS

Ladybug, Site-Coverage Tool We also experiemented with a sunpath tool to preserve solar amenity to key recreational spaces such as the one in Arden.

76

DESIGN DEVELOPMENT

An additional mini digital tool was created to automatically assign a set height to building parcels according to a set consistent F.A.R and shifting site coverage percentages. This allowed us to get more variation in built form for the final proposal.

CONTENTS INTRODUCTION SITE ANALYSIS INDIVIDUAL EXPLORATION

DESIGN DEVELOPMENT

A quick expermentation with the depthmap tool allowed us to see the axial connectivity of the proposed street network and help us to make decisions about the street hierarchy, in addition to the ‘most travelled’ segments output from the dog component for grasshopper.

APPENDIX

Depthmap

PRECEDENTS - SPACEMATRIX

Formula, Site Conditions This provided the initial formula for assessing network connectivity which we adapted and changed to ultimately shape our final digital tool methodology.

This was also a key text which showed that a range of site condtions could be visualised using traditional scientific methods such as graphs.

78

DESIGN DEVELOPMENT

We were influenced by many of the ideas in these texts which based their proposals on the idea that each dwelling or land use had an ‘ideal’ or ‘suitable’ environment and position in which they belonged.

This provoked us to think about what are the conditions condusive to each land use, and heavily influenced the methodology of the final proposal.

APPENDIX

Suitability of Land Use

DESIGN DEVELOPMENT

INDIVIDUAL EXPLORATION

SITE ANALYSIS

INTRODUCTION

CONTENTS

MVRDV - VERTICAL VILLAGE & FUNCTIONMIXER

5.0 FINAL PROPOSAL

80

FINAL PROPOSAL

APPENDIX

FINAL PROPOSAL

INDIVIDUAL EXPLORATION

SITE ANALYSIS

INTRODUCTION

CONTENTS

82

FINAL PROPOSAL

Distribute Increased Density

Increase Land Use Mix

CONTENTS INTRODUCTION APPENDIX

FINAL PROPOSAL

INDIVIDUAL EXPLORATION

SITE ANALYSIS

Our approach addresses the issue of designing for walkability in Arden-Macaulay through the scope of density and land use mix. These concepts will be explored using digital tools and will enable evidence-based design decision-making towards a future framework of development.

Train Station

Intersection

Intersection

Street Network

Street Network

Generated Catchment Network Connectivity

Distance to Transit Closest

COMBINED METHODOLOGY

Network Connectivity Ped Shed Method - Existing Network

84

Furthest

1

100 = Optimal

FINAL PROPOSAL

Intersection Street Network Generated Catchment Network Connectivity

100 = Optimal

Transit-oriented Development Method - Existing Network

HEAT MAP ANALYSIS

1

Heat Map Method - Existing Network

PED SHED ANALYS

Network Connectivity Ped Shed Method - Proposed Network

Closest

Furthest

Transit-Oriented Development Method - Proposed Network

NEW STREET NETWORK + DISTANCE TO TRANSIT

Application of Digital Tools We can use the tools to assess the site as it current exists, the areas which can be addressed, and propose initial changes & connections through unoccupied lots & areas where changes can be made without cutting through existing building footprints.

100 = Optimal

INTRODUCTION

CONTENTS 1

Street Network Network Connectivity

1

Heat Map Method - Proposed Network

BUILDING FOOTPRINT + LAND USE PROPOSAL

SITE ANALYSIS

100 = Optimal

Intersection Generated Catchment

INDIVIDUAL EXPLORATION

Network Connectivity

Street Network Distance to Transit

FINAL PROPOSAL

Intersection

Street Network

APPENDIX

SIS

Train Station

Intersection Generated Catchment

CURRENT SITE CONDITIONS

Suitability of Land Use We wanted the land use proposal within the site to reflect the contexual desires from around Arden-Macaulay.

This method allowed us to see the extent to which existing services are present in the areas surrounding the site, and helped to refine some of the land use choices which were made later on.

86

FINAL PROPOSAL

INDIVIDUAL EXPLORATION

F.A.R DISTRIBUTION

FINAL PROPOSAL

C190 ALTERNATE SCHEME

APPENDIX

SITE ANALYSIS

INTRODUCTION

CONTENTS

PROPOSED DENSITY SCHEME

ASSESS CONDITIONS MATCH TO SITE ASSIGN LAND USE

88

FINAL PROPOSAL

REFINE THROUGH CONTEXUAL ANALYSIS & PROPOSAL OF NEW STREET NETWORK

Suitability of Land Use Each micro-block can be described in terms of its assigned F.A.R, distance to transit and overall network connectivity.

This produces a varying set of urban conditions across the site. ArdenMacaulay site locations can be selected and matched to the various set of urban conditions and analyzed according to contexual influences at macro and micro scale.

This then allows us to make evidence-based decisions regarding the distribution and suitability of land use allocation across the site, which is then refined contexually.

CONTENTS INTRODUCTION SITE ANALYSIS INDIVIDUAL EXPLORATION

ASSESS VARYING SUITABILITY FOR MIXED LAND USES BASED ON SITE CONDITIONS

FINAL PROPOSAL

DISTRIBUTE INCREASED DENSITY ACCORDING TO PARAMETERS

APPENDIX

ASSESS SITE CONDITIONS BASED ON NETWORK CONNECTIVITY + DISTANCE TO TRANSIT

Site Boundary

Base F.A.R 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Recreational Heritage/Industrial Areas

Density Distribution

90

FINAL PROPOSAL

CONTENTS INTRODUCTION Macaulay

Arden

INDIVIDUAL EXPLORATION

SITE ANALYSIS

Kensington

Site Boundary

Residential Mixed-use Education/Community/Childcare Cultural Commercial/Retail Retail Utilities Recreational Heritage Industrial

FINAL PROPOSAL

Residential Single-use

Resulting Density & Land Use Distribution

The digital tools and information extracted from them allowed us to backup our proposals regarding density & land use distribution, and assess the site with more detail than an ‘analog’ method could’ve allowed.

APPENDIX

Dorminant Land Use Plan

Site Boundary Boulevard Main Street Local Street Laneway

Street Network Heirachy

92

FINAL PROPOSAL

Street Typology A new street heirachy allows the new land use areas to be connected coherently together, encouraging the pedestrian to navigate between transit stations, residential areas and activity areas.

APPENDIX

FINAL PROPOSAL

INDIVIDUAL EXPLORATION

SITE ANALYSIS

INTRODUCTION

CONTENTS

94

FINAL PROPOSAL

CONTENTS INTRODUCTION SITE ANALYSIS INDIVIDUAL EXPLORATION

FINAL PROPOSAL APPENDIX

Proposed new connections take form in either that of a local st or laneway, recognising that the automobile does not need to permeate into every block and allows pedestrians to be the central focus for this new proposal.

96

FINAL PROPOSAL

CONTENTS INTRODUCTION

As site conditions improve and density increases, an increased range of mixed uses which are more intensive can be introduced to improve overall walkability.

INDIVIDUAL EXPLORATION

SITE ANALYSIS

Density is awarded through an improvement of block permeability and overall network connectivity, as well as each parcel’s proximity to transit.

FINAL PROPOSAL

The proposed framework supports the continual improve of site conditions as development takes place.

APPENDIX

Continual Improvement

Arden-Macaulay Masterplan

SECTION 1-1

98

FINAL PROPOSAL

SECTION 2-2

SECTION 3-3

APPENDIX

0 0

5 5

1

2

10 10

Macaulay

2

3

20 20

3

FINAL PROPOSAL

1

Kensington

Street Section

Arden

50 50

INDIVIDUAL EXPLORATION

SITE ANALYSIS

INTRODUCTION

CONTENTS

By using digital tools, we can explore various methods of distributing increased density & how it can support varying kinds of land use mixes.

100

FINAL PROPOSAL

CONTENTS INTRODUCTION SITE ANALYSIS INDIVIDUAL EXPLORATION

FINAL PROPOSAL APPENDIX

The resulting framework it is not a hyper-prescriptive proposal, and allows flexibility to set out an iterative, evidence-based approach that allows designers & planners to continuously assess the conditions of an urban site and use the information to make decisions regarding future development.

102

FINAL PROPOSAL

APPENDIX

zest out west 2016

FINAL PROPOSAL

INDIVIDUAL EXPLORATION

SITE ANALYSIS

INTRODUCTION

CONTENTS

6.0 APPENDIX

104

APPENDIX

APPENDIX

FINAL PROPOSAL

INDIVIDUAL EXPLORATION

SITE ANALYSIS

INTRODUCTION

CONTENTS

3.0 APPENDIX 1. Alexander, C. (1965) A City is Not a Tree. Architectural Forum, Vol 122, No 1, April 1965, pp 58-62 2. Jacobs, J. (1961) The Death and Life of Great American Cities, Random House, New York.

3. Alexander, C 1987, A New theory of urban design, New York : Oxford University Press, 1987.

4. Frank, LD, Sallis, JF, Conway, TL, Chapman, JE, Saelens, BE, & Bachman, W 2006, ‘Many Pathways from Land Use to Health’, Journal of the American Planning Association, vol. 72, no. 1, pp. 75-87.

5. Maas, W 2003, Five minutes city : architecture and (im) mobility : forum & workshop,Rotterdam 2002, Rotterdam : Episode, 2003.

6. Maas, W 2012, The Vertical village, Rotterdam : NAI, c2012.

7. Berghauser Pont, M, & Haupt, P 2010, Spacematrix : Space, Density And Urban Form, n.p.: Rotterdam : NAI, 2010.

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APPENDIX

APPENDIX

FINAL PROPOSAL

INDIVIDUAL EXPLORATION

SITE ANALYSIS

INTRODUCTION

CONTENTS

FIG.1 - CIRCLE CNR

FIG.2 - RANDOM MASSING

FIG.3 - INVERSE HEIGHT V DISTANCE USING 1/X

108

APPENDIX

CONTENTS INTRODUCTION SITE ANALYSIS INDIVIDUAL EXPLORATION

FIG.4 - FAR CALCULATOR SINGLE PARCEL

APPENDIX

FINAL PROPOSAL

FIG.5 - FAR CALCULATOR MULTIPLE PARCELS

FIG.6 - IMAGE SAMPLER

OUTPUT CONVEX HULLS

NC METHOD 2 PEDSHED ANALYSIS

NC CALCU

MOST TRAVELLED PATHS

NC METHOD 1 - HEATMAP

ASSIGN TO PARCEL & VISUALISE

EXPERIMENTAL GRAPH FUNCTION

NC REMAP TO 1-100 FACTOR

TRANSIT ORIENTED DEVELOPMENT - SHORTWALK

ASSIGN TO PARCEL & VISUALISE 110

APPENDIX

REMAP TO 1-100 FACTOR

COMBINE NC1 & NC

FAILED METHODOLOGY

INTRODUCTION

ULATION NC REMAP TO 1-100 FACTOR

SITE ANALYSIS

DISPATCH SELECTOR

INDIVIDUAL EXPLORATION

COMBINE VALUES FROM NC1 & NC2 VISUALISE

DISPATCH SELECTOR FOR COMBINED NC

FINAL PROPOSAL

DISPATCH SELECTOR FOR DIST TO TRANSIT

REMAP SELECTED DISPATCH VALUES EXTRUDE BUILT FORM

CATEGORIZED DISPATCH SELECTOR FOR DIST TO TRANSIT + COMBINED NC

SET SITE COVERAGE <50% >100% TOOL CALCULATES HEIGHT FROM SET F.A.R

APPENDIX

E VALUES FROM C2 & TOD VISUALISE

CONTENTS

ASSIGN TO PARCEL & VISUALISE

112

APPENDIX